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Ecological conservation red line is an important initiative for ecological civilization construction in China. Studies and works have been conducted to delineate the ecological conservation red line using remote sensing and manual survey methods. However, the traditional ecological assessment methods ignore the impact of dynamic elements on the ecological environment, and a permanent monitoring system for ecological conservation red line is still necessary. Therefore, this paper aimed to build a daily monitoring system of the ecological conservation red line from the perspective of ecological soundscape, combining deep learning and traditional Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. We analyzed the main factors affecting the ecological soundscape to provide a benchmark for selecting sites for permanent soundscape monitoring. Initially, this study developed the first classification standard of soundscape elements for daily monitoring of ecological conservation red line concerning the "ecological-production-living spaces" concept and existing literature on soundscape and built a deep learning model for training, with training and validation accuracies of 89.88% and 72.41%, respectively. The identification results of this model confirmed that the solution of intelligent monitoring through soundscape is reliable in daily monitoring. Then, the deep learning model was employed to classify and predict the soundscape collected from the case sites and effectively identify the areas with severe ecological encroachment by calculating the proportion of ecological soundscape elements, performing the simulation of daily monitoring, which is important guidance for the actual ecological conservation red line monitoring. Finally, a regression model was used to analyze the spatial characteristics of ecologically vulnerable areas, with an R 2 of 0.472. The regression model showed that nighttime light intensity had the greatest influence on ecological soundscape, followed by the distance from residential areas, spatial centrality, and road distance. These factors should be considered when implementing permanent soundscape monitoring sites. In addition, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and topography were not significant in the regression model, which confirmed the shortcomings of considering only the ecological background and ignoring the dynamic biological elements. Daily monitoring should capture dynamic encroachments so that major ecological damage can be detected before it occurs. Therefore, the innovative integration of soundscape elements into the monitoring system meets the basic needs of monitoring ecological conservation red lines daily.

Rechargeable zinc ion batteries (RZIBs) have gained significant attention due to their high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the high reactivity of water in traditional aqueous electrolytes leads to the problems of dendrite formation and side reactions in the circulation process of zinc anode, which limits the development of RZIBs. These issues are effectively addressed by eutectic electrolytes through the regulation of the number of water molecules in the solvation structure of Zn2+ ions via hydrogen bonding and coordination effects. Additionally, eutectic electrolytes have the advantages of simple synthesis, non-corrosive, and environmental friendliness, which has attracted much attention in the field of RZIBs. The article begins by providing a brief introduction to the basic principles and definitions of eutectic electrolytes, and then highlights their current applications in RZIBs. Finally, the development prospects of eutectic electrolytes are discussed, offering important insights for the preparation of excellent eutectic electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf senescence is an important process of growth and development in plant, and it is a programmed decline controlled by a series of genes. In this study, the biochemical properties and transcriptome at five maturity stages (M1∼M5) of tobacco leaves were analyzed to reveal the dynamic changes in leaf senescence of tobacco. A total of 722, 1,534, 3,723, and 6,933 genes were differentially expressed (DEG) between M1 and M2, M1 and M3, M1 and M4, and M1 and M5, respectively. Significant changes of nitrogen, sugars, and the DEGs related to metabolite accumulation were identified, suggesting the importance of energy metabolism during leaf senescence. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis found that DEGs were enriched in biosynthetic, metabolic, photosynthesis, and redox processes, and especially, the nitrogen metabolic pathways were closely related to the whole leaf senescence process (M1∼M5). All the DEGs were grouped into 12 expression profiles according to their distinct expression patterns based on Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) software analysis. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis found that these DEGs were enriched in pathways of carbon metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and photosynthesis among these expression profiles. A total of 30 core genes were examined by Weight Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and they appeared to play a crucial role in the regulatory of tobacco senescence. Our results provided valuable information for further functional investigation of leaf senescence in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melatonin is a well-known signaling molecule that mediates a range of physiological activities and various stress reactions in plants. We comprehensively tested the effect of melatonin on the development of root hairs and glandular trichomes and found that melatonin pretreatment of tobacco seeds significantly increased the length of root hairs. Furthermore, melatonin-treated tobacco exhibited significantly higher density of trichomes and larger glandular heads on long-stalk glandular trichomes than untreated plants, which resulted in enhanced secretion in glandular trichomes. Exogenous melatonin enhanced the aphid resistance of plants by facilitating the accumulation of cembranoids in the glandular trichomes and alleviated cadmium toxicity by increasing the Cd-exudation capacity of long glandular trichomes. Metabolic analysis indicated that the contents of 108 metabolites significantly changed upon melatonin treatment, with the contents of those that are directly/indirectly involved in melatonin metabolism changing the most. Further, KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the metabolic pathways of amino acids, reducing sugar, secondary metabolites, indole alkaloid biosynthesis, purine, pyrimidine, and ABC transporters were greatly influenced by exogenous melatonin application. Moreover, metabolisms of melatonin-related antioxidants and pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics were enhanced after melatonin treatment. Melatonin improved tobacco resistance to high salinity, drought, and extreme temperature stresses, as indicated by improved photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities in treated vs. untreated plants. This study lays a foundation for the comprehensive application of melatonin to increase the stress tolerance of plants. [Display omitted] • Melatonin promoted the development of root hairs and glandular trichomes. • Exogenous melatonin enhanced aphid resistance of tobacco plants. • Melatonin facilitated the secretion of glandular trichomes. • Melatonin treatment alleviated cadmium toxicity in tobacco plants. • Exogenous melatonin enhanced the metabolism of some antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ∼800 km long Heihe River in northwestern China originates from the North Qilian Mountain, and passes through the Beishan Mountain before it reaches the Juyanhai Lake. Geologically, the river crosscuts the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, the Alax Terrane, and the Beishan Orogenic Belt. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of detrital zircon from Heihe River sediments shows four age groups: 2700–1700 Ma, 1700–650 Ma, 650–358 Ma, and 358–230 Ma, and age peaks at ∼2450 Ma, ∼1850 Ma, ∼950 Ma, ∼520 Ma, 505 Ma, ∼480 Ma, ∼450 Ma, ∼430 Ma, ∼380 Ma, ∼320 Ma, and ∼295 Ma. The age distribution patterns indicate that Heihe River sediments were mainly sourced from the North Qilian Orogenic Belt. The detrital zircon ages demonstrate that the North Qilian Orogenic Belt may have Archean to late Paleoproterozoic rocks. Several tectonothermal events are also identified: opening of the North Qilian Ocean (part of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean) at early Neoproterozoic, subduction of oceanic lithosphere and formation of a trench-arc-basin system at late Neoproterozoic to late Ordovician, closure of the oceanic basin at late Ordovician, and collision of the Qaidam and Alax terranes at early Devonian. Our study indicates that the formation of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt was mainly related to the formation and closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]