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October 29, 1933-September 24, 2022 The National Shellfisheries Association (NSA) lost Ken Chew, one of the true pioneers in shellfish biology and aquaculture, on September 24, 2022. What follows here [...]

In February 2023, I gave my presidential address for the Association for Academic Surgery. (1) I did something scary. I told the truth. I began my speech like this: 'Yes, [...]

At the 2024 American Psychiatric Association (APA) Annual Meeting, the American Association for Social Psychiatry (AASP) bestowed H. Steven Moffi c, MD, with the Abraham L. Halpern Humanitarian Award for [...]

Aquaculture technology is on the move, enabling production in more open and exposed ocean environments around the world. These new systems offer solutions to environmental challenges facing conventional aquaculture, yet new technologies also create new social challenges while potentially exacerbating, or at minimum recreating, others. Offshore aquaculture research and governance are still in early stages, as is our understanding of the social repercussions and challenges associated with development. This paper provides an evaluation and reflection on offshore aquaculture from a social science perspective and is based on findings from a modified World Cafe' group discussion method including the thoughts and experiences of social science experts. Key challenges and uncertainties including a lack of an appropriate regulatory framework, societal perceptions of offshore aquaculture, and offshore aquaculture's contribution to society were identified. The governance implications of these challenges are discussed as well as the need for social sciences to address these challenges through transformative and transdisciplinary approaches that bridge science and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avorter ici ou ailleurs n'implique pas les mêmes droits pour les femmes, ni les mêmes conditions. Pratiqué depuis des siècles et dans toutes les sociétés, l'avortement dans le monde reste pour autant très inégalitaire en termes législatifs. Cet article retrace les contextes historiques, socioculturels et politiques dans lesquels ont émergé les décisions concernant la pénalisation et la dépénalisation de cet acte, notamment en Argentine. Les représentations du fœtus mais aussi du statut social des femmes, élaborées par chaque société, apportent une compréhension supplémentaire aux enjeux liés à cette pratique : universelle et transculturelle. Le corps féminin et sa fonction procréatrice répondent aux intérêts des politiques d'État. Le combat des femmes argentines pour la légalisation de l'avortement est ainsi un exemple de rébellion contre le poids des traditions patriarcales. The legal implications of abortion worldwide do not confer the same rights or conditions on women. Although abortion has been practiced for centuries in all societies, it remains highly unequal in legislative terms throughout the world. This article traces the historical, socio-cultural and political contexts in which decisions to criminalize and decriminalize abortion have been made, particularly in Argentina. Representations of the status of the fetus and of women's social condition that have been developed by each society, provide additional insight into the issues surrounding this universal and transcultural practice. The female body, and its procreative function, correspond to the interests of state policies. The fight by Argentinian women to legalize abortion is an example of rebellion against the weight of patriarchal traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the role of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC), as a public service within Irish society has been illuminated. In the twenty-first century, although crises may unfold on a global scale, the response from society is galvanised at local level. Amongst other functions, ECEC is ideally positioned to form part of a local response to unanticipated public crisis. However, ECEC in Ireland finds itself in a space of converging multiple crises such as high fees for parents, poor working conditions for staff, alongside concerns of how children experience provision. This article analyses the institutional systems from which ECEC has emerged by mapping several discursive 'regimes of truth', that have built up through Irish history. Exposure of multiple crises, such as fragmentation and the commodification of care are mapped to a neoliberal discourse set in a history of colonialism and religious doctrine. Pulling off the sticky plasters is painful, whilst facing multiple crises can lead to a state of exhaustion. However, guided by affirmative ethics this article aims to generate possible solutions, thereby proposing mechanisms for creating a more sustainable model of ECEC as a public service, embedded in an interconnective narrative of ethical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lara Buchak argues that her version of rank-weighted utilitarianism can accommodate an implication of the separateness of persons known as "the shift," since it requires individuals to be more willing to accept risk for themselves than to accept inequality in society. I argue that this is mistaken. Buchak's model fails to yield the shift when the decision-maker is distinct from the affected individual, as well as in certain social decisions where the risk attitude of the group is known. These findings suggest that models which derive social choice rules from individual decision rules will generally fail to uphold separateness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The published Leiden encyclopedia is one source of information about Islam in Western and sometimes even Islamic societies. The Islam encyclopedia established itself as a standard reference in open science very quickly because it incorporated the goals of disseminating knowledge of all aspects of Islam, including the founder of Islam, the content and related historical developments, the developers of Islamic teachings, and all aspects of Muslim culture. Given that "Islamophobia" is a part of the epistemic life of Western intellectual systems, it has been reflected in the compilation of the Islamic Encyclopaedia, as stated explicitly in the first edition of the Islamic Encyclopaedia. Based on this assumption and far from portraying Islamophobia, the current descriptive-analytical study is based on historical articles related to the beginning of Islam (EI2). It attempts to trace, analyze, and explain biased approaches to depicting Islam through the Islamic encyclopedia. The authors of the entries used the othering approach, the economy-oriented approach, the skeptical approach, the adaptation-oriented approach, and the secular approach to create an image of Islamophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TESAM Academy Journal is the property of Tesam Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As with many good things, the idea for this special issue started with coffee and conversation. It was in Albuquerque at the first in-person Southwest Popular and American Culture Association [...]

ASSOCIATION NEWS The American Catholic Historical Association invites submissions on any topic relevant to the study of Catholicism for its 105th Annual Meeting in New York City, taking place Friday, [...]

Purpose The Korean Society of Medical Education (KSME) was founded in 1983 and celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2023. This study examines the evolution of topics discussed at KSME conferences from 1971 through 2023, highlighting shifts in the focus of medical education. Methods We analyzed 90 KSME conferences over 5 decades (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s), categorizing the topics into three eras based on emerging themes and continuity. Results Consequently, 37 topics covered at the conference were categorized. Ten topics continuously appeared from the 1970s to the 2010s, including future directions of medical education, teaching methods, faculty development, and curriculum. The topics from the 1970s to the 1990s included 14 areas, such as medical education evaluation, non-undergraduate curriculum, community-related, and research. Thirteen new topics emerged after the 2000s, such as social accountability, student support, professionalism, and quality improvements. The most common topics under innovations in medical education, a case of curriculum innovation at universities that began after 2000, were clinical clerkship, curriculum development, and medical humanities. Conclusion KSME’s selection of conference topics has been strategically aligned with societal needs and the evolving landscape of medical education. Future topics should continue to address relevant societal and educational challenges.

Talking about contemporary Arabian and African sculpture is worthy of consideration to study because we truly need to discuss "conflicts" as a concept and its impact on creating sculptural works due to these surrounding changes that peoples and societies have been experienced., when we try to monitor the artistic movement of the African and Arabian societies we find out artists have presented a contemporary concepts through their formative visions that draw our attentions especially when it comes to dealing with conflicts as a concept according to the national issues and troubles in their country , so sculpture nowadays has come to express the culture of communities more and more because the world is witnessing lots of crises and pressure which had the greatest effect on the formation of artistic vision to the Arabian and African artists and manifested in their work . Through their sculpture they were able to share their peoples in translating history that included controversial events, and that’s because they didn’t just introduce new art forms but they went deep to the core of it to express their visions and issues in an efficient way. Human topics that considered as a reflection of man's concerns and suffering in Arab and African societies are serve as a panorama to monitor and capture the events through history. That’s why the researcher shaded light on some of the successful examples and how they introduced their artistic visions to become a mixture of their creativities and humanitarian issues, Which created a breakthrough in African and Arabian sculpture and turned it to an important tool to represent the identity and the issues of each society. Art is a human phenomenon reflects the culture of the society and considered a communication tool and related to the core of the culture of this time and become the cultural expressions of the century.

Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society is pleased to announce that Cato T. Laurencin, MD, PhD, has been named the 2024 recipient of the Gold Key Award. As the […]

Purpose: The Korean Society of Medical Education (KSME) was founded in 1983 and celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2023. This study examines the evolution of topics discussed at KSME conferences from 1971 through 2023, highlighting shifts in the focus of medical education. Methods: We analyzed 90 KSME conferences over 5 decades (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s), categorizing the topics into three eras based on emerging themes and continuity. Results: Consequently, 37 topics covered at the conference were categorized. Ten topics continuously appeared from the 1970s to the 2010s, including future directions of medical education, teaching methods, faculty development, and curriculum. The topics from the 1970s to the 1990s included 14 areas, such as medical education evaluation, non-undergraduate curriculum, communityrelated, and research. Thirteen new topics emerged after the 2000s, such as social accountability, student support, professionalism, and quality improvements. The most common topics under innovations in medical education, a case of curriculum innovation at universities that began after 2000, were clinical clerkship, curriculum development, and medical humanities. Conclusion: KSME’s selection of conference topics has been strategically aligned with societal needs and the evolving landscape of medical education. Future topics should continue to address relevant societal and educational challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent threats to human security (i.e., COVID‐19 pandemic, conflicts, climate change events) call for nurses to have an increased understanding of how sociopolitical environments induce mental health problems and impact the well‐being of citizens. This study examines the relationship between national resilience and life satisfaction among Filipino emerging adults, how depression mediates this relationship, and how these correlations are moderated by gender. Drawing from an online survey sample of 1020 Filipino emerging adults (18–29 years old), this cross‐sectional study utilised a moderated mediation analysis. Key constructs were measured using the short version of the National Resilience Scale (NR‐13), the depression component of the Kessler Psychological Distress (K10) scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Gender was measured as sex assigned at birth. Descriptive results show that more than half of the respondents are female (64.2%) and demonstrate below‐average levels of national resilience and depression, and high levels of life satisfaction. Also, findings indicate that depression has significant negative relationships with, and partially mediates the positive relationship between national resilience and life satisfaction. Moreover, moderation analysis results suggest that being female synergizes the negative relationship between depression and life satisfaction, and being male strengthens the positive relationship between national resilience and life satisfaction (p < 0.01). The results highlight how the national resilience of emerging adults neutralises their risk for depression and, ultimately, improves life satisfaction. Moreover, the findings emphasise the importance of nursing advocacy actions to ensure that social policies for improving public mental health are gender‐sensitive, given that macro‐social and psychological factors have varied effects on individuals' lives based on gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research at the intersection of social science and genomics, 'sociogenomics', is transforming our understanding of the interplay between genomics, individual outcomes and society. It has interesting and maybe unexpected implications for education research and policy. Here we review the growing sociogenomics literature and discuss its implications for educational researchers and policymakers. We cover key concepts and methods in genomic research into educational outcomes, how genomic data can be used to investigate social or environmental effects, the methodological strengths and limitations of genomic data relative to other observational social data, the role of intergenerational transmission and potential policy implications. The increasing availability of genomic data in studies can produce a wealth of new evidence for education research. This may provide opportunities for disentangling the environmental and genomic factors that influence educational outcomes and identifying potential mechanisms for intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article paints a vivid picture of late-eighteenth-century Breslau and places the Jewish writer Esther Gad, who was married to local tradesman Samuel Bernard in 1791, in the city's sociable life. Mentioning Gad's many contacts to writers and philosophers such as Christian Garve, Jean Paul, and Elisa von der Recke, the article singles out Esther Gad's friendship with Rahel Levin Varnhagen, who visited Breslau in 1794 and described her impressions of the city in letters to her family. In 1798, Gad joined her friend in Berlin, seeking for opportunities in the Prussian capital she did not have in her Silesian hometown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students of early Christianity have debated the question of how Christians organized themselves in taking care of the poor who died, in comparison with their Greco-Roman cultural counterparts. The question has centered specifically on the place of the collegia in early Christianity. On the one hand, some argue that Christians formed their own collegia akin to Christian churches in order to skirt the pre-Constantinian legal status of the church. On the other hand, some hold that Christians could not participate in the secular setting of the collegia. This article argues that not only did early Christians participate in the collegia, but, significantly, this participation helped them prepare to deal with future plagues such as the one that took place between ca. 251 and 266. Additionally, while earlier scholarship on the issue tended to emphasize those associations that were mainly organized by official Roman law, later scholarship has recognized the more private ones as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change is an inevitable fact of all communities and all institutions that make up societies. Religion as a social organization that brings social orders into being and keeps them together is anything but a section and a crucial factor of social change. A change event that may occur in an existing part of the social structure may eventually affect almost all the infrastructures in the existing structure system. Alongside with the modernism (before and after); It's obviously true that a rapid and effective change process is experienced in almost every field in all societies affected by the process. In the functioning of the aforementioned process, religious perceptions and tendencies gradually change in this phenomenon, as well.. As it is known, important events that occur in social systems can cause sudden and surprise needs and a number of problems aimed at meeting these needs, and these emerging problems affect almost all institutions, including religion, and force themselves to adapt to change. The institution of religion, which is an important element of the social order, is almost in contact with the whole of this system. Religion is accepted as an effective system that performs absolute functions that are important for the ongoing social order. The reflection of some goals and needs of the social order is seen in the functions of the phenomenon of religion and in the structures it creates in order to fulfill these functions. The purpose of this study is to understand the complex relationship between religion and change. For this purpose, first of all, conceptual analyzes were made and the subject of social change was examined. Then, the functions of the phenomenon of religion in the process of social change have been discussed. Thus, this study is important in terms of defining social change, religion and change phenomenon and determining what they are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of an organization that learns "learning organization" is one of the most mentioned ideas in management, representing a subject of great interest for theorists in the field and for those involved in the functioning of organizations. The actuality of the topic consists in the fact that today learning has an important role within organizations. Learning and teamwork are highly encouraged in order to achieve common goals and to achieve the results that the members of the organizations really want. In contemporary times, society is in a continuous process of change. Under these conditions, the school must develop its ability to change to the new in order to face the challenges so that its role as a factor in the development of society becomes more and more obvious. Thus, permanent learning appeared as a reaction to the rapid transformations taking place in society, representing at the same time a necessity and a solution. The school is part of the category of organizations that learn, it being different from the others due to the specificity of the dominant activity, namely the instructive-educational process. In this article, we addressed the main characteristics existing in the specialized literature that define the learning organization, the school as a learning organization, as well as the identification of the existence of a possible relationship between the personal factors of teachers and the strategies that make the school a learning organization. The results illustrate the necesity of a correlation factors, such as function, teaching degree, seniority at work, with the strategies that make the school a learning organisation. In the table below we can see that the education level of the teaching staff is the only variable that does not correlate with the strategies that make a school a learning organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the resilience of stable state societies amidst apocalyptic forces, particularly examining the influence of economic growth and technological advancement on their sustainability. It discusses the potential collision between these forces and the values essential for stability, balance, and continuity within societies. It explores the challenges posed by exponential economic growth and autonomous technological development.

Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modernization is a progressive cause, but western modernization has increasingly caused hidden dangers and crises of Chinese path to modernization. Marx and Engels criticized the political economy of capitalist countries and revealed the inevitable trend of human society ultimately moving towards communism in the Communist Manifesto, which actually revealed the progressive logic of Western modernization centered on capital. On the contrary, Chinese path to modernization is a progressive way of investigating the substantive content of social and historical reality with "real empirical science" to promote the practice of the principle of historical materialism, which contains a progressive concept based on "historicity" and aimed at creating a new form of Marxism sinicization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology (CTJPP) / Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi is the property of Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology (CTJPP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Youth homelessness presents a complex and persistent challenge worldwide, particularly affecting young adults between 16 and 24 years of age in the US and Canada. This population faces elevated risks of exploitation, victimization, and various health issues upon detachment from familial support structures. Understanding the multi-faceted nature of youth homelessness requires the consideration of individual, structural, and systemic factors within the socio-ecological model. Historically, when examining youth homelessness, traditional methods have concentrated either on individual factors contributing to homelessness or on broader structural issues within society. The emergence of the new orthodoxy attempted to bridge the apparent gap between individual- and structural-level factors by considering both to be equally significant, but it faced skepticism for its theoretical framework. In response, the "pathways" approach gained traction, emphasizing the subjective experiences and agency of youth experiencing homelessness. Departing from conventional epidemiological models, the pathways approach views homelessness as a dynamic process intertwined with individual life contexts. This paper navigates the scholarly discourse on youth homelessness and examines the distinct characteristics of the pathways approach. By exploring its implications for research and policy, this study contributes to a nuanced understanding of youth homelessness and informs future prevention-focused interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the process of gestation, consolidation, and transformation of document appraisal in Colombia, based on a review of archival regulations. It is organized in four stages; the first one presents the background of the process related to the government's interest in the documentary heritage as a source of national identity; the second deals with the gestation of the process and the creation of its archival instruments; the third one responds to the consolidation as a result of the modification of procedures and instruments with the General Law on Archives as a framework; and the fourth focuses on the transformation of the process as a result of the impact of ICT on the production of archival documents. This journey allows identifying the relationship between the appraisal process and the interests of society, highlighting procedural issues in its application, to recognize the growth of the discipline over time and to emphasize the importance of studying the process continuously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-World War II availability of commercial spectrometers spurred the development of professional spectroscopic societies: The Infrared and Raman Discussion Group in the UK, the Coblentz Society, and the Society for Applied Spectroscopy in the USA. There was a desire to ensure that customers understood the instrumentation and techniques, became part of a community, and had access to the latest subject matter knowledge. With the advent of low-cost routine instruments, and portable instruments in the field, professional societies have a distinct role to play in education and training, especially as libraries deaccession (withdraw) even comparatively recent books on practical spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do societies remember historical political violence? We draw on an original dataset of more than 150 memorialization projects proposed by truth commissions in 28 post-violence countries, from 1970 to 2018. These projects include the removal of monuments, installation of museums, inauguration of national days of remembrance, and more. Truth commission recommendations data allows us to not only consider memory sites once established, but also to examine blueprints for the types of memory that could have been made. We develop a typology and inductively generate a theory of the political contests and conflicts that different memory projects are likely to trigger—contests and conflicts that we expect influence the likelihood of project initiation and completion. We conduct an initial probe of the theory using our new data. In so doing, we offer the first systematic, global study of setting and implementing the memorialization agenda in post-violence societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the activities and achievements of the Southern Historical Association which s in its ninetieth year. It notes that the the association is an organization that serves its members 3 65 days of the year. It also mentions the association's virtual programming which include the Junior Scholars Fellows program, the Second Book Writers Workshop, and the new Classic Texts in Southern History book discussion.

Copyright of Etnolingual is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the era of post-truth as a phenomenon of socio-political discourse and practice, when the truth or falsity of facts and judgments is ignored. The beginning of the post-truth era is usually associated with 2016, namely the referendum and the Brexit procedure, the election of the US president (directly because of the figure of D. Trump). The post-truth era refers to a situation where everything is completely built on lies that do not cause public condemnation. A peculiarity is the manifestation of these signs among democratic countries. The philosophical origins of the post-truth era lie in the theory of subjective relativism, which denies the existence of absolute, objective truth and emphasizes that the status of truth depends on individual judgments, experiences, and cultural conditions. In the context of relativism, science is only one perspective on the world that has the same force and influence of arguments with religion, myths, judgments and personal experiences of the average person. The concept of equality of opinions and points of view is intertwined with the problem of the limits of freedom of speech: whether different opinions should really be broadcast in society, regardless of evidence. Characteristic features of post-truth are: a) ignoring objective facts in reporting; b) appeal to the values and beliefs of the individual; c) using emotional pressure to argue one's position. It is substantiated that the emergence and development of the post-truth era is determined by technological, political, philosophical and informational factors. It is considered how the post-truth era affects the political, educational, scientific and other spheres, which significantly reduces their effectiveness. Disinformation as part of the post-truth is a significant challenge for ordinary citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the study of emotions, demonstrating their importance in understanding diverse human and social dynamics. However, as this field of study develops and diversifies, a structural yet simple question remains virtually undiscussed: Is it really possible to say that societies possess emotions or a certain sensitivity akin to individual experiences? This exploratory study, based on documentary analysis, endeavours to identify and examine emotional patterns across six different periods, spanning from the Middle Ages to the present day. Among the eight secondary findings, three fundamental conclusions stand out: (1) throughout history, societies have experienced different emotional atmospheres, sometimes simultaneously; (2) although societies generally propose an emotional model to follow, the reality does not always conform to it; and (3) it is mainly through the culture that society creates a certain emotional harmony, allowing the social body to remain cohesive and develop, thus postponing or preventing its disintegration. This study aims to offer a modest contribution to the complex and under-explored discussion on the correlation between specific emotional climates and particular social contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes three basic positions that have been held in relation to the place of religious ideas and reasons in public square deliberation by outlining the arguments of major representatives of each position. The three positions are: 'obligatory relegation' (Robert Audi); 'willing translation' (John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas), and 'unreserved declaration' (Nicholas Wolterstorff and Charles Taylor). I conclude by offering an observation from the survey. Even as the question of the place of religious ideas in public square deliberation can be approached from either broader domains of the secularisation/post-secularisation of societies or the essence of liberal democracy, it is not the domain itself but rather specific conceptions of key ideas or notions within each domain that push the representatives to take the position that they do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociology Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Everything around us changes rapidly and to adapt to these constantly changing conditions and to understand the meaning of our life in the society in which we live, we must reflectively and consciously think about our actions in each given scenario. A school is a miniature form of society where learners are exposed to situations where they need to find solutions for every problem faced. No faultless solution and conclusions can be arrived at without a carefully employed reflective thinking process. In this context, the present study reviewed 19 intervention studies on reflective thinking in schools published between 2010 and 2021 and presents a brief summary. Various theories on reflective thinking, approach of educationists on reflective thinking of students and the relation between reflective thinking and students' academic performance, are extensively analyzed. The findings of the study reveal that there are a few generally accepted theories of reflective thinking; reflection is a useful learning strategy and reflective thinking is an essential characteristic of academic excellence. This study recommends future research with a wider scope to accommodate more theoretical perspectives and wide-ranging databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social support is one of the most important areas around which research on intergenerational ties is focused. These, in turn, are most often shaped on the basis of family ties. The lockdown periods during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 significantly reduced the frequency of contacts with immediate family members living separately (parents, children). But what did this impact look like in terms of social support? Were there any noticeable differences in the scope of social support provided to parents and adult children? Did lockdowns result in one of these groups receiving support from relatives more often than the other? In order to answer the questions posed in this way, the author analyzed existing data from the SHARE Corona Survey 1 and SHARE Corona Survey 2. In these surveys, respondents aged 50 and over were asked questions such as how often they helped their parents or children living separately with necessary matters. The next questions concerned the frequency of personal care provided to parents and children. The results indicate that respondents were more likely to support their parents than their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just six decades ago, the world was experiencing remarkably high population growth rates, which led to the coining of the term 'demographic bomb' to describe concerns associated with population size. At the time, the global population was three billion. Since then, an extra billion people have been added every 12 years. However, the pre-eminent demographic challenge of the twenty-first century is population ageing, a global, irreversible and unprecedented trend. The number of people aged 65 and over has almost doubled since the turn of the century and currently accounts for 10% of the global population. An extra billion people are expected to age into the older category within the next 35 years. In Europe, half of the population is above 45 years of age, and the number of those above 65 years old is greater than the number of children under 15. Commonly referred to as the 'silver tsunami', it is feared that the increasing number of older people will have a destructive impact on economies and social systems. Never before have our lives been longer, our families smaller and our societies more multigenerational. The new reality of longevity requires a shift in how we approach ageing. This article explores ways to cope with the challenges of the silver era we are heading towards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the Human Condition, Cultures, and Societies institutional outcome at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) and highlights the connection between the outcome and the 2024 National Character and Leadership Symposium (NCLS) theme. Each year, the symposium provides the USAFA community and visitors the opportunity to learn from and engage with nationally recognized speakers. Interactions allow participants to contemplate not only the importance of valuing the human condition but also engage concertedly and compassionately with others. Every four years, the NCLS theme is rooted in the institutional outcome of the Human Condition, Cultures, and Societies. This year's theme places particular emphasis on precisely the need to know oneself, know others, and to elevate performance through constructive engagement to make a difference, namely learning what each can and must do to value the human condition and human beings. The authors explore how USAFA operationalizes the importance of understanding the human condition as participants transition from the academic classroom to the field to the Air Force and Space Force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of obscenity in colonial India is a multifaceted and complex subject that intertwines notions of morality, culture, law, and power dynamics. Obscenity, defined as material that is offensive or morally repugnant, was a contested terrain during the colonial period as it is now, reflecting the clash between what was claimed as indigenous traditions and the values imposed by British colonial authorities. Notions of Victorian morality played a huge role in conditioning a section of Indian society to apply similar standards in India. This paper explores the nuances of obscenity in colonial India, examining its manifestations, the responses it elicited, its implications for society, and mainly its contestations in the legal arena. By looking at the obscenity trials of Sadat Hasan Manto and Ismat Chughtai, this paper will also try to highlight the complexities of the artistic process, which was often at loggerheads with forces that tried to regulate and reshape what was socially and culturally permissible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perspectives on Culture / Perspektywy Kultury is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The epidemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus announced in Poland was connected with huge restrictions and limitations for individual citizens, society as a whole, and many industries. The restrictions also affected the faithful and members of religious communities, who were unable to directly participate in religious services due to the limits for participants. The situation also posed a challenge for Catholic priests, who had to take measures to reach the faithful with religious services in cases of limitations placed on direct contact. The paper analyses the communication activities undertaken by priests of the Diocese of Rzeszow, implemented as a consequence of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research work assumes that the pandemic provided the impetus for greater use of tools from the field of new technologies in relation to the faithful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Scientific research promotes the development of essential skills for medical practice. However, student participation in research projects is low, with multiple limitations and students' perceptions of deficient research skills. This study aims to describe the organization of the two medical student conferences held by the Scientific Society of Medical Students of the Universidad de Valparaíso and to analyze the papers presented. Finally, we make recommendations for promoting scientific research among medical students. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, including all the presentations given at the conferences. Results The conferences comprised four phases: registration, evaluation, selection, and presentation. A total of 399 papers were received. A total of 157 case reports and 12 cross-sectional studies were presented, including 797 authors (56.7% women) from 21 universities. Most of the first authors were women in the internship cycle at public universities. The specialties with the highest representation were internal medicine (32.5%), pediatrics (18.3%) and surgery (13%). In the case reports, the best-evaluated section was the title (6.66 ± 0.76), and the worst-evaluated section was the discussion (6.17 ± 0.84). The case reports from private universities scored significantly higher in six of the eight items assessed. Conclusions Greater participation was represented by students in their internship cycle presenting case reports. The worst evaluated section was the discussion, which could reflect difficulties in the research process. It is crucial to increase student participation from the first years of the career and encourage their involvement in research. More studies are needed to evaluate student participation and barriers to scientific research.

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