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Držanje i eksploatacija nerastova na komercijalnim farmama imaju za cilj proizvodnju doza sperme za sopstvenu upotrebu. Životni vek nerastova a samim tim i dužina njihove eksploatacije u velikoj meri zavise od njihovog zdravstvenog stanja. Zbog toga kontrola zdravstvenog stanja nerastova, kontrola kvaliteta sperme za veštačko osemenjavanje kroz nadzor nad celokupnim procesom od uzimanja sperme do kvaliteta osemenjivačke doze, optimizacija ambijentalnih i sveobuhvatnih uslova držanja (smeštaj, mikroklimat, ishrana, napajanje, odnos zaposlenih), predstavljaju važne parametre sa aspekta zdravstvene kontrole samih nerastova, zdravstvene kontrole čitavog zapata ali i ekonomskih parametara produktivnosti farme kao i rentabilnosti čitave proizvodnje. Jedan od često prisutnih zdravstvenih probelma predstavljaju oboljenja lokomotornog sistema nerastova koji na farmama komercijalnog tipa imaju najveće učešće kada su u pitanju uzroci isključenja nerastova iz procesa proizvodnje. Problemi se često javljaju već posle prvog skoka, kao posledica slabe okoštalosti hrsakvice butne kosti (raskrečenost zadnjih nogu). Kod mladih zdravih nerastova šepanje nastaje kao rezltat oštećenja jastučića papaka i prskanja rožine infekcije. Kao posledica smeštaja na betonskoj podlozi javljaju se poremećaji u stavovima nogu, krivljenje distalnih delova ekstremiteta i posledična šepavost, odbijanje skoka i isključenje takvih nerastova na samom početku eksploatacije. U toku eksploatacije nerasta treba omoguciti da ishrana obezbedjuje njegov razvoj i normalnu priplodnu kondiciju. Priplodna kondicija se obezbedjuje precizno normiranom i kontroloisanom ishranom.

Pored prirodnih resursa i nasleđa o značajnosti uzgoja svinja u Republici Srbiji decenijama unazad broj svinja beleži konstantan pad. Pre svega se pad uočava u broju priplodnih grla – krmača i prasadi, što dovodi i do oscilacija u broju tovljenika. I dok se privrednici u oblasti svinjarske proizvodnje u Republici Srbiji (farmeri, klaničari, trgovci svinjama) suočavaju sa ograničenim mogućnostima za izvoz, praćenim kontinuiranim uvozom svinjskog mesa, na osnovu naučnih saznanja i dugih istraživanja od oko 40 godina, na tržištu EU razvila se svest o značajnosti dobrobiti svinja. Dobrobit životinja postaje prioritet za Evropsku uniju, ne samo zbog potrebe za poboljšavanjem kvaliteta života životinja, odnosno svinja, što je u skladu sa očekivanjima stanovništva, već je u skladu i sa zahtevima tržišta. Prostim povezivanjem, hrana poreklom od svinja, koja je evropskog visokog kvaliteta prepoznatljiva na tržištu, pogoduje zdravlju potrošača i istivremeno zadovoljava potrebe dobrobiti ovih životinja. Opšti kvalitet prevoza svinja je vremenom takođe poboljšan, time je broj životinja koje se prevoze, sa povredama ili iscrpljenjem značajno smanjen. Na godišnjem nivou, oko 28 miliona svinja, prevozi se i duže od 8 sati (trajanje puta), teritorijom EU. Kao najveći svetski uvoznik i izvoznik prehramebnih proizvoda, uopšte, Evropska unija aktivno je uključena u rad Svetske organizacije za zdravlje životinja (OIE), dosledno podržavajući rad na razvoju smernica za dobrobit životinja. U ovom radu, želimo skrenuti pažnju na značaj poboljšanja primene standarda EU u oblasti dobrobiti svinja, koja predstavlja dodatnu vrednost u trgovini proizvodima poreklom od svinja, ali pruža i mogućnost za poboljšanje proizvodnje svinja i njihovog održivog uzgoja.

Ideja ovog opisnog istraživanja je bila je da se dovedu u vezu različiti tehnološki postupci u gajenju svinja i njihov potencijalni uticaj na nastanak ezofagogastrričnog ulkusa. Na farmi “A” gde se primenjuje zatvoren sistem proizvodnje i životinje koje dolaze na klanje pripadaju istoj proizvodnoj partiji, broj nađenih ulkusa nije toliko značajan u odnosu na ukupan broj pregledanih uzoraka. Pa se može tvrditit da na ovoj farmi ezofagogastrični ulkus nije stalno prisutan kod svinja i da se promene javljaju sporadično. Na klanici “B” nađen je veći broj uzoraka mogao bi se pripisati dodatnim manipulacijama a time i stresu kojem su ove životinje izložene. S obzirom da su svinje poticale sa različitih manjih ili većih gazdinstava, dopremane su do klanice transportnim sredstvima i mešane sa drugim životinjama različitih kategorija, ne može se isključiti mogućnost da su takvi dodatni faktori mogli prouzrokovati progresiju već postojeće alteracije i dovesti do nastanka ulkusa.

Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease with worldwide distribution. With regards to the population of stray dogs, the disease is facilitated due to their lifestyle and the lack of anti-parasitic protection. The aim of this study was to provide serological data on the presence of a specific Ehrlichia canis IgG antibodies in stray dogs, originating from 7 municipalities in Serbia. During the period from April 2013 to June 2014, 217 canine sera were submitted to the laboratory of the Department of Infectious Diseases of Animals and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Belgrade. An immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was performed to detect antibodies to Ehrlichia canis (cut off, 1: 50). Seropositive dogs were found in 5 out of 7 counties with a seroprevalence varying from 3.57% to 20% and an overall seroprevalence of 11.06% (24/217). There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of infection and the host age or gender. Results showed that stray dogs contribute to maintaining and spreading of Ehrlichia canis in Serbia. Due to the close relationship between people and dogs, it is of great importance to constantly monitor and improve prevention of this disease.

Critical indicators of intensive production in hog raising are continuity of production, high level of produced series-tours, application of the most contemporary technological achievements without any turnover of capital, high merchandise turnover, and intensive usage of the reproduction potential of breeding material. Production of piglets represents one of the most essential phases in the production of pork meat. In spite of genetic factors, duration of interval wean-conception is one of the basic factors in determination of bringing forth indexes and number of piglets per litter. In order to recognize production costs of piglets completely we found nutrition costs for piglets and sows represent 61%, while other costs such as personal incomes, veterinary services, water, energy, losses, and amortization represent 39% of total costs. On the basis of cost price per feeding day of a sow and the number of piglets per litter, production costs of piglets older than 28 days with an average body weight of 7 kg were determined. Price cost per piglet after weaning, with 7 kg average body weight, and 146 days of reproduction process accounts for 21,78 EUR if there are 10 piglets in a litter. If the reproductive cycle would last exactly the same and if successful conception would be achieved 25 days after weaning, production cost per piglet would be 23,79 EUR.

Ticks and fleas infestation is the most common ectoparasitic condition of dogs with worldwide distribution. In period 2011-2013 we performed preliminary study on the biodiversity of ticks and flea of dogs, from the Western Balkan area. Parasites were collected from dogs in veterinary practices from several cities in various part of Serbia, Macedonia, Republic Srpska (BiH) and Montenegro. During of the study of relative abundance analysis revealed that the species Ixodes ricinus was absolutely dominant, followed by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor marginatus and D. reticulatus. At same examinations three flea species were found at dogs Ctenocephalides felis felis was the most abundant, followed by Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans.

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis with worldwide distribution. This disease is facilitated among stray dogs due to their lifestyle and the absence of immunoprophylaxis. The aim of the present study was to provide serological data on the presence of certain serovars of Leptospira spp., which are assumed to circulate in the population of stray dogs in Serbia. During a period of 3 years (from April 2010 to June 2013), 1045 canine sera originating from 11 shelters were submitted to the laboratory of the Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Diseases of Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade. A microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed to detect antibodies to Leptospira (cutoff, 1: 100). The overall seroprevalence was 5.45% (57/1045) and the most prevalent Leptospira serovars were Icterohaemorrhagiae 33.3% (19/57), Pomona 29.8% (17/57), Canicola 14.0% (8/57), Grippotyphosa 3.5% (2/57), Bataviae 1.7 % (1/57), and Sejroe 1.7% (1/57). All dogs were seronegative for antibodies against serovars Australis and Bratislava. The results showed that stray dogs contribute to the spread and maintenance of Leptospira spp. in Serbia. Due to close contact with humans it is very important to improve the prevention of leptospirosis in dogs and support a One Health approach.

Successful milk production is based on proper calf rearing, especially the youngest categories. However, the intensive production can result in oversights that can have very negative effects on the survival of calves and their further growth. In order to reduce mortality and to improve rearing conditions for calves, different welfare assessment systems have been offered. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has developed a risk analysis approach to analysis of calf welfare. In this paper, data on young calves’ mortality, morbidity and elements regarding colostrum management risk assessment at three Serbian large dairy farms were considered. The study was carried out during one year and data were collected from the farm records and by survey of employees. According to the results, calves mortality in the first 7 days of life ranged from 1.57% to 3.79% at the year level, and the most frequent causes of death were enteritis and bronchopneumonia. Risk related to colostrum management in all three farms was present, and may affect the quantity and quality of colostrum that calves received were not adequate. As the major failures at most of the farms the follows can be highlighted: lack of monitoring of ingested colostrum quantity and assessment of colostrum quality with a colostrometer and lack of routine supply of adequate stocks of frozen colostrum. The results pointed on procedures of colostrum management in which changes should be made, in aim to improve health and welfare of calves and production results as well.

The concept of modern industrial production of pigs on commercial farms is based, among other things, on the implementation of biosecurity measures as well as solving problems of environmental protection, which greatly burden the production. It is well known that good health is a prerequisite for good pig reproduction, that is, a successful and profitable production. The health status of the herd depends on many factors such as the maintenance technology, nursing, nutrition, organization, level of staff training and systematic implementation of good health care policies. Today, we are witnessing high incidence of bacterial diseases, viral etiology and certain parasites that seriously affect the pig production in intensive farming conditions. Keeping such diseases under control is possible only by applying appropriate prophylactic and therapeutic measures, as well as by increased monitoring by professional services., Koncept savremene industrijske proizvodnje svinja na komercijalnim farmama zasnovan je, između ostalog i na sprovođenju biosigurnosnih mera, kao i na rešavanju problema ekološke zaštite koji u velikoj meri opterećuju proizvodnju. Poznato je da dobro zdravlje svinja predstavlja preduslov dobre reprodukcije, odnosno uspešne i profitabilne proizvodnje u svinjarstvu. Zdravstveni status stada zavisi od velikog broja činilaca, kao što su tehnologija držanja, nege, ishrane, organizacija, stepen obučenosti kadrova kao i sistematsko sprovođenje mera zdravstvene zaštite. Danas smo svedoci da veliki broj oboljenja bakterijske, virusne etiologije kao i pojedine parazitoze mogu ozbiljno ugroziti proizvodnju svinja u intenzivnom uzgoju. Ove bolesti moguće je primenom profi laktičkih i terapeutskih mera, kao i pojačanim nadzorom stručnih službi držati pod kontrolom.

The concept of modern industrial production of pigs on commercial farms is based, among other things, on the implementation of biosecurity measures, as well as solving problems of environmental protection, which greatly burden the production. It is well known that good health is a prerequisite of good pig reproduction or successful and profitable production of pig. The health status of the herd depends on many factors, such as the maintenance technology, nursing, nutrition, organization, level of staff training and the systematic implementation of health care. Today we are witnessing a large number of bacterial diseases, diseases of viral etiology and certain parasites that can seriously affect the production of pigs in intensive farming. These diseases require applying prophylactic and therapeutic measures, as well as increased surveillance of professional services to keep under control. Biosecurity, welfare, good manufacturing practices and risk analysis at critical control points are very important elements in intensive pig production and using of biosecurity measures is critical to protecting the health and success of the production.

The disease caused by the West Nile virus (WNV) has been known since 1937 when it was described for the first time in Uganda. After spreading to Europe and the Middle East, the disease has changed its primary location. Today WN infection is a significant health problem in the world. As a result of the current epizootiological and epidemiological situation in Europe studies on the occurrence of WND were introduced in Serbia, also. The investigation on the presence of WNV antibodies was intensified in the period from 2008 to 2012. In this period a total of 3618 serum samples were tested from 18 localities (2736 animal sera from 8 different species and 882 human sera samples). The method applied was gel immunodiffusion and the representative samples were confirmed by the plaque reduction test (PRNT-90). Out of the total number of samples WNV antibodies were present in 3.97% horses, 0.93% dogs, 0.31% poultry and 1.36% man. In one horse serum sample there was a positive reaction with a positive control serum, thus indicating the presence of WNV antigen. The results have confirmed that WNV antibodies are present in 9 out of 18 tested locations in the Republic of Serbia. The percentage of seropositive samples varies from 0.42% in Pozarevac (horses and humans) up to 6.45% in Novi Pazar (dogs). Out of the investigated species the highest seropositivity was recorded in horses (3.97%), and lowest in poultry (0.31%). WNV is present and widespread in the Republic of Serbia, thus enabling distribution mapping., Bolest koju izaziva virus Zapadnog Nila (WNV) je poznata još od 1937. kada je po prvi put opisana u Ugandi. Posle širenja virusa u Evropu i na Bliski istok, bolest je promenila prvobitnu lokaciju. Danas je WN infekcija značajan zdravstveni problem u svetu. Kao rezultat trenutne epizootiološko-epidemiološke situacije u Evropi, uvedena su istraživanja prisustva WNV i u Srbiji. Istraživanja prisustva antitela za WNV intenzivirana su u periodu od 2008. do 2012. godine. U ovom periodu ukupno je ispitano 3618 seruma sa 18 lokaliteta (2736 seruma životinja, od 8 različitih vrsta i 882 seruma ljudi). Korišćen je metod imunodifuzije u gelu a reprezentativni uzorak potvrđen je testom neutralizacije plaka (PRNT- 90). Od ukupnog broja uzoraka na prisustvo antitela za WNV bilo je pozitivno 3,97% konja, 0,93% pasa, 0,31% domaće živine i 1,36% ljudi. U serumu jednog konja pojavila se pozitivna reakcija sa pozitivnim kontrolnim serumom, ukazujući na prisustvo antigena WNV. Dobijeni rezultati su potvrdili da su antitela za WNV prisutna u 9 od 18 ispitivanih lokacija u Republici Srbiji. Procenat seropozitivnih varira od 0.42% u Požarevcu (konji i ljudi) do 6,45% u Novom Pazaru (psi). Od ispitivanih vrsta najveća seropozitivnost je registrovana kod konja (3,97%), a najniža kod živine (0,31%). Raspoloživi podaci ukazuju da je WNV prisutan i značajno raširen u Republici Srbiji, što je omogućilo i mapiranje njegovog širenja.

Bolest koju izaziva virus Zapadnog Nila (WNV) je poznata još od 1937. kada je po prvi put opisana u Ugandi. Posle širenja virusa u Evropu i na Bliski istok, bolest je promenila prvobitnu lokaciju. Danas je WN infekcija značajan zdravstveni problem u svetu. Kao rezultat trenutne epizootiološko-epidemiološke situacije u Evropi, uvedena su istraživanja prisustva WNV i u Srbiji. Istraživanja prisustva antitela za WNV intenzivirana su u periodu od 2008. do 2012. godine. U ovom periodu ukupno je ispitano 3618 seruma sa 18 lokaliteta (2736 seruma životinja, od 8 različitih vrsta i 882 seruma ljudi). Korišćen je metod imunodifuzije u gelu a reprezentativni uzorak potvrđen je testom neutralizacije plaka (PRNT- 90). Od ukupnog broja uzoraka na prisustvo antitela za WNV bilo je pozitivno 3,97% konja, 0,93% pasa, 0,31% domaće živine i 1,36% ljudi. U serumu jednog konja pojavila se pozitivna reakcija sa pozitivnim kontrolnim serumom, ukazujući na prisustvo antigena WNV. Dobijeni rezultati su potvrdili da su antitela za WNV prisutna u 9 od 18 ispitivanih lokacija u Republici Srbiji. Procenat seropozitivnih varira od 0.42% u Požarevcu (konji i ljudi) do 6,45% u Novom Pazaru (psi). Od ispitivanih vrsta najveća seropozitivnost je registrovana kod konja (3,97%), a najniža kod živine (0,31%). Raspoloživi podaci ukazuju da je WNV prisutan i značajno raširen u Republici Srbiji, što je omogućilo i mapiranje njegovog širenja., The disease caused by the West Nile virus (WNV) has been known since 1937 when it was described for the first time in Uganda. After spreading to Europe and the Middle East, the disease has changed its primary location. Today WN infection is a significant health problem in the world. As a result of the current epizootiological and epidemiological situation in Europe studies on the occurrence of WND were introduced in Serbia, also. The investigation on the presence of WNV antibodies was intensified in the period from 2008 to 2012. In this period a total of 3618 serum samples were tested from 18 localities (2736 animal sera from 8 different species and 882 human sera samples). The method applied was gel immunodiffusion and the representative samples were confirmed by the plaque reduction test (PRNT-90). Out of the total number of samples WNV antibodies were present in 3.97% horses, 0.93% dogs, 0.31% poultry and 1.36% man. In one horse serum sample there was a positive reaction with a positive control serum, thus indicating the presence of WNV antigen. The results have confirmed that WNV antibodies are present in 9 out of 18 tested locations in the Republic of Serbia. The percentage of seropositive samples varies from 0.42% in Pozarevac (horses and humans) up to 6.45% in Novi Pazar (dogs). Out of the investigated species the highest seropositivity was recorded in horses (3.97%), and lowest in poultry (0.31%). WNV is present and widespread in the Republic of Serbia, thus enabling distribution mapping.

Trihoficija je dobro poznato oboljenje kože goveda, koja je prisutna na našim farmama visoko-mlečnih krava. Klinički manifestna trihoficija dijagnostikovana je u periodu oktobar-novembar kod visoko steonih junica holštajn-frizijske rase u vezanom sistemu držanja i kod mlečnih krava ekstenzivnog uzgoja. Karakterisale su je promene na koži glave kod obolelih grla, u vidu okrugle bezdlačne mase pokrivene belim ljuspicama debljine 0,5-1,0 cm. Papilomatoza je virusno oboljenje koju prouzrokuje DNK virus iz porodice Papovaviridae. Prouzrokuje oboljenje kod svih preživara, a smatra se da ima i karakter zoonoze. Papilomatoza je utvrđena na jednoj farmi visoko-mlečnih krava, sa promenama u vidu fibropapiloma na glavi i vratu. Učestalost pojave i karakter ovih oboljenja ukazuju na značaj obezbeđenja uslova gajenja goveda., Dermatomycosis is well known skin disease of cattle. Clinically manifested dermatomycosis diagnosed in period from october to november in high pregnant heifers Holstein Friesian race in tied housing, and in dairy cows on the farm with extensive breeding.. Characterized by lesions on the skin of the head in patients with head, in the form of round hairless mass covered with white flakes from 0.5 to 1.0 cm thick. Papillomatosis is a viral disease caused by DNA virus of the family Papovaviridae. Cause disease in all ruminants, and is considered to have the character of zoonosis. Papillomatosis was found on the farm of high-producing dairy cows, and changes such as fibropapiloma the head and neck. The incidence and nature of these diseases highlight the importance of ensuring the conditions of growing cattle.

Parasites infection were permanent health problem at swine production at exensive and farm breeding. Organic breeding induced permanent contact of swine and intermeditae host of numerous parasites and those infection were more frequent at these breeding condition. In most cases there were presented biohelminths from genus Metastrongylus, nematode which cause gastritis verminosa (Ascarops strongyllinae, Physocephalus sexalatus and Hyostrongylus rubidus), Oesophagostomum spp. And Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. There were presented at lover rate of infection Acaris suum,. and other helminths., Parazitske infekcije predstavljaju stalne pratioce svinjarske proizvodnje, nezavisno od načina držanja. Organska proizvodnja i držanje uslovljavaju da svinje imaju direktan dodir sa mnoštvom prelaznih domaćina parazita a samim tim da su kod njih parazitske infekcije češće. U najvećoj meri ovde se javljaju biohelminti od kojih su najvažniji predstavnici roda Metastrongylus, uzročnici verminoznog gastrita (Ascarops strongyllinae, Physocephalus sexalatus and Hyostrongylus rubidus), Oesophagostomum spp. i Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. Ovde se takođe javljaju i Acaris suum, i drugi helminti u manjem obimu.

The total of 56 boars from 12 farm units (3 to 7 boars per farm) were used for cytological and morphological examination of semen. Large White (LW, n = 18); Swedish Landrace (SL, n = 11), Duroc (OA, n = 12); German Landrace (NL, n = 6), crossbreeds (OST, n = 9) boars were used for examination. Sperm was stained with eosin/nigrosine in one step. According to the findings of spermatozoa with protoplasmic droplets (PPD), boars were divided into groups with ≤ 10% of the PPD and the group with > 10% of the PPD. The impact of the PPD rate to number of live born piglets per litter and correlation of PPD rate and findings of live sperm with intact akcrosoma (LIA), or normal apical ridge (NAR) were investigated. Farrowin rate and abnormal sperm with tail deformities was significantly (p lt 0.05) lower in the boars younger than two years, compared to the boars older than two years (farrowing rate: 74.32% vs. 62.82%). Statistically significant correlations were found between the findings of protoplasmatic droplets (PPD) on the tail of spermatozoa in native semen and number of live born piglets per litter (r = 0.44, p = 0.001). The medium correlation within these parameters were found in the Large White (r = - 0.57, p lt 0.05, n = 18), and Duroc boars (r = 0.68, p lt 0.05, n = 12). Other boar breeds did not have significant correlation. The finding of cytoplasmic droplets on boar sperm tail is very stable and relatively easy to establish. It should be used as a practical method for control the quality of sperm as a selection parameter. ., Izvršen je citološko-morfološki pregled sperme 56 nerastova, sa 12 imanja, po 3-7 iz svakog gazdinstva. U čistoj rasi su: Veliki jorkšir (VJ, n=18); Švedski landras (ŠL, n=11); Durok (OA, n=12); Nemački landras (NL, n=6); petu grupu su činili melezi (OST, n=9). Sperma je obojena eozin-nigrozinom u jednom koraku. Prema nalazu spermatozoida sa protoplazmatskim kapljicama (PPK), nerastovi su podeljeni na grupu sa ≤ 10% PPK i grupu sa > 10% PPK. Analiziran je uticaj nalaza PPK na broj živo oprašenih prasadi u leglu i međusobna povezanost nalaza PPK i nalaza živih spermatozoida sa intaktnim akrozomom (ŽIA), odnosno normalnim akrozomalnim rubom (NAR). Oprasivost je bila statistički značajno manja kao i nalaz sekundarno abnormalnih spermatozoida, sa deformitetima repa, kod nerastova u uzrastu do dve godine (≤ 2), u odnosu na nerastove sa(> 2) godine (74,32% - 62,82%=11,50%, t-test, p lt 0,05). Statistički značajne korelacije su utvrđene između nalaza protoplazmatskih kapljica (PPK) na repu spermatozoida u nativnoj spermi i broja živorođene prasadi u leglu, (r=0,44; p=0,001; n=56). Kod rase Veliki jorkšir je srednja korelacija (r=-0,57; p lt 0,05; n=18), kod rase Durok srednja korelacija (r=0,68; p lt 0,05; n=12), a kod ostalih rasa nije bilo signifikantnih korelacija. Nalaz citoplazmatskih kapljica na repu spermatozoida nerasta je vrlo postojan i relativno lako se ustanovljava. Treba da se uvede u praksu kao parametar u kontroli kvaliteta sperme i kao selekcijski parametar. .

In the cattle raising, hog raising is one of the largest and the most important parts. Hog raising is of great importance for Serbia, especially in regions with favorable conditions for the production of corn as the main food for pigs. By analyzing the number of pigs in ten-year period, it can be established that the average number of pigs in the Republic of Serbia was 3,497,000.00 ranged from 3,165,000.00 to 3,832,000.00, with a tendency of decrease of 10,000 pigs per year. The average number of sows and pregnant gilts was 714,600.00 ± 74 730, a first-degree equations true indicates that the average annual reduction in the number of animals was 22,850. Analyzing price movements of pigs in the period 2001-2011, we conclude that the price was on average 1.86 ± 0.39 Euros, the average price of pigs being fattened in the same period was 1.32 ± 0.28 Euros, and price of maize was 0.13 ± 0.05 Euros. Analyzing the relationship between corn price and piglets price we get (rxy= -0.45) negative and low correlation coefficient, which indicates a small negative dependence of the price of piglets due to the change of the corn price. The effect of the corn price on the price of the pigs being fattened is almost negligible (rxy = 0,11). Slightly larger and positive impact has the change in the price of pigs being fattened on increasing the price of piglets (rxy = 0.59). ., U okviru stočarske proizvodnje proizvodnja svinja predstavlja jedan od najvećih i najznačajnijih delova. Svinjarska proizvodnja ima veliki značaj za Srbiju, a posebno za regione koji imaju povoljne uslove za proizvodnju kukuruza kao osnovnog energetskog hraniva za ishranu svinja Analizirajući broj svinja u desetogodišnjem ispitivanom period može se ustanoviti da je prosečan broj svinja u R Srbiji bio 3.497.000,00 sa variranjem od 3.165.000,00 do 3.832.000,00. sa tendencijom smanjenja od 10.000 grla godišnje.. Prosečan broj krmača i suprasnih nazimica bio je 714.600,00 ± 74.730, a jednačina prave prvog stepena ukazuje da je prosečno godišnje smanjenje broja grla bilo 22.850. Analizirajući kretanje cena prasadi u periodu od 2001. do 2011. godine ustanovljava se da je ona bila prosečno 1,86 ± 0,39 eura, prosečna cena tovljenika u istom periodu bila je 1,32 ± 0,28 eura, a cena kukuruza bila je 0,13 ± 0,05 eura Analizirajući vezu između cene kukuruza i cene prasadi dobijamo (rxy = -0,45) negativan i nizak koeficijent korelacije, što ukazuje na malu i negativnu zavisnost cene prasadi u odnosu na promenu cene kukuruza. Uticaj cene kukuruza na cenu tovnih svinja gotovo je zanemarljiv (rxy = 0,11). Nešto veći i pozitivan uticaj ima promena cene tovljenika na povećanje cene prasadi (rxy = 0,59). .

The results obtained in our study indicate that helminthoses dogs are a big problem inthe territory of Pozarevac, which is the vulnerability of people in these areas, is significant. At owner dogswere established Ancylostomidae spp.(39.21%), followed by Trichuris vulpis (24,43%), Taeniidae spp.(17.45%) and Toxocara canis (12.11%), but prevalence of Dipylidium caninum, Strongyloidesstercoralis and Isospora canis was low level. At non-owner (stray) dogs the presence of eggs of Toxocaracanis and Ancylostomidae spp.were established in 70% of samples, eggs of Taenia spp. in 50%,Dipylidium caninum in 30%, Trichuris vulpis and Strongyloides stercoralis in a 20% and Isospora canisoocysts in 10% of the samples.

Bolesti organa za disanje kod svinja su jedan od glavnih uzroka morbiditeta, mortaliteta i jedan od glavnih uzroka ekonomskih gubitaka. Kao rezultat takvog stanja, neophodno je blagovremeno sprovesti dijagnostiku, adekvatnu terapiju i na farmama uvoditi profilaktičke mere. Namera nam je bila da u ovom radu prikažemo proizvodne pokazatelje, kao posledicu prisustva PRRS na farmi svinja industrijskog tipa. Najveći gubici kod tovnih svinja bili su prva 3 meseca od izbijanja zaraze a u periodu od 3-12 meseci mortalitet se postepeno smanjivao. Troškovi prevencije i lečenja sekundarnih infekcija tokom 12 meseci posle izbijanja bolesti bili su u proseku oko 40 procenata veći u odnosu na period pre izbijanja bolesti. ., Respiratory disease in pigs are major cause of morbidity, mortality, and major cause of economic losses. As results of this situation, it is necessary to carry out timely diagnoses, adequate therapy and on farms established prophylactic measures. Our intention was to show in this paper, production indicators, such as consequence presence of PRRS in pig farms industrial type. The biggest losses in pigs were the first three month of out break in the period from 3-12 month mortality gradually decreased. The costs of prevention and treatment of secondary infections during the 12 month after outbreak of the disease were on average about 40% higher in the period before in relation on period before appear disease. .

In this paper we presented metabolic profile of sows from one industrial type farm. We monitored the following parameters: phosphorus, calcium, bilirubin, total protein, glucose, magnesium, and urea in blood. We found 7 sows with phosphorus level in normal range, 4 sows with hypophosphatemia and 9 with hyperphosphatemia. In 5 sows calcium values ranged within the physiological values, in 13 sows is moved above the normal values and in 2 ranged below the permissible value. Bilirubin was in all 20 sows above the permitted value. Total proteins were in 6 sows in normal range, in 13 were bellow and in 1 above upper physiological limit. State of hypoglycemia was founded in 15 sows and in 5 sows glucose levels were in physiological limits. Magnesium values were above the physiological values in 9 sows, in 6 bellow limits and in 5 was within tolerable limits. Values of urea are normal in 18 sows and above physiological limit in 2 sows.

Leptospirosis is an infective disease which represents serious health and economic problems in pig raising. The disease is caused by bacteria from genus Leptospira interrogans, which has over 250 serotypes and is isolated from most animal species and also from humans in almost every country in the world. In farm conditions the disease is seldom manifested as a clinically apparent illness. More often is manifested as reduced conception rate increased abortion rate and increased birth of dead and non-vital piglets. The leptospirosis control and eradication program was made for a state owned farm with a capacity of about 1500 sows and over 30000 fattened animals per year. The farm had an on going endemic leptospirosis infection and subsequent progressive economic losses. We detected 29,80% seropositive sows and gilts in which serotypes pomona and icterhaemorrhagiae were isolated. Serologic examination of blood was performed again after program implementation, and no positive animals were found, while production and economic results were improved. The control of leptospirosis and the eradication program for a five-year period were based on detailed quantification of economics losses. Using cost-benefit analysis the necessary inputs and planned outputs were defined, and program evolution was made on the basis of net present value and benefit/cost ratio., Leptospiroza svinja kao infektivna bolest dovodi do ozbiljnih zdravstvenih i ekonomskiih problema u razvoju svinjarstva. Bolest izaziva bakterija iz roda Leptospira koja ima preko 250 serotipova i dijagnostikovana je kod većeg broja životinja i ljudi u skoro svim zemljama sveta. Pojava bolesti na farmi se retko manifestuje u vidu jasno izraženih kliničkih simptoma, a znatno češće u vidu reproduktivnih poremećaja koji se ogledaju u smanjenoj koncepciji krmača i nazimica, povećavanju abortusa i rađanju mrtve i avitalne prasadi. Ispitivanja su izvršena na jednoj državnoj farmi kapaciteta oko 1 500 krmača i 30 000 tovljenika godišnje. Pregledom krvnih seruma krmača i nazimica ustanovljeno je prisustvo specifičnih antitela serotipa L. pomona i L. icterohaemorrhagiae kod 29,80% ispitivanih grla. Na osnovu detaljne analize ekonomskih šteta primenom cost-benefit analize urađen je program kontrole i eradikacije leptospiroze svinja za period od pet godina. Pri izradi programa definisani su potrebni inputi i autputi, a ocena programa izvršena je na osnovu neto sadašnje vrednosti i odnosa dobiti i troškova. Posle implementacije programa izvršen je serološki pregled krvi i nije utvrđeno ni jedno pozitivno grlo, a proizvodno ekonomski rezultati su značajno poboljšani.