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Purpose. The research aims to address the challenges posed by the integration of diverse methods, focusing on data collection techniques and level of detail (LoD) considerations, which facilitates the creation of detailed 3D models. The CityGML standard is employed for its ability to represent complex urban features, adapted here for mining environments. Methodology. Combining Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technologies to collect data for open-pit and underground coal mines. These data are processed to generate point clouds, which are then used to create 3D models of mining structures using Sketchup and REVIT. Finally, these models are converted into the CityGML standard using FME SAFE software. Findings. Through the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Terrestrial Laser Scanning technologies, precise point cloud data for open-pit and underground structures are acquired. CityGML serves as a suitable framework for digital mine representation, offering standardized data organization and exchange. The proposed methodology optimizes data collection and processing procedures, ensuring accuracy and efficiency in model creation. Notably, the study introduces a nuanced approach to LoD selection, considering the complexity and specific requirements of different mining structures. Originality. The article innovatively combines UAV and TLS technologies with the CityGML standard to create comprehensive 3D GIS models for coal mines operating with both open-pit and underground methods, addressing the unique challenges of modeling diverse mining structures and terrain features. Practical value. The practical value of the article lies in its provision of a systematic approach using UAV and TLS technologies, coupled with the CityGML standard, to create accurate 3D GIS models for coal mines employing both open-pit and underground methods. This methodology enhances mine management efficiency, resource estimation accuracy, and safety assessment capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dragon fruit branches are an abundant and underutilized waste released from the annual pruning of dragon fruit. In this study, dragon fruit branches were used for the first time as a raw material for producing magnetic biochar through one-pot pyrolysis. The results showed that zero-valent iron and magnetite particles were generated in the carbon matrix, providing a saturation magnetization of 5.92 emu/g. Due to FeCl3 activation, magnetic biochar possessed a total pore volume of 0.15 cm³/g and a specific surface area of 203 m²/g. Subsequently, magnetic biochar was explored as a catalyst for enhanced ozonation of sunset yellow. 95% of sunset yellow (50 ppm) was treated within 80 min at pH 7.0. From the calculation results using pseudo-first-order kinetics, the sunset yellow decolorization constant was improved by 79% by using the magnetic biochar catalyst compared to ozone alone. Overall, dragon fruit branch-derived magnetic biochar is a promising material, especially as a green catalyst, because of its magnetic separability and potential catalytic activity for the treatment of sunset yellow by ozone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect on growth performance of the addition of 5% of either linseed, fish or coconut oil to the diet of growing pigs kept on small holdings in central Vietnam. The diets were fed on six different farms; there were three animals per treatment per farm. The farmers fed a base diet according to personal choice, but were instructed to use linseed, fish and coconut oil. The diets were fed to the pigs from 70 to 130 days of age. The diets with 5% linseed oil on average contained 2.4 g α-linolenic acid/MJ of metabolizable energy (ME) and the diets with 5% fish oil on average contained 0.06 and 0.75 g eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid/MJ ME, respectively. The relative percentages of docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, α-linolenic and linoleic acid in adipose tissue were determined by the intake of the corresponding fatty acids. Dietary linseed oil vs. coconut oil significantly enhanced daily weight gain and vs. fish oil it also stimulated growth, but this effect just failed to reach statistical significance. It is concluded that extra intake of α-linolenic acid may stimulate growth in growing-finishing pigs, this effect being independent of the conversion of α-linolenic acid into eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]