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This article discusses the challenges of selecting appropriate cases for intermuscular local excision (LE) of early rectal cancer (RC) using optical diagnosis and radiological imaging. The study aimed to determine if the preservation of at least 1 mm of muscularis propria on MRI could accurately identify RC suitable for LE in the intermuscular plane. Twelve radiologists underwent training and reassessed a series of MRI scans. The results showed that the preservation of 1 mm of muscularis propria on rectal MRI is an accurate criterion that can support adequate case selection for rectal-preserving intermuscular LE of RC. [Extracted from the article]

Background Chronic diarrhea after kidney transplantation is often attributed to mycophenolic acid ( MPA) toxicity. We hypothesize that intestinal infections contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic MPA-associated diarrhea. Methods In this retrospective study, all patients ( n = 726) receiving a kidney transplant between 2000 and 2010 at the University Hospital Zurich were followed until July 2014 for occurrence of chronic diarrhea (≥4 weeks). Infectious triggers at diarrhea onset were assessed by reviewing medical history, stool microbiology, and histology of colon biopsies. Results In 46 patients (6.3% of the cohort), a total of 51 episodes of chronic diarrhea during MPA treatment were documented. The diarrhea episodes were often severe, as confirmed by significant weight loss. The cumulative incidence of chronic diarrhea was uniformly distributed throughout the post-transplant period, with 2.0%, 5.1%, and 9.6% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Evidence was found for intestinal infection at diarrhea onset in 38 episodes (74.5%). Occurrence of diarrhea onset showed a seasonal distribution with peaks in April and October/November. Specific antimicrobial treatment alone was associated with a 19% resolution rate only, whereas combination with dose reduction of MPA or switch from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium resulted in a 22.7% and 76.5% resolution rate, respectively. Change to an MPA-free regimen was associated with a 100% resolution rate. Conclusion These results provide first evidence for a contribution of intestinal infections in chronic post-transplant diarrhea associated with MPA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Epicutaneous vaccination has gained increasing interest during the past decade as it offers a safe, needle-free, and patient-friendly alternative to invasive vaccine administrations. Recently, the safety and early efficacy of epicutaneous immunotherapy were also demonstrated in patients with hay fever, as an alternative to conventional subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy ( SCIT). One major challenge to epicutaneous vaccination is the barrier function of the stratum corneum, which must be overcome either by abrasive methods or by hydration. Such barrier function of the stratum corneum also hampers the use of common adjuvants used to enhance the efficacy of vaccination. Methods In a mouse model of allergy, we tested the adjuvant potential of diphenylcyclopropenone ( DCP), a strong contact sensitizer, which is currently used for the treatment of a T cell-mediated hair loss disease ( alopezia areata). Results Diphenylcyclopropenone enhanced antigen-specific Ig G2a antibody responses as well as IL-10 cytokine production after epicutaneous immunization with ovalbumin (OVA). Epicutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy ( EPIT) with OVA and DCP also protected sensitized mice from anaphylaxis and asthma. The protective effect was more robust than that of conventional SCIT, which did not significantly alleviate the symptoms of allergy in the murine models of anaphylaxis and asthma. Conclusions This preclinical study confirmed previous clinical data that have demonstrated the potential of the skin as a target for allergen immunotherapy. The study also suggests that epicutaneous immunization or immunotherapy can be improved when an appropriate adjuvant such as DCP is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten patients with constrictive pericarditis were studied echocardiographically with specific reference to inter-ventricular septal dynamics. Abnormal movement of the interventricular septum was present in 8 patients and consisted of flattening in systole and unusual posterior motion in diastole. The aetiology of this type of movement is at present unknown but may be related to restriction of normal cardiac rotational dynamics. The interventricular septum also showed diminished degree of thickening (mean 21-2%). The amplitude of excursion was generally at the upper limit of or greater than normal. Left ventricular posterior wall amplitude of excursion was normal. Flattening of left ventricular posterior wall diastolic movement was seen in 4 patients. Right ventricular end-diastolic dimension was slightly increased (1-2 to 1-7 cm/m2) in 5 of 8 patients with abnormal septal motion, but no haemodynamic evidence of diastolic volume overload was found. Posterior pericardial thickening was noted echocardiographically when posterior calcification was present. We conclude that the most common though non-specific feature of the echocardiogram in patients with constrictive pericarditis is abnormal septal motion. Flattening of left ventricular posterior wall diastolic movement, posterior pericardial thickening, and epicardial-pericardial separation may also occur. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Presents a series of abstracts on various topics of economics published in the 1964 issue of the periodical 'Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics and Statistics,' vol. 26. Comparative study of financial development plans of some South Asian countries; Appraisal of an experiment in mixed enterprise in two financial holding companies in Italy.