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Louise S Roper,1–3 Peter Nightingale,4 Zhangjie Su,5,6 James L Mitchell,1–3 Antonio Belli,5,6 Alexandra J Sinclair1–3 1Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 2Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, 3Department of Neurology, 4Wolfson Computer Laboratory, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, 5Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 6Health Research Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, UK Background: Posttraumatic headache (PTH) occurs in up to 82% of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in 39% of those with PTH. This study evaluates whether PTSD affects PTH disability. Methods: Eighty-six patients with TBI were prospectively evaluated in a secondary care trauma center. Headache disability was assessed using the Headache Impact Test version 6 and signs indicative of PTSD using the PTSD Check List Civilian version. Results: Increased PTSD-type symptoms were significantly associated with increased headache disability (p

The scope of the problem: AIDS is now the sixth leading cause of death among reproductive-age women in the United States and the primary cause of death in young women in major cities. Its incidence is rising more rapidly among women than any other group. The 1987 case definition may have undercounted women with AIDS, which has contributed to underrecognition of the problem. So have the failure of physicians to think of HIV as a woman's problem and underestimation of the importance of heterosexual sex in trasmitting the virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to determine if the trend in substance use in this central core of a large inner-city area confirmed an increase in marijuana use among young women < 22 years of age as childbearing years were beginning or if marijuana use and harder drug use were greatest among women beyond the teens and the early second decade of life and to describe one prenatal care intervention. Statistical reports for the Special Prenatal Clinic, a Harlem clinic for women with a current or past history of substance use, were reviewed from 1985 (the clinic's inception) through March 1996 to determine the trends, patterns, and types of drug use. Findings chronicled the beginning and rise in crack cocaine use, especially after 1986, confirmed an increase in marijuana use by adolescents since 1992, and suggest that the risk for use of hard drugs increases with age, predominantly in the childbearing years. Intervention by the Special Prenatal Clinic aided case-finding, allowed for comprehensive care, offered women opportunities for behavior change, and increased their chances of keeping their babies after delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]