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Objectives: The present study was to isolate the biflavonoid (a bimolecular kaemferol structured molecule) and test its efficacy on oxidative stress and carbohydrate metabolic key enzymes in control and high fat diet and streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. Methods: Type 2 diabetes was induced in male albino wistar rats by feeding them with high fat diet comprising of 84.3% standard laboratory chow, 5% lard, 10% yolk powder, cholesterol 0.2%, and 0.5% bile salt for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the animals were kept in an overnight fast and injected with low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Results: At the end of the experimental period, diabetic control rats showed significant increase in plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with concomitant decrease in plasma insulin, total hemoglobin and body weight. The activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid peroxidation markers, antioxidant enzymes, glycogen content and glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase were also altered in diabetic rats. Discussion: Oral administration of biflavonoid to diabetic rats significantly ameliorated all the biochemical alterations to near normal levels. The effect produced by the biflavonoid on various parameters was comparable to that of metformin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosmarinic acid is a polyphenolic phytoconstituent isolated from the leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus and its structure was established by analysis of its 1H, 13C and HRMS. The effect of rosmarinic acid was evaluated by deranged plasma and tissues glycoprotein components in diabetic rats. Rosmarinic acid was administered to diabetic rats for 30 days significantly declined the levels of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin with elevation of plasma insulin and haemoglobin levels. Rosmarinic acid administration improved the glycogen content in liver and muscle tissue by reinstating the altered glycogen metabolic enzymes such as glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase. Further, the altered levels of plasma and tissue glycoprotein components were restored to near normal upon treatment with rosmarinic acid. In addition, rosmarinic acid treatment prevented body weight loss and excessive intake of food and water. The effect produced by the rosmarinic acid on various parameters was comparable to that of metformin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the present study was to screen the phytochemicals present in the Semecarpus anacardium nut milk extract- a siddha formulated drug used for various ailments. Materials and Methods: S. anacardium nut milk extract was subjected to screening of various plant constituents. Results: S. anacardium nut milk extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, phenols, triterpenoids, and phytosterols. Conclusion: These phytochemicals may be responsible for curing various diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Biologically dependable processes for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were developed in nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this present paper, green synthesis of Ag NPs was performed from aqueous silver nitrate using the fresh Ixora coccinea L., leaves extract. The formation of Ag NPs was observed by the change of color from colorless to dark brown by the addition of silver nitrate into leaves extract. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized by UV–vis, FTIR and XRD analyses. Further, the size and shapes of Ag NPs were identified by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) technique to obtain particle sizes in the range from 13 to 57nm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]