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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic continues to spread relentlessly, associated with a high frequency of respiratory failure and mortality. Children experience largely asymptomatic disease, with rare reports of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Identifying immune mechanisms that result in these disparate clinical phenotypes in children could provide critical insights into coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis. Using systems serology, in this study we observed in 25 children with acute mild COVID-19 a functional phagocyte and complement-activating IgG response to SARS-CoV-2, similar to the acute responses generated in adults with mild disease. Conversely, IgA and neutrophil responses were significantly expanded in adults with severe disease. Moreover, weeks after the resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection, children who develop MIS-C maintained highly inflammatory monocyte-activating SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, distinguishable from acute disease in children but with antibody levels similar to those in convalescent adults. Collectively, these data provide unique insights into the potential mechanisms of IgG and IgA that might underlie differential disease severity as well as unexpected complications in children infected with SARS-CoV-2. A study of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) shows maintenance of elevated levels of monocyte-activating pathogen-specific IgG not seen in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 who do not develop MIS-C., Author(s): Yannic C. Bartsch [sup.1] , Chuangqi Wang [sup.2] , Tomer Zohar [sup.1] [sup.2] , Stephanie Fischinger [sup.1] , Caroline Atyeo [sup.1] , John S. Burke [sup.1] , Jaewon Kang [...]

Home modification is essential in helping older adults age in place safely and independently. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of housing location and disability status on home modification projects among older adults using the 2019 American Housing Survey Data. The study found that recent home modification strategies were significantly different according to older adults' housing locations and health status. Older adults in non-metropolitan areas and with disability were less likely to make home modifications, and when they did so, they spent less money on the modifications. The findings highlight the importance of providing adequate home modification programs and resources for home modifications, as well as support and education from community organizations, particularly for older adults in non-metropolitan areas. The results of this study can assist in developing housing policies and guidelines to address these current and future challenges in home modification implementation for the aging population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of four different outsole patterns on frictional force and lower extremities during tennis-specific movements. (2) Methods: Four tennis shoes with different widths of outsole treads were manufactured for this study (A: all thin, B: all thick, C: laterally thin and medially thick, D: medially thick and laterally thin). The frictional force was measured during a mechanical test. Eleven male recreational tennis players participated in the study. The data were collected using sixteen infrared cameras and a force plate for a biomechanical test. (3) Results: During the mechanical test, there was a significant difference between the shoes in the forward and sideward Coefficient of Translational Friction (CoF) and clockwise rotational friction (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the maximum ankle internal rotation angle during braking motion (p < 0.05). In contrast, a significant difference in the maximum internal rotation moment of the ankle was found during forward braking motion (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Based on these results, the difference in the outsole tread width (0.6 mm) affected mechanical frictional force, but this phenomenon was less influenced by the adaptation of the lower extremity joint's movement in a tennis-specific motion. Finally, the difference in the outsole pattern affects the rotational movement and moment of the ankle joint. Thus, any slight change in friction by modified outsole patterns of tennis shoes requires close attention to develop the functional requirements for tennis performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although children have been largely spared from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) with increased transmissibility, combined with fluctuating mask mandates and school reopenings, has led to increased infections and disease among children. Thus, there is an urgent need to roll out COVID-19 vaccines to children of all ages. However, whether children respond equivalently to adults to mRNA vaccines and whether dosing will elicit optimal immunity remain unclear. Here, we aimed to deeply profile the vaccine-induced humoral immune response in 6- to 11-year-old children receiving either a pediatric (50 μg) or adult (100 μg) dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine and to compare these responses to vaccinated adults, infected children, and children who experienced multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Children elicited an IgG-dominant vaccine-induced immune response, surpassing adults at a matched 100-μg dose but more variable immunity at a 50-μg dose. Irrespective of titer, children generated antibodies with enhanced Fc receptor binding capacity. Moreover, like adults, children generated cross-VOC humoral immunity, marked by a decline of omicron-specific receptor binding domain, but robustly preserved omicron spike protein binding. Fc receptor binding capabilities were also preserved in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that both the 50- and 100-μg doses of mRNA vaccination in children elicit robust cross-VOC antibody responses and that 100-μg doses in children result in highly preserved omicron-specific functional humoral immunity. A Kid's COVID Vaccine: As the COVID-19 pandemic has progressed, it has become increasingly apparent that children are not entirely spared from severe disease; to that end, vaccines were recently approved for children as young as 6 months old. Here, Bartsch et al. evaluated the antibody response elicited by either an adult (100 μg) or pediatric (50 μg) dose of the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. The authors found that children responded to both doses in a manner similar to, but not identical to, adults. Antibodies isolated from vaccinated children exhibited both neutralizing and nonneutralizing functions, providing data to support real-world evidence for vaccine effectiveness in younger populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to evade neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccination or infection. Despite the global spread of the Omicron variant, even among highly vaccinated populations, death rates have not increased concomitantly. These data suggest that immune mechanisms beyond antibody-mediated virus neutralization may protect against severe disease. In addition to neutralizing pathogens, antibodies contribute to control and clearance of infections through Fc effector mechanisms. Here, we probed the ability of vaccine-induced antibodies to drive Fc effector activity against the Omicron variant using samples from individuals receiving one of three SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Despite a substantial loss of IgM, IgA, and IgG binding to the Omicron variant receptor binding domain (RBD) in samples from individuals receiving BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and CoronaVac vaccines, stable binding was maintained against the full-length Omicron Spike protein. Compromised RBD binding IgG was accompanied by a loss of RBD-specific antibody Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding in samples from individuals who received the CoronaVac vaccine, but RBD-specific FcγR2a and FcγR3a binding was preserved in recipients of mRNA vaccines. Conversely, Spike protein–specific antibodies exhibited persistent but reduced binding to FcγRs across all three vaccines, although higher binding was observed in samples from recipients of mRNA vaccines. This was associated with preservation of FcγR2a and FcγR3a binding antibodies and maintenance of Spike protein–specific antibody-dependent natural killer cell activation. Thus, despite the loss of Omicron neutralization, vaccine-induced Spike protein–specific antibodies continue to drive Fc effector functions, suggesting a capacity for extraneutralizing antibodies to contribute to disease control. Effective Responses to Omicron: The Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is capable of evading neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccination or prior infection. However, the role of non-neutralizing antibodies in conferring protection against disease is not clear. Here, Bartsch and colleagues showed that vaccination with BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or CoronaVac induced antibodies that were still capable of binding to the Omicron variant Spike protein. These antibodies were also able to elicit Fc-mediated effector functions, suggesting that they may play a role in controlling disease after infection with the Omicron variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of vaccines has inspired hope in the battle against SARS-CoV-2. However, the emergence of viral variants, in the absence of potent antivirals, has left the world struggling with the uncertain nature of this disease. Antibodies currently represent the strongest correlate of immunity against SARS-CoV-2, thus we profiled the earliest humoral signatures in a large cohort of acutely ill (survivors and nonsurvivors) and mild or asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19. Although a SARS-CoV-2–specific immune response evolved rapidly in survivors of COVID-19, nonsurvivors exhibited blunted and delayed humoral immune evolution, particularly with respect to S2-specific antibodies. Given the conservation of S2 across β-coronaviruses, we found that the early development of SARS-CoV-2–specific immunity occurred in tandem with preexisting common β-coronavirus OC43 humoral immunity in survivors, which was also selectively expanded in individuals that develop a paucisymptomatic infection. These data point to the importance of cross-coronavirus immunity as a correlate of protection against COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To test the feasibility of using 360° immersive technology for conducting remote home assessments. A preliminary feasibility study. Gator Tech Smart House, an experimental environment for validating technology designed by the University of Florida. Three Veterans Health Administration (VHA) occupational therapists who have experience in home assessments. Not applicable. Modified System Usability Scale (SUS) and semi-structured individual interview. The results demonstrate that the 360° immersive technology is acceptable for assessing the home environment (SUS score of 72.5±9). All participants reported that the technology was intuitive and easy to use. Preliminary results show that this technology provides occupational therapists with information regarding physical features (e.g., height of bathtub and door width) and different perspectives (e.g., floor plan and zoom-in imaging) of the home environment. All participants stated that this technology's detailed visual information about the environment could be an enhancement over current video technology use in VHA to conduct remote home assessments, and therefore, would be willing to use this technology in their clinical practice. Based on preliminary findings from occupational therapists, the use of 360° immersive technology for conducting remote home assessments is feasible and can enhance current VA-approved telehealth technology. This preliminary feasibility study shows the potential of state-of-the-art technology to improve access and quality of remote home assessment services. This research was supported in part by grant# K12 HD055929 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Veterans Rural Health Resource Center (PROJFY-008301). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH and Veterans Rural Health Resource Center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the differences in skilled nursing home admissions between rural and urban older Veterans. A retrospective chart review. N/A. All older Veterans (65-94 years old) who have at least one record of inpatient and outpatient visits from FY17-18. Not applicable. Average percentages of skilled nursing home admissions between rural and urban Veterans across different disease groups. Among a total of 350,541 identified Veterans, 3.72% (65-74 years old), 8.64% (75-84 years old), and 16.8% (85-94 years old) of Veterans were admitted to skilled nursing homes on average between 2017 and 2018. Across all age groups, rural Veterans had higher rates of admission to skilled nursing homes (65-74 years old: rural (3.87%) vs. urban (3.69%), 75-84 years old: rural (9.25%) vs. urban (8.53%), and 85-94 years old: rural (18%) vs. urban (16.6%)). Burn injuries (rural: 17.5% vs. urban: 16.4%), human immunodeficiency virus infection (rural: 28.5% vs. 27.6%), and alcohol/drug use or induced mental disorders (rural: 19.3% vs. 18.8%) were the top three disease groups with the largest increases in nursing home admission rates for rural Veterans compared to urban Veterans. Rural Veterans showed higher percentages of nursing home admission across all three older age groups compared to urban Veterans. This trend was especially apparent for rural Veterans with burn injuries, virus infection, and alcohol/drug use or mental disorders. Systematic strategies are warranted to address these discrepancies in skilled nursing home admissions between rural and urban Veterans. This research was supported in part by grants (K12 HD055929) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Veterans Rural Health Resource Center (PROJFY-008290). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH and Veterans Rural Health Resource Center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate occupational therapists' experiences with home assessments and modifications in VHA, while comparing virtual to in-person home visits. A preliminary qualitative study using semi-structured individual interviews. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Home Based Primary Care (HBPC). Purposefully selected occupational therapists implementing home assessments and modifications for rural Veterans (N=3). Not applicable. Semi-structured individual interview via Microsoft Teams. Home visits to conduct home assessments and modifications for rural Veterans were standards of care delivery. However, travel restrictions and social distance during the COVID-19 pandemic required a shift toward virtual care. Our preliminary results show that the VA Video Connect (VVC) application allows occupational therapists to provide instant feedback and training to Veterans when new equipment is installed in the Veteran's home, without the need to drive long-distance. However, the VVC does not allow occupational therapists to measure physical features of the home, such as door threshold height and hallway width. Participants also reported difficulty evaluating Veterans' functioning, such as balance, strength, and gait pattern. Thus, the VVC improves access to the services but requires additional assistance from caregivers compared to in-home assessments. Initial home assessments are recommended to be conducted during home visits, but follow-up visits can be conducted via telehealth depending on Veterans' and caregivers' ability to utilize telehealth devices and perform self-assessments. The study team has no conflicts of interest to report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Date Presented 04/21/2023 Virtual visits increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting home assessment delivery methods. This qualitative study explores OT clinicians' experiences working with caregivers during remote home assessments. Primary Author and Speaker: Jaewon Kang Contributing Authors: Consuelo Kreider, Mi Jung Lee, Kelsea LeBeau, Sharon Mburu, Kimberly Findley, Keith J. Myers, Sergio Romero [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the differences in hospitalization probabilities between rural and urban Veterans. A retrospective chart review. N/A. All older Veterans (65-94 years old) with at least one record of inpatient and outpatient visits from FY17-18. Not applicable. Care Assessment Need assessment's hospitalization probabilities between rural and urban Veterans across different disease groups. A total of 350,541 Veterans were identified. Older rural Veterans' hospitalization probabilities within a year and 90 days were 0.53 and 0.52, whereas they were 0.48 and 0.48 for urban Veterans on average, respectively. Except for Veterans with Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Puerperium, rural Veterans with all remaining Major Diagnostic Category groups showed higher hospitalization probabilities than urban Veterans. The greatest differences in hospitalization probabilities within a year and 90 days between rural and urban Veterans were with Veterans with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (rural 1 year: 0.54, rural 90 days: 0.55, urban 1 year: 0.47, and urban 90 days: 0.48), Injuries, Poison, and Toxic Effects of Drugs (rural 1 year: 0.56, rural 90 days: 0.56, urban 1 year: 0.49, and urban 90 days: 0.51), and Diseases and Disorders of the Blood and Blood Forming Organs and Immunological Disorders (rural 1 year: 0.57, rural 90 days: 0.57, urban 1 year: 0.5, and urban 90 days: 0.51) on average. Older rural Veterans had larger likelihoods of hospitalization within 1 year and 90 days than urban Veterans, except for Veterans with Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Puerperium conditions. This study could result from older rural veterans having more comorbid conditions with limited accessible care. Future studies need to examine effective methods to reduce these discrepancies in hospitalization between rural and urban Veterans. This research was supported in part by grants (K12 HD055929) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Veterans Rural Health Resource Center (PROJFY-008290). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH and Veterans Rural Health Resource Center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describe the home modifications (HM) process within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and identify HM challenges and facilitators. Qualitative description. VHA healthcare. Volunteer sample of 15 VHA providers (n=13 occupational therapists, n=1 physical therapist; n=1 kinesiotherapist) having HM experience within 4 years, recruited from nationally distributed email invitations. Not applicable. Individual interviews were conducted using a semi-structured guide on VHA-licensed Microsoft Teams; interviews were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to answer research questions: (1) What are barriers and facilitators of HMs for rural Veterans?; (2) How are video technologies incorporated into HM processes? : (1) barriers and strategies in the HM process, (2) building and utilizing Veteran and caregiver rapport within HM, (3) disciplinary nuances in VHA home assessments and modifications, and (4) incorporation, trade-offs, and promise of telehealth in HM. Providers navigate challenges of built environment, social/familial preferences, and technological, mechanical, and geographical barriers while deploying strategies and resources to facilitate timely and comprehensive HM. Challenges experienced during in home and video remote HM are exacerbated by Veteran's factors such as age, severe or rapidly declining condition, and the spouse's condition and preferences regarding recommended modifications. Accessing community resources for HM are more challenging in rural areas. Notwithstanding largely positive experiences providing telerehabilitation, most providers prefer in-home HM assessments and report using video telehealth more often for follow ups to verify correct equipment use and fit. Telehealth technologies provide benefits in improving HM access, convenience, and timeliness of care and are used in exclusively remote HM service models, hybrid in-home/remote models, and as adjuncts to primarily in-home HM processes. Authors report no conflicts of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by the uses and gratifications theory, this study examines the structural relationships between a number of magazine reader experience factors and advertising engagement. The results from a survey of 507 female college students in South Korea suggest that personal experience, a second-order factor consisting of information, personal identification, and entertainment experiences, significantly influences advertising engagement, whereas the other factor, social experience, has no effect on advertising engagement. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Web scraping is an innovative, efficient and automatic software application to extract large amounts of website data, commonly used for price tracking, product comparison, weather monitoring, and tracking online presence. While this approach provides a promising method to identify and summarize text-based online data, it has yet been utilized in rehabilitation research. This study applies a web-scraping method to rehabilitation research by investigating the scope of existing outcome instruments for stroke patients from one website. This is a feasibility study using Python programming language and Scrapy framework for identifying web-scraping measurement domains. We used the Rehabilitation Measures Database website (RMD; www.sralab.org/rehabilitation-measures) to extract information on stroke outcome instruments. The RMD provides instrument information, such as the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and measurement domains, cost, and administration time. Not applicable. Not applicable. Measurement domains were extracted and summarized using counts and percentages. Less than fifteen minutes were taken for accessing each RMD page to store measurement domains of instruments for stroke patients in a csv formatted file by running python programming queries. Among 124 instruments identified for stroke patients, motor (38.5%, n=65) was the most frequently measured domain, followed by activities of daily living (23.1%, n=39), general health (12.4%, n=21), cognition (10.7% n=18), emotion (7.7%, n=13), sensory (5.9%, n=10), and participation (1.8%, n=3). This study demonstrated that a web-scraping method could be a convenient tool to retrieve publicly available online information for clinical or research purposes. A web-scraping method allows users to obtain target information in analytically friendly formats without requiring laborious manual efforts. Future rehabilitation research studies could leverage web scraping to support making efficient clinical decisions, classifying rehabilitation data, evaluating research impact, and exploring online attitudes, sentiment and behaviors. All authors listed in the abstract do not have any conflicts or lack thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To estimate the effect of creative arts therapy on mood symptomatology and quality of life and investigate whether the effect of creative arts therapy is different between in-clinic only and hybrid-based therapy (a combination of in-clinic and telehealth). Observational study. A VA medical center. A convenience sample of 110 Veterans who received creative arts therapy between 2015 to 2019 was used in this study. All participants were 18 years old or older and had at least one chronic condition, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression. Participants received weekly creative arts therapy. During the sessions, participants expressed personal feelings and emotions through art or music. Each session was delivered through a traditional face-to-face format or telehealth, depending on the patient's needs and preferences. Participants completed self-reporting mood symptomatology and quality of life measures at the first visit and at the end of the intervention. All evaluations were conducted in the clinic. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule–Extended Form (PANAS-X) measures mood-related symptomatology. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Survey- Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) measures the quality of life. Participants had an average of five chronic conditions. PTSD and depression were the most frequently reported conditions. Participants received, on average, eight sessions. In total, 53.6% of participants (n=59) received creative arts therapy via in-clinic only, while 46.4% (n=51) received hybrid-based creative arts therapy. There was no significant difference between in-clinic and hybrid-based creative arts therapy groups. Participants reported decreased general negative affect (p =.029) and increased general positive affect (p =.038). Creative arts therapy improved quality of life in physical health (p =.022), as well as in psychological health (p <.001). There was no significant difference in the effect of creative arts therapy between in-clinic only and hybrid-based groups. Creative arts therapy improved perceived physical and psychological health for Veterans. The hybrid-based creative arts therapy can serve as an effective substitute for in-clinic therapy, which would improve Veterans' access to care for creative arts therapy. Future studies are recommended to examine the hybrid-based approach for other rehabilitation therapy interventions. Authors report no financial relationships or financial conflicts of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide a systematic review of the risk factors for long-term institutionalization in older adults living in developed countries. A systematic search of the following scholarly databases was conducted: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. English language articles, with a primary or secondary outcome of institutionalization, published from January 2010 to September 2020 were identified. Studies assessing multivariate predictors for institutionalization among the elderly were included. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles were independently reviewed by all authors to determine study eligibility. A total of 1,358 studies were identified. Among eligible studies, 100 studies met the inclusion criteria. Consistent multivariate predictors for institutionalization were increased age, low education status, one or more comorbidities, functional and/or cognitive impairment, neurological/circulatory disorders (e.g., stroke), urological disorders (e.g., urinary incontinence), environmental factors (e.g., caregiver burden), and medical histories (e.g., emergency department visits). The female gender emerged as a predictor for institutionalization across disease groups such as stroke, chronic conditions, Alzheimer's Disease, and mood disorders, except for dementia. Race was a significant predictor of institutionalization only for dementia patients (White vs non-white). Findings suggest that multivariate predictors for increased risk of institutionalization among older adults primarily stem from underlying cognitive and/or functional impairment, and associated environmental factors, such as caregiver burden or loneliness. Inconsistencies in race predicting institutionalization can be attributed to differences in study samples and methodological differences in racial group comparisons, and variation observed in female risk for institutionalization is possibly influenced by gender socialization and physiological differences. All authors report no financial relationships or financial conflicts of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network congestion can be alleviated either by reducing demand (traffic control) or by increasing capacity (resource control). Unlike in traditional wired or other wireless counterparts, sensor network deployments provide elastic resource availability for satisfying the fidelity level required by applications. In many cases, using traffic control can violate fidelity requirements. Hence, we propose the use of resource control: increasing capacity by enabling more nodes to become active during periods of congestion. However, a naive approach to increase resources without a careful consideration of the type of congestion, traffic pattern, and network topology make the situation worse. In this paper, we present TARA, a topology-aware resource adaptation strategy to alleviate congestion. The core of TARA is our capacity analysis model, which can be used to estimate capacity of various topologies. Detailed performance results show that TARA can achieve data delivery rate and energy consumption that is close to an ideal offline resource control algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Date Presented 03/28/20 Although there are various measurements of self-efficacy, most of them are disease-specific or not specifically aimed at measuring symptom management. PROMIS self-efficacy can examine the current level of confidence in managing symptoms for patients with chronic conditions. We used Rasch analysis to examine the psychometrics of the PROMIS self-efficacy for managing symptoms. Clinicians can evaluate their patients’ self-efficacy for symptom management and provide evidence-based treatments. Primary Author and Speaker: Jaewon Kang Contributing Authors: Sergio Romero [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Date Presented 06/04/19 To understand the limitation of clients who experienced neurological impairment, OTs should evaluate their functioning with behavioral observation assessments with cross-cultural adaptions. This study aims to perform a cross-cultural adaptation for the Korean population of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL)-focused Occupation-Based Neurobehavioral Evaluation (A-ONE) and examine its reliability and validity. Primary Author and Speaker: Jaewon Kang Contributing Authors: Hae-Yean Park, Jung-Ran Kim, Ji-Hyuk Park [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection and death in young infants and the elderly. With no effective prophylactic treatment available, current vaccine candidates aim to elicit neutralizing antibodies. However, binding and neutralization have poorly predicted protection in the past, and accumulating data across epidemiologic cohorts and animal models collectively point to a role for additional antibody Fc-effector functions. To begin to define the humoral correlates of immunity against RSV, here we profiled an adenovirus 26 RSV-preF vaccine-induced humoral immune response in a group of healthy adults that were ultimately challenged with RSV. Protection from infection was linked to opsonophagocytic functions, driven by IgA and differentially glycosylated RSV-specific IgG profiles, marking a functional humoral immune signature of protection against RSV. Furthermore, Fc-modified monoclonal antibodies able to selectively recruit effector functions demonstrated significant antiviral control in a murine model of RSV. [Display omitted] • Ad26 vaccination induces RSV-specific antibodies, despite pre-existing immunity • RSV-specific Fc-quality, rather than neutralization, predicts protection from RSV • IgG and IgA-Fc-effector functions synergize for maximal protection against RSV • Fc-effector-enhanced antibodies offer superior protection from RSV in mice Protective immunity against respiratory syncytial virus infection after vaccination relies on the constant-region effector function of elicited antibodies, going beyond direct neutralization of the virus and highlighting the importance of myeloid cell functions that the specific antibodies activate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines confer robust protection against COVID-19, but the emergence of variants has generated concerns regarding the protective efficacy of the currently approved vaccines, which lose neutralizing potency against some variants. Emerging data suggest that antibody functions beyond neutralization may contribute to protection from the disease, but little is known about SARS-CoV-2 antibody effector functions. Here, we profiled the binding and functional capacity of convalescent antibodies and Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibodies across SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Although the neutralizing responses to VOCs decreased in both groups, the Fc-mediated responses were distinct. In convalescent individuals, although antibodies exhibited robust binding to VOCs, they showed compromised interactions with Fc-receptors. Conversely, vaccine-induced antibodies also bound robustly to VOCs but continued to interact with Fc-receptors and mediate antibody effector functions. These data point to a resilience in the mRNA-vaccine-induced humoral immune response that may continue to offer protection from SARS-CoV-2 VOCs independent of neutralization. • mRNA-1273 vaccine induces spike antibodies that are able to leverage FcR binding across VOCs • Convalescent spike antibodies interact with VOCs but exhibit compromised FcR binding • VOCs differentially affect Fc effector functions in natural infection and vaccination • mRNA-1273-induced antibodies might confer protection independent of neutralization SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines provide cross-variant protection against COVID-19. Whether this is mediated strictly via neutralization or is linked to effector functions that may limit, rather than block, transmission remains unknown. Kaplonek et al. show that mRNA-1273-vaccination-induced antibodies preserve Fc effector responses across variants of concern, whereas antibodies induced following natural infection show compromised interactions with Fc-receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]