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Eriodictyol, a flavonoid present in citrus fruits, has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the protective effects of eriodictyol on cisplatin (CP)-induced kidney injury were detected. CP-induced kidney injury model was established by administration of CP (20 mg/kg). The results showed that treatment of eriodictyol inhibited the production of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, MDA, TBARS, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the production of TNF-α, and IL-1β in kidney tissues induced by CP. Eriodictyol also up-regulated the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX decreased by CP. Furthermore, eriodictyol was found to up-regulate the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibited CP-induced NF-κB activation in kidney tissues. In conclusion, eriodictyol protected against CP-induced kidney injury through activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NF-κB activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Using dynamic method and the laser monitoring observation technique, the solubility of cefodizime disodium in water+(ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol) was measured as a function of temperature from 278.15K to 318.15K under atmospheric pressure. The experimental data were correlated with a simple model of molecular thermodynamics for solubility of solid in liquid. The model parameters were fitted, and the solution enthalpies Δ sol H and solution entropies Δ sol S were estimated. Δ sol H and Δ sol S are all positive. The endothermic effect of solution process may be due to the fact that the newly bond energy between cefodizime disodium and solvent molecules is not powerful enough to compensate the energy needed to break the original association bond in various solvents, and the system needs to absorb heat from surroundings and manifests as Δ sol H >0. The reason for the entropy increase during the dissolution process is that the solutes disrupt the alignment of solvent molecules and therefore reduced the degree of order of the system while they were dissolved in various solvents. The positive Δ sol H and Δ sol S revealed that the dissolution process of cefodizime disodium was an entropy-driven process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]