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1. The demise of islet allotransplantation in the United States: A call for an urgent regulatory update

Author: Witkowski, Piotr, Philipson, Louis H., Kaufman, Dixon B., Ratner, Lloyd E., Abouljoud, Marwan S., Bellin, Melena D., Buse, John B., Kandeel, Fouad, Stock, Peter G., Mulligan, David C., Markmann, James F., Kozlowski, Tomasz, Andreoni, Kenneth A., Alejandro, Rodolfo, Baidal, David A., Hardy, Mark A., Wickrema, Amittha, Mirmira, Raghavendra G., Fung, John, Becker, Yolanda T., Josephson, Michelle A., Bachul, Piotr J., Pyda, Jordan S., Charlton, Michael, Millis, J. Michael, Gaglia, Jason L., Stratta, Robert J., Fridell, Jonathan A., Niederhaus, Silke V., Forbes, Rachael C., Jayant, Kumar, Robertson, R. Paul, Odorico, Jon S., Levy, Marlon F., Harland, Robert C., Abrams, Peter L., Olaitan, Oyedolamu K., Kandaswamy, Raja, Wellen, Jason R., Japour, Anthony J., Desai, Chirag S., Naziruddin, Bashoo, Balamurugan, Appakalai N., Barth, Rolf N., and Ricordi, Camillo
Published: 2021
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2. Scientific and Ethical Considerations in Trial Design for Investigational Agents for the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Author: Feinberg, Judith and Japour, Anthony J.
Published: 2003

3. Transplanting islet cells can fix brittle diabetes. Why isn’t it available in the U.S.?

Author: C. Ricordi and A. Japour
Subjects: diabetes, type 1 diabetes, islet transplantation, regulatory approval, fda, Science
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes, which affects 1.25 million American children and adults, and more than 20 million people around the world, is a challenging chronic disease caused by the body’s inability to make insulin. Among its most severe forms is brittle diabetes. People with brittle diabetes frequently experience large swings in blood sugar that can quickly move from too high to too low or vice versa. Severely low blood sugar, called hypoglycemia, can cause sudden and unexpected seizures, coma, heart attacks, and even death. Insulin is the main treatment for this common disease. But it isn’t a cure. A type of cell transplant that comes close to a cure for some people with type 1 diabetes, a technique pioneered and tested in the United States, is now available in many countries but is still deemed an experimental procedure in the U.S., making it almost impossible to get. More than a decade ago, the United Kingdom’s National Health Service approved islet cell transplantation for type 1 diabetes — an approval based on an extensive review of the evidence generated by clinical trials conducted in the United States. Our federal dollars supported that research, and this treatment ought to be available to U.S. citizens. Islet cell transplantation is not a panacea for all forms of type 1 diabetes. And transplantation of any organ, including islet cells, requires the use of anti-rejection drugs that can have a range of adverse side effects. Nevertheless, individuals with severe brittle diabetes who are fully informed of the risks and benefits should have the ability to access this lifesaving treatment option. We fully understand the FDA’s efforts to rein in companies marketing unapproved stem cell products that have little or no evidence to support their use and that may put patients at risk. Yet the FDA should stay equally focused on its commitment to approving evidence-based transformative treatments for devastating diseases and conditions, including brittle diabetes.
Published: 2019
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4. Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG

Author: Subodh Verma, Deepak L. Bhatt, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Michael Miller, Eliot A. Brinton, Terry A. Jacobson, Nitish K. Dhingra, Steven B. Ketchum, Rebecca A. Juliano, Lixia Jiao, Ralph T. Doyle, Craig Granowitz, C. Michael Gibson, Duane Pinto, Robert P. Giugliano, Matthew J. Budoff, R. Preston Mason, Jean-Claude Tardif, Christie M. Ballantyne, Fabrice M.A.C. Martens, Astrid Schut, Brian Olshansky, Mina Chung, Al Hallstrom, Lesly Pearce, Cyrus Mehta, Rajat Mukherjee, Anjan K. Chakrabarti, Eli V. Gelfand, Megan Carroll Leary, Duane S. Pinto, Yuri B. Pride, Steven Ketchum, Ramakrishna Bhavanthula, Gertrude Chester, Christina Copland, Katelyn Diffin, Ralph Doyle, Kurt Erz, Alex Giaquinto, Paula Glanton, Angela Granger, Richard H. Iroudayassamy, Rebecca Juliano, James Jin, Dimitry Klevak, Hardik Panchal, Robert Wang, Shin-Ru Wang, Gerard Abate, Peggy J. Berry, Rene Braeckman, Declan Doogan, Anne Elson, Amy HauptmannBaker, Isabel Lamela, Catherine Lubeck, Mehar Manku, Sabina Murphy, Monica Sanford, William Stirtan, Paresh Soni, Arnaud Bastien, Demetria Foster, Evangelito Gascon, Judith Johnson, Lasbert Latona, Gang Liu, Sandra Palleja, Nelly Sanjuan, Jimmy Shi, William Stager, Mukund Venkatakrishnan, Ahmed Youssef-Agha, Julie Zhu, Leela Aertker, Suresh Ankolekar, Lisa Goldberg, Natasa Rajicic, Jianfen Shu, Heng Zou, Magdy Mikhail, Gamil Dawood, N. Mathew Koshy, Sandip K. Mukherjee, Rafik Abadier, Andrea L. Lawless, William P. McGuinn, Howard Weintraub, Kathryn Rohr, Edmund Claxton, Robert J. Weiss, Terry D. Klein, Mani Nallasivan, Stephen Crowley, Marilyn King, Anthony D. Alfieri, David Fitz-Patrick, Irving Loh, Nolan J. Mayer, Rakesh Prashad, Samuel Lederman, Debra Weinstein, Harold E. Bays, Keith Chu, Alireza Maghsoudi, Paul D. Thompson, Jeff Carstens, Anna Chang, Kenneth R. Cohen, Julius Dean, Howard S. Ellison, Bernard Erickson, Enrique A. Flores, Daniel W. Gottlieb, Paul Grena, John R. Guyton, Peter H. Jones, John M. Joseph, Norman E. Lepor, Sam Lerman, Robert D. Matheney, Theodore R. Pacheco, Michael B. Russo, John Rubino, Edward S. Pereira, Albert A. Seals, Eduardo Viera, Alan D. Steljes, Jason Thompson, Shaival Kapadia, Michael McIvor, Jorge E. Salazar, Jose O. Santiago, Ralph Vicari, Martin R. Berk, William A. Kaye, Marcus McKenzie, David Podlecki, Brian D. Snyder, Stephen Nash, David M. Herrington, Wallace Johnson, Joseph R. Lee, Ronald Blonder, Alpa M. Patel, Ramon Castello, Susan Greco, Dean J. Kereiakes, Venkatesh K. Nadar, Mark Nathan, Ranganatha P. Potu, Robert Sangrigoli, Richard Smalling, Mitchell Davis, Robert Braastad, James McCriskin, Kunal Bodiwala, Joe L. Hargrove, Mark W. Graves, George Emlein, Raegan W. Durant, James W. Clower, Rohit Arora, Narendra Singh, Lisa Warsinger Martin, W Herbert Haught, Marc P. Litt, Michael D. Klein, Peter Hoagland, Michael Goldstein, Marco S. Mazzella, Daniel H. Dunker, Brian H. Kahn, Carlos S. Ince, Frank A. McGrew, Jay Lee, David Pan, Salman A. Khan, Uri Elkayam, Wasim Deeb, Anne C. Goldberg, Christopher S. Brown, Wayne N. Leimbach, Thomas S. Backer, David R. Sutton, Joel Gellman, Anu R. George, Alan S. Hoffman, Mark Kates, Kishlay Anand, Robert Bear, Brendan J. Cavanaugh, Ramon G. Reyes, Rodolfo Sotolongo, Kenneth Sabatino, Kevin Gallagher, Ehab Sorial, Chris Geohas, Kathleen E. Magness, Bernard P. Grunstra, Frederik A. Martin, William S. Knapp, Mel E. Lucas, John J. Champlin, Jason Demattia, Patrick H. Peters, Judith Kirstein, William J. Randall, Cezar S. Staniloae, Jennifer G. Robinson, Alexander Adler, Christopher Case, Andrew J. Kaplan, Gregory F. Lakin, Krishan K. Goyle, Michael J. DiGiovanna, Chester L. Fisher, Michael Lillestol, Michael Robinson, Robert G. Perry, Lawrence S. Levinson, Brian G. Everhart, Robert D. Madder, Earl F. Martin, Earl E. Martin, Imtiaz Alam, Jose Mari L. Elacion, Robina Poonawala, Taddese T. Desta, Jerome A. Robinson, Gilbert J. Martinez, Jakkidi S. Reddy, Jeffrey D. Wayne, Samuel Mujica Trenche, Westbrook I. Kaplan, Rubin H. Saavedra, Michael D. DiGregorio, Barry D. Bertolet, Neil J. Fraser, Terence T. Hart, Ronald J. Graf, David A. Jasper, Michael Dunn, Dan A. Streja, David J. Strobl, Nan Jiang, Vicki Kalen, Richard Mascolo, Mercedes B. Samson, Michael Stephens, Bret M. Bellard, Mario Juarez, Patrick J. McCarthy, John B. Checton, Michael Stillabower, Edward Goldenberg, Amin H. Karim, Naseem Jaffrani, Robert C. Touchon, Erich R. Fruehling, Clayton J. Friesen, Pradipta Chaudhuri, Frank H. Morris, Robert E. Broker, Rajesh J. Patel, Susan Hole, Randall P. Miller, Francisco G. Miranda, Sadia Dar, Shawn N. Gentry, Paul Hermany, Charles B. Treasure, Miguel E. Trevino, Raimundo Acosta, Anthony Japour, Samuel J. Durr, Thomas Wang, Om P. Ganda, Perry Krichmar, James L. Arter, Douglas Jacoby, Michael A. Schwartz, Amer Al-Karadsheh, Nelson E. Gencheff, John A. Pasquini, Richard Dunbar, Sarah Kohnstamm, Hector F. Lozano, Francine K. Welty, Thomas L. Pitts, Brian Zehnder, Salah El Hafi, Mark A. King, Arnold Ghitis, Marwan M. Bahu, Hooman Ranjbaran Jahromi, Ronald P. Caputo, Robert S. Busch, Michael D. Shapiro, Suhail Zavaro, Munib Daudjee, Shahram Jacobs, Vipul B. Shah, Frank Rubalcava, Mohsin T. Alhaddad, Henry Lui, Raj T. Rajan, Fadi E. Saba, Mahendra Pai N Gunapooti, Tshiswaka B. Kayembe, Timothy Jennings, Robert A. Strzinek, Michael H. Shanik, Pradeep K. Singh, Alastair C. Kennedy, Howard Rubenstein, Ramin Manshadi, Joanne Ladner, Lily Kakish, Ashley Kakish, Amy L. Little, Jaime Gerber, Nancy J. Hinchion, Janet Guarino, Denise Raychok, Susan Budzinski, Kathleen Kelley-Garvin, April Beckord, Jessica Schlinder, Arthur Schwartzbard, Stanley Cobos, Deborah Freeman, David Abisalih, Dervilla McCann, Kylie Guy, Jennifer Chase, Stacey Samuelson, Madeline Cassidy, Marissa Tardif, Jaime Smith, Brenna Sprout, Nanette Riedeman, Julie Goza, Lori Johnson, Chad Kraske, Sheila Hastings, Chris Dutka, Stephanie Smith, Toni McCabe, Kathleen Maloney, Paul Alfieri, Vinay Hosemane, Chanhsamone Syravanh, Cindy Pau, April Limcoiloc, Tabitha Carreira, Taryn S. Kurosawa, Razmig Krumian, Krista Preston, Ashraf Nashed, Daria Schneidman-Fernandez, Jack Patterson, John Tsakonas, Jennifer Esaki, Lynn Sprafka, Porous Patel, Brian Mitchell, Erin M. Ross, Donna Miller, Akash Prashad, Kristina M. Feyler, Natasha Juarbe, Sandra Herrera, Sarah M. Keiran, Becky Whitehead, Whitney Asher, Coury Hobbs, Abbey Elie, Jean Brooks, Amanda L. Zaleski, Brenda Foxen, Barb Lapke, Philippa Wright, Bristol Pavol, Gwen Carangi, Marla Turner, Katharine W. Sanders, Rikita S. Delamar, Virginia L. Wilson, Sarah M. Harvel, Alison M. Cartledge, Kaitlyn R. Bailey, Kathleen Mahon, Timothy Schuchard, Jen Humbert, Mark C. Hanson, Michael P. Cecil, James S. Abraham, Lorie Benedict, Claudia Slayton, Curtis S. Burnett, Rachel W. Ono-Lim, Sharon Budzinski, Shubi A. Khan, Sharon Goss, Terry Techmanski, Farida Valliani, Rimla Joseph, Edith Flores, Laurn Contreras, Ana Aguillon, Carrie-Ann Silvia, Maria Martin, Edmund K. Kerut, Leslie W. Levenson, Louis B. Glade, Brian J. Cospolich, Maureen W. Stein, Stephen P. LaGuardia, Thelma L. Sonza, Tracy M. Fife, Melissa Forschler, Jasmyne Watts, Judy Fritsch, Emese Futchko, Sarah Utech, Scott B. Baker, Miguel F. Roura, Scott A. Segel, James S. Magee, Cathy Jackson, Rebecca F. Goldfaden, Liudmila Quas, Elizabeth C. Ortiz, Michael Simpson, Robert Foster, Christopher Brian, James Trimm, Michael Bailey, Brian Snoddy, Van Reeder, Rachel Wilkinson, Harold Settle, Cynthia Massey, Angela Maiola, Michele Hall, Shelly Hall, Wanda Hall, Mark Xenakis, Janet Barrett, Giovanni Campanile, David Anthou, Susan F. Neill, Steven Karas, Enrique Polanco, Norberto Schechtman, Grace Tischner, Kay Warren, Cynthia St Cyr, Menna Kuczinski, Latrina Alexander, Maricruz Ibarra, Barry S. Horowitz, Jaime Steinsapir, Jeanette Mangual-Coughlin, Brittany Mooney, Precilia Vasquez, Kathleen Rodkey, Alexandria Biberstein, Christine Ignacio, Irina Robinson, Marcia Hibberd, Lisa B. Hoffman, Daniel J. Murak, Raghupathy Varavenkataraman, Theresa M. Ohlson Elliott, Linda A. Cunningham, Heather L. Palmerton, Sheri Poole, Jeannine Moore, Helene Wallace, Ted Chandler, Robert Riley, Farah Dawood, Amir Azeem, Michael Cammarata, Ashleigh Owen, Shivani Aggarwal, Waqas Qureshi, Mohamed Almahmoud, Abdullahi Oseni, Adam Leigh, Erin Barnes, Adam Pflum, Amer Aladin, Karen Blinson, Vickie Wayne, Lynda Doomy, Michele Wall, Valerie Bitterman, Cindi Young, Rachel Grice, Lioubov Poliakova, Jorge Davalos, David Rosenbaum, Mark Boulware, Heather Mazzola, J. Russell Strader, Russell Linsky, David Schwartz, Elizabeth Graf, Alicia Gneiting, Melissa Palmblad, Ashley Donlin, Emily Ensminger, Hillary Garcia, Dawn Robinson, Carolyn Tran, Jeffrey Jacqmein, Darlene Bartilucci, Michael Koren, Barbara Maluchnik, Melissa Parks, Jennifer Miller, Cynthia DeFosse, Albert B. Knouse, Amy Delancey, Stephanie Chin, Thomas Stephens, Mag Sohal, Juana Ingram, Swarooparani Kumar, Heather Foley, Nina Smith, Vera McKinney, Linda Schwarz, Judith Moore, Hildreth Vernon Anderson, Stefano Sdringola-Maranga, Ali Denktas, Elizabeth Turrentine, Rhonda Patterson, John Marshall, Terri Tolar, Donna Patrick, Pamela Schwartzkopf, Anthony M. Fletcher, Frances R. Harris, Sherry Clements, Tiffany Brown, William Smith, Stacey J. Baehl, Robin Fluty, Daniel VanHamersveld, Dennis Breen, Nancy Bender, Beverly Stafford, Tamika Washington, Margaret N. Pike, Mark A. Stich, Evyan Jawad, Amin Nadeem, Jill Nyland, Rhonda Hamer, Kendra Calhoun, Charlotte Mall, Samuel Cadogan, Kati Raynes, Richard Katz, Lorraine Marshall, Rashida Abbas, Jay L. Dinerman, John T. Hartley, Beth Lamb, Lisa Eskridge, Donna Raymond, Kristy Clemmer, Denise M. Fine, Paula Beardsley, Janet Werner, Bette Mahan, Courtney VanTol, Robert Herman, Christine Raiser-Vignola, Felicia McShan, Stefanie A. Neill, David R. Blick, Michael J. Liston, Denetta K. Nelson, Sandra K. Dorrell, Patricia Wyman, Ambereen Quraishi, Fernando Ferro, Frank Morris, Vicki J. Coombs, Autumn M. Mains, Austin A. Campbell, Jeanne Phelps, Cheryl A. Geary, Ellen G. Sheridan, Jean M. Downing, Arie Swatkowski, Tish Redden, Brian Dragutsky, Susan Thomas, Candace Mitchell, Diana Barker, Elanie Turcotte, Deborah Segerson, Jill Guy, Karena De La Mora, Jennifer Hong, Dennis Do, Rose Norris, Faisal Khan, Hector Montero, Stacy Kelly-White, Alan Cleland, Rosalyn Alcalde-Crawford, Melissa Morgan, Brijmohan Sarabu, Megan Minor, Shweta Kamat, Stephanie M. Estes, Nancee Harless, Alicia Disney, Jodi L. Pagano, Chad M. Alford, Noel W. Bedwell, Warren D. Hardy, Kevin DeAndrade, Jessica G. Elmore, Eric Auerbach, Anthony W. Haney, Miriam H. Brooks, Jose Torres, Lois Roper, Terry Backer, Katie Backer, John G. Evans, Ricardo A. Silva, Lorraine H. Dajani, Veronica Yousif, Tammy Ross, Sion K. Roy, Ronald Oudiz, Sajad Hamal, Ferdinand Flores, Amor Leahy, Debra Ayer, Swapna George, Chrisi Carine Stewart, Elvira Orellana, Cristina Boccalandro, Mary Rangel, Suzanne Hennings, Carl Vanselow, Teri Victor, Darlene Birdwell, Paul Haas, Anthony Sandoval, Gina Ciavarella, Caroline Saglam, Amy Bird, Keith Beck, Brian Poliquin, David Dominguez, Brittany Tenorio, Harvonya Perkins, Esther San Roman, Paris Bransford, Christy Lowrance, Marcy Broussard, Mary Ellis, Bobbi Skiles, Jessica Hamilton, Kathryn Hall, Diego Olvera, Julee A. Hartwell, Nevien Sorial, Mary Rickman, Kevin Berman, Nirav Mehta, Annie Laborin, Rodger Rothenberger, Sarah Beauvilliers, Kathy Morrell, Michael P. Schachter, Cindy L. Perkins, Elizabeth A. Gordon, Jennifer Lauer, Kim Bichsel, Kelly Oliver, Leslie J. Mellor, Candice Demattia, Jennifer Schomburg, Yenniffer Moreno, Eduardo Mansur-Garza, Lena Rippstein, Lorie Chacon, Andrea Pena, Michelle King, Susan Richardson, Annette Jessop, Nicole Tucker, Whitney Royer, Gilbert Templeton, Ann Moell, Christine Weller, Melissa J. Botts, Gretel Hollon, Elsa Homberg-Pinassi, Paula Forest, Aref Bin Abhulhak, Devona Chun-Furlong, Deborah Harrington, Emily Harlynn, Marjorie Schmitt, Constance Shelsky, Patricia Feldick, Mary Cherrico, Courtney Jagle, Nicholas Warnecke, Debra Myer, Deanna J. Ruder, Albina Underwood, Alan Rauba, George Carr, Barbara Oberhaus, Jessica Vanderfeltz, Mary Jo Stucky-Heil, Dale R. Gibson, Vonnie Fuentes, Kimberly L. Talbot, William C. Simon, Katlyn J. Grimes, Christina R. Wheeler, Cassaundra Shultz, Rhonda A. Metcalf, Jennifer L. Hill, Michelle R. Oliver, Basharat Ahmad, Fouzal Azeem, Abdul Rahim, George H. Freeman, Dawn Bloch, Heather Freeman, Jamie Brown, Sarah Rosbach, Pamela Melander, Nick Taralson, Alex Liu, Katlyn Harms, Mahfouz Michale, Jose Lopez, Maria Revoredo, Shari Edevane, Sarah Shawley, Timothy L. Jackson, Michael J. Oliver, Dina DeSalle, Patricia J. Matlock, Ionna M. Beraun, Heather Hendrix, Garrett Bromley, Ashley Niemerski, Gabby Teran, Sonia Guerrero, Murtaza Marvi, Zehra Palanpurwala, Andrea Torres, Patty Gloyd, Michelle Conger, Aziz Laurent, Olia Nayor, Catalina S. Villanueva, Munira Khambati, Tabetha J. Mumford, Melanie J. Castillo, Taddese Desta, Jerome Robinson, La Shawn Woods, Anita Bahri, Nancy Herrera, Cecilia Casaclang, Jeffrey R. Unger, Geraldine Martinez, Mia K. Moon, Stephen M. Mohaupt, Larry Sandoval, Louisito Valenzuela, Victora Ramirez, Nelly Mata, Veronica Avila, Marisol Patino, Cynthia Montano-Pereira, Omar Barnett, William M. Webster, Lorraine M. Christensen, Leighna Bofman, Melanie Livingston, Stacey Adams, Joseph Hobbs, Leesa Koskela, Mia Katz, Samuel Mujica-Trenche, Franklin Cala, Noreen T. Rana, Jennifer Scarlett, Milagros Cala Anaya, Marsha R. Jones, Kelly D. Hollis, Debbie Roth, Kristin Eads, Tina Watts, Judy Perkins, Alice Arnold, Daniel C. Ginsberg, Denise Quinn, Nicole Cureton, David B. Fittingoff, Mohammed I. Iqbal, Stephen R. White, Edith Sisneros, Michelle Ducca, David Streja, Danny Campos, Jennifer L. Boak, Farzeen Amir, Felice Anderson, James J. Kmetzo, Mary O. Bongarzone, Dawn Scott, Mary Grace De Leon, Cynthia Buda, William Graettinger, Michelle Alex, Erika Hess, James Govoni, Melissa Bartel, Travis L. Monchamp, Julie S. Roach, Sara Gibson, Amy M. Allfrey, Kristen Timpy, Kathy Bott, Karin A. Soucy, Jean Willis, Cecilia A. Valerio, Anusha Chunduri, Rebecca Coker, Nicole Vidrine, Ellen A. Thompson, Mark A. Studeny, Melissa K. Marcum, Tammy S. Monway, Douglas L. Kosmicki, Melissa J. Kelley, Corey M. Godfrey, Susan L. Krenk, Randy R. Holcomb, Deb K. Baehr, Mary K. Trauernicht, David Rowland Lowry, Betty Bondy Herts, Jeanne E Phelps, Jean-Marie Downing, Carol Gamer Dignon, Elisabeth S. Cockrill, Pravinchandra G. Chapla, Diane Fera, Margaret Chang, Patricia Fredette, Tamie Ashby, Renee Bergin, Zebediah A. Stearns, David B. Ware, Rachael M. Boudreaux, Joanna Rodriguez, Robert McKenzie, Amanda Huber, Rebecca Sommers, Heather Rowe, Stacy McLallen, Michale Haynes, Ashley Adamson, Janice Henderson, Lori McClure, Beverly A. Harris, Laura Ference, Sue Meissner-Dengler, Lisa Treasure, Doreen Nicely, Timothy L. Light, Tracey A. Osborn, Kimberly J. Mai, Pablo Vivas, Jose Rios, Dunia Rodriguez, Roger DeRaad, James Walder, Oscar Bailon, Denice Hockett, Debbie Anderson, Kelli McIntosh, Amber Odegard, Andrew Shepherd, Mary Seifert, Laurence Kelley, Rajendra Shetty, Michael Castine, David Brill, Gregory Fisher, Nicole Richmond, Kathleen Gray, Patricia Miller, Charlene Coneys, Yarixa Chanza, Monica Sumoza, Victoria M. Caudill, Kelly D. Harris, Courtney A. Manion, Melody J. Lineberger-Moore, Julie J. Wolfe, Barbara J. Rosen, Patricia DiVito, Janet L. Moffat, Christina Michaelis, Prashant Koshy, Diana Perea, Ghaith Al Yacoub, Stephanie Sadeghi, Thomas D. LeGalley, Rudolph F. Evonich, William J. Jean, Gary M. Friesen, John M. Pap, David A. Pesola, Mark D. Cowan, Kristofer M. Dosh, Dianna Larson, Adele M. Price, Jodi A. Nease, Jane E. Anderson, Lori A. Piggott, Robert Iwaoka, Kevin Sharkey, Edward McMillan, Laurie Lowder, Latisha Morgan, Kyle Davis, Tara Caldwell, Erica Breglio, Jasmine Summers, Rachel Poulimas, Muhammad Zahid, Hamid Syed, Maria Escobar, Jacob Levy, Rahma Warsi, Carol Ma, Puxiao Cen, Kimberly A. Cawthon, Delores B. Barnes, Deanna G. Allen, Margaret L. Warrington, Carol R. Stastny, Robin J. Michaels, Mohamad Saleh, John Sorin, Sunny Rathod, Urakay Juett, Steven Spencer, Aziza Keval, Jill McBride, Shane Young, Catherine Baxter, Carol Rasmussen, Shari L. Coxe, Luis Campos, Shahin Tavackoli, Diana Beckham, Darlynee Sanchez, Karanjit Basrai, Dorian Helms, Erica Clinton, Kasie Smith, Henry Cusnir, Mary Klaus Clark, Madhavagopal V. Cherukuri, Ameta Scarfaru, Stephen D. Nash, Loretta C. Grimm, Anna Grace, Kylie McElheran, Dino Subasic, Zedrick Buhay, Janet Litvinoff, Deepak Shah, Shannon Cervantes, Freda Usher, Farra Yasser, Theodore Trusevich, Ronnie L. Garcia, Jamison Wyatt, Rahul Bose, Holllilyn Miska, Traci Spivey, Amy B. Wren, Katie E. Vance, Lani L. Holman, Pam Gibbons, Elaine Eby, Sandra Shepard, Soratree Charoenthongtrakul, Brett Snodgrass, Mohammed Nazem, Shelly Keteenburg, Prathima Murthy, Frederic Prater, Ashley Rumfelt, Christina Eizensmits, Lisa Iannuzzi, Pourus R. Patel, Clellia Bergamino, Elizabeth McFeaters, Botros Rizk, Emiljia Pflaum, Danny Kalish, Rex Ambatali, Mona Ameli, Delaina Sanguinetti, Rakesh Vaidya, Martinus A.W. Broeders, Dorman Henrikus, Adrianus F.M. Kuijper, Nadea Al-Windy, Michael Magro, Karim Hamraoui, Ismail Aksoy, Guy L.J. Vermeiren, H.W.O. Roeters van Lennep, Gerard Hoedemaker, Johannes Jacobus Remmen, Kjell Bogaard, Dirk van der Heijden, Nicole MJ Knufman, Joost Frederiks, Johannes Willem Louwerenburg, Piet van Rossum, Johannes Milhous, Peter van der Meer, Arno van der Weerdt, Rob Breedveld, Mitran Keijzers, Walter Hermans, Ruud van de Wal, Peter A.G. Zwart, Marc M.J.M. van der Linden, Gerardus Zwiers, Dirk J. Boswijk, Jan Geert Tans, Jacob van Eck, Maarten V. Hessen, Barnabas J.B. Hamer, Stieneke Zoet-Nugteren, Lucien Theunissen, E.A. van Beek, Remco Nijmeijer, Pieter R. Nierop, Gerard Linssen, H.P. Swart, Timo Lenderink, Gerard L. Bartels, Frank den Hartog, Brian J. Berg van den, Wouter van Kempen, Susanne Kentgens, Gloria M. Rojas Lingan, Martinus M. Peeters, Hilligje Keterberg, Melchior Nierman, Annemieke K. den Hollander, Jacqueline Hoogendijk, Christine Voors-Pette, Vicdan Kose, Peter Viergever, Larysa Yena, Viktor Syvolap, Mykola P. Kopytsya, Olga Barna, Svitlana S. Panina, Mykhailo I. Lutai, Oxana V. Shershnyova, Iryna Luzkiv, Larysa S. Bula, Sergii Zotov, Ivan Vyjhovaniuk, Olena Lysunets, Volodymyr I. Koshlia, Nataliya Sydor, Myroslava F. Vayda, Olexiy Ushakov, Mykola Rishko, Viktor P. Shcherbak, Yevgeniya Svyshchenko, Vira Tseluyko, Andriy Yagensky, Viktoriia I. Zolotaikina, Olga Godlevska, Larysa Ivanova, Olena Koval, Olena I. Mitchenko, Galyna Y. Kardash, Yurii S. Rudyk, Mykola Stanislavchuk, Volodymyr Ivanovych Volkov, Olena G. Karlinskaya, Susanna A. Tykhonova, Nikolay Vatutin, Ganna Smirnova, Volodymyr M. Kovalenko, Viktor Lizogub, Denys Sebov, Oleksandr Dyadyk, Svetlana Andrievskaya, Mykola P. Krasko, Alexander N. Parkhomenko, Lidiya Horbach, Iryna G. Kupnovytska, Tetyana Pertseva, Oleksandr Karpenko, Dmytro Reshotko, Svitlana V. Zhurba, Leonid Rudenko, Viktoriia Yu Zharinova, Valerii B. Shatylo, Yuriy I. Karpenko, Mariya A. Orynchak, Tatiana R. Kameneva, Elena Zherlitsina, Diana N. Alpenidze, Grigoriy P. Arutyunov, Elena Baranova, Boris Bart, Dmitriy I. Belenkiy, Svetlana A. Boldueva, Elena A. Demchenko, Vera V. Eltishcheva, Alexander M. Gofman, Boris M. Goloshchekin, Ivan Gennadyevich Gordeev, Nikolay Gratsianskiy, Gadel Kamalov, Niyaz R. Khasanov, Irina M. Kholina, Zhanna D. Kobalava, Elena V. Kobeleva, Alexandra O. Konradi, Victor A. Kostenko, Andrey Dmitrievich Kuimov, Polina Y. Ermakova, Sofia K. Malyutina, Alexey V. Panov, Natalia V. Polezhaeva, Olga Reshetko, Nataliya P. Shilkina, Sergey B. Shustov, Elena A. Smolyarchuk, Raisa I. Stryuk, Elena Yurievnar Solovieva, Andrey V. Susekov, Natalia Vezikova, Svetlana N. Ivanova, Alexander A. Petrov, Vladimir O. Konstantinov, Alina S. Agafina, Victor Gurevich, Konstantin N. Zrazhevskiy, Tatiana V. Supryadkina, Nikita B. Perepech, Vadim L. Arkhipovskiy, Dmitry Yu Butko, Irina A. Zobenko, Olga V. Orlikova, Viktor Mordovin, Olga L. Barbarash, Anastasiya Lebedeva, Vladimir Nosov, Oleg V. Averkov, Elena P. Pavlikova, Yuri B. Karpov, Marina Lvovna Giorgadze, Oleg A. Khrustalev, Mikhail Arkhipov, Tatiana A. Raskina, Julia V. Shilko, Yulia Samoilova, Elena D. Kosmacheva, Sergey V. Nedogoda, Kathleen Coetzee, Lesley J. Burgess, F.C.R. Theron, Iftikhar O. Ebrahim, Gerbrand A. Haasbroek, Maria Pretorius, Julien S. Trokis, Dorothea V. Urbach, Mark J. Abelson, Adrian R. Horak, Aysha E. Badat, Ellen M. Makotoko, Hendrik Du Toit Theron, Padaruth Ramlachan, Clive H. Corbett, Ismail H. Mitha, Hendrik F.M. Nortje, Dirkie J. Jansen van Rensburg, Peter J. Sebastian, F.C.J. Bester, Louis J. van Zyl, Brian L. Rayner, Elżbieta Błach, Magda Dąbrowska, Grzegorz Kania, Agata E. Kelm-Warchol, Leszek P. Kinasz, Janusz Korecki, Mariusz Kruk, Ewa Laskowska-Derlaga, Andrzej Madej, Krzysztof Saminski, Katarzyna Wasilewska, Katarzyna Szymkowiak, Małgorzata Wojciechowska, Natalia Piorowska, Andrzej Dyczek, Rajpal K. Abhaichand, Ramesh B. Byrapaneni, Basavanagowdappa Hattur, Malipeddi Bhaskara Rao, Nitin Ghaisas, Sujit Shankar Kadam, Jugal B. Gupta, Santhosh M. Jayadev, V.A. Kothiwale, Atul Mathur, Vijay Bhaskar, Ravi K. Aluri, Udaya P. Ponangi, Mukesh K. Sarna, Sunil Sathe, Manish K. Sharma, Jilendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Chakrabhavi B. Keshavamurthy, Arun Srinivas, Hemant P. Thacker, A. Sharda, Johny Joseph, Sunil Dwivedi, Viswanathan Mohan, Rajendra K. Premchand, Jacques Bedard, Jean Bergeron, Ronald Collette, David Crowley, Richard Dumas, Sam Henein, Geoff Moran, William F. O’Mahony, Michael O’Mahony, Sammy Chan, Mark H. Sherman, Graham C. Wong, Brian D. Carlson, Milan K. Gupta, David Borts, Sean R. Peterson, Martyn Chilvers, Allan J. Kelly, Jean C. Gregoire, Simon Kouz, Josep Rodés Cabau, Minodora Andor, Mircea Cinteza, Radu Ciudin, Radu I. Cojan, Roxana O. Darabont, Dan-Lucian Dumitrascu, Carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticievici, Ana Gabriela Fruntelata, Constantin Militaru, Bogdon E. Minescu, Doina Luminita Serban, Florin Mitu, Dorel Nastase Melicovici, Ovidiu Petrascu, Octavian M. Pirvu, Cristian Podoleanu, Calin Pop, Rodica-Valentina V. Stanescu-Cioranu, Adrian Tase, Cristina Voiculet, Constantine N. Aroney, Anthony M. Dart, Timothy Davis, Karam Kostner, David N. O’Neal, Peter W. Purnell, Bhuwanendu B. Singh, David R. Sullivan, Peter Thompson, Gerald F. Watts, Adam F. Blenkhorn, John V. Amerena, Rafeeq Samie, Randall Hendriks, Joseph Proietto, Nikolai Petrovsky, Alan Whelan, David Colquhoun, Russell S. Scott, Simon C. Young, Tammy Pegg, Samuel JS Wilson, Andrew W. Hamer, Richard A. Luke, Hamish H. Hart, Gerard P. Devlin, Gerard T. Wilkins, Ian F. Ternouth, Samraj Nandra, Bruno S. Loeprich, Nicole McGrath, Stuart L. Tie, Rob J. Bos, Alexandra Wils, Tamara Jacobs, Erik A. Badings, Lillian A. Ebels-Tuinbeek, Mayke L. Scholten, Esther Bayraktar-Verver, Debby Zweers, Manoek Schiks, Carolien Kalkman, Tineke Tiemes, Jeanette Mulderij, Katarzyna Dabrowska, Wilma Wijnakker, Riny Van de Loo, Jeanne de Graauw, Giny Reijnierse, Mirjam van der Zeijst, Mariska Scholten, Henk R. Hofmeijer, Antoinette van Dijk-van der Zanden, Dineke J. van Belle, Jan Van Es, Gera Van Buchem, Wendy Zijda, Harald Verheij, Linnea Oldenhof-Janssen, Martina Bader, Marije Löwik, Sandra Stuij, Pascal Vantrimpont, Krista van Aken, Karen Hamilton, Han Blömer, Gabriela van Laerhoven, Raymond Tukkie, Maarten Janssen, Gerard Verdel, Jon Funke Küpper, Bob van Vlies, Caroline Kalkman, Joke Vooges, Marinella Vermaas, Rachel Langenberg, Niek Haenen, Frans Smeets, Arko Scheepmaker, Marcel Grosfeld, Ilvy Van Lieshout, Marleen van den Berg, Marian Wittekoek, Petra Mol, Antionette Stapel, Margaretha Sierevogel, Nancy van der Ven, Annemiek Berkelmans, Eric Viergever, Hanneke Kramer, Wilma Engelen, Karen V. Houwelingen, Thierry X. Wildbergh, Arend Mosterd, Coriet Hobé-Rap, Marjan van Doorn, Petra Bunschoten, Michel Freericks, Mireille Emans, Petra Den Boer-Penning, Els Verlek, Christine Freericks, Cornelis de Nooijer, Christina Welten, Ingrid Groenenberg, Claudia van der Horst, Esther Vonk, Geert Tjeerdsma, Gerard M. Jochemsen, Corinne van Daalen, Ingrid Y. Danse, Lucy Kuipers, Anke Pieterse, Antonius Oomen, Daan de Waard, Willem Jan Flu, Zusan Kromhout, Petra Van der Bij, Rob Feld, Brigitta Hessels-Linnemeijer, Rob Lardinois, Jan L. Posma, Zwanette R. Aukema-Wouda, Marjolijn Hendriks-van Woerden, Desiree van Wijk, Driek P. Beelen, Ingrid H. Hendriks, Jan J. Jonker, Stefanie Schipperen, Vicdan Köse, Gloria Rojas, Linda Goedhart, Hanneke van Meurs, Jacqueline Rijssemus, Lindy Swinkels-Diepenmaat, Marloes de Louw-Jansen, Dominique Bierens-Peters, Willem W. van Kempen, Marianne E. Wittekoek, Irmaina Agous, Geert Schenk, Janneke Wittekoek, Kevin Cox, Deborah F. Julia, Jan J.C. Jonker, Roel Janssen, Melchor Nierman, Hilligje Katerberg, Irene van der Haar, Willem W. Van Kempen, Taco van Mesdag, Leyda M. Alvarez Costa, Manon Schensema, Salomé Zweekhorst, Deborah Font Julia, Lauri Hanewinckel, Joyce Olsthoorn, Johan C. Berends, Arie C. van der Spek, Roy van der Berg, Rob J. Timmermann, Ingrid Boerema, Iryna Mudruk, Anna Khrystoforova, Serhii Kyselov, Yaroslava V. Hilova, Pavlo Logoida, Nataliia A. Sanina, Ilona P. Golikova, Olena O. Nemchyna, Ivan I. Isaichikov, Olga B. Potapova, Iurii V. Gura, Larysa Berestetska, Olena O. Kulianda, Oleksandr Tantsura, Oleksandr S. Kulbachuk, Volodymyr Petsentiy, Ihor Biskub, Tetyana Handych, Oleg Lagkuti, Alyna Gagarina, Taras Chendey, Oksana F. Bilonko, Olena Matova, Larysa Bezrodna, Olena Yarynkina, Tetiana Ovdiienko, Volodymyr Randchenko, Maryna Mospan, Olena Butko, Olga Romanenko, Mykhailo Pavelko, Iryna Sichkaruk, Svitlana O. Lazareva, Olena A. Kudryk, Inessa M. Koltsun, Tetiana Magdalits, Sergei Zadorozhniy, Kira Kompaniiets, Andrii Ivanov, Sergiy Romanenko, Pavlo Kaplan, Vadym Y. Romanov, Oksana P. Mykytyuk, Nataliia S. Zaitseva, Sergiy N. Pyvovar, Lyudmyla Burdeuna, Emerita Serdobinska, Tatiana I. Shevchenko, Igor I. Ivanytskyi, Olena V. Khyzhnyak, Nataliya Kalinkina, Olena Keting, Olena Sklyanna, Olga Kashanska, Anna Shevelok, Marina Khristichenko, Ievgenii Y. Titov, Danilenko O. Oleksander, Nataliia S. Polenova, Nataliia Altunina, Viktoriia Kororaieva, Stanislav Zborovskiy, Leonid Kholopov, Iurii Suliman, Lanna Lukashenko, Stanislav Shvaykin, Olexandr M. Glavatskiy, Roman O. Sychov, Roman L. Kulynych, Oleksandr A. Skarzhevskyi, Nataliia V. Dovgan, Marta Horbach, Olga Cherkasova, Iryna Tyshchenko, Liudmyla Todoriuk, Svitlana Kizim, Nataliia Brodi, Oleksandr Ivanko, Olga Garbarchuk, Liudmyla Alieksieieva, Tetiana L. Shandra, Olena Beregova, Larisa An Bodretska, Svitlana S. Naskalova, Ivanna A. Antoniuk-Shcheglova, Olena V. Bondarenko, Natalia G. Andreeva, Iryna I. Vakalyuk, Olha S. Chovganyuk, Nataliya R. Artemenko, Kiril A. Maltsev, Natalia Kalishevich, Natalia G. Kondratyeva, Svetlana A. Nikitina, Maria V. Martjanova, Anna V. Sokolova, Dmitrii O. Dragunov, Olga Kolesnik, Vera Larina, Oxana V. Tsygankova, Maria Ivanova, Illia A. Karpov, Elena M. Aronova, Ekaterina S. Vedernikova, Ekaterina I. Lubinskaya, Taras Y. Burak, Sergey I. Skichko, Farhad Rasulev, Ekaterina B. Soldatova, Alexander L. Fenin, Ilya I. Laptev, Elena E. Luchinkina, Alexandr Akatov, Natalia V. Polenova, Natalia N. Slavina, Irina N. Korovnika, Marina Yu Prochorova, Regina Shakirova, Elena N. Andreicheva, Olga A. Krasnova, Tinatin V. Lobzhanidze, Tatiana B. Dmitrova, Viktoriya V. Stakhiv, Maria I. Pechatnikova, Alexandra V. Panova, Maria Y. Tipikina, Oxana P. Rotar, Nikolay A. Bokovin, Saule K. Karabalieva, Farid Y. Tumarov, Elena V. Vasileva, Natalya Gennadevna Lozhkina, Ekaterina V. Filippova, Alisa I. Sharkaeva, Ekanerina V. Filippova Deilik, Natalia Yu Tolkacheva, Elena N. Domracheva, Andrey N. Ryabikov, Inga T. Abesadze, Marianna Z. Alugishvili, Elena P. Nikolaeva, Nadezda V. Smirnova, Valentina I. Rodionova, Polina V. Dolovstaya, Igor E. Yunonin, Sergey V. Kadin, Tatyana S. Sveklina, Anna V. Bushmanova, Elena L. Barkova, Irina S. Gomova, Yana V. Brytkova, Tatiana B. Ivanova, Marina Y. Zubareva, Inga Skopets, Lybov A. Galashevskaya, Emilia D. Butinskaya, Olga G. Gusarova, Natalia B. Kalishevich, Yana R. Pavlova, Marianna P Serebrenitskaya, Vitalina F. Grygorieva, Gulnara R. Kuchaeva, Inna A. Vasileva, Gulnara I. Ospanova, Yulia V. Vahrusheva, Irina A. Semenova, Irina E.E. Mikhailova, Olga O. Kvasova, Valeria D. Shurygina, Alexey E. Rivin, Alexey O. Savelyev, Alexey A. Savelyev, Olesya O. Milyaeva, Nadezhda N. Lapshina, Ninel A. Lantsova, Pavel V. Alexandrov, Evgeniy A. Orlikov, Alla Falkovskaya, Tatiana Ripp, Sergei Triss, Stanislav Pekarskiy, Sitkova Ekaterina, Evgeniya N. Zhuravleva, Olga Perova, Galina Kovaleva, Liubov Koroleva, Lydia Mishchenko, Boris P. Garshin, Svetlana A. Kutuzova, Lyudmila I. Provotorova, Igor P. Zadvorny, Olga V. Okhapkina, Anatoly O. Khrustalev, Tatiana Suvorova, Elena S. Shaf, Varvara A. Vershinina, Andrey A. Kozulin, Oxana A. Oleynik, Irina Y. Martynova, Natalia V. Kizhvatova, Alla S. Salasyuk, Vera V. Tsoma, Alla A. Ledyaeva, Elena V. Chumachek, S.C. Blignaut, Tersia Y. Alexander, Chano Du Plessis, Thirumani Govender, Samatha M. Du Toit, Leya Motala, Areesh Gassiep, Christina Naude (Smit), Marli Terblanche, Marlien Snoer (Kruger), Berenice Pillay, De Vries Basson, Marisa E. Theron, Bianca Fouche, Mareli E. Coetzee, Pieter Odendall, Frederik H. Van Wijk, Anna-Mari Conradie, Trudie Van der Westhuizen, Carine Tredoux, Mohamed S. Mookdam, Andie J. Van der Merwe, Karin Snyman, Gerda Smal, Yvonne De Jager, Thomas A. Mabin, Annusca King, Lindy L. Henley, Brenda M. Zwane, Jane Robinson, Marinda Karsten, Andonia M. Page, Valerie Nsabiyumva, Charmaine Krahenbuhl, Jaiprakash D. Patel, Yunus E. Motala, Ayesha Dawood, Nondumiso B. Koza, Lenore M.S. Peters, Shavashni Ramlachan, Wilhelm J. Bodenstein, Pierre Roux, Lizelle Fouche, Cecilia M. Boshoff, Haroon M. Mitha, Fathima Khan, Henry P. Cyster, Helen Cyster, E. C. Wessels, Florence J. Jacobs, Melanie A. Sebastian, Deborah A. Sebastian, Nadia Mahomed, Ignatius P. Immink, Celia Cotzee, Tanja Cronje, Madele Roscher, Maria Le Roux, Yvonne A. Trinder, Renata Wnętrzak-Michalska, Magdalena Piszczek, Andrzej Piela, Ewa Czernecka, Dorota Knychas, Alina Walczak, Izabella Gładysz, Katarzyna Filas, Ewelina Kiluk, Krzysztof Świgło, Iwona Jędrzejczyk, Kamila Łuczyńska, Katarzyna Tymendorf, Wojciech Piesiewicz, Wojciech L. Kinasz, Stefan Samborski, Ilona Bartuś, Gramzyna Latocha Korecka, Ewa Gulaj, Jolanta Sopa, Bogusław Derlaga, Marcin Baisiak, Allicia Kowalisko, Edyta Stainszewska-Marasazlek, Bartosz Szafran, Malgorzata Swiatkiewicz, Artur Racewicz, Sławomir Grycel, Jerzy Supronik, Sylwia Walendziuk, Magdalena Tarantowicz, Agata Stasiak, Anna Sidorowicz-Białynicka, Marek Dwojak, Ewa Jaźwińska-Tarnawska, Katarzyna Kupczyk, Kamila Martowska, Kamila Kulon, Katarzyna Gajda, Bivin Wilson, Krithika Velusamy, Swaidha S. Sadhiq, Bhavani Siddeshi, M. Bhanukumar, Abhishek Srivatsav, Madhan Ramesh, Sri Harsha Chalasani, Mini Johnson, Prashanth Gopu, Jeesa George, Sowmya Reddy, Swetha Tessy Thara Eleena, Damodara Rao Kodem, Haritha N. Nakkella, Padma Kumari Mandula, Anjan Kumar Vuriya, Syamala Rajana, Aruna Kale, Tiwari Rajeev, Raina Jain, Vipin Jain, Srilakshmi Mandayam Adhyapak, Lumin Sheeba, Uma C R, Ramya R, Aditya V. Kulkarni, M.S. Ganachari, Ruma Sambrekar, Mohammad Bilal, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Ravi Badhavath, Sravan Kumar, Meenakshi Simhadri, Farooque Salamuddin, Venkat Prasad, Vivek Dwivedi, Sudha Sarna, Tilak Arora, Deepak Chawla, Archana Sathe, Chaware Gayatree, Ajeet Nanda, Ram Avtar, Jyoti Sharma, Vaibhavi P S, Sasirekha D, Deepthi Kobbajji, Ramya Ningappa, Shwetha Shree, Chandrashekar K, Nandini M R, Sowjanya S, Devika I G, Yashaswini N, Sonika G, Rathna L, Priyanka R, Rupal J. Shrimanker, Lakshmi Vinutha Reddy, K. Sumathi, Babitha Devi, Bina N. Naik, Rohini Manjunath, Rajeshwari Ashok, Tony V. Kunjumon, Jesline Thomas, Shaik Samdhani, Kasthuri Selvam, Poongothai Subramani, Nandakumar Parthasarathy, Nirmal K. Bohra, Anvesh K. Gatla, Cheryl Horbatuk, Julie Sills, E B. Davey, Liz Paramonczyk, Olga Racanelli, Sandy Strybosch, Andre Belanger, Jean Palardy, Alicia Schiffrin, Sylvie Gauthier, Norman Kalyniuk, Shawn D. Whatley, Heather Lappala, Grishma Patel, Matthew Reeve, Catherine Moran, Jody Everitt, Teresa Ferrari, Christine Bouffard, Jirir Frohlich, Gordon Francis, John Mancini, Gregory Bondy, Debbie DeAngelis, Patricia Fulton, David W. Blank, Angela Lombardo, Mylène Roy, Jackie Chow, Hyman Fox, William J. Grootendorst, Angela Hutchinson, Sharon M. Chan, Christie Fitzgerald, Lynn Wilkins, Rebecca L. Raymond, Arlene Reyes, Lavoie Marc André, Denis Fortin, Hélène Ouimet, Thanh-Thao Tôn-Nu, Martine Dussureault, Marie-Hélène Blain, Madeleine Roy, Nathalie Kopajko, Chantal Fleury, Karine Maheux, Gabriela Valentina Ciobotaru, Maria C. Constantinescu, Carmen-Lucia Gherghinescu, Ana-Maria Avram, Ioan Manitiu, Aura Sinpetrean, Lucian Pop, Delia Lupu, Radu Usvat, Ana Petrisor, Nicoleta Dumitru, Camelia Moruju, Adelina Gheorghita, Magda V. Mitu, Cosmin Macarie, Ana Maria Pop, Maria-Catalina Diaconu, Iulia Grancea, Mihaela Cosma, Mihaela Crisan, Elizabeth Herron, Paul Nestel, Sally B. Kay, Kaye S. Carter, Imran Badshah, Ashley Makepeace, Jocelyn Drinkwater, Michelle England, Azette Rafei, Kylie Patterson, Alicia Jenkins, Sybil McAuley, Sue M. Kent, Joy E. Vibert, Leonie Perrett, Thomas David, Samantha L. Kaye, Monika O’Connor, Nimalie J. Perera, Nicole T. Lai, Kerry A. Kearins, Christinia Dicamillo, Heather Anderson, Louise Ferguson, Sharon D. Radtke, Charles T. Thamarappillil, Janice M. Boys, Anita K. Long, Toni Shanahan, Michael Nyguyen, Nicole Forrest, Gill Tulloch, Della Greenwell, Sarah L. Price, Aye N. Tint, Priya K. Sumithran, Tamara L. Debreceni, Lisa Walker, Mary Caruana, Kira Edwards, Maria Stathopoulos, Cilla Haywood, Dimitar Sajkov, Sharen Pringle, Anne Tabner, Kathrina Bartolay, Chamindi Abeyratne, Kylie Bragg, Patrick Mulhern, Peter Purnell, Lyn Williams, Jane Hamlyn, Aurelia Connelly, Jan Hoffman, Samantha Bailey, Jane Kerr, Zarnia Morrison, Sarah Maeder, Roberta McEwan, Prasanna Kunasekera, Patrice McGregor, Jo Young, Sharon Berry, Rick Cutfield, Michelle Choe, Catherine McNamara, Narrinder K. Shergill, Petra Crone, Miles G. Williams, Keith Dyson, Diana H. Schmid, Audrey C. Doak, Melissa Spooner, Colin Edwards, Anne Turner, Grainne M. McAnnalley, Raewyn A. Fisher, Fraser B. Hamilton, Denis H. Friedlander, Melissa R. Kirk, Jayne E. Scales, Marguerite A. McLelland, Neelam A. Dalman, Cathy E. Vickers, Carolyn Jackson, Wendy Coleman, Phillip I. Garden, and Wendy F. Arnold
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Rate ratio, Double-Blind Method, Ischemia, Risk Factors, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Coronary Artery Bypass, Stroke, Aged, business.industry, Unstable angina, Hazard ratio, Absolute risk reduction, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Number needed to treat, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background: Despite advances in surgery and pharmacotherapy, there remains significant residual ischemic risk after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods: In REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial), a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, statin-treated patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 4 g daily of icosapent ethyl or placebo. They experienced a 25% reduction in risk of a primary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) and a 26% reduction in risk of a key secondary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when compared with placebo. The current analysis reports on the subgroup of patients from the trial with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: Of the 8179 patients randomized in REDUCE-IT, a total of 1837 (22.5%) had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, with 897 patients randomized to icosapent ethyl and 940 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Randomization to icosapent ethyl was associated with a significant reduction in the primary end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63–0.92]; P =0.004), in the key secondary end point (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56–0.87]; P =0.001), and in total (first plus subsequent or recurrent) ischemic events (rate ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50–0.81]; P =0.0002) compared with placebo. This yielded an absolute risk reduction of 6.2% (95% CI, 2.3%–10.2%) in first events, with a number needed to treat of 16 (95% CI, 10–44) during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. Safety findings were similar to the overall study: beyond an increased rate of atrial fibrillation/flutter requiring hospitalization for at least 24 hours (5.0% vs 3.1%; P =0.03) and a nonsignificant increase in bleeding, occurrences of adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions: In REDUCE-IT patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, treatment with icosapent ethyl was associated with significant reductions in first and recurrent ischemic events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.
Published: 2021

5. The demise of islet allotransplantation in the United States: A call for an urgent regulatory update

Author: Rolf N. Barth, Mark A. Hardy, Dixon B. Kaufman, Raghavendra G. Mirmira, Piotr Witkowski, David A. Baidal, Raja Kandaswamy, Louis H. Philipson, Chirag S. Desai, Melena D. Bellin, Piotr J. Bachul, Jason L. Gaglia, John J. Fung, Michelle A. Josephson, Oyedolamu K. Olaitan, Jonathan A. Fridell, John B. Buse, Peter G. Stock, Jason R. Wellen, Peter L. Abrams, Robert C. Harland, Bashoo Naziruddin, Jordan Pyda, Amittha Wickrema, Camillo Ricordi, Marwan S Abouljoud, Lloyd E. Ratner, Silke V. Niederhaus, Tomasz Kozlowski, Michael Charlton, Kumar Jayant, David C. Mulligan, R. Paul Robertson, James F. Markmann, Rachael C. Forbes, Robert J. Stratta, J. Michael Millis, Anthony J. Japour, Jon S. Odorico, Marlon F. Levy, Rodolfo Alejandro, Fouad Kandeel, Appakalai N. Balamurugan, Kenneth A. Andreoni, and Yolanda T. Becker
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Transplantation, Heterologous, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, 030230 surgery, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Pharmacology (medical), Intensive care medicine, Biological Products, Transplantation, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, The Renaissance, Demise, Human cell, Islet, United States, Clinical Practice, Clinical trial, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Costs and Cost Analysis, business, Allotransplantation
Abstract: Islet allotransplantation in the United States (US) is facing an imminent demise. Despite nearly three decades of progress in the field, an archaic regulatory framework has stymied US clinical practice. Current regulations do not reflect the state-of-the-art in clinical or technical practices. In the US, islets are considered biologic drugs and "more than minimally manipulated" human cell and tissue products (HCT/Ps). In contrast, across the world, human islets are appropriately defined as "minimally manipulated tissue" and not regulated as a drug, which has led to islet allotransplantation (allo-ITx) becoming a standard-of-care procedure for selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This regulatory distinction impedes patient access to islets for transplantation in the US. As a result only 11 patients underwent allo-ITx in the US between 2016 and 2019, and all as investigational procedures in the settings of a clinical trials. Herein, we describe the current regulations pertaining to islet transplantation in the United States. We explore the progress which has been made in the field and demonstrate why the regulatory framework must be updated to both better reflect our current clinical practice and to deal with upcoming challenges. We propose specific updates to current regulations which are required for the renaissance of ethical, safe, effective, and affordable allo-ITx in the United States.
Published: 2021

6. Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG

Author: Verma, Subodh, primary, Bhatt, Deepak L., additional, Steg, Ph. Gabriel, additional, Miller, Michael, additional, Brinton, Eliot A., additional, Jacobson, Terry A., additional, Dhingra, Nitish K., additional, Ketchum, Steven B., additional, Juliano, Rebecca A., additional, Jiao, Lixia, additional, Doyle, Ralph T., additional, Granowitz, Craig, additional, Gibson, C. Michael, additional, Pinto, Duane, additional, Giugliano, Robert P., additional, Budoff, Matthew J., additional, Mason, R. Preston, additional, Tardif, Jean-Claude, additional, Ballantyne, Christie M., additional, Martens, Fabrice M.A.C., additional, Schut, Astrid, additional, Olshansky, Brian, additional, Chung, Mina, additional, Hallstrom, Al, additional, Pearce, Lesly, additional, Mehta, Cyrus, additional, Mukherjee, Rajat, additional, Chakrabarti, Anjan K., additional, Gelfand, Eli V., additional, Leary, Megan Carroll, additional, Pinto, Duane S., additional, Pride, Yuri B., additional, Ketchum, Steven, additional, Bhavanthula, Ramakrishna, additional, Chester, Gertrude, additional, Copland, Christina, additional, Diffin, Katelyn, additional, Doyle, Ralph, additional, Erz, Kurt, additional, Giaquinto, Alex, additional, Glanton, Paula, additional, Granger, Angela, additional, Iroudayassamy, Richard H., additional, Juliano, Rebecca, additional, Jin, James, additional, Klevak, Dimitry, additional, Panchal, Hardik, additional, Wang, Robert, additional, Wang, Shin-Ru, additional, Abate, Gerard, additional, Berry, Peggy J., additional, Braeckman, Rene, additional, Doogan, Declan, additional, Elson, Anne, additional, HauptmannBaker, Amy, additional, Lamela, Isabel, additional, Lubeck, Catherine, additional, Manku, Mehar, additional, Murphy, Sabina, additional, Sanford, Monica, additional, Stirtan, William, additional, Soni, Paresh, additional, Bastien, Arnaud, additional, Foster, Demetria, additional, Gascon, Evangelito, additional, Johnson, Judith, additional, Latona, Lasbert, additional, Liu, Gang, additional, Palleja, Sandra, additional, Sanjuan, Nelly, additional, Shi, Jimmy, additional, Stager, William, additional, Venkatakrishnan, Mukund, additional, Youssef-Agha, Ahmed, additional, Zhu, Julie, additional, Aertker, Leela, additional, Ankolekar, Suresh, additional, Goldberg, Lisa, additional, Rajicic, Natasa, additional, Shu, Jianfen, additional, Zou, Heng, additional, Mikhail, Magdy, additional, Dawood, Gamil, additional, Koshy, N. Mathew, additional, Mukherjee, Sandip K., additional, Abadier, Rafik, additional, Lawless, Andrea L., additional, McGuinn, William P., additional, Weintraub, Howard, additional, Rohr, Kathryn, additional, Claxton, Edmund, additional, Weiss, Robert J., additional, Klein, Terry D., additional, Nallasivan, Mani, additional, Crowley, Stephen, additional, King, Marilyn, additional, Alfieri, Anthony D., additional, Fitz-Patrick, David, additional, Loh, Irving, additional, Mayer, Nolan J., additional, Prashad, Rakesh, additional, Lederman, Samuel, additional, Weinstein, Debra, additional, Bays, Harold E., additional, Chu, Keith, additional, Maghsoudi, Alireza, additional, Thompson, Paul D., additional, Carstens, Jeff, additional, Chang, Anna, additional, Cohen, Kenneth R., additional, Dean, Julius, additional, Ellison, Howard S., additional, Erickson, Bernard, additional, Flores, Enrique A., additional, Gottlieb, Daniel W., additional, Grena, Paul, additional, Guyton, John R., additional, Jones, Peter H., additional, Joseph, John M., additional, Lepor, Norman E., additional, Lerman, Sam, additional, Matheney, Robert D., additional, Pacheco, Theodore R., additional, Russo, Michael B., additional, Rubino, John, additional, Pereira, Edward S., additional, Seals, Albert A., additional, Viera, Eduardo, additional, Steljes, Alan D., additional, Thompson, Jason, additional, Kapadia, Shaival, additional, McIvor, Michael, additional, Salazar, Jorge E., additional, Santiago, Jose O., additional, Vicari, Ralph, additional, Berk, Martin R., additional, Kaye, William A., additional, McKenzie, Marcus, additional, Podlecki, David, additional, Snyder, Brian D., additional, Nash, Stephen, additional, Herrington, David M., additional, Johnson, Wallace, additional, Lee, Joseph R., additional, Blonder, Ronald, additional, Patel, Alpa M., additional, Castello, Ramon, additional, Greco, Susan, additional, Kereiakes, Dean J., additional, Nadar, Venkatesh K., additional, Nathan, Mark, additional, Potu, Ranganatha P., additional, Sangrigoli, Robert, additional, Smalling, Richard, additional, Davis, Mitchell, additional, Braastad, Robert, additional, McCriskin, James, additional, Bodiwala, Kunal, additional, Hargrove, Joe L., additional, Graves, Mark W., additional, Emlein, George, additional, Durant, Raegan W., additional, Clower, James W., additional, Arora, Rohit, additional, Singh, Narendra, additional, Warsinger Martin, Lisa, additional, Haught, W Herbert, additional, Litt, Marc P., additional, Klein, Michael D., additional, Hoagland, Peter, additional, Goldstein, Michael, additional, Mazzella, Marco S., additional, Dunker, Daniel H., additional, Kahn, Brian H., additional, Ince, Carlos S., additional, McGrew, Frank A., additional, Lee, Jay, additional, Pan, David, additional, Khan, Salman A., additional, Elkayam, Uri, additional, Deeb, Wasim, additional, Goldberg, Anne C., additional, Brown, Christopher S., additional, Leimbach, Wayne N., additional, Backer, Thomas S., additional, Sutton, David R., additional, Gellman, Joel, additional, George, Anu R., additional, Hoffman, Alan S., additional, Kates, Mark, additional, Anand, Kishlay, additional, Bear, Robert, additional, Cavanaugh, Brendan J., additional, Reyes, Ramon G., additional, Sotolongo, Rodolfo, additional, Sabatino, Kenneth, additional, Gallagher, Kevin, additional, Sorial, Ehab, additional, Geohas, Chris, additional, Magness, Kathleen E., additional, Grunstra, Bernard P., additional, Martin, Frederik A., additional, Knapp, William S., additional, Lucas, Mel E., additional, Champlin, John J., additional, Demattia, Jason, additional, Peters, Patrick H., additional, Kirstein, Judith, additional, Randall, William J., additional, Staniloae, Cezar S., additional, Robinson, Jennifer G., additional, Adler, Alexander, additional, Case, Christopher, additional, Kaplan, Andrew J., additional, Lakin, Gregory F., additional, Goyle, Krishan K., additional, DiGiovanna, Michael J., additional, Fisher, Chester L., additional, Lillestol, Michael, additional, Robinson, Michael, additional, Perry, Robert G., additional, Levinson, Lawrence S., additional, Everhart, Brian G., additional, Madder, Robert D., additional, Martin, Earl F., additional, Martin, Earl E., additional, Alam, Imtiaz, additional, Elacion, Jose Mari L., additional, Poonawala, Robina, additional, Desta, Taddese T., additional, Robinson, Jerome A., additional, Martinez, Gilbert J., additional, Reddy, Jakkidi S., additional, Wayne, Jeffrey D., additional, Mujica Trenche, Samuel, additional, Kaplan, Westbrook I., additional, Saavedra, Rubin H., additional, DiGregorio, Michael D., additional, Bertolet, Barry D., additional, Fraser, Neil J., additional, Hart, Terence T., additional, Graf, Ronald J., additional, Jasper, David A., additional, Dunn, Michael, additional, Streja, Dan A., additional, Strobl, David J., additional, Jiang, Nan, additional, Kalen, Vicki, additional, Mascolo, Richard, additional, Samson, Mercedes B., additional, Stephens, Michael, additional, Bellard, Bret M., additional, Juarez, Mario, additional, McCarthy, Patrick J., additional, Checton, John B., additional, Stillabower, Michael, additional, Goldenberg, Edward, additional, Karim, Amin H., additional, Jaffrani, Naseem, additional, Touchon, Robert C., additional, Fruehling, Erich R., additional, Friesen, Clayton J., additional, Chaudhuri, Pradipta, additional, Morris, Frank H., additional, Broker, Robert E., additional, Patel, Rajesh J., additional, Hole, Susan, additional, Miller, Randall P., additional, Miranda, Francisco G., additional, Dar, Sadia, additional, Gentry, Shawn N., additional, Hermany, Paul, additional, Treasure, Charles B., additional, Trevino, Miguel E., additional, Acosta, Raimundo, additional, Japour, Anthony, additional, Durr, Samuel J., additional, Wang, Thomas, additional, Ganda, Om P., additional, Krichmar, Perry, additional, Arter, James L., additional, Jacoby, Douglas, additional, Schwartz, Michael A., additional, Al-Karadsheh, Amer, additional, Gencheff, Nelson E., additional, Pasquini, John A., additional, Dunbar, Richard, additional, Kohnstamm, Sarah, additional, Lozano, Hector F., additional, Welty, Francine K., additional, Pitts, Thomas L., additional, Zehnder, Brian, additional, El Hafi, Salah, additional, King, Mark A., additional, Ghitis, Arnold, additional, Bahu, Marwan M., additional, Ranjbaran Jahromi, Hooman, additional, Caputo, Ronald P., additional, Busch, Robert S., additional, Shapiro, Michael D., additional, Zavaro, Suhail, additional, Daudjee, Munib, additional, Jacobs, Shahram, additional, Shah, Vipul B., additional, Rubalcava, Frank, additional, Alhaddad, Mohsin T., additional, Lui, Henry, additional, Rajan, Raj T., additional, Saba, Fadi E., additional, Gunapooti, Mahendra Pai N, additional, Kayembe, Tshiswaka B., additional, Jennings, Timothy, additional, Strzinek, Robert A., additional, Shanik, Michael H., additional, Singh, Pradeep K., additional, Kennedy, Alastair C., additional, Rubenstein, Howard, additional, Manshadi, Ramin, additional, Ladner, Joanne, additional, Kakish, Lily, additional, Kakish, Ashley, additional, Little, Amy L., additional, Gerber, Jaime, additional, Hinchion, Nancy J., additional, Guarino, Janet, additional, Raychok, Denise, additional, Budzinski, Susan, additional, Kelley-Garvin, Kathleen, additional, Beckord, April, additional, Schlinder, Jessica, additional, Schwartzbard, Arthur, additional, Cobos, Stanley, additional, Freeman, Deborah, additional, Abisalih, David, additional, McCann, Dervilla, additional, Guy, Kylie, additional, Chase, Jennifer, additional, Samuelson, Stacey, additional, Cassidy, Madeline, additional, Tardif, Marissa, additional, Smith, Jaime, additional, Sprout, Brenna, additional, Riedeman, Nanette, additional, Goza, Julie, additional, Johnson, Lori, additional, Kraske, Chad, additional, Hastings, Sheila, additional, Dutka, Chris, additional, Smith, Stephanie, additional, McCabe, Toni, additional, Maloney, Kathleen, additional, Alfieri, Paul, additional, Hosemane, Vinay, additional, Syravanh, Chanhsamone, additional, Pau, Cindy, additional, Limcoiloc, April, additional, Carreira, Tabitha, additional, Kurosawa, Taryn S., additional, Krumian, Razmig, additional, Preston, Krista, additional, Nashed, Ashraf, additional, Schneidman-Fernandez, Daria, additional, Patterson, Jack, additional, Tsakonas, John, additional, Esaki, Jennifer, additional, Sprafka, Lynn, additional, Patel, Porous, additional, Mitchell, Brian, additional, Ross, Erin M., additional, Miller, Donna, additional, Prashad, Akash, additional, Feyler, Kristina M., additional, Juarbe, Natasha, additional, Herrera, Sandra, additional, Keiran, Sarah M., additional, Whitehead, Becky, additional, Asher, Whitney, additional, Hobbs, Coury, additional, Elie, Abbey, additional, Brooks, Jean, additional, Zaleski, Amanda L., additional, Foxen, Brenda, additional, Lapke, Barb, additional, Wright, Philippa, additional, Pavol, Bristol, additional, Carangi, Gwen, additional, Turner, Marla, additional, Sanders, Katharine W., additional, Delamar, Rikita S., additional, Wilson, Virginia L., additional, Harvel, Sarah M., additional, Cartledge, Alison M., additional, Bailey, Kaitlyn R., additional, Mahon, Kathleen, additional, Schuchard, Timothy, additional, Humbert, Jen, additional, Hanson, Mark C., additional, Cecil, Michael P., additional, Abraham, James S., additional, Benedict, Lorie, additional, Slayton, Claudia, additional, Burnett, Curtis S., additional, Ono-Lim, Rachel W., additional, Budzinski, Sharon, additional, Khan, Shubi A., additional, Goss, Sharon, additional, Techmanski, Terry, additional, Valliani, Farida, additional, Joseph, Rimla, additional, Flores, Edith, additional, Contreras, Laurn, additional, Aguillon, Ana, additional, Silvia, Carrie-Ann, additional, Martin, Maria, additional, Kerut, Edmund K., additional, Levenson, Leslie W., additional, Glade, Louis B., additional, Cospolich, Brian J., additional, Stein, Maureen W., additional, LaGuardia, Stephen P., additional, Sonza, Thelma L., additional, Fife, Tracy M., additional, Forschler, Melissa, additional, Watts, Jasmyne, additional, Fritsch, Judy, additional, Futchko, Emese, additional, Utech, Sarah, additional, Baker, Scott B., additional, Roura, Miguel F., additional, Segel, Scott A., additional, Magee, James S., additional, Jackson, Cathy, additional, Goldfaden, Rebecca F., additional, Quas, Liudmila, additional, Ortiz, Elizabeth C., additional, Simpson, Michael, additional, Foster, Robert, additional, Brian, Christopher, additional, Trimm, James, additional, Bailey, Michael, additional, Snoddy, Brian, additional, Reeder, Van, additional, Wilkinson, Rachel, additional, Settle, Harold, additional, Massey, Cynthia, additional, Maiola, Angela, additional, Hall, Michele, additional, Hall, Shelly, additional, Hall, Wanda, additional, Xenakis, Mark, additional, Barrett, Janet, additional, Campanile, Giovanni, additional, Anthou, David, additional, Neill, Susan F., additional, Karas, Steven, additional, Polanco, Enrique, additional, Schechtman, Norberto, additional, Tischner, Grace, additional, Warren, Kay, additional, St Cyr, Cynthia, additional, Kuczinski, Menna, additional, Alexander, Latrina, additional, Ibarra, Maricruz, additional, Horowitz, Barry S., additional, Steinsapir, Jaime, additional, Mangual-Coughlin, Jeanette, additional, Mooney, Brittany, additional, Vasquez, Precilia, additional, Rodkey, Kathleen, additional, Biberstein, Alexandria, additional, Ignacio, Christine, additional, Robinson, Irina, additional, Hibberd, Marcia, additional, Hoffman, Lisa B., additional, Murak, Daniel J., additional, Varavenkataraman, Raghupathy, additional, Ohlson Elliott, Theresa M., additional, Cunningham, Linda A., additional, Palmerton, Heather L., additional, Poole, Sheri, additional, Moore, Jeannine, additional, Wallace, Helene, additional, Chandler, Ted, additional, Riley, Robert, additional, Dawood, Farah, additional, Azeem, Amir, additional, Cammarata, Michael, additional, Owen, Ashleigh, additional, Aggarwal, Shivani, additional, Qureshi, Waqas, additional, Almahmoud, Mohamed, additional, Oseni, Abdullahi, additional, Leigh, Adam, additional, Barnes, Erin, additional, Pflum, Adam, additional, Aladin, Amer, additional, Blinson, Karen, additional, Wayne, Vickie, additional, Doomy, Lynda, additional, Wall, Michele, additional, Bitterman, Valerie, additional, Young, Cindi, additional, Grice, Rachel, additional, Poliakova, Lioubov, additional, Davalos, Jorge, additional, Rosenbaum, David, additional, Boulware, Mark, additional, Mazzola, Heather, additional, Strader, J. Russell, additional, Linsky, Russell, additional, Schwartz, David, additional, Graf, Elizabeth, additional, Gneiting, Alicia, additional, Palmblad, Melissa, additional, Donlin, Ashley, additional, Ensminger, Emily, additional, Garcia, Hillary, additional, Robinson, Dawn, additional, Tran, Carolyn, additional, Jacqmein, Jeffrey, additional, Bartilucci, Darlene, additional, Koren, Michael, additional, Maluchnik, Barbara, additional, Parks, Melissa, additional, Miller, Jennifer, additional, DeFosse, Cynthia, additional, Knouse, Albert B., additional, Delancey, Amy, additional, Chin, Stephanie, additional, Stephens, Thomas, additional, Sohal, Mag, additional, Ingram, Juana, additional, Kumar, Swarooparani, additional, Foley, Heather, additional, Smith, Nina, additional, McKinney, Vera, additional, Schwarz, Linda, additional, Moore, Judith, additional, Anderson, Hildreth Vernon, additional, Sdringola-Maranga, Stefano, additional, Denktas, Ali, additional, Turrentine, Elizabeth, additional, Patterson, Rhonda, additional, Marshall, John, additional, Tolar, Terri, additional, Patrick, Donna, additional, Schwartzkopf, Pamela, additional, Fletcher, Anthony M., additional, Harris, Frances R., additional, Clements, Sherry, additional, Brown, Tiffany, additional, Smith, William, additional, Baehl, Stacey J., additional, Fluty, Robin, additional, VanHamersveld, Daniel, additional, Breen, Dennis, additional, Bender, Nancy, additional, Stafford, Beverly, additional, Washington, Tamika, additional, Pike, Margaret N., additional, Stich, Mark A., additional, Jawad, Evyan, additional, Nadeem, Amin, additional, Nyland, Jill, additional, Hamer, Rhonda, additional, Calhoun, Kendra, additional, Mall, Charlotte, additional, Cadogan, Samuel, additional, Raynes, Kati, additional, Katz, Richard, additional, Marshall, Lorraine, additional, Abbas, Rashida, additional, Dinerman, Jay L., additional, Hartley, John T., additional, Lamb, Beth, additional, Eskridge, Lisa, additional, Raymond, Donna, additional, Clemmer, Kristy, additional, Fine, Denise M., additional, Beardsley, Paula, additional, Werner, Janet, additional, Mahan, Bette, additional, VanTol, Courtney, additional, Herman, Robert, additional, Raiser-Vignola, Christine, additional, McShan, Felicia, additional, Neill, Stefanie A., additional, Blick, David R., additional, Liston, Michael J., additional, Nelson, Denetta K., additional, Dorrell, Sandra K., additional, Wyman, Patricia, additional, Quraishi, Ambereen, additional, Ferro, Fernando, additional, Morris, Frank, additional, Coombs, Vicki J., additional, Mains, Autumn M., additional, Campbell, Austin A., additional, Phelps, Jeanne, additional, Geary, Cheryl A., additional, Sheridan, Ellen G., additional, Downing, Jean M., additional, Swatkowski, Arie, additional, Redden, Tish, additional, Dragutsky, Brian, additional, Thomas, Susan, additional, Mitchell, Candace, additional, Barker, Diana, additional, Turcotte, Elanie, additional, Segerson, Deborah, additional, Guy, Jill, additional, De La Mora, Karena, additional, Hong, Jennifer, additional, Do, Dennis, additional, Norris, Rose, additional, Khan, Faisal, additional, Montero, Hector, additional, Kelly-White, Stacy, additional, Cleland, Alan, additional, Alcalde-Crawford, Rosalyn, additional, Morgan, Melissa, additional, Sarabu, Brijmohan, additional, Minor, Megan, additional, Kamat, Shweta, additional, Estes, Stephanie M., additional, Harless, Nancee, additional, Disney, Alicia, additional, Pagano, Jodi L., additional, Alford, Chad M., additional, Bedwell, Noel W., additional, Hardy, Warren D., additional, DeAndrade, Kevin, additional, Elmore, Jessica G., additional, Auerbach, Eric, additional, Haney, Anthony W., additional, Brooks, Miriam H., additional, Torres, Jose, additional, Roper, Lois, additional, Backer, Terry, additional, Backer, Katie, additional, Evans, John G., additional, Silva, Ricardo A., additional, Dajani, Lorraine H., additional, Yousif, Veronica, additional, Ross, Tammy, additional, Roy, Sion K., additional, Oudiz, Ronald, additional, Hamal, Sajad, additional, Flores, Ferdinand, additional, Leahy, Amor, additional, Ayer, Debra, additional, George, Swapna, additional, Stewart, Chrisi Carine, additional, Orellana, Elvira, additional, Boccalandro, Cristina, additional, Rangel, Mary, additional, Hennings, Suzanne, additional, Vanselow, Carl, additional, Victor, Teri, additional, Birdwell, Darlene, additional, Haas, Paul, additional, Sandoval, Anthony, additional, Ciavarella, Gina, additional, Saglam, Caroline, additional, Bird, Amy, additional, Beck, Keith, additional, Poliquin, Brian, additional, Dominguez, David, additional, Tenorio, Brittany, additional, Perkins, Harvonya, additional, San Roman, Esther, additional, Bransford, Paris, additional, Lowrance, Christy, additional, Broussard, Marcy, additional, Ellis, Mary, additional, Skiles, Bobbi, additional, Hamilton, Jessica, additional, Hall, Kathryn, additional, Olvera, Diego, additional, Hartwell, Julee A., additional, Sorial, Nevien, additional, Rickman, Mary, additional, Berman, Kevin, additional, Mehta, Nirav, additional, Laborin, Annie, additional, Rothenberger, Rodger, additional, Beauvilliers, Sarah, additional, Morrell, Kathy, additional, Schachter, Michael P., additional, Perkins, Cindy L., additional, Gordon, Elizabeth A., additional, Lauer, Jennifer, additional, Bichsel, Kim, additional, Oliver, Kelly, additional, Mellor, Leslie J., additional, Demattia, Candice, additional, Schomburg, Jennifer, additional, Moreno, Yenniffer, additional, Mansur-Garza, Eduardo, additional, Rippstein, Lena, additional, Chacon, Lorie, additional, Pena, Andrea, additional, King, Michelle, additional, Richardson, Susan, additional, Jessop, Annette, additional, Tucker, Nicole, additional, Royer, Whitney, additional, Templeton, Gilbert, additional, Moell, Ann, additional, Weller, Christine, additional, Botts, Melissa J., additional, Hollon, Gretel, additional, Homberg-Pinassi, Elsa, additional, Forest, Paula, additional, Abhulhak, Aref Bin, additional, Chun-Furlong, Devona, additional, Harrington, Deborah, additional, Harlynn, Emily, additional, Schmitt, Marjorie, additional, Shelsky, Constance, additional, Feldick, Patricia, additional, Cherrico, Mary, additional, Jagle, Courtney, additional, Warnecke, Nicholas, additional, Myer, Debra, additional, Ruder, Deanna J., additional, Underwood, Albina, additional, Rauba, Alan, additional, Carr, George, additional, Oberhaus, Barbara, additional, Vanderfeltz, Jessica, additional, Stucky-Heil, Mary Jo, additional, Gibson, Dale R., additional, Fuentes, Vonnie, additional, Talbot, Kimberly L., additional, Simon, William C., additional, Grimes, Katlyn J., additional, Wheeler, Christina R., additional, Shultz, Cassaundra, additional, Metcalf, Rhonda A., additional, Hill, Jennifer L., additional, Oliver, Michelle R., additional, Ahmad, Basharat, additional, Azeem, Fouzal, additional, Rahim, Abdul, additional, Freeman, George H., additional, Bloch, Dawn, additional, Freeman, Heather, additional, Brown, Jamie, additional, Rosbach, Sarah, additional, Melander, Pamela, additional, Taralson, Nick, additional, Liu, Alex, additional, Harms, Katlyn, additional, Michale, Mahfouz, additional, Lopez, Jose, additional, Revoredo, Maria, additional, Edevane, Shari, additional, Shawley, Sarah, additional, Jackson, Timothy L., additional, Oliver, Michael J., additional, DeSalle, Dina, additional, Matlock, Patricia J., additional, Beraun, Ionna M., additional, Hendrix, Heather, additional, Bromley, Garrett, additional, Niemerski, Ashley, additional, Teran, Gabby, additional, Guerrero, Sonia, additional, Marvi, Murtaza, additional, Palanpurwala, Zehra, additional, Torres, Andrea, additional, Gloyd, Patty, additional, Conger, Michelle, additional, Laurent, Aziz, additional, Nayor, Olia, additional, Villanueva, Catalina S., additional, Khambati, Munira, additional, Mumford, Tabetha J., additional, Castillo, Melanie J., additional, Desta, Taddese, additional, Robinson, Jerome, additional, Woods, La Shawn, additional, Bahri, Anita, additional, Herrera, Nancy, additional, Casaclang, Cecilia, additional, Unger, Jeffrey R., additional, Martinez, Geraldine, additional, Moon, Mia K., additional, Mohaupt, Stephen M., additional, Sandoval, Larry, additional, Valenzuela, Louisito, additional, Ramirez, Victora, additional, Mata, Nelly, additional, Avila, Veronica, additional, Patino, Marisol, additional, Montano-Pereira, Cynthia, additional, Barnett, Omar, additional, Webster, William M., additional, Christensen, Lorraine M., additional, Bofman, Leighna, additional, Livingston, Melanie, additional, Adams, Stacey, additional, Hobbs, Joseph, additional, Koskela, Leesa, additional, Katz, Mia, additional, Mujica-Trenche, Samuel, additional, Cala, Franklin, additional, Rana, Noreen T., additional, Scarlett, Jennifer, additional, Cala Anaya, Milagros, additional, Jones, Marsha R., additional, Hollis, Kelly D., additional, Roth, Debbie, additional, Eads, Kristin, additional, Watts, Tina, additional, Perkins, Judy, additional, Arnold, Alice, additional, Ginsberg, Daniel C., additional, Quinn, Denise, additional, Cureton, Nicole, additional, Fittingoff, David B., additional, Iqbal, Mohammed I., additional, White, Stephen R., additional, Sisneros, Edith, additional, Ducca, Michelle, additional, Streja, David, additional, Campos, Danny, additional, Boak, Jennifer L., additional, Amir, Farzeen, additional, Anderson, Felice, additional, Kmetzo, James J., additional, Bongarzone, Mary O., additional, Scott, Dawn, additional, De Leon, Mary Grace, additional, Buda, Cynthia, additional, Graettinger, William, additional, Alex, Michelle, additional, Hess, Erika, additional, Govoni, James, additional, Bartel, Melissa, additional, Monchamp, Travis L., additional, Roach, Julie S., additional, Gibson, Sara, additional, Allfrey, Amy M., additional, Timpy, Kristen, additional, Bott, Kathy, additional, Soucy, Karin A., additional, Willis, Jean, additional, Valerio, Cecilia A., additional, Chunduri, Anusha, additional, Coker, Rebecca, additional, Vidrine, Nicole, additional, Thompson, Ellen A., additional, Studeny, Mark A., additional, Marcum, Melissa K., additional, Monway, Tammy S., additional, Kosmicki, Douglas L., additional, Kelley, Melissa J., additional, Godfrey, Corey M., additional, Krenk, Susan L., additional, Holcomb, Randy R., additional, Baehr, Deb K., additional, Trauernicht, Mary K., additional, Rowland Lowry, David, additional, Bondy Herts, Betty, additional, Phelps, Jeanne E, additional, Downing, Jean-Marie, additional, Gamer Dignon, Carol, additional, Cockrill, Elisabeth S., additional, Chapla, Pravinchandra G., additional, Fera, Diane, additional, Chang, Margaret, additional, Fredette, Patricia, additional, Ashby, Tamie, additional, Bergin, Renee, additional, Stearns, Zebediah A., additional, Ware, David B., additional, Boudreaux, Rachael M., additional, Rodriguez, Joanna, additional, McKenzie, Robert, additional, Huber, Amanda, additional, Sommers, Rebecca, additional, Rowe, Heather, additional, McLallen, Stacy, additional, Haynes, Michale, additional, Adamson, Ashley, additional, Henderson, Janice, additional, McClure, Lori, additional, Harris, Beverly A., additional, Ference, Laura, additional, Meissner-Dengler, Sue, additional, Treasure, Lisa, additional, Nicely, Doreen, additional, Light, Timothy L., additional, Osborn, Tracey A., additional, Mai, Kimberly J., additional, Vivas, Pablo, additional, Rios, Jose, additional, Rodriguez, Dunia, additional, DeRaad, Roger, additional, Walder, James, additional, Bailon, Oscar, additional, Hockett, Denice, additional, Anderson, Debbie, additional, McIntosh, Kelli, additional, Odegard, Amber, additional, Shepherd, Andrew, additional, Seifert, Mary, additional, Kelley, Laurence, additional, Shetty, Rajendra, additional, Castine, Michael, additional, Brill, David, additional, Fisher, Gregory, additional, Richmond, Nicole, additional, Gray, Kathleen, additional, Miller, Patricia, additional, Coneys, Charlene, additional, Chanza, Yarixa, additional, Sumoza, Monica, additional, Caudill, Victoria M., additional, Harris, Kelly D., additional, Manion, Courtney A., additional, Lineberger-Moore, Melody J., additional, Wolfe, Julie J., additional, Rosen, Barbara J., additional, DiVito, Patricia, additional, Moffat, Janet L., additional, Michaelis, Christina, additional, Koshy, Prashant, additional, Perea, Diana, additional, Al Yacoub, Ghaith, additional, Sadeghi, Stephanie, additional, LeGalley, Thomas D., additional, Evonich, Rudolph F., additional, Jean, William J., additional, Friesen, Gary M., additional, Pap, John M., additional, Pesola, David A., additional, Cowan, Mark D., additional, Dosh, Kristofer M., additional, Larson, Dianna, additional, Price, Adele M., additional, Nease, Jodi A., additional, Anderson, Jane E., additional, Piggott, Lori A., additional, Iwaoka, Robert, additional, Sharkey, Kevin, additional, McMillan, Edward, additional, Lowder, Laurie, additional, Morgan, Latisha, additional, Davis, Kyle, additional, Caldwell, Tara, additional, Breglio, Erica, additional, Summers, Jasmine, additional, Poulimas, Rachel, additional, Zahid, Muhammad, additional, Syed, Hamid, additional, Escobar, Maria, additional, Levy, Jacob, additional, Warsi, Rahma, additional, Ma, Carol, additional, Cen, Puxiao, additional, Cawthon, Kimberly A., additional, Barnes, Delores B., additional, Allen, Deanna G., additional, Warrington, Margaret L., additional, Stastny, Carol R., additional, Michaels, Robin J., additional, Saleh, Mohamad, additional, Sorin, John, additional, Rathod, Sunny, additional, Juett, Urakay, additional, Spencer, Steven, additional, Keval, Aziza, additional, McBride, Jill, additional, Young, Shane, additional, Baxter, Catherine, additional, Rasmussen, Carol, additional, Coxe, Shari L., additional, Campos, Luis, additional, Tavackoli, Shahin, additional, Beckham, Diana, additional, Sanchez, Darlynee, additional, Basrai, Karanjit, additional, Helms, Dorian, additional, Clinton, Erica, additional, Smith, Kasie, additional, Cusnir, Henry, additional, Klaus Clark, Mary, additional, Cherukuri, Madhavagopal V., additional, Scarfaru, Ameta, additional, Nash, Stephen D., additional, Grimm, Loretta C., additional, Grace, Anna, additional, McElheran, Kylie, additional, Subasic, Dino, additional, Buhay, Zedrick, additional, Litvinoff, Janet, additional, Shah, Deepak, additional, Cervantes, Shannon, additional, Usher, Freda, additional, Yasser, Farra, additional, Trusevich, Theodore, additional, Garcia, Ronnie L., additional, Wyatt, Jamison, additional, Bose, Rahul, additional, Miska, Holllilyn, additional, Spivey, Traci, additional, Wren, Amy B., additional, Vance, Katie E., additional, Holman, Lani L., additional, Gibbons, Pam, additional, Eby, Elaine, additional, Shepard, Sandra, additional, Charoenthongtrakul, Soratree, additional, Snodgrass, Brett, additional, Nazem, Mohammed, additional, Keteenburg, Shelly, additional, Murthy, Prathima, additional, Prater, Frederic, additional, Rumfelt, Ashley, additional, Eizensmits, Christina, additional, Iannuzzi, Lisa, additional, Patel, Pourus R., additional, Bergamino, Clellia, additional, McFeaters, Elizabeth, additional, Rizk, Botros, additional, Pflaum, Emiljia, additional, Kalish, Danny, additional, Ambatali, Rex, additional, Ameli, Mona, additional, Sanguinetti, Delaina, additional, Vaidya, Rakesh, additional, Broeders, Martinus A.W., additional, Henrikus, Dorman, additional, Kuijper, Adrianus F.M., additional, Al-Windy, Nadea, additional, Magro, Michael, additional, Hamraoui, Karim, additional, Aksoy, Ismail, additional, Vermeiren, Guy L.J., additional, Roeters van Lennep, H.W.O., additional, Hoedemaker, Gerard, additional, Remmen, Johannes Jacobus, additional, Bogaard, Kjell, additional, van der Heijden, Dirk, additional, Knufman, Nicole MJ, additional, Frederiks, Joost, additional, Louwerenburg, Johannes Willem, additional, van Rossum, Piet, additional, Milhous, Johannes, additional, van der Meer, Peter, additional, van der Weerdt, Arno, additional, Breedveld, Rob, additional, Keijzers, Mitran, additional, Hermans, Walter, additional, van de Wal, Ruud, additional, Zwart, Peter A.G., additional, van der Linden, Marc M.J.M., additional, Zwiers, Gerardus, additional, Boswijk, Dirk J., additional, Geert Tans, Jan, additional, van Eck, Jacob, additional, Hessen, Maarten V., additional, Hamer, Barnabas J.B., additional, Zoet-Nugteren, Stieneke, additional, Theunissen, Lucien, additional, van Beek, E.A., additional, Nijmeijer, Remco, additional, Nierop, Pieter R., additional, Linssen, Gerard, additional, Swart, H.P., additional, Lenderink, Timo, additional, Bartels, Gerard L., additional, den Hartog, Frank, additional, Berg van den, Brian J., additional, van Kempen, Wouter, additional, Kentgens, Susanne, additional, Rojas Lingan, Gloria M., additional, Peeters, Martinus M., additional, Keterberg, Hilligje, additional, Nierman, Melchior, additional, den Hollander, Annemieke K., additional, Hoogendijk, Jacqueline, additional, Voors-Pette, Christine, additional, Kose, Vicdan, additional, Viergever, Peter, additional, Yena, Larysa, additional, Syvolap, Viktor, additional, Kopytsya, Mykola P., additional, Barna, Olga, additional, Panina, Svitlana S., additional, Lutai, Mykhailo I., additional, Shershnyova, Oxana V., additional, Luzkiv, Iryna, additional, Bula, Larysa S., additional, Zotov, Sergii, additional, Vyjhovaniuk, Ivan, additional, Lysunets, Olena, additional, Koshlia, Volodymyr I., additional, Sydor, Nataliya, additional, Vayda, Myroslava F., additional, Ushakov, Olexiy, additional, Rishko, Mykola, additional, Shcherbak, Viktor P., additional, Svyshchenko, Yevgeniya, additional, Tseluyko, Vira, additional, Yagensky, Andriy, additional, Zolotaikina, Viktoriia I., additional, Godlevska, Olga, additional, Ivanova, Larysa, additional, Koval, Olena, additional, Mitchenko, Olena I., additional, Kardash, Galyna Y., additional, Rudyk, Yurii S., additional, Stanislavchuk, Mykola, additional, Ivanovych Volkov, Volodymyr, additional, Karlinskaya, Olena G., additional, Tykhonova, Susanna A., additional, Vatutin, Nikolay, additional, Smirnova, Ganna, additional, Kovalenko, Volodymyr M., additional, Lizogub, Viktor, additional, Sebov, Denys, additional, Dyadyk, Oleksandr, additional, Andrievskaya, Svetlana, additional, Krasko, Mykola P., additional, Parkhomenko, Alexander N., additional, Horbach, Lidiya, additional, Kupnovytska, Iryna G., additional, Pertseva, Tetyana, additional, Karpenko, Oleksandr, additional, Reshotko, Dmytro, additional, Zhurba, Svitlana V., additional, Rudenko, Leonid, additional, Yu Zharinova, Viktoriia, additional, Shatylo, Valerii B., additional, Karpenko, Yuriy I., additional, Orynchak, Mariya A., additional, Kameneva, Tatiana R., additional, Zherlitsina, Elena, additional, Alpenidze, Diana N., additional, Arutyunov, Grigoriy P., additional, Baranova, Elena, additional, Bart, Boris, additional, Belenkiy, Dmitriy I., additional, Boldueva, Svetlana A., additional, Demchenko, Elena A., additional, Eltishcheva, Vera V., additional, Gofman, Alexander M., additional, Goloshchekin, Boris M., additional, Gennadyevich Gordeev, Ivan, additional, Gratsianskiy, Nikolay, additional, Kamalov, Gadel, additional, Khasanov, Niyaz R., additional, Kholina, Irina M., additional, Kobalava, Zhanna D., additional, Kobeleva, Elena V., additional, Konradi, Alexandra O., additional, Kostenko, Victor A., additional, Dmitrievich Kuimov, Andrey, additional, Ermakova, Polina Y., additional, Malyutina, Sofia K., additional, Panov, Alexey V., additional, Polezhaeva, Natalia V., additional, Reshetko, Olga, additional, Shilkina, Nataliya P., additional, Shustov, Sergey B., additional, Smolyarchuk, Elena A., additional, Stryuk, Raisa I., additional, Yurievnar Solovieva, Elena, additional, Susekov, Andrey V., additional, Vezikova, Natalia, additional, Ivanova, Svetlana N., additional, Petrov, Alexander A., additional, Konstantinov, Vladimir O., additional, Agafina, Alina S., additional, Gurevich, Victor, additional, Zrazhevskiy, Konstantin N., additional, Supryadkina, Tatiana V., additional, Perepech, Nikita B., additional, Arkhipovskiy, Vadim L., additional, Yu Butko, Dmitry, additional, Zobenko, Irina A., additional, Orlikova, Olga V., additional, Mordovin, Viktor, additional, Barbarash, Olga L., additional, Lebedeva, Anastasiya, additional, Nosov, Vladimir, additional, Averkov, Oleg V., additional, Pavlikova, Elena P., additional, Karpov, Yuri B., additional, Lvovna Giorgadze, Marina, additional, Khrustalev, Oleg A., additional, Arkhipov, Mikhail, additional, Raskina, Tatiana A., additional, Shilko, Julia V., additional, Samoilova, Yulia, additional, Kosmacheva, Elena D., additional, Nedogoda, Sergey V., additional, Coetzee, Kathleen, additional, Burgess, Lesley J., additional, Theron, F.C.R., additional, Ebrahim, Iftikhar O., additional, Haasbroek, Gerbrand A., additional, Pretorius, Maria, additional, Trokis, Julien S., additional, Urbach, Dorothea V., additional, Abelson, Mark J., additional, Horak, Adrian R., additional, Badat, Aysha E., additional, Makotoko, Ellen M., additional, Du Toit Theron, Hendrik, additional, Ramlachan, Padaruth, additional, Corbett, Clive H., additional, Mitha, Ismail H., additional, Nortje, Hendrik F.M., additional, Jansen van Rensburg, Dirkie J., additional, Sebastian, Peter J., additional, Bester, F.C.J., additional, van Zyl, Louis J., additional, Rayner, Brian L., additional, Błach, Elżbieta, additional, Dąbrowska, Magda, additional, Kania, Grzegorz, additional, Kelm-Warchol, Agata E., additional, Kinasz, Leszek P., additional, Korecki, Janusz, additional, Kruk, Mariusz, additional, Laskowska-Derlaga, Ewa, additional, Madej, Andrzej, additional, Saminski, Krzysztof, additional, Wasilewska, Katarzyna, additional, Szymkowiak, Katarzyna, additional, Wojciechowska, Małgorzata, additional, Piorowska, Natalia, additional, Dyczek, Andrzej, additional, Abhaichand, Rajpal K., additional, Byrapaneni, Ramesh B., additional, Hattur, Basavanagowdappa, additional, Bhaskara Rao, Malipeddi, additional, Ghaisas, Nitin, additional, Shankar Kadam, Sujit, additional, Gupta, Jugal B., additional, Jayadev, Santhosh M., additional, Kothiwale, V.A., additional, Mathur, Atul, additional, Bhaskar, Vijay, additional, Aluri, Ravi K., additional, Ponangi, Udaya P., additional, Sarna, Mukesh K., additional, Sathe, Sunil, additional, Sharma, Manish K., additional, Singh Sawhney, Jilendra Pal, additional, Keshavamurthy, Chakrabhavi B., additional, Srinivas, Arun, additional, Thacker, Hemant P., additional, Sharda, A., additional, Joseph, Johny, additional, Dwivedi, Sunil, additional, Mohan, Viswanathan, additional, Premchand, Rajendra K., additional, Bedard, Jacques, additional, Bergeron, Jean, additional, Collette, Ronald, additional, Crowley, David, additional, Dumas, Richard, additional, Henein, Sam, additional, Moran, Geoff, additional, O’Mahony, William F., additional, O’Mahony, Michael, additional, Chan, Sammy, additional, Sherman, Mark H., additional, Wong, Graham C., additional, Carlson, Brian D., additional, Gupta, Milan K., additional, Borts, David, additional, Peterson, Sean R., additional, Chilvers, Martyn, additional, Kelly, Allan J., additional, Gregoire, Jean C., additional, Kouz, Simon, additional, Rodés Cabau, Josep, additional, Andor, Minodora, additional, Cinteza, Mircea, additional, Ciudin, Radu, additional, Cojan, Radu I., additional, Darabont, Roxana O., additional, Dumitrascu, Dan-Lucian, additional, Fierbinteanu-Braticievici, Carmen, additional, Fruntelata, Ana Gabriela, additional, Militaru, Constantin, additional, Minescu, Bogdon E., additional, Luminita Serban, Doina, additional, Mitu, Florin, additional, Nastase Melicovici, Dorel, additional, Petrascu, Ovidiu, additional, Pirvu, Octavian M., additional, Podoleanu, Cristian, additional, Pop, Calin, additional, Stanescu-Cioranu, Rodica-Valentina V., additional, Tase, Adrian, additional, Voiculet, Cristina, additional, Aroney, Constantine N., additional, Dart, Anthony M., additional, Davis, Timothy, additional, Kostner, Karam, additional, O’Neal, David N., additional, Purnell, Peter W., additional, Singh, Bhuwanendu B., additional, Sullivan, David R., additional, Thompson, Peter, additional, Watts, Gerald F., additional, Blenkhorn, Adam F., additional, Amerena, John V., additional, Samie, Rafeeq, additional, Hendriks, Randall, additional, Proietto, Joseph, additional, Petrovsky, Nikolai, additional, Whelan, Alan, additional, Colquhoun, David, additional, Scott, Russell S., additional, Young, Simon C., additional, Pegg, Tammy, additional, Wilson, Samuel JS, additional, Hamer, Andrew W., additional, Luke, Richard A., additional, Hart, Hamish H., additional, Devlin, Gerard P., additional, Wilkins, Gerard T., additional, Ternouth, Ian F., additional, Nandra, Samraj, additional, Loeprich, Bruno S., additional, McGrath, Nicole, additional, Tie, Stuart L., additional, Bos, Rob J., additional, Wils, Alexandra, additional, Jacobs, Tamara, additional, Badings, Erik A., additional, Ebels-Tuinbeek, Lillian A., additional, Scholten, Mayke L., additional, Bayraktar-Verver, Esther, additional, Zweers, Debby, additional, Schiks, Manoek, additional, Kalkman, Carolien, additional, Tiemes, Tineke, additional, Mulderij, Jeanette, additional, Dabrowska, Katarzyna, additional, Wijnakker, Wilma, additional, Van de Loo, Riny, additional, de Graauw, Jeanne, additional, Reijnierse, Giny, additional, van der Zeijst, Mirjam, additional, Scholten, Mariska, additional, Hofmeijer, Henk R., additional, van Dijk-van der Zanden, Antoinette, additional, van Belle, Dineke J., additional, Van Es, Jan, additional, Van Buchem, Gera, additional, Zijda, Wendy, additional, Verheij, Harald, additional, Oldenhof-Janssen, Linnea, additional, Bader, Martina, additional, Löwik, Marije, additional, Stuij, Sandra, additional, Vantrimpont, Pascal, additional, van Aken, Krista, additional, Hamilton, Karen, additional, Blömer, Han, additional, van Laerhoven, Gabriela, additional, Tukkie, Raymond, additional, Janssen, Maarten, additional, Verdel, Gerard, additional, Funke Küpper, Jon, additional, van Vlies, Bob, additional, Kalkman, Caroline, additional, Vooges, Joke, additional, Vermaas, Marinella, additional, Langenberg, Rachel, additional, Haenen, Niek, additional, Smeets, Frans, additional, Scheepmaker, Arko, additional, Grosfeld, Marcel, additional, Van Lieshout, Ilvy, additional, van den Berg, Marleen, additional, Wittekoek, Marian, additional, Mol, Petra, additional, Stapel, Antionette, additional, Sierevogel, Margaretha, additional, van der Ven, Nancy, additional, Berkelmans, Annemiek, additional, Viergever, Eric, additional, Kramer, Hanneke, additional, Engelen, Wilma, additional, Houwelingen, Karen V., additional, Wildbergh, Thierry X., additional, Mosterd, Arend, additional, Hobé-Rap, Coriet, additional, van Doorn, Marjan, additional, Bunschoten, Petra, additional, Freericks, Michel, additional, Emans, Mireille, additional, Den Boer-Penning, Petra, additional, Verlek, Els, additional, Freericks, Christine, additional, de Nooijer, Cornelis, additional, Welten, Christina, additional, Groenenberg, Ingrid, additional, van der Horst, Claudia, additional, Vonk, Esther, additional, Tjeerdsma, Geert, additional, Jochemsen, Gerard M., additional, van Daalen, Corinne, additional, Danse, Ingrid Y., additional, Kuipers, Lucy, additional, Pieterse, Anke, additional, Oomen, Antonius, additional, de Waard, Daan, additional, Jan Flu, Willem, additional, Kromhout, Zusan, additional, Van der Bij, Petra, additional, Feld, Rob, additional, Hessels-Linnemeijer, Brigitta, additional, Lardinois, Rob, additional, Posma, Jan L., additional, Aukema-Wouda, Zwanette R., additional, Hendriks-van Woerden, Marjolijn, additional, van Wijk, Desiree, additional, Beelen, Driek P., additional, Hendriks, Ingrid H., additional, Jonker, Jan J., additional, Schipperen, Stefanie, additional, Köse, Vicdan, additional, Rojas, Gloria, additional, Goedhart, Linda, additional, van Meurs, Hanneke, additional, Rijssemus, Jacqueline, additional, Swinkels-Diepenmaat, Lindy, additional, de Louw-Jansen, Marloes, additional, Bierens-Peters, Dominique, additional, van Kempen, Willem W., additional, Wittekoek, Marianne E., additional, Agous, Irmaina, additional, Schenk, Geert, additional, Wittekoek, Janneke, additional, Cox, Kevin, additional, Julia, Deborah F., additional, Jonker, Jan J.C., additional, Janssen, Roel, additional, Nierman, Melchor, additional, Katerberg, Hilligje, additional, van der Haar, Irene, additional, Van Kempen, Willem W., additional, van Mesdag, Taco, additional, Alvarez Costa, Leyda M., additional, Schensema, Manon, additional, Zweekhorst, Salomé, additional, Font Julia, Deborah, additional, Hanewinckel, Lauri, additional, Olsthoorn, Joyce, additional, Berends, Johan C., additional, van der Spek, Arie C., additional, van der Berg, Roy, additional, Timmermann, Rob J., additional, Boerema, Ingrid, additional, Mudruk, Iryna, additional, Khrystoforova, Anna, additional, Kyselov, Serhii, additional, Hilova, Yaroslava V., additional, Logoida, Pavlo, additional, Sanina, Nataliia A., additional, Golikova, Ilona P., additional, Nemchyna, Olena O., additional, Isaichikov, Ivan I., additional, Potapova, Olga B., additional, Gura, Iurii V., additional, Berestetska, Larysa, additional, Kulianda, Olena O., additional, Tantsura, Oleksandr, additional, Kulbachuk, Oleksandr S., additional, Petsentiy, Volodymyr, additional, Biskub, Ihor, additional, Handych, Tetyana, additional, Lagkuti, Oleg, additional, Gagarina, Alyna, additional, Chendey, Taras, additional, Bilonko, Oksana F., additional, Matova, Olena, additional, Bezrodna, Larysa, additional, Yarynkina, Olena, additional, Ovdiienko, Tetiana, additional, Randchenko, Volodymyr, additional, Mospan, Maryna, additional, Butko, Olena, additional, Romanenko, Olga, additional, Pavelko, Mykhailo, additional, Sichkaruk, Iryna, additional, Lazareva, Svitlana O., additional, Kudryk, Olena A., additional, Koltsun, Inessa M., additional, Magdalits, Tetiana, additional, Zadorozhniy, Sergei, additional, Kompaniiets, Kira, additional, Ivanov, Andrii, additional, Romanenko, Sergiy, additional, Kaplan, Pavlo, additional, Romanov, Vadym Y., additional, Mykytyuk, Oksana P., additional, Zaitseva, Nataliia S., additional, Pyvovar, Sergiy N., additional, Burdeuna, Lyudmyla, additional, Serdobinska, Emerita, additional, Shevchenko, Tatiana I., additional, Ivanytskyi, Igor I., additional, Khyzhnyak, Olena V., additional, Kalinkina, Nataliya, additional, Keting, Olena, additional, Sklyanna, Olena, additional, Kashanska, Olga, additional, Shevelok, Anna, additional, Khristichenko, Marina, additional, Titov, Ievgenii Y., additional, Oleksander, Danilenko O., additional, Polenova, Nataliia S., additional, Altunina, Nataliia, additional, Kororaieva, Viktoriia, additional, Zborovskiy, Stanislav, additional, Kholopov, Leonid, additional, Suliman, Iurii, additional, Lukashenko, Lanna, additional, Shvaykin, Stanislav, additional, Glavatskiy, Olexandr M., additional, Sychov, Roman O., additional, Kulynych, Roman L., additional, Skarzhevskyi, Oleksandr A., additional, Dovgan, Nataliia V., additional, Horbach, Marta, additional, Cherkasova, Olga, additional, Tyshchenko, Iryna, additional, Todoriuk, Liudmyla, additional, Kizim, Svitlana, additional, Brodi, Nataliia, additional, Ivanko, Oleksandr, additional, Garbarchuk, Olga, additional, Alieksieieva, Liudmyla, additional, Shandra, Tetiana L., additional, Beregova, Olena, additional, Bodretska, Larisa An, additional, Naskalova, Svitlana S., additional, Antoniuk-Shcheglova, Ivanna A., additional, Bondarenko, Olena V., additional, Andreeva, Natalia G., additional, Vakalyuk, Iryna I., additional, Chovganyuk, Olha S., additional, Artemenko, Nataliya R., additional, Maltsev, Kiril A., additional, Kalishevich, Natalia, additional, Kondratyeva, Natalia G., additional, Nikitina, Svetlana A., additional, Martjanova, Maria V., additional, Sokolova, Anna V., additional, Dragunov, Dmitrii O., additional, Kolesnik, Olga, additional, Larina, Vera, additional, Tsygankova, Oxana V., additional, Ivanova, Maria, additional, Karpov, Illia A., additional, Aronova, Elena M., additional, Vedernikova, Ekaterina S., additional, Lubinskaya, Ekaterina I., additional, Burak, Taras Y., additional, Skichko, Sergey I., additional, Rasulev, Farhad, additional, Soldatova, Ekaterina B., additional, Fenin, Alexander L., additional, Laptev, Ilya I., additional, Luchinkina, Elena E., additional, Akatov, Alexandr, additional, Polenova, Natalia V., additional, Slavina, Natalia N., additional, Korovnika, Irina N., additional, Yu Prochorova, Marina, additional, Shakirova, Regina, additional, Andreicheva, Elena N., additional, Krasnova, Olga A., additional, Lobzhanidze, Tinatin V., additional, Dmitrova, Tatiana B., additional, Stakhiv, Viktoriya V., additional, Pechatnikova, Maria I., additional, Panova, Alexandra V., additional, Tipikina, Maria Y., additional, Rotar, Oxana P., additional, Bokovin, Nikolay A., additional, Karabalieva, Saule K., additional, Tumarov, Farid Y., additional, Vasileva, Elena V., additional, Gennadevna Lozhkina, Natalya, additional, Filippova, Ekaterina V., additional, Sharkaeva, Alisa I., additional, Filippova Deilik, Ekanerina V., additional, Yu Tolkacheva, Natalia, additional, Domracheva, Elena N., additional, Ryabikov, Andrey N., additional, Abesadze, Inga T., additional, Alugishvili, Marianna Z., additional, Nikolaeva, Elena P., additional, Smirnova, Nadezda V., additional, Rodionova, Valentina I., additional, Dolovstaya, Polina V., additional, Yunonin, Igor E., additional, Kadin, Sergey V., additional, Sveklina, Tatyana S., additional, Bushmanova, Anna V., additional, Barkova, Elena L., additional, Gomova, Irina S., additional, Brytkova, Yana V., additional, Ivanova, Tatiana B., additional, Zubareva, Marina Y., additional, Skopets, Inga, additional, Galashevskaya, Lybov A., additional, Butinskaya, Emilia D., additional, Gusarova, Olga G., additional, Kalishevich, Natalia B., additional, Pavlova, Yana R., additional, Serebrenitskaya, Marianna P, additional, Grygorieva, Vitalina F., additional, Kuchaeva, Gulnara R., additional, Vasileva, Inna A., additional, Ospanova, Gulnara I., additional, Vahrusheva, Yulia V., additional, Semenova, Irina A., additional, Mikhailova, Irina E.E., additional, Kvasova, Olga O., additional, Shurygina, Valeria D., additional, Rivin, Alexey E., additional, Savelyev, Alexey O., additional, Savelyev, Alexey A., additional, Milyaeva, Olesya O., additional, Lapshina, Nadezhda N., additional, Lantsova, Ninel A., additional, Alexandrov, Pavel V., additional, Orlikov, Evgeniy A., additional, Falkovskaya, Alla, additional, Ripp, Tatiana, additional, Triss, Sergei, additional, Pekarskiy, Stanislav, additional, Ekaterina, Sitkova, additional, Zhuravleva, Evgeniya N., additional, Perova, Olga, additional, Kovaleva, Galina, additional, Koroleva, Liubov, additional, Mishchenko, Lydia, additional, Garshin, Boris P., additional, Kutuzova, Svetlana A., additional, Provotorova, Lyudmila I., additional, Zadvorny, Igor P., additional, Okhapkina, Olga V., additional, Khrustalev, Anatoly O., additional, Suvorova, Tatiana, additional, Shaf, Elena S., additional, Vershinina, Varvara A., additional, Kozulin, Andrey A., additional, Oleynik, Oxana A., additional, Martynova, Irina Y., additional, Kizhvatova, Natalia V., additional, Salasyuk, Alla S., additional, Tsoma, Vera V., additional, Ledyaeva, Alla A., additional, Chumachek, Elena V., additional, Blignaut, S.C., additional, Alexander, Tersia Y., additional, Du Plessis, Chano, additional, Govender, Thirumani, additional, Du Toit, Samatha M., additional, Motala, Leya, additional, Gassiep, Areesh, additional, Naude (Smit), Christina, additional, Terblanche, Marli, additional, Snoer (Kruger), Marlien, additional, Pillay, Berenice, additional, Basson, De Vries, additional, Theron, Marisa E., additional, Fouche, Bianca, additional, Coetzee, Mareli E., additional, Odendall, Pieter, additional, Van Wijk, Frederik H., additional, Conradie, Anna-Mari, additional, Van der Westhuizen, Trudie, additional, Tredoux, Carine, additional, Mookdam, Mohamed S., additional, Van der Merwe, Andie J., additional, Snyman, Karin, additional, Smal, Gerda, additional, De Jager, Yvonne, additional, Mabin, Thomas A., additional, King, Annusca, additional, Henley, Lindy L., additional, Zwane, Brenda M., additional, Robinson, Jane, additional, Karsten, Marinda, additional, Page, Andonia M., additional, Nsabiyumva, Valerie, additional, Krahenbuhl, Charmaine, additional, Patel, Jaiprakash D., additional, Motala, Yunus E., additional, Dawood, Ayesha, additional, Koza, Nondumiso B., additional, Peters, Lenore M.S., additional, Ramlachan, Shavashni, additional, Bodenstein, Wilhelm J., additional, Roux, Pierre, additional, Fouche, Lizelle, additional, Boshoff, Cecilia M., additional, Mitha, Haroon M., additional, Khan, Fathima, additional, Cyster, Henry P., additional, Cyster, Helen, additional, Wessels, E. C., additional, Jacobs, Florence J., additional, Sebastian, Melanie A., additional, Sebastian, Deborah A., additional, Mahomed, Nadia, additional, Immink, Ignatius P., additional, Cotzee, Celia, additional, Cronje, Tanja, additional, Roscher, Madele, additional, Le Roux, Maria, additional, Trinder, Yvonne A., additional, Wnętrzak-Michalska, Renata, additional, Piszczek, Magdalena, additional, Piela, Andrzej, additional, Czernecka, Ewa, additional, Knychas, Dorota, additional, Walczak, Alina, additional, Gładysz, Izabella, additional, Filas, Katarzyna, additional, Kiluk, Ewelina, additional, Świgło, Krzysztof, additional, Jędrzejczyk, Iwona, additional, Łuczyńska, Kamila, additional, Tymendorf, Katarzyna, additional, Piesiewicz, Wojciech, additional, Kinasz, Wojciech L., additional, Samborski, Stefan, additional, Bartuś, Ilona, additional, Latocha Korecka, Gramzyna, additional, Gulaj, Ewa, additional, Sopa, Jolanta, additional, Derlaga, Bogusław, additional, Baisiak, Marcin, additional, Kowalisko, Allicia, additional, Stainszewska-Marasazlek, Edyta, additional, Szafran, Bartosz, additional, Swiatkiewicz, Malgorzata, additional, Racewicz, Artur, additional, Grycel, Sławomir, additional, Supronik, Jerzy, additional, Walendziuk, Sylwia, additional, Tarantowicz, Magdalena, additional, Stasiak, Agata, additional, Sidorowicz-Białynicka, Anna, additional, Dwojak, Marek, additional, Jaźwińska-Tarnawska, Ewa, additional, Kupczyk, Katarzyna, additional, Martowska, Kamila, additional, Kulon, Kamila, additional, Gajda, Katarzyna, additional, Wilson, Bivin, additional, Velusamy, Krithika, additional, Sadhiq, Swaidha S., additional, Siddeshi, Bhavani, additional, Bhanukumar, M., additional, Srivatsav, Abhishek, additional, Ramesh, Madhan, additional, Harsha Chalasani, Sri, additional, Johnson, Mini, additional, Gopu, Prashanth, additional, George, Jeesa, additional, Reddy, Sowmya, additional, Thara Eleena, Swetha Tessy, additional, Rao Kodem, Damodara, additional, Nakkella, Haritha N., additional, Kumari Mandula, Padma, additional, Kumar Vuriya, Anjan, additional, Rajana, Syamala, additional, Kale, Aruna, additional, Rajeev, Tiwari, additional, Jain, Raina, additional, Jain, Vipin, additional, Mandayam Adhyapak, Srilakshmi, additional, Sheeba, Lumin, additional, C R, Uma, additional, R, Ramya, additional, Kulkarni, Aditya V., additional, Ganachari, M.S., additional, Sambrekar, Ruma, additional, Bilal, Mohammad, additional, Chakravarthy, Kalyan, additional, Badhavath, Ravi, additional, Kumar, Sravan, additional, Simhadri, Meenakshi, additional, Salamuddin, Farooque, additional, Prasad, Venkat, additional, Dwivedi, Vivek, additional, Sarna, Sudha, additional, Arora, Tilak, additional, Chawla, Deepak, additional, Sathe, Archana, additional, Gayatree, Chaware, additional, Nanda, Ajeet, additional, Avtar, Ram, additional, Sharma, Jyoti, additional, P S, Vaibhavi, additional, D, Sasirekha, additional, Kobbajji, Deepthi, additional, Ningappa, Ramya, additional, Shree, Shwetha, additional, K, Chandrashekar, additional, M R, Nandini, additional, S, Sowjanya, additional, I G, Devika, additional, N, Yashaswini, additional, G, Sonika, additional, L, Rathna, additional, R, Priyanka, additional, Shrimanker, Rupal J., additional, Vinutha Reddy, Lakshmi, additional, Sumathi, K., additional, Devi, Babitha, additional, Naik, Bina N., additional, Manjunath, Rohini, additional, Ashok, Rajeshwari, additional, Kunjumon, Tony V., additional, Thomas, Jesline, additional, Samdhani, Shaik, additional, Selvam, Kasthuri, additional, Subramani, Poongothai, additional, Parthasarathy, Nandakumar, additional, Bohra, Nirmal K., additional, Gatla, Anvesh K., additional, Horbatuk, Cheryl, additional, Sills, Julie, additional, Davey, E B., additional, Paramonczyk, Liz, additional, Racanelli, Olga, additional, Strybosch, Sandy, additional, Belanger, Andre, additional, Palardy, Jean, additional, Schiffrin, Alicia, additional, Gauthier, Sylvie, additional, Kalyniuk, Norman, additional, Whatley, Shawn D., additional, Lappala, Heather, additional, Patel, Grishma, additional, Reeve, Matthew, additional, Moran, Catherine, additional, Everitt, Jody, additional, Ferrari, Teresa, additional, Bouffard, Christine, additional, Frohlich, Jirir, additional, Francis, Gordon, additional, Mancini, John, additional, Bondy, Gregory, additional, DeAngelis, Debbie, additional, Fulton, Patricia, additional, Blank, David W., additional, Lombardo, Angela, additional, Roy, Mylène, additional, Chow, Jackie, additional, Fox, Hyman, additional, Grootendorst, William J., additional, Hutchinson, Angela, additional, Chan, Sharon M., additional, Fitzgerald, Christie, additional, Wilkins, Lynn, additional, Raymond, Rebecca L., additional, Reyes, Arlene, additional, Marc André, Lavoie, additional, Fortin, Denis, additional, Ouimet, Hélène, additional, Tôn-Nu, Thanh-Thao, additional, Dussureault, Martine, additional, Blain, Marie-Hélène, additional, Roy, Madeleine, additional, Kopajko, Nathalie, additional, Fleury, Chantal, additional, Maheux, Karine, additional, Ciobotaru, Gabriela Valentina, additional, Constantinescu, Maria C., additional, Gherghinescu, Carmen-Lucia, additional, Avram, Ana-Maria, additional, Manitiu, Ioan, additional, Sinpetrean, Aura, additional, Pop, Lucian, additional, Lupu, Delia, additional, Usvat, Radu, additional, Petrisor, Ana, additional, Dumitru, Nicoleta, additional, Moruju, Camelia, additional, Gheorghita, Adelina, additional, Mitu, Magda V., additional, Macarie, Cosmin, additional, Pop, Ana Maria, additional, Diaconu, Maria-Catalina, additional, Grancea, Iulia, additional, Cosma, Mihaela, additional, Crisan, Mihaela, additional, Herron, Elizabeth, additional, Nestel, Paul, additional, Kay, Sally B., additional, Carter, Kaye S., additional, Badshah, Imran, additional, Makepeace, Ashley, additional, Drinkwater, Jocelyn, additional, England, Michelle, additional, Rafei, Azette, additional, Patterson, Kylie, additional, Jenkins, Alicia, additional, McAuley, Sybil, additional, Kent, Sue M., additional, Vibert, Joy E., additional, Perrett, Leonie, additional, David, Thomas, additional, Kaye, Samantha L., additional, O’Connor, Monika, additional, Perera, Nimalie J., additional, Lai, Nicole T., additional, Kearins, Kerry A., additional, Dicamillo, Christinia, additional, Anderson, Heather, additional, Ferguson, Louise, additional, Radtke, Sharon D., additional, Thamarappillil, Charles T., additional, Boys, Janice M., additional, Long, Anita K., additional, Shanahan, Toni, additional, Nyguyen, Michael, additional, Forrest, Nicole, additional, Tulloch, Gill, additional, Greenwell, Della, additional, Price, Sarah L., additional, Tint, Aye N., additional, Sumithran, Priya K., additional, Debreceni, Tamara L., additional, Walker, Lisa, additional, Caruana, Mary, additional, Edwards, Kira, additional, Stathopoulos, Maria, additional, Haywood, Cilla, additional, Sajkov, Dimitar, additional, Pringle, Sharen, additional, Tabner, Anne, additional, Bartolay, Kathrina, additional, Abeyratne, Chamindi, additional, Bragg, Kylie, additional, Mulhern, Patrick, additional, Purnell, Peter, additional, Williams, Lyn, additional, Hamlyn, Jane, additional, Connelly, Aurelia, additional, Hoffman, Jan, additional, Bailey, Samantha, additional, Kerr, Jane, additional, Morrison, Zarnia, additional, Maeder, Sarah, additional, McEwan, Roberta, additional, Kunasekera, Prasanna, additional, McGregor, Patrice, additional, Young, Jo, additional, Berry, Sharon, additional, Cutfield, Rick, additional, Choe, Michelle, additional, McNamara, Catherine, additional, Shergill, Narrinder K., additional, Crone, Petra, additional, Williams, Miles G., additional, Dyson, Keith, additional, Schmid, Diana H., additional, Doak, Audrey C., additional, Spooner, Melissa, additional, Edwards, Colin, additional, Turner, Anne, additional, McAnnalley, Grainne M., additional, Fisher, Raewyn A., additional, Hamilton, Fraser B., additional, Friedlander, Denis H., additional, Kirk, Melissa R., additional, Scales, Jayne E., additional, McLelland, Marguerite A., additional, Dalman, Neelam A., additional, Vickers, Cathy E., additional, Jackson, Carolyn, additional, Coleman, Wendy, additional, Garden, Phillip I., additional, and Arnold, Wendy F., additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. The Modified Kidner-Cobb Procedure for Symptomatic Flexible Pes Planovalgus and Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction Stage II: Review of 50 Feet in 39 Patients

Author: Giorgini, Renato, Giorgini, Tara, Calderaro, Michele, Japour, Christopher, Cortes, Jane, and Kim, David
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Regulatory updates are needed to prevent the commercialization of islet transplantation in the United States

Author: Witkowski, Piotr, Barth, Rolf N., Japour, Anthony, Javitt, Gail, Pyda, Jordan S., Bachul, Piotr J., Nowicki, Eryk, and Ricordi, Camillo
Published: 2021
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9. Safety and Antiviral Activity at 48 Weeks of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Nevirapine and 2 Nucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Protease Inhibitor-Experienced Patients

Author: Benson, Constance A., Deeks, Steven G., Brun, Scott C., Gulick, Roy M., Eron, Joseph J., Kessler, Harold A., Murphy, Robert L., Hicks, Charles, King, Martin, Wheeler, David, Feinberg, Judith, Stryker, Richard, Sax, Paul E., Riddler, Sharon, Thompson, Melanie, Real, Kathryn, Hsu, Ann, Kempf, Dale, Japour, Anthony J., and Sun, Eugene
Published: 2002

10. Regulatory updates are needed to prevent the commercialization of islet transplantation in the United States

Author: Eryk Nowicki, Jordan Pyda, Piotr Witkowski, Anthony J. Japour, Gail H. Javitt, Rolf N. Barth, Abbas Rana Robert Harland, Piotr J. Bachul, and Camillo Ricordi
Subjects: endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, 030230 surgery, Commercialization, Law legislation, 03 medical and health sciences, Islets of Langerhans, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Intensive care medicine, health care economics and organizations, Transplantation, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Islet, United States, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Biologics License Application, business
Abstract: We are writing with great concern about the consequences of applying drug related regulations to allogeneic islets (allo-islets). Currently, the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) is reviewing a Biologics License Application (BLA) for the isolation of allogenic islets which, if approved, will effectively confer marketing rights to a private, for-profit company.1.
Published: 2021

11. Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Clinical Isolates with Reduced Sensitivity to Zidovudine and Dideoxyinosine by RNA· RNA Hybridization

Author: Japour, Anthony J., Chatis, Pamela A., Eigenrauch, Heidi A., and Crumpacker, Clyde S.
Published: 1991

12. Changes in Virologic Markers as Predictors of CD4 Cell Decline and Progression of Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Adults Treated with Nucleosides

Author: Aids Clinical Trials Group Protocol 175 team, Fiscus, Susan A., Hughes, Michael D., Lathey, Janet L., Pi, Timothy, Jackson, J. Brooks, Rasheed, Suraiya, Elbeik, Tarek, Reichman, Richard, Japour, Anthony, Byington, Roy, Scott, Walter, Griffith, Brigitte P., Katzenstein, David A., and Hammer, Scott M.
Published: 1998

13. Variability and Prognostic Values of Virologic and CD4 Cell Measures in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Patients with 200-500 CD4 Cells/mm³ (ACTG 175)

Author: Aids Clinical Trials Group Protocol 175 team, Lathey, Janet L., Hughes, Michael D., Fiscus, Susan A., Pi, Timothy, Jackson, J. Brooks, Rasheed, Suraiya, Elbeik, Tarek, Reichman, Richard, Japour, Anthony, D'Aquila, Richard T., Scott, Walter, Griffith, Brigitte P., Hammer, Scott M., and Katzenstein, David A.
Published: 1998

14. Association of Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Level with Risk of Clinical Progression in Patients with Advanced Infection

Author: Coombs, R. W., Welles, S. L., Hooper, C., Reichelderfer, P. S., D'Aquila, R. T., Japour, A. J., Johnson, V. A., Kuritzkes, D. R., Richman, D. D., Kwok, S., Todd, J., Jackson, J. B., DeGruttola, V., Crumpacker, C. S., and Khan, J.
Published: 1996

15. Prognostic Value of Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) RNA Levels in Patients with Advanced HIV-1 Disease and with Little or No Prior Zidovudine Therapy

Author: Welles, S. L., Jackson, J. B., Yen-Lieberman, B., Demeter, L., Japour, A. J., Smeaton, L. M., Johnson, V. A., Kuritzkes, D. R., D'Aquila, R. T., Reichelderfer, P. A., Richman, D. D., Reichman, R., Fischl, M., Dolin, R., Coombs, R. W., Kahn, J. O., McLaren, C., Todd, J., Kwok, S., and Crumpacker, C. S.
Published: 1996

16. Lopinavir-ritonavir versus nelfinavir for the initial treatment of HIV infection

Author: Walmsley, Sharon, Bernstein, Barry, King, Martin, Arribas, Jose, Beall, Gildon, Ruane, Peter, Martin, Sara, Johnson, David, Lalonde, Richard, Japour, Anthony, Brun, Scott, and Sun, Eugene
Subjects: HIV infection -- Drug therapy, Protease inhibitors -- Evaluation
Abstract: The drug combination of lopinavir and ritonavir appears to be more effective than nelfinavir for treating HIV infection and is less likely to lead to viral drug resistance. This was the conclusion of a study of 653 HIV patients. Lopinavir is a protease inhibitor.
Published: 2002

17. Transplanting islet cells can fix brittle diabetes. Why isn’t it available in the U.S.?

Author: Ricordi, C. and Japour, A.
Subjects: diabetes, regulatory approval, type 1 diabetes, islet transplantation, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, Article, fda
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes, which affects 1.25 million American children and adults, and more than 20 million people around the world, is a challenging chronic disease caused by the body's inability to make insulin. Among its most severe forms is brittle diabetes. People with brittle diabetes frequently experience large swings in blood sugar that can quickly move from too high to too low or vice versa. Severely low blood sugar, called hypoglycemia, can cause sudden and unexpected seizures, coma, heart attacks, and even death. Insulin is the main treatment for this common disease. But it isn't a cure. A type of cell transplant that comes close to a cure for some people with type 1 diabetes, a technique pioneered and tested in the United States, is now available in many countries but is still deemed an experimental procedure in the U.S., making it almost impossible to get. More than a decade ago, the United Kingdom's National Health Service approved islet cell transplantation for type 1 diabetes - an approval based on an extensive review of the evidence generated by clinical trials conducted in the United States. Our federal dollars supported that research, and this treatment ought to be available to U.S. citizens. Islet cell transplantation is not a panacea for all forms of type 1 diabetes. And transplantation of any organ, including islet cells, requires the use of anti-rejection drugs that can have a range of adverse side effects. Nevertheless, individuals with severe brittle diabetes who are fully informed of the risks and benefits should have the ability to access this lifesaving treatment option. We fully understand the FDA's efforts to rein in companies marketing unapproved stem cell products that have little or no evidence to support their use and that may put patients at risk. Yet the FDA should stay equally focused on its commitment to approving evidence-based transformative treatments for devastating diseases and conditions, including brittle diabetes.
Published: 2019

18. Focal mycobacterial lymphadenitis following initiation of protease-inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease

Author: Race, Elizabeth M., Adelson-Mitty, Jennifer, Kriegel, Gila R., Barlam, Tamar F., Reimann, Keith A., Letvin, Norman L., and Japour, Anthony J.
Subjects: Protease inhibitors -- Adverse and side effects, Indinavir -- Adverse and side effects, Opportunistic infections -- Risk factors, AIDS (Disease) -- Drug therapy
Published: 1998

19. The Mini-Arthrotomy Ankle Arthrodesis: A Review of Nine Cases

Author: Wrotslavsky, Philip, Giorgini, Renato, Japour, Christopher, and Emmanuel, Jacquelin
Published: 2006

20. The relation of virologic and immunologic markers to clinical outcomes after nucleoside therapy in HIV-infected adults with 200 to 500 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter

Author: Katzenstein, David A., Hammer, Scott M., Hughes, Michael D., Gundacker, Holly, Jackson, J. Brooks, Fiscus, Susan, Rasheed, Suraiya, Elbeik, Tarek, Reichman, Richard, Japour, Anthony, Merigan, Thomas C., and Hirsch, Martin S.
Subjects: RNA -- Measurement, HIV infection -- Physiological aspects, Drug therapy, Combination -- Evaluation, Zidovudine -- Evaluation, Didanosine -- Evaluation, Zalcitabine -- Evaluation
Abstract: A decline in the level of HIV RNA in the blood of HIV-infected patients can signify a slower progression of the disease. This was demonstrated in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study 175, which randomly assigned 391 HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts between 200 and 500 to zidovudine alone, zidovudine and didanosine, zidovudine and zalcitabine or didanosine alone. Combination drug therapy resulted in a significantly greater decline in HIV RNA levels. Higher baseline RNA levels, a smaller drop in RNA levels and the presence of syncytium-forming virus were all associated with a greater risk of disease progression.
Published: 1996

21. Combined wound therapy for recalcitrant diabetic pedal ulcers: a recent study indicates benefits from using topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy with Regranex (becaplermin) Gel 0. 01%

Author: Japour, Christopher J., Chen, Edward, Giorgini, Renato J., Rostkowski, Tomasz, Vohra, Praveen, and Grotti, Vincent Delle
Subjects: Diabetic ulcers -- Care and treatment, Hyperbaric oxygenation -- Physiological aspects, Wounds and injuries -- Care and treatment, Wounds and injuries -- Methods, Business, Health, Health care industry, Regranex (Medication) -- Dosage and administration
Published: 2003

22. Diagnostic and therapeutic management of heel pain via ultrasound-guided injection: this modality is both precise and cost-effective. (Clinical Podiatry)

Author: Vohra, Praveen K. and Japour, Christopher J.
Subjects: Heel bone -- Injuries, Diagnosis, Ultrasonic -- Methods, Plantar fasciitis -- Care and treatment, Plantar fasciitis -- Diagnosis, Business, Health, Health care industry
Published: 2003

23. Increased risk of lipodystrophy when nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors are included with protease inhibitors in the treatment of HIV-1 infection

Author: van der Valk, M., Gisolf, E. H., Reiss, P., Wit, F. W. N. M., Japour, A., Weverling, G. J., and Danner, S. A.
Published: 2001

24. ABT-378/ritonavir plus stavudine and lamivudine for the treatment of antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection: 48-week results

Author: Murphy, Robert L., Brun, Scott, Hicks, Charles, Eron, Joseph J., Gulick, Roy, King, Martin, White, A. Clinton, Jr., Benson, Constance, Thompson, Melanie, Kessler, Harold A., Hammer, Scott, Bertz, Richard, Hsu, Ann, Japour, Anthony, and Sun, Eugene
Published: 2001

25. The effect of treatment intensification in HIV-infection: a study comparing treatment with ritonavir/saquinavir and ritonavir/saquinavir/stavudine

Author: Gisolf, Elisabeth H., Jurriaans, Suzanne, Pelgrom, Jolanda, van Wanzeele, Filip, van der Ende, Marchina E., Brinkman, Kees, Borst, Marie-José, de Wolf, Frank, Japour, Anthony J., and Danner, Sven A.
Published: 2000

26. HIV-1 genotypic zidovudine drug resistance and the risk of maternal–infant transmission in the Women and Infants Transmission Study*

Author: Welles, Seth L., Pitt, Jane, Colgrove, Robert, McIntosh, Kenneth, Chung, Pei Hua, Colson, Amy, Lockman, Shahin, Fowler, Mary Glenn, Hanson, Celine, Landesman, Sheldon, Moye, John, Rich, Kenneth C., Zorrilla, Carmen, and Japour, Anthony J.
Published: 2000

27. Ritonavir and saquinavir combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection

Author: Cameron, William, Japour, Anthony J., Xu, Yi, Hsu, Ann, Mellors, John, Farthing, Charles, Cohen, Calvin, Poretz, Donald, Markowitz, Martin, Follansbee, Steve, Angel, Jonathan B., McMahon, Deborah, Ho, David, Devanarayan, Viswanath, Rode, Richard, Salgo, Miklos P., Kempf, Dale J., Granneman, Richard, Leonard, John M., and Sun, Eugene
Published: 1999

28. Selective vertical transmission of HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance mutations

Author: Colgrove, Robert C., Pitt, Jane, Hua Chung, Pei, Welles, Seth L., and Japour, Anthony J.
Published: 1998

29. Highly active antiretroviral therapy

Author: Race, Elizabeth M and Japour, Anthony J
Published: 1998

30. The duration of viral suppression during protease inhibitor therapy for HIV-1 infection is predicted by plasma HIV-1 RNA at the nadir

Author: Kempf, Dale J., Rode, Richard A., Xu, Yi, Sun, Eugene, Heath-Chiozzi, Margo E., Valdes, Joaquin, Japour, Anthony J., Danner, Sven, Boucher, Charles, Molla, Akhteruzzaman, and Leonard, John M.
Published: 1998

31. Zidovudine Resistance and HIV-1 Disease Progression during Antiretroviral Therapy

Author: DʼAquila, Richard T., Johnson, Victoria A., Welles, Seth L., Japour, Anthony J., Kuritzkes, Daniel R., DeGruttola, Victor, Reichelderfer, Patricia S., Coombs, Robert W., Crumpacker, Clyde S., Kahn, James O., and Richman, Douglas D.
Published: 1995

32. A phase-I study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of combination didanosine and ribavirin in patients with HIV-1 disease

Author: Japour, Anthony J., Lertora, Juan J., Meehan, Patricia M., Erice, Alejo, Connor, James D., Griffith, Brigitte P., Clax, Pamela A., Holden-Wiltse, Jeanne, Hussey, S., Walesky, Mary, Cooney, Elizabeth, Pollard, Richard, Timpone, Joseph, McLaren, Colin, Johanneson, Nils, Wood, Kenneth, Booth, David K., Bassiakos, Yannis, and Crumpacker, Clyde S.
Subjects: HIV infection -- Drug therapy, Didanosine -- Evaluation, Ribavirin -- Evaluation, Health
Abstract: The combination of ribavirin and ddI appears to be effective in treating HIV infection. Ribavirin enhances the activation of ddI in the body, thus augmenting its effectiveness. Researchers evaluated the drug combination in 19 patients, who received ddI alone for 4 weeks and then in combination with ribavirin for the remainder of the 12-week study. Only 22% experienced a reaction to the drugs. The drug combination reduced the levels of virus in the blood and also raised CD4 T cell counts. However, in 53% of the patients, the virus developed a gene mutation that would allow it to resist the drugs.
Published: 1996

33. Zidovudine resistance and HIV-1 disease progression during antiretroviral therapy

Author: D'Aquila, Richard T., Johnson, Victoria A., Welles, Seth L., Japour, Anthony J., Kuritzkes, Daniel R., DeGruttola, Victor, Reichelderfer, Patricia S., Coombs, Robert W., Crumpacker, Clyde S., Kahn, James O., and Richman, Douglas D.
Subjects: Zidovudine -- Physiological aspects, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Health aspects, HIV infection -- Development and progression, Health
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the association between resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to zidovudine and clinical progression. Design: Retrospective analysis of specimens from patients in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) protocol 116B/117, a randomized comparison of didanosine with continued zidovudine therapy in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease who had received 16 weeks or more of previous zidovudine therapy. Setting: Participating ACTG virology laboratories. Patients: 187 patients with baseline HIV-1 isolates. Measurements: Zidovudine susceptibility testing and assays for syncytium-inducing phenotype were done on baseline HIV-1 isolates. Relative hazards for clinical progression or death associated with baseline clinical, virologic, and immunologic factors were determined from Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Compared with other patients, 15% (26 of 170) with isolates showing high-level zidovudine resistance (50% inhibitory zidovudine concentration [greater than or equal to] 1.0 [mu]M) had 1.74 times the risk for progressing to a new AIDS-defining event or death (95% Cl, 1.00 to 3.03) and 2.78 times the risk for death (Cl, 1.21 to 6.39) in analyses that controlled for baseline [CD4.sup.+] T-lymphocyte count, syncytium-inducing HIV-1 phenotype, disease stage, and randomized treatment assignment. The clinical benefit of didanosine was not limited to patients with highly zidovudine-resistant baseline HIV-1 isolates. Conclusions: High-level resistance of HIV-1 to zidovudine predicted more rapid clinical progression and death when adjusted for other factors. However, patients with advanced HIV-1 disease may benefit from a change in monotherapy from zidovudine to didanosine whether high-level HIV-1 resistance to zidovudine is present or absent, and laboratory assessment of zidovudine resistance is not necessary for deciding when to switch monotherapy from zidovudine to didanosine., Patients with advanced HIV-1 disease that is highly resistant to zidovudine antiretroviral therapy may be at greater risk of disease progression and death. A study of 187 patients enrolled in a study comparing zidovudine with didanosine found that patients whose viral strain had become resistant to zidovudine had almost three times the risk of death than other HIV patients. They were almost twice as likely to develop an AIDS-related complication. Those with a viral strain that causes cells to clump together also had a higher risk of disease progression. Didanosine may slow the progression of HIV infection in those whose viral strains have become resistant to zidovudine.
Published: 1995

34. A combinatorial ledge: reverse transcriptase fidelity, total body viral burden, and the implications of multiple-drug HIV therapy for the evolution of antiviral resistance

Author: Colgrove, R and Japour, A
Published: 1999
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35. Pulsed Radio Frequency Energy Therapy Use for Pain Relief Following Surgery for Tendinopathy-Associated Chronic Pain: Two Case Reports

Author: Nicole J. Kubat, Christopher J. Japour, and Jane Cortes
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pain relief, Molecular evidence, Radio Frequency Energy Therapy, Radio frequency energy, medicine, Humans, Pain Management, Tendon pain, Pain Measurement, Pain, Postoperative, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Chronic pain, Equipment Design, Hyperthermia, Induced, General Medicine, Pain management, Radiofrequency Therapy, medicine.disease, Surgery, Tendinopathy, Physical therapy, Chronic Pain, business
Abstract: Chronic tendon pain from overuse is a common condition, with limited options for ongoing pain management. Two cases are presented in which pulsed radio frequency energy (PRFE) therapy was used for pain relief following surgical intervention for chronic tendinopathy-associated pain, unresponsive to conventional therapies. Both patients showed a dramatic reduction in pain following PRFE therapy after 2 to 3 weeks of treatment, and at the 7-month (case 1) and 6-month (case 2) follow-up visits, both patients reported that pain had not returned. Recent molecular evidence suggests a possible mechanism underlying PRFE-mediated pain relief. Further study into this promising technology is warranted.
Published: 2013

36. Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Zidovudine Resistance Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Isolated from Patients after Long-Term Zidovudine Treatment

Author: AIDS Clinical Trials Group 116B/117 Study Team, Virology Committee Resistance Working Group, Japour, A. J., Welles, S., D'Aquila, R. T., Johnson, V. A., Richman, D. D., Coombs, R. W., Reichelderfer, P. S., Kahn, J. O., Crumpacker, C. S., and Kuritzkes, D. R.
Published: 1995

37. Intraosseous Lipoma

Author: Renato Giorgini, Glenroy Aska, Mary Laudon Thomas, Eric Reynolds, and Christopher J. Japour
Subjects: Adult, Calcium Phosphates, Male, Lytic lesions, medicine.medical_specialty, Bone substitute, Radiodensity, medicine.medical_treatment, Biocompatible Materials, Bone Neoplasms, Intraosseous lipoma, Lesion, Humans, Medicine, business.industry, Synthetic bone, General Medicine, Lipoma, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Curettage, Surgery, Bone Substitutes, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Intraosseous lipoma is a rare bone tumor that may be encountered in clinical practice. It is benign and is described as a well-defined, radiolucent lesion that must be differentiated from other lytic lesions. Most of these lesions may be treated without surgery; however, when surgery is needed, the classic approach involves curettage and packing using autologous bone grafts, allografts, or synthetic bone substitutes. This article reports two cases using a synthetic bone substitute, TheriLok, to fill the void made from surgical curettage of the intraosseous lipoma. Both patients tolerated the TheriLok bone substitute without developing adverse reactions and precluded the need for a secondary donor site. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 100(6): 487–492, 2010)
Published: 2010

38. The Modified Kidner-Cobb Procedure for Symptomatic Flexible Pes Planovalgus and Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction Stage II: Review of 50 Feet in 39 Patients

Author: Christopher Japour, Renato Giorgini, Michele Calderaro, Tara L Giorgini, Jane Cortes, and David Kim
Subjects: Adult, Male, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Tendon Transfer, Young Adult, Patient satisfaction, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Tibia, Stage (cooking), Child, Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction, Physical Therapy Modalities, Aged, Wound dehiscence, business.industry, Age Factors, Recovery of Function, Tarsal Bones, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Flatfoot, Surgery, Tendon, medicine.anatomical_structure, Patient Satisfaction, Child, Preschool, Orthopedic surgery, Regression Analysis, Female, business, Foot (unit), Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Symptomatic flatfoot is a prevalent disorder. We undertook a review of 50 feet in 39 patients with flexible flatfoot treated between August 2000 and January 2008 in order to evaluate the modified Kidner-Cobb procedure. Overall clinical results were rated as good in 48 (96%) feet and fair in 2 (4%) feet, and there were no poor results. Average follow-up was 4.6 years, and total recovery time was 5.7 months in older patients and 3.7 months in children. Manual muscle-strength testing revealed no difference in tibialis anterior strength between the operated and contralateral extremity. All patients visually demonstrated postoperative elevation of the medial longitudinal arch height. Complications included 2 feet with wound dehiscence and 1 foot with fractured hardware. The results of this review indicate that the modified Kidner-Cobb procedure is a useful treatment option for patients with symptomatic flexible flatfoot with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction stage 2.
Published: 2010

39. Ultrasound-guided Plantar Fascia Release Technique

Author: Christopher J. Japour and Praveen K. Vohra
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Heel, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Ultrasound, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Surgery, Fasciotomy, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Orthopedic surgery, medicine, Plantar fascia, Ankle, Fasciitis, business
Abstract: Background: Ultrasound-guided plantar fascia release offers the surgeon clear visualization of anatomy at the surgical site. This technique uses small arthroscopic dissecting instruments through a 0.5-cm incision, allowing the surgeon to avoid the larger and more tissue-disruptive incision that is traditionally used for plantar heel spur resection and plantar fascia releases. Methods: Forty-one patients (46 feet) were selected for the study. The mean patient age was 47 years. Twenty-nine were considered obese with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2. Patients were functionally and subjectively evaluated 4 weeks after surgery using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle and Hindfoot Rating Scale. Results: Results from the study show a significant improvement (P = .05 confidence level) 4 weeks postoperatively for the 41 patients (46 feet), compared to their preoperative condition. The mean pretest score was 33.6 (range 10–52); this score improved to 88.0 (range 50–100), 4 weeks postoperatively. There were no postoperative infections or complications. Conclusions: The ultrasound-guided plantar fascia release technique is a practical surgical procedure for the relief of chronic plantar fascia pain because the surgeon is able to clearly visualize the plantar fascia by ultrasound. In addition, there is minimal disruption to surrounding tissue because small instruments are passed through a small 0.5-cm incision. The traditional open method of heel spur surgery, in contrast, uses a larger skin incision of 3 to 5 cm, followed by larger instruments to dissect to the plantar fascia. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(3): 183–190, 2009)
Published: 2009

40. The Mini-Arthrotomy Ankle Arthrodesis: A Review of Nine Cases

Author: Jacquelin Emmanuel, Philip Wrotslavsky, Christopher Japour, and Renato Giorgini
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Arthrodesis, Physical examination, medicine.disease_cause, Weight-bearing, Patient satisfaction, medicine, Humans, Internal fixation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Retrospective Studies, Arthrotomy, Osteosynthesis, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Ankle, business, Ankle Joint, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: The authors report on the retrospective follow-up of 9 patients (6 women and 3 men) who underwent a mini-arthrotomy ankle arthrodesis by means of small incisions for exposure, cartilage resection, and internal fixation with crossed interfragmental compression screws. Patients were kept non-weight-bearing in a short leg cast for 12 weeks postoperative. At a mean follow-up of 55 months, outcomes were assessed by clinical examination, radiographs, and patient satisfaction questionnaires. Fusion was obtained in all patients, and there were no cases of delayed union, infection, or cutaneous compromise. Modified American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle and hindfoot rating scale scores significantly improved (P.001) from a mean of 38 points preoperatively to 72 points at follow-up. A categorical assessment of functional ability in the postoperative period revealed 6 patients graded as excellent, 2 as good, and 1 as fair. In regard to a categorical assessment of clinical outcome in the postoperative period, 7 patients were graded as excellent and 2 as good. All of the patients stated that they were satisfied with their results and would undergo the procedure again. The mini-arthrotomy ankle arthrodesis with crossed interfragmental compression screw fixation appears to be a useful alternative to traditional open arthrodesis for selected patients with ankle arthritis.
Published: 2006

41. Incidence of Myocardial Infarction in Randomized Clinical Trials of Protease Inhibitor-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: An Analysis of Four Different Protease Inhibitors

Author: Mark J. DiNubile, Anthony J. Japour, Yi Xu, Paul Coplan, Alexander Nikas, Ronald H. Lewis, Karen Cormier, and Hilal Maradit-Kremers
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Combination therapy, Anti-HIV Agents, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Myocardial Infarction, HIV Infections, Gastroenterology, law.invention, Pharmacotherapy, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Virology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), HIV Protease Inhibitors, medicine.disease, Surgery, Clinical trial, Infectious Diseases, Relative risk, HIV-1, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business
Abstract: Protease inhibitor (PI) therapy for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus has been associated with lipid disorders and insulin resistance. We compared the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) among participants receiving treatment with PIs with or without nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTIs) to nRTI therapy alone in 30 phase II/III double-blind, randomized studies conducted before 1999 for the first 4 PI drugs. In most trials included in this analysis, participants could receive combination therapy with a PI plus nRTIs in open-label extensions after the blinded phase concluded. Person-years (PY) of follow-up were calculated from treatment initiation to the diagnosis of MI, or to the end of the randomized phases for nRTI-only therapy or to the conclusion of the studies for PI-containing regimens. Separate analyses were conducted for the randomized and the randomized-plus-extension phases. Among 10,986 participants, 7951 (72%) received PI drugs at some point for an average duration of 12 months. There were 10 MIs (1.31/1000 PY) in the randomized phases and 19 MIs (1.63/1000 PY) in the randomized-plus-extension phases. The overall stratified relative risk of MI for PI-containing (1.82 MI/1000 PY) versus nRTI-only (1.05 MI/1000 PY) regimens of 1.69 was not significantly increased (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 7.48). The absolute difference in MI risk was +0.77 (95% CI, -0.71 to +2.26) MIs/1000 PY. Compared with NRTI-only therapy, patients receiving PI-containing regimens for an average of 1 year did not have significantly more MIs, but the upper bound of the 95% CI indicates there may be up to 2.3 additional MIs per 1000 PY. Although studies with a longer duration of PI therapy are in progress to assess whether a later increase in MI incidence occurs, our analysis did not demonstrate a dramatic increase in MI risk during the first year of PI therapy.
Published: 2003

42. Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Plantar Fascia Bands

Author: Christopher J. Japour, Brian R. Kincaid, E Sobel, and Praveen K. Vohra
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Plantar fasciitis, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Anatomy, Palpation, Asymptomatic, body regions, Tenderness, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Plantar fascia, medicine.symptom, Ultrasonography, business, human activities, Plantar heel pain
Abstract: The authors measured the thickness of the medial, central, and lateral bands of the plantar fascia using ultrasonographic techniques in 109 symptomatic patients with 211 painful heels. Plantar fasciitis was diagnosed by the presence of plantar heel pain and tenderness of the plantar fascia on palpation and was correlated with plantar fascia thickness. All of the symptomatic feet had medial band tenderness, with an average thickness of 5.9 mm, 68% had central band tenderness, with an average thickness of 5.3 mm, and 26% had lateral band tenderness, with an average thickness of 4.4 mm. The average thickness of all symptomatic bands was 5.35 mm, which was significantly greater than that for all asymptomatic bands, which was 2.70 mm. There were also significant differences in the thickness of the three plantar fascia bands in symptomatic patients. A plantar fascia index was established consisting of the ratio of the mean thickness of symptomatic medial, central, and lateral plantar fascia bands to that of asymptomatic bands; for this study, the index value is 1.98 (5.35/2.70 mm). (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 92(8): 444-449, 2002)
Published: 2002

43. Lopinavir–Ritonavir versus Nelfinavir for the Initial Treatment of HIV Infection

Author: Sharon Walmsley, Anthony J. Japour, Richard G. Lalonde, Gildon N. Beall, Margaret Johnson, Eugene Sun, Barry Bernstein, Peter Ruane, Scott C. Brun, David W. Johnson, Martin T. King, and Jose R. Arribas
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Lopinavir/ritonavir, HIV Infections, Fosamprenavir, Pyrimidinones, Placebo, Gastroenterology, Lopinavir, Double-Blind Method, immune system diseases, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Humans, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Aged, 80 and over, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir, business.industry, Stavudine, virus diseases, Lamivudine, HIV Protease Inhibitors, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Survival Analysis, Virology, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, HIV-1, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Lopinavir is a newly developed inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease that, when formulated with ritonavir, yields mean trough plasma lopinavir concentrations that are at least 75 times as high as that needed to inhibit replication of wild-type HIV by 50 percent.We conducted a double-blind trial in which 653 HIV-infected adults who had not received antiretroviral therapy for more than 14 days were randomly assigned to receive either lopinavir-ritonavir (400 mg of lopinavir plus 100 mg of ritonavir twice daily) with nelfinavir placebo or nelfinavir (750 mg three times daily) with lopinavir-ritonavir placebo. All patients also received open-label stavudine and lamivudine. The primary efficacy end points were the presence of fewer than 400 HIV RNA copies per milliliter of plasma at week 24 and the time to the loss of virologic response through week 48.At week 48, greater proportions of patients treated with lopinavir-ritonavir than of patients treated with nelfinavir had fewer than 400 copies of HIV RNA per milliliter (75 percent vs. 63 percent, P0.001) and fewer than 50 copies per milliliter (67 percent vs. 52 percent, P0.001). The time to the loss of virologic response was greater in the lopinavir-ritonavir group than in the nelfinavir group (hazard ratio, 2.0; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 2.7; P0.001). The estimated proportion of patients with a persistent virologic response through week 48 was 84 percent for patients receiving lopinavir-ritonavir and 66 percent for those receiving nelfinavir. Both regimens were well tolerated, with the rate of discontinuation related to the study drugs at 3.4 percent among patients receiving lopinavir-ritonavir and 3.7 percent among patients receiving nelfinavir. Among patients with more than 400 copies of HIV RNA per milliliter at some point from week 24 through week 48, resistance mutations in HIV protease were demonstrated in viral isolates from 25 of 76 nelfinavir-treated patients (33 percent) and none of 37 patients treated with lopinavir-ritonavir (P0.001).For the initial treatment of HIV-infected adults, a combination regimen that includes lopinavir-ritonavir is well tolerated and has antiviral activity superior to that of a nelfinavir-containing regimen.
Published: 2002

44. Increased risk of lipodystrophy when nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors are included with protease inhibitors in the treatment of HIV-1 infection

Author: Ferdinand W. N. M. Wit, Elisabeth H. Gisolf, A. Japour, G. J. Weverling, Peter Reiss, M. van der Valk, S. A. Danner, Internal medicine, Other departments, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, and Global Health
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Lipodystrophy, Anti-HIV Agents, Immunology, HIV Infections, Gastroenterology, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, Risk Factors, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), Adverse effect, Saquinavir, Ritonavir, Nucleoside analogue, business.industry, Stavudine, HIV Protease Inhibitors, medicine.disease, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Infectious Diseases, HIV-1, RNA, Viral, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Drug Therapy, Combination, business, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: Changes in body fat distribution are an adverse effect of therapy with HIV protease inhibitors (PI). It has been suggested that nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) may also contribute to this so-called lipodystrophy syndrome, but the relative contribution of the two drug classes is unclear as they are usually administered concomitantly. Method: The occurrence of lipodystrophy, as reported by physicians using no standardized criteria, was followed in patients randomly assigned to treatment with either a PI alone or a PI combined with an NRTI. The patients were part of a multicenter, open-label, randomized comparison of ritonavir (RTV)/saquinavir (SQV) with or without the addition of stavudine (d4T) in HIV-1-infected patients without prior PI and d4T experience (the Prometheus study). Results: Lipodystrophy was reported in 29 of 175 (17%) patients during 96 weeks of follow up. Overall, it was reported significantly more frequently in patients who were randomized to RTV/SQV/d4T (22/88; 25%), than in patients randomized to RTV/SQV alone (7/87; 8%) (P = 0.003). When the analysis was limited to patients without any prior antiretroviral experience, lipodystrophy likewise was significantly more frequent in patients randomized to RTV/SQV/d4T (12/50; 24%) than in those randomized to RTV/SQV (2/44; 5%) (P = 0.008). Conclusion: This randomized clinical trial, in spite of not having been blinded, supports a contributory role of NRTI in the development of antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy. The low incidence of lipodystrophy in patients with no or limited NRTI exposure supports further evaluation of NRTI-sparing regimens as alternatives to current antiretroviral regimens.
Published: 2001

45. Use of Prostheses and Footwear in 110 Inner-City Partial-Foot Amputees

Author: S J Levitz, Renato J. Giorgini, E Sobel, Hugh L. Richardson, and Christopher J. Japour
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Urban Population, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Prosthesis Design, Prosthesis, Amputation, Surgical, Foot Diseases, Inner city, Prosthesis Fitting, Humans, Medicine, education, Poverty, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Foot, business.industry, Mean age, Prostheses and Implants, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Brace, Amputation, Physical therapy, Female, New York City, business, Foot (unit), Special footwear
Abstract: The number of partial-foot amputations performed is increasing, and many recommendations have been made regarding the use of prostheses and footwear designed to prevent higher-level amputations in this population. The present study investigated the use of prostheses and shoe inserts and the types of footwear worn by partial-foot amputees in the inner city to determine whether previous recommendations are being followed as well as whether new prosthetic styles are being used. The study surveyed 110 patients (73 men and 37 women) with a mean age of 58.6 years (range, 21 to 86 years) with partial-foot amputations of all levels. The results showed that about one-half of all patients wore a shoe-insert orthosis. Although 54% wore some form of special footwear to accommodate and protect the residual foot, no patient in this study wore a shoe with a rocker-bottom sole. Only one patient with a transmetatarsal amputation used a brace and only one patient in the entire study wore a modern cosmetic foot prosthesis. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(1): 34-49, 2001)
Published: 2001

46. HIV-1 genotypic zidovudine drug resistance and the risk of maternal–infant transmission in the Women and Infants Transmission Study*

Author: Robert C. Colgrove, Anthony J. Japour, Mary Glenn Fowler, Shahin Lockman, John Moye, Amy E. Colson, Sheldon Landesman, Pei Hua Chung, Celine Hanson, Seth L. Welles, Kenneth C. Rich, Kenneth McIntosh, Jane Pitt, and Carmen D. Zorrilla
Subjects: Pregnancy, medicine.medical_specialty, Maternal Transmission, Immunology, virus diseases, Drug resistance, Odds ratio, Biology, medicine.disease, Resistance mutation, Zidovudine, Infectious Diseases, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Risk factor, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objectives: Although the treatment of pregnant women and their infants with zidovudine (ZDV) has been remarkably effective in preventing the perinatal transmission of human HIV-1, many potentially preventable infections still occur. To examine whether the risk of perinatal infection is increased among women who carry ZDV-resistant HIV-1, the role of genotypic ZDV resistance in perinatal transmission was evaluated. Methods: The reverse transcriptase (RT) region of clinical isolates from culture supernatants of 142 HIV-1 -infected women enrolled in the Women and Infants Transmission Study (WITS), who had been treated with ZDV during pregnancy was sequenced. Results from genotypic sequencing were linked to demographic, laboratory, and obstetrical databases, and the magnitude of association of having consensus drug-resistant HIV-1 RT mutations with transmission was estimated. Results: Twenty-five per cent (34/142) of maternal isolates had at least one ZDV-associated resistance mutation. A lower CD4 cell percentage and count (P = 0.0001) and higher plasma HIV-1 RNA (P = 0.006) were associated with having any ZDV resistance mutation at delivery. Having any RT resistance mutation [odds ratio (OR): 5.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40, 18.97; P = 0 0.01], duration of ruptured membranes [OR: 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) per 4 h duration; P= 0.02], and total lymphocyte count [OR: 1.06 (1.01, 1.10) per 50 cells higher level; P = 0.009] were independently associated with transmission in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Maternal ZDV resistant virus was predictive of transmission, independent of viral load, in these mothers with moderately advanced HIV-1 disease, many of whom had been treated with ZDV before pregnancy.
Published: 2000

47. Interlaboratory concordance of DNA sequence analysis to detect reverse transcriptase mutations in HIV-1 proviral DNA

Author: Victoria A. Johnson, Robert W. Shafer, Kim J. Sannerud, Owen S. Weislow, Eva Fisher, Douglas D. Richman, Eric Lorenzo, Joseph E. Fitzgibbon, Daniel R. Kuritzkes, Alejo Erice, Max Q. Arens, Douglas L. Mayers, Yuqi Zhao, Suraiya Rasheed, Anthony J. Japour, Patricia Reichelderfer, Lisa M. Demeter, Shelly Sylvester, Thomas M. Howard, Richard T. D'Aquila, and Diana Huang
Subjects: Genetics, Mutation, Sequence analysis, RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, DNA extraction, Reverse transcriptase, law.invention, law, Genotype, biology.protein, medicine, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase
Abstract: Thirteen laboratories evaluated the reproducibility of sequencing methods to detect drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Blinded, cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell pellets were distributed to each laboratory. Each laboratory used its preferred method for sequencing proviral DNA. Differences in protocols included: DNA purification; number of PCR amplifications; PCR product purification; sequence/location of PCR/sequencing primers; sequencing template; sequencing reaction label; sequencing polymerase; and use of manual versus automated methods to resolve sequencing reaction products. Five unknowns were evaluated. Thirteen laboratories submitted 39043 nucleotide assignments spanning codons 10-256 of HIV-1 RT. A consensus nucleotide assignment (defined as agreement among > or = 75% of laboratories) could be made in over 99% of nucleotide positions, and was more frequent in the three laboratory isolates. The overall rate of discrepant nucleotide assignments was 0.29%. A consensus nucleotide assignment could not be made at RT codon 41 in the clinical isolate tested. Clonal analysis revealed that this was due to the presence of a mixture of wild-type and mutant genotypes. These observations suggest that sequencing methodologies currently in use in ACTG laboratories to sequence HIV-1 RT yield highly concordant results for laboratory strains; however, more discrepancies among laboratories may occur when clinical isolates are tested.
Published: 1998

48. Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Ritonavir and Indinavir in Healthy Volunteers

Author: John M. Leonard, G. Richard Granneman, Ann Hsu, Guoliang Cao, Jeanne Berg, Eugene Sun, Suzana Dennis, Keith Erdman, Tawakol El-Shourbagy, Anthony J. Japour, and Lori Carothers
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, viruses, Cmax, Indinavir, Pharmacology, Models, Biological, Drug Administration Schedule, Cmin, Pharmacokinetics, immune system diseases, medicine, Humans, heterocyclic compounds, Drug Interactions, Pharmacology (medical), Ritonavir, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, virus diseases, HIV Protease Inhibitors, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Middle Aged, Infectious Diseases, Nelfinavir, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business, Saquinavir, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract: Recent advances in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have led to a new perception of the disease and new treatment paradigms (10). These advances include an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV infection (20, 52), the development of reliable assay methodologies for the detection and quantification of viral load (48, 49), the availability of new, potent antiviral agents, and an appreciation that combination antiretroviral therapy reduces disease progression and mortality risks (7, 8, 16, 19, 37). In this context, indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, and nelfinavir are the promising new HIV protease inhibitors for the treatment of HIV infection. More potent and sustained suppression of viral replication and durable immunoreconstitution has been shown with the use of dual protease inhibitors or protease inhibitors in combination with nucleoside analogs compared with the suppression achieved with monotherapy (9, 13, 15, 37, 42, 43, 54, 55, 57, 60, 62). Despite these encouraging advances, anti-HIV therapy remains suboptimal. The durability of the antiviral effect is transient in some individuals. Furthermore, effective combination therapies often demand complex regimens that may involve burdensome frequent dosing, side effects, food restrictions, and hydration requirements. These factors reduce the level of patient adherence to the treatment regimen and may ultimately lead to treatment failure. Indinavir is a potent HIV protease inhibitor, with an in vitro 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) (HIV-1IIIB) of approximately 0.1 μg/ml in a system containing 50% human serum and 10% fetal calf serum (1, 46, 47). Indinavir is rapidly metabolized by cytochrome P-450 3A isoenzymes (CYP3A), the major enzymes present in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, with an elimination half-life of 1.8 h (11, 45). The renal clearance (CLR) of indinavir is reported to be relatively constant over a wide range of concentrations (4, 63). When given as an 800-mg regimen three times a day (t.i.d.) under fasting conditions, the mean steady-state area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of indinavir for HIV-infected patients over one dose interval was reported to be 18.8 μg · h/ml (37% coefficient of variation [CV]), and the maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax) and the minimum concentration in serum (Cmin) were reported to be 7.73 μg/ml (32% CV) and 0.154 μg/ml (71% CV), respectively (45). Meals with high fat and protein contents decreased the indinavir AUC and Cmax by 80 and 85%, respectively (45). To maintain therapeutic concentrations in plasma, indinavir is given at high doses on a strict schedule of once every 8 h (q8h) with rigid meal schedules. Ritonavir has relatively high bioavailability and an elimination half-life of 3 to 5 h (1, 25, 27, 38). Although it is about 99% protein bound when it is given at a dosage of 600 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) concentrations in plasma in excess of the protein binding-adjusted IC90 (2.1 μg/ml) are usually maintained throughout the dosing interval (14). The bioavailability of ritonavir is minimally affected by food (1). Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor in vitro (34), with an estimated Ki of 0.085 μg/ml for indinavir in experiments with human liver microsomes (33a). In rats, the combined administration of ritonavir and indinavir (10 mg/kg of body weight for each drug) resulted in an eightfold increase in the indinavir AUC compared to that for indinavir given alone (26, 28). Recently, we described a clinically significant interaction between ritonavir and saquinavir (22). Probably due to the inhibition of the CYP3A metabolism of saquinavir by ritonavir, saquinavir AUC values were greatly enhanced (>50-fold) when saquinavir was coadministered with ritonavir; the combination regimen given b.i.d. with reduced doses of both drugs has been shown to suppress the level of viral RNA to below quantitation limits (
Published: 1998

49. Insertions into the β3-β4 Hairpin Loop of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Reveal a Role for Fingers Subdomain in Processive Polymerization

Author: Laurence R. Olsen, Anthony J. Japour, Yvonne Kew, and Vinayaka R. Prasad
Subjects: Models, Molecular, DNA polymerase, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutant, Protein Engineering, Biochemistry, Protein Structure, Secondary, Structure-Activity Relationship, chemistry.chemical_compound, Escherichia coli, Computer Simulation, Amino Acid Sequence, Molecular Biology, Polymerase, biology, Wild type, Cell Biology, Processivity, Protein engineering, Molecular biology, HIV Reverse Transcriptase, Reverse transcriptase, Cell biology, Kinetics, Mutagenesis, Insertional, chemistry, biology.protein, DNA
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) displays a characteristic poor processivity during DNA polymerization. Structural elements of RT that determine processivity are poorly understood. The three-dimensional structure of HIV-1 RT, which assumes a hand-like structure, shows that the fingers, palm, and thumb subdomains form the template-binding cleft and may be involved in determining the degree of processivity. To assess the influence of fingers subdomain of HIV-1 RT in polymerase processivity, two insertions were engineered in the beta3-beta4 hairpin of HIV-1NL4-3 RT. The recombinant mutant RTs, named FE20 and FE103, displayed wild type or near wild type levels of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity on all templates tested and wild type or near wild type-like sensitivities to dideoxy-NTPs. When polymerase activities were measured under conditions that allow a single cycle of DNA polymerization, both of the mutants displayed 25-30% greater processivity than wild type enzyme. Homology modeling the three-dimensional structures of wild type HIV-1NL4-3 RT and its finger insertion mutants revealed that the extended loop between the beta3 and beta4 strands protrudes into the cleft, reducing the distance between the fingers and thumb subdomains to approximately 12 A. Analysis of the models for the mutants suggests an extensive interaction between the protein and template-primer, which may reduce the degree of superstructure in the template-primer. Our data suggest that the beta3-beta4 hairpin of fingers subdomain is an important determinant of processive polymerization by HIV-1 RT.
Published: 1998

50. Changes in Virologic Markers as Predictors of CD4 Cell Decline and Progression of Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1‐Infected Adults Treated with Nucleosides

Author: Walter A. Scott, Scott M. Hammer, Timothy Pi, Susan A. Fiscus, Michael Hughes, J. Brooks Jackson, Janet L. Lathey, Anthony J. Japour, Richard C. Reichman, Tarek Elbeik, Brigitte P. Griffith, Roy Byington, David Katzenstein, and Suraiya Rasheed
Subjects: Biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Virus, Titer, Infectious Diseases, Immune system, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Immunopathology, Lentivirus, Immunology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Viral disease
Abstract: The associations of CD4 cell count, plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type I RNA, infectious HIV titer in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, immune complex-disrupted (ICD) p24 antigen, and MT-2 assays with measures of disease progression after drug treatment were assessed in a subset of patients enrolled in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 175. Baseline plasma RNA levels and changes in RNA values at weeks 8 or 56 were more important predictors of disease progression than were baseline or changes in CD4 cell counts. Each 10-fold lower HIV RNA concentration at baseline and each 10-fold decrease in HIV RNA between baseline and week 8 was associated with increases of 49-61 CD4 cells/mm 3 at weeks 56 and 104. In multivariate analyses, neither baseline values nor changes in infectious HIV titer nor ICD p24 antigen concentrations were associated with long-term changes in CD4 cell count. Plasma HIV-1 RNA appears to be the best predictor of long-term CD4 cell count responses and disease progression.
Published: 1998

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