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In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, there is an increasing demand for community pharmacists to provide the highest level of clinical knowledge and services. However, evidence regarding Saudi public awareness of the clinical services offered by community pharmacies (CPs) and the barriers to using them is limited. In this cross-sectional study, we used an online questionnaire developed by adapting the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. A total of 273 participants completed the survey. Half the participants were generally aware of the availability of some CP services but were not informed about the full range on offer, eg, medication reviews (84%) and online counseling (89%). Most of the participants (69.6%) did not identify differences in the care provided by community pharmacists versus hospital pharmacists (P = 0.02). A commonly reported barrier to using CP services was a general preference for other healthcare professionals to seek pharmaceutical help (85.7%). Many other barriers were also reported, impacting the participants' use of these services. The decision-making authorities should consider improvements to increase patients' awareness and utilization of clinical services and enhance community pharmacists' performance in clinical-oriented pharmaceutical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we characterize LP-Kenmotsu manifolds admitting *-Ricci-Yamabe solitons (*-RYSs) and gradient *-Ricci-Yamabe solitons (gradient *-RYSs). It is shown that an LP-Kenmotsu manifold of dimension n admitting a *-Ricci-Yamabe soliton obeys Poisson's equation. We also determine the necessary and sufficient conditions under which the Laplace equation is satisfied by LP-Kenmotsu manifolds. Finally, by using a non-trivial example of an LP-Kenmotsu manifold, we verify some results of our paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Recent studies have suggested an association between sleep duration and cardiovascular diseases; however, the link to AF is inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep duration and AF by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary studies to provide evidence of the link between insufficient sleep and AF. Methods: A review of the existing literature was conducted to identify the primary studies that examined the association between AF and sleep duration. The inquiry spanned databases, including PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, from their inception through October 2023. Results: Meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant association (p < 0.01) between shorter sleep duration and the incidence of AF (hazard ratio (HR), 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03–1.34; I2 = 89%). Conversely, longer sleep duration did not exhibit a statistically significant association with the incidence of AF (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.92–1.14; I2 = 66%, p = 0.02). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated reduced heterogeneity after excluding specific studies. Conclusion: Insufficient sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of AF, whereas a longer sleep duration did not show a significant correlation. Standardized methods for sleep assessment and AF diagnosis as well as adjustments for confounding factors are suggested for future studies to improve the clarity and understanding of these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we investigate perfect fluid spacetimes and perfect fluid generalized Roberston-Walker spacetimes that contain a torse-forming vector field satisfying almost hyperbolic Ricci solitons. We show that the perfect fluid spacetimes that contain a torse-forming vector field satisfy an almost hyperbolic Ricci soliton, and we prove that a perfect fluid generalized Roberston-Walker spacetime satisfying an almost hyperbolic Ricci soliton (g, ζ, ..., µ) is an Einstein manifold. Also, we study an almost hyperbolic Ricci soliton (g, V, ..., µ) on these spacetimes when V is a conformal vector field, a torse-forming vector field, or a Ricci bi-conformal vector field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There has been a rising prevalence of polypharmacy among people living with HIV (PLWH). Uncertainty however remains regarding the exact estimates of polypharmacy among these cohorts of patients. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed; EMBASE, CROI, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Science Citation Index and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects for studies between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2021 that reported on the prevalence of polypharmacy (ingestion of > 5 non-ART medications) among PLWH on antiretroviral therapy regimen (ART). Prevalence of polypharmacy among HIV-positive patients on ART with Clopper–Pearson 95% confidence intervals were presented. The heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using I 2 and τ 2 statistics. Results: One hundred ninety-seven studies were initially identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria enrolling 55,988 PLWH, of which 76.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 76.4–77.1] were male. The overall pooled prevalence of polypharmacy among PLWH was 33% (95% CI: 25–42%) ( I 2 = 100%, τ 2 = 0.9170, p

Three novel human coronaviruses have caused different worldwide outbreaks that had variable disease severity and geographic distribution: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) during 2003; Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [...]

Background: The Directly Observed Treatment-Short Course (DOTS) Programme was implemented by WHO and includes a combination of four anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin) for a period of six months to eradicate the TB infection completely. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as one of a strong contributor of TB according to World Health Organization (WHO). The presence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM type 2) makes TB treatment complicated. Thus, the objective of the current meta-analysis was to identify and quantify the impact of type 2DM on treatment outcomes of TB patients treated under the DOTS Programme. Methods: This meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Through a systematic review of relevant literature, we focused on studies investigating treatment outcomes including extended treatment duration and recurrence for individuals with both TB and DM undergoing DOTS therapy. The extracted information included study designs, sample sizes, patient characteristics and reported treatment results. Results: In 44 studies from different parts of the world, the pooled HR for the impact of DM on extended treatment duration and reoccurrence were HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.83, p < .01 and HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.70-1.04, p = .08, respectively. The pooled HR for impact of DM on composite TB treatment outcomes was calculated as 0.76 (95% CI 0.60-0.87), p < .01 with an effect size of 41.18. The heterogeneity observed among the included studies was moderate (I² = 55.79%). Conclusions: A negative impact of DM was found on recurrence and extended treatment duration in TB patients treated with DOTS therapy. DM type 2 is responsible for the TB treatment prolongation and TB recurrence rates. By implementing effective management strategies and advancing research, the challenges can be mitigated, arising due to the complex interaction between DM and TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous studies have revealed that L. acidophilus possesses inhibitory effects on PCV2 proliferation in vivo, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Probiotics like L. acidophilus are known to exert antiviral through their metabolites. Therefore, in this study, non-targeted metabolomics was used to detect the changes in metabolites of L. acidophilus after 24  h of proliferation. Subsequently, high-throughput molecular docking was utilized to analyze the docking scores of these metabolites with PCV2 Cap and Rep, aiming to identify compounds with potential anti-PCV2 effects. The results demonstrated that 128 compounds such as Dl-lactate were significantly increased. The results of high-throughput molecular docking indicated that compounds such as ergocristine, and telmisartan formed complexes with Cap and Rep, suggesting their potential anti-PCV2 properties. Furthermore, compounds like vitamin C, exhibit pharmacological effects consistent with L. acidophilus adding credence to the idea that L. acidophilus may exert pharmacological effects through its metabolites. These results will provide a foundation for the study of L. acidophilus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by high-fat and low-carbohydrate intake, is currently gaining widespread popularity as a treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). In addition to the traditional ketogenic diet, several variants have been introduced to enhance compliance and flexibility, such as the modified Atkins diet (MAD) and the low glycemic index diet (LGID). These adaptations aim to provide patients with more manageable and sustainable options while harnessing the potential therapeutic benefits of DRE. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the KD in pediatric patients who exhibit DRE. In this study, we conducted a thorough review of existing literature by searching Cochrane, Embase, Medline, and PubMed. Our approach involved predefined criteria for data extraction and the assessment of study quality. Eleven RCTs with 788 participants were included in this study. The pooled effect estimates revealed a significant association between dietary interventions and seizure frequency reduction of > 50% (OR 6.68, 96% CI 3.52, 12.67) and > 90% (OR 4.37, 95% CI 2.04, 9.37). Dietary interventions also increased the odds of achieving seizure freedom (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.61, 10.60). The common adverse effects included constipation (39.07%) and vomiting (10%). In conclusion, dietary interventions, notably the KD, hold promise for pediatric DRE, reducing seizures and achieving freedom. These non-pharmacological options improve the quality of life of non-responsive and non-surgical patients. The KD has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach. Further research is needed to address the limitations and investigate their long-term effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Canine mammary tumors are the most common tumor in female dogs. In this study, we obtained a metastatic key protein by comparing the proteomics data of in situ tumor and metastatic cell lines from the same individual. Our results not only help to compare the difference in metastasis processes between canine mammary tumors and human breast cancer but also provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of tumor metastasis and the improvement of prognosis in dogs and humans. Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common type of tumor in female dogs. In this study, we obtained a metastatic key protein, Fascin-1, by comparing the proteomics data of in situ tumor and metastatic cell lines from the same individual. However, the role of Fascin-1 in the CMT cell line is still unclear. Firstly, proteomics was used to analyze the differential expression of Fascin-1 between the CMT cell lines CHMm and CHMp. Then, the overexpression (CHMm-OE and CHMp-OE) and knockdown (CHMm-KD and CHMp-KD) cell lines were established by lentivirus transduction. Finally, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in CHMm and CHMm-OE cells were identified through proteomics. The results showed that the CHMm cells isolated from CMT abdominal metastases exhibited minimal expression of Fascin-1. The migration, adhesion, and invasion ability of CHMm-OE and CHMp-OE cells increased, while the migration, adhesion, and invasion ability of CHMm-KD and CHMp-KD cells decreased. The overexpression of Fascin-1 can upregulate the Tetraspanin 4 (TSPAN4) protein in CHMm cells and increase the number of migrations. In conclusion, re-expressed Fascin-1 could promote cell EMT and increase lamellipodia formation, resulting in the enhancement of CHMm cell migration, adhesion, and invasion in vitro. This may be beneficial to improve female dogs' prognosis of CMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stroke is a significant global health concern, and numerous studies have established a link between depression and an increased risk of stroke. While many investigations explore this link, some overlook its long-term effects. Depression may elevate stroke risk through physiological pathways involving nervous system changes and inflammation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between depression and stroke. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO) from inception to 9 April 2023, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. We included all articles assessing the association between different stroke types and depression, excluding post-stroke depression. Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, utilizing a random-effects model for data synthesis. The primary outcome was the association of depression with stroke, with a secondary focus on the association of antidepressants with stroke. Results: The initial search yielded 10,091 articles, and 44 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed a significant association between depression and stroke risk, with an overall hazard ratio of 1.41 (95% CI 1.32, 1.50; p<0.00001), indicating a moderately positive effect size. Subgroup analyses showed consistent associations with ischemic stroke (HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.13, 1.50; p=0.007), fatal stroke (HR=1.39, 95% CI 1.24, 1.55; p<0.000001), and hemorrhagic stroke (HR=1.33, 95% CI 1.01, 1.76; p=0.04). The use of antidepressants was associated with an elevated risk of stroke (HR=1.28, 95% CI 1.05, 1.55; p=0.01). Conclusion and relevance: This meta-analysis indicates that depression moderately raises the risk of stroke. Given the severe consequences of stroke in individuals with depression, early detection and intervention should be prioritized to prevent it. Systematic review registration: Prospero (CRD42023472136). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study left-invariant cross curvature solitons on Lorentzian three-dimensional Lie groups and classify these solitons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]