23 results on '"Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn"'
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2. Factors Associated with Delayed or Missed Second-Dose mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination among Persons [greater than or equal to] 12 Years of Age, United States
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Meng, Lu, Murthy, Neil Chandra, Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Zell, Elizabeth, Saelee, Ryan, Irving, Megan, Fast, Hannah E., Roman, Patricia Castro, Schiller, Adam, Shaw, Lauren, Black, Carla L., Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Harris, LaTreace, and Chorba, Terence
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Health ,Comirnaty (Vaccine) -- Dosage and administration ,Spikevax (Vaccine) -- Dosage and administration - Abstract
In December 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for the Pfizer BioNTech (https://www. pfizer.com) and Moderna (https://www.modernatx. com) 2-dose primary mRNA COVID-19 vaccine [...]
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- 2022
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3. Disparities in First Dose COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage among Children 5-11 Years of Age, United States
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Murthy, Neil Chandra, Zell, Elizabeth, Fast, Hannah E., Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Meng, Lu, Saelee, Ryan, Vogt, Tara, Chatham-Stephens, Kevin, Ottis, Christina, Shaw, Lauren, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Harris, LaTreace, and Chorba, Terence
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Vaccination -- Distribution -- Demographic aspects ,Health care disparities -- Research ,Pediatric research ,Company distribution practices ,Health - Abstract
Although more common among adults, severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and hospitalization can occur in children. Among >8,300 hospitalized children 5-11 years of age, 1/3 required intensive care (1,2). Children can [...]
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- 2022
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4. The US Federal Retail Pharmacy Program: Optimizing COVID-19 Vaccine Delivery Through a Strategic Public–Private Partnership.
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Kim, Christine, Guo, Angela, Yassanye, Diana, Link-Gelles, Ruth, Yates, Kirsten, Duggar, Chris, Moore, Lori, El Kalach, Roua, Jones-Jack, Nkenge, Walker, Chastity, Gibbs Scharf, Lynn, Pillai, Satish K., and Patel, Anita
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FEDERAL government of the United States ,HEALTH services accessibility ,MINORITIES ,COVID-19 ,PUBLIC health administration ,COVID-19 vaccines ,DRUGSTORES ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,VACCINATION coverage ,PRIVATE sector ,COMMUNITIES ,GOVERNMENT programs ,HUMAN services programs ,PUBLIC hospitals ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,PUBLIC sector ,AT-risk people ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PROPRIETARY hospitals - Abstract
To help achieve the initial goal of providing universal COVID-19 vaccine access to approximately 258 million adults in 62 US jurisdictions, the federal government launched the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program (FRPP) on February 11, 2021. We describe FRPP's collaboration among the federal government, US jurisdictions, federal entity partners, and 21 national chain and independent pharmacy networks to provide large-scale access to COVID-19 vaccines, particularly in communities disproportionately affected by COVID-19 (eg, people aged ≥65 years, people from racial and ethnic minority groups). FRPP initially provided 10 000 vaccination sites for people to access COVID-19 vaccines, which was increased to >35 000 vaccination sites by May 2021 and sustained through January 31, 2022. From February 11, 2021, through January 31, 2022, FRPP vaccination sites received 293 million doses and administered 219 million doses, representing 45% of all COVID-19 immunizations provided nationwide (38% of all first doses, 72% of all booster doses). This unprecedented public–private partnership allowed the federal government to rapidly adapt and scale up an equitable vaccination program to reach adults, later expanding access to vaccine-eligible children, during the COVID-19 pandemic. As the largest federal COVID-19 vaccination program, FRPP exemplifies how public–private partnerships can expand access to immunizations during a public health emergency. Pharmacies can help meet critical national public health goals by serving as convenient access points for sustained health services. Lessons learned from this effort—including the importance of strong coordination and communication, efficient reporting systems and data quality, and increasing access to and demand for vaccine, among others—may help improve future immunization programs and support health system resiliency, emphasizing community-level access and health equity during public health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Constructing State and National Estimates of Vaccination Rates from Immunization Information Systems.
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Raghunathan, Trivellore, Kirtland, Karen, Li, Ji, White, Kevin, Murthy, Bhavini, Lin, Xia Michelle, Harris, Latreace, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, and Zell, Elizabeth
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MARKOV chain Monte Carlo ,MARKOV processes ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,NATION-state ,IMMUNIZATION ,VACCINATION - Abstract
Immunization Information Systems are confidential computerized population-based systems that collect data from vaccination providers on individual vaccinations administered along with limited patient-level characteristics. Through a data use agreement, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention obtains the individual-level data and aggregates the number of vaccinations for geographical statistical areas defined by the US Census Bureau (counties or equivalent statistical entities) for each vaccine included in system. Currently, 599 counties, covering 11 states, collect and report data using a uniform protocol. We combine these data with inter-decennial population counts from the Population Estimates Program in the US Census Bureau and several covariates from a variety of sources to develop model-based estimates for each of the 3,142 counties in 50 states and the District of Columbia and then aggregate to the state and national levels. We use a hierarchical Bayesian model and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to obtain draws from the posterior predictive distribution of the vaccination rates. We use posterior predictive checks and cross-validation to assess the goodness of fit and to validate the models. We also compare the model-based estimates to direct estimates from the National Immunization Surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Demographic Characteristics of Infants and Children Aged 6 Months--4 Years -- United States, June 20--December 31, 2022.
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Patel Murthy, Bhavini, Fast, Hannah E., Zell, Elizabeth, Murthy, Neil, Lu Meng, Shaw, Lauren, Vogt, Tara, Chatham-Stephens, Kevin, Santibanez, Tammy A., Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, and Harris, LaTreace Q.
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COVID-19 vaccines ,DISEASES ,IMMUNIZATION ,HOSPITAL care ,POPULATION - Abstract
The article presents the discussion on COVID-19 illness and hospitalization being more common among older adults. Topics include CDC by jurisdictions, pharmacies, and federal entities through immunization information systems (IISs); and tests for statistical significance being notconducted due to the data reflecting the U.S. population not based on population samples.
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- 2023
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7. COVID-19 Vaccine Initiation and Dose Completion During the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Surge in the United States, December 2020–October 2021.
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Murthy, Neil, Saelee, Ryan, Patel Murthy, Bhavini, Meng, Lu, Shaw, Lauren, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Harris, LaTreace, Chorba, Terence, and Zell, Elizabeth
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GENETIC mutation ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 vaccines ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,HOSPITAL care ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives: In summer 2021, the number of COVID-19–associated hospitalizations in the United States increased with the surge of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. We assessed how COVID-19 vaccine initiation and dose completion changed during the Delta variant surge, based on jurisdictional vaccination coverage before the surge. Methods: We analyzed COVID-19 vaccination data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We classified jurisdictions (50 states and the District of Columbia) into quartiles ranging from high to low first-dose vaccination coverage among people aged ≥12 years as of June 30, 2021. We calculated first-dose vaccination coverage as of June 30 and October 31, 2021, and stratified coverage by quartile, age (12-17, 18-64, ≥65 years), and sex. We assessed dose completion among those who initiated a 2-dose vaccine series. Results: Of 51 jurisdictions, 15 reached at least 70% vaccination coverage before the Delta variant surge (ie, as of June 30, 2021), while 35 reached that goal as of October 31, 2021. Jurisdictions in the lowest quartile of vaccination coverage (44.9%-54.9%) had the greatest absolute (9.7%-17.9%) and relative (18.1%-39.8%) percentage increase in vaccination coverage during July 1–October 31, 2021. Of those who received the first dose during this period across all jurisdictions, nearly 1 in 5 missed the second dose. Conclusions: Although COVID-19 vaccination initiation increased during July 1–October 31, 2021, in jurisdictions in the lowest quartile of vaccination coverage, coverage remained below that of jurisdictions in the highest quartile of vaccination coverage before the Delta variant surge. Efforts are needed to improve access to and increase confidence in COVID-19 vaccines, especially in low-coverage areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Booster COVID-19 Vaccinations Among Persons Aged ≥5 Years and Second Booster COVID-19 Vaccinations Among Persons Aged ≥50 Years -- United States, August 13, 2021-August 5, 2022.
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Fast, Hannah E., Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Zell, Elizabeth, Lu Meng, Murthy, Neil, Saelee, Ryan, Peng-jun Lu, Yoonjae Kang, Shaw, Lauren, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, and Harris, LaTreace
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COVID-19 vaccines ,BOOSTER vaccines ,OLDER people ,COVID-19 - Published
- 2022
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9. Using a Cloud-Based Machine Learning Classification Tree Analysis to Understand the Demographic Characteristics Associated With COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Among Adults in the United States.
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Meng, Lu, Fast, Hannah E, Saelee, Ryan, Zell, Elizabeth, Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Murthy, Neil Chandra, Lu, Peng-Jun, Shaw, Lauren, Harris, LaTreace, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, and Chorba, Terence
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A tree model identified adults age ≤34 years, Johnson & Johnson primary series recipients, people from racial/ethnic minority groups, residents of nonlarge metro areas, and those living in socially vulnerable communities in the South as less likely to be boosted. These findings can guide clinical/public health outreach toward specific subpopulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. Factors Associated with Delayed or Missed Second-Dose mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination among Persons >12 Years of Age, United States.
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Lu Meng, Murthy, Neil Chandra, Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Zell, Elizabeth, Ryan Saelee, Irving, Megan, Fast, Hannah E., Roman, Patricia Castro, Schiller, Adam, Shaw, Lauren, Black, Carla L., Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Harris, LaTreace, and Chorba, Terence
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To identify demographic factors associated with delaying or not receiving a second dose of the 2-dose primary mRNA COVID-19 vaccine series, we matched 323 million single Pfizer-BioNTech (https://www.pfizer.com) and Moderna (https://www.modernatx.com) COVID-19 vaccine administration records from 2021 and determined whether second doses were delayed or missed. We used 2 sets of logistic regression models to examine associated factors. Overall, 87.3% of recipients received a timely second dose (≤42 days between first and second dose), 3.4% received a delayed second dose (>42 days between first and second dose), and 9.4% missed the second dose. Persons more likely to have delayed or missed the second dose belonged to several racial/ethnic minority groups, were 18-39 years of age, lived in more socially vulnerable areas, and lived in regions other than the northeastern United States. Logistic regression models identified specific subgroups for providing outreach and encouragement to receive subsequent doses on time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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11. Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Between Urban and Rural Counties - United States, December 14, 2020-January 31, 2022.
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Saelee, Ryan, Zell, Elizabeth, Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Castro-Roman, Patricia, Fast, Hannah, Lu Meng, Shaw, Lauren, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Chorba, Terence, Harris, LaTreace Q., Murthy, Neil, and Meng, Lu
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Higher COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates in rural than in urban areas are well documented (1). These disparities persisted during the B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant surges during late 2021 and early 2022 (1,2). Rural populations tend to be older (aged ≥65 years) and uninsured and are more likely to have underlying medical conditions and live farther from facilities that provide tertiary medical care, placing them at higher risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes (2). To better understand COVID-19 vaccination disparities between urban and rural populations, CDC analyzed county-level vaccine administration data among persons aged ≥5 years who received their first dose of either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) COVID-19 vaccine or a single dose of the Ad.26.COV2.S (Janssen [Johnson & Johnson]) COVID-19 vaccine during December 14, 2020-January 31, 2022, in 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC). COVID-19 vaccination coverage with ≥1 doses in rural areas (58.5%) was lower than that in urban counties (75.4%) overall, with similar patterns across age groups and sex. Coverage with ≥1 doses varied among states: 46 states had higher coverage in urban than in rural counties, one had higher coverage in rural than in urban counties. Three states and DC had no rural counties; thus, urban-rural differences could not be assessed. COVID-19 vaccine primary series completion was higher in urban than in rural counties. However, receipt of booster or additional doses among primary series recipients was similarly low between urban and rural counties. Compared with estimates from a previous study of vaccine coverage among adults aged ≥18 years during December 14, 2020-April 10, 2021, these urban-rural disparities among those now eligible for vaccination (aged ≥5 years) have increased more than twofold through January 2022, despite increased availability and access to COVID-19 vaccines. Addressing barriers to vaccination in rural areas is critical to achieving vaccine equity, reducing disparities, and decreasing COVID-19-related illness and death in the United States (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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12. Booster and Additional Primary Dose COVID-19 Vaccinations Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years - United States, August 13, 2021-November 19, 2021.
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Fast, Hannah E., Zell, Elizabeth, Patel Murthy, Bhavini, Murthy, Neil, Lu Meng, Gibbs Scharf, Lynn, Black, Carla L., Shaw, Lauren, Chorba, Terence, Harris, LaTreace Q., Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Meng, Lu, and Scharf, Lynn Gibbs
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Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) is highly effective at preventing hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster and additional primary dose COVID-19 vaccinations increase protection (1-3). During August-November 2021, a series of Emergency Use Authorizations and recommendations, including those for an additional primary dose for immunocompromised persons and a booster dose for persons aged ≥18 years, were approved because of reduced immunogenicity in immunocompromised persons, waning vaccine effectiveness over time, and the introduction of the highly transmissible B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant (4,5). Adults aged ≥65 years are at increased risk for COVID-19-associated hospitalization and death and were one of the populations first recommended a booster dose in the U.S. (5,6). Data on COVID-19 vaccinations reported to CDC from 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), and eight territories and freely associated states were analyzed to ascertain coverage with booster or additional primary doses among adults aged ≥65 years. During August 13-November 19, 2021, 18.7 million persons aged ≥65 years received a booster or additional primary dose of COVID-19 vaccine, constituting 44.1% of 42.5 million eligible* persons in this age group who previously completed a primary vaccination series.† Coverage was similar by sex and age group, but varied by primary series vaccine product and race and ethnicity, ranging from 30.3% among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native persons to 50.5% among non-Hispanic multiple/other race persons. Strategic efforts are needed to encourage eligible persons aged ≥18 years, especially those aged ≥65 years and those who are immunocompromised, to receive a booster and/or additional primary dose to ensure maximal protection against COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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13. Influenza Vaccinations During the COVID-19 Pandemic - 11 U.S. Jurisdictions, September-December 2020.
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Roman, Patricia Castro, Kirtland, Karen, Zell, Elizabeth R., Jones-Jack, Nkenge, Shaw, Lauren, Shrader, Lauren, Sprague, Carrie, Schultz, Jessica, Quan Le, Nalla, Abhinav, Kuramoto, Sydney, Cheng, Iris, Woinarowicz, Mary, Robison, Steve, Robinson, Shannon, Meder, Kelley, Murphy, Ashley, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Harris, LaTreace, and Murthy, Bhavini Patel
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Influenza causes considerable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Between 2010 and 2020, an estimated 9-41 million cases resulted in 140,000-710,000 hospitalizations and 12,000-52,000 deaths annually (1). As the United States enters the 2021-22 influenza season, the potential impact of influenza illnesses is of concern given that influenza season will again coincide with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which could further strain overburdened health care systems. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends routine annual influenza vaccination for the 2021-22 influenza season for all persons aged ≥6 months who have no contraindications (2). To assess the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on influenza vaccination coverage, the percentage change between administration of at least 1 dose of influenza vaccine during September-December 2020 was compared with the average administered in the corresponding periods in 2018 and 2019. The data analyzed were reported from 11 U.S. jurisdictions with high-performing state immunization information systems.* Overall, influenza vaccine administration was 9.0% higher in 2020 compared with the average in 2018 and 2019, combined. However, in 2020, the number of influenza vaccine doses administered to children aged 6-23 months and children aged 2-4 years, was 13.9% and 11.9% lower, respectively than the average for each age group in 2018 and 2019. Strategic efforts are needed to ensure high influenza vaccination coverage among all age groups, especially children aged 6 months-4 years who are not yet eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Administration of influenza vaccine and a COVID-19 vaccine among eligible populations is especially important to reduce the potential strain that influenza and COVID-19 cases could place on health care systems already overburdened by COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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14. COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 12-17 Years - United States, December 14, 2020-July 31, 2021.
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Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Zell, Elizabeth, Saelee, Ryan, Murthy, Neil, Lu Meng, Meador, Seth, Reed, Kirsten, Shaw, Lauren, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, McNaghten, A. D., Patel, Anita, Stokley, Shannon, Flores, Stephen, Yoder, Jonathan S., Black, Carla L., Harris, LaTreace Q., and Meng, Lu
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COVID-19 vaccines ,MEDICAL personnel ,TEENAGERS ,SOCIAL emotional learning ,VACCINE hesitancy - Abstract
Although severe COVID-19 illness and hospitalization are more common among adults, these outcomes can occur in adolescents (1). Nearly one third of adolescents aged 12-17 years hospitalized with COVID-19 during March 2020-April 2021 required intensive care, and 5% of those hospitalized required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (2). On December 11, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for adolescents aged 16-17 years; on May 10, 2021, the EUA was expanded to include adolescents aged 12-15 years; and on August 23, 2021, FDA granted approval of the vaccine for persons aged ≥16 years. To assess progress in adolescent COVID-19 vaccination in the United States, CDC assessed coverage with ≥1 dose* and completion of the 2-dose vaccination series† among adolescents aged 12-17 years using vaccine administration data for 49 U.S. states (all except Idaho) and the District of Columbia (DC) during December 14, 2020-July 31, 2021. As of July 31, 2021, COVID-19 vaccination coverage among U.S. adolescents aged 12-17 years was 42.4% for ≥1 dose and 31.9% for series completion. Vaccination coverage with ≥1 dose varied by state (range = 20.2% [Mississippi] to 70.1% [Vermont]) and for series completion (range = 10.7% [Mississippi] to 60.3% [Vermont]). By age group, 36.0%, 40.9%, and 50.6% of adolescents aged 12-13, 14-15, and 16-17 years, respectively, received ≥1 dose; 25.4%, 30.5%, and 40.3%, respectively, completed the vaccine series. Improving vaccination coverage and implementing COVID-19 prevention strategies are crucial to reduce COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality among adolescents and to facilitate safer reopening of schools for in-person learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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15. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Administration of Selected Routine Childhood and Adolescent Vaccinations - 10 U.S. Jurisdictions, March-September 2020.
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Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Zell, Elizabeth, Kirtland, Karen, Jones-Jack, Nkenge, Harris, LaTreace, Sprague, Carrie, Schultz, Jessica, Quan Le, Bramer, Cristi A., Kuramoto, Sydney, Iris Cheng, Woinarowicz, Mary, Robison, Steve, McHugh, Ashley, Schauer, Stephanie, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Patel Murthy, Bhavini, Le, Quan, and Cheng, Iris
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COVID-19 pandemic ,VACCINATION ,MEDICAL personnel ,JURISDICTION ,HEALTH facilities ,ANTI-vaccination movement - Abstract
After the March 2020 declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, an analysis of provider ordering data from the federally funded Vaccines for Children program found a substantial decrease in routine pediatric vaccine ordering (1), and data from New York City and Michigan indicated sharp declines in routine childhood vaccine administration in these areas (2,3). In November 2020, CDC interim guidance stated that routine vaccination of children and adolescents should remain an essential preventive service during the COVID-19 pandemic (4,5). To further understand the impact of the pandemic on routine childhood and adolescent vaccination, vaccine administration data during March-September 2020 from 10 U.S. jurisdictions with high-performing* immunization information systems were assessed. Fewer administered doses of routine childhood and adolescent vaccines were recorded in all 10 jurisdictions during March-September 2020 compared with those recorded during the same period in 2018 and 2019. The number of vaccine doses administered substantially declined during March-May 2020, when many jurisdictions enacted stay-at-home orders. After many jurisdictions lifted these orders, the number of vaccine doses administered during June-September 2020 approached prepandemic baseline levels, but did not increase to the level that would have been necessary to catch up children who did not receive routine vaccinations on time. This lag in catch-up vaccination might pose a serious public health threat that would result in vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks, especially in schools that have reopened for in-person learning. During the past few decades, the United States has achieved a substantial reduction in the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases driven in large part to the ongoing administration of routinely recommended pediatric vaccines. These efforts need to continue even during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Health care providers should assess the vaccination status of all pediatric patients, including adolescents, and contact those who are behind schedule to ensure that all children are fully vaccinated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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16. Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Between Urban and Rural Counties - United States, December 14, 2020-April 10, 2021.
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Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Sterrett, Natalie, Weller, Daniel, Zell, Elizabeth, Reynolds, Laura, Toblin, Robin L., Murthy, Neil, Kriss, Jennifer, Rose, Charles, Cadwell, Betsy, Wang, Alice, Ritchey, Matthew D., Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Qualters, Judith R., Shaw, Lauren, Brookmeyer, Kathryn A., Clayton, Heather, Eke, Paul, Adams, Laura, and Zajac, Julie
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COVID-19 vaccines ,HEALTH services administration ,MEDICAL personnel ,HEALTH facilities ,COUNTIES ,RURAL nursing - Abstract
Approximately 60 million persons in the United States live in rural counties, representing almost one fifth (19.3%) of the population.* In September 2020, COVID-19 incidence (cases per 100,000 population) in rural counties surpassed that in urban counties (1). Rural communities often have a higher proportion of residents who lack health insurance, live with comorbidities or disabilities, are aged ≥65 years, and have limited access to health care facilities with intensive care capabilities, which places these residents at increased risk for COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality (2,3). To better understand COVID-19 vaccination disparities across the urban-rural continuum, CDC analyzed county-level vaccine administration data among adults aged ≥18 years who received their first dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, or a single dose of the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (Johnson & Johnson) during December 14, 2020-April 10, 2021 in 50 U.S. jurisdictions (49 states and the District of Columbia [DC]). Adult COVID-19 vaccination coverage was lower in rural counties (38.9%) than in urban counties (45.7%) overall and among adults aged 18-64 years (29.1% rural, 37.7% urban), those aged ≥65 years (67.6% rural, 76.1% urban), women (41.7% rural, 48.4% urban), and men (35.3% rural, 41.9% urban). Vaccination coverage varied among jurisdictions: 36 jurisdictions had higher coverage in urban counties, five had higher coverage in rural counties, and five had similar coverage (i.e., within 1%) in urban and rural counties; in four jurisdictions with no rural counties, the urban-rural comparison could not be assessed. A larger proportion of persons in the most rural counties (14.6%) traveled for vaccination to nonadjacent counties (i.e., farther from their county of residence) compared with persons in the most urban counties (10.3%). As availability of COVID-19 vaccines expands, public health practitioners should continue collaborating with health care providers, pharmacies, employers, faith leaders, and other community partners to identify and address barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in rural areas (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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17. Demographic and Social Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Initiation Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years - United States, December 14, 2020-April 10, 2021.
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Whiteman, Ari, Wang, Alice, McCain, Kelly, Gunnels, Betsy, Toblin, Robin, Tseryuan Lee, James, Bridges, Carolyn, Reynolds, Laura, Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Qualters, Judy, Singleton, James A., Fox, Kimberley, Stokley, Shannon, Harris, LaTreace, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Abad, Neetu, Brookmeyer, Kathryn A., Farrall, Susan, Pingali, Cassandra, and Patel, Anita
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COVID-19 vaccines ,SOCIAL factors ,ADULTS ,OLDER men ,VACCINATION ,INTERGENERATIONAL households ,AMERICAN Community Survey - Abstract
Compared with other age groups, older adults (defined here as persons aged ≥65 years) are at higher risk for COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality and have therefore been prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination (1,2). Ensuring access to vaccines for older adults has been a focus of federal, state, and local response efforts, and CDC has been monitoring vaccination coverage to identify and address disparities among subpopulations of older adults (2). Vaccine administration data submitted to CDC were analyzed to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination initiation among adults aged ≥65 years by demographic characteristics and overall. Characteristics of counties with low vaccination initiation rates were quantified using indicators of social vulnerability data from the 2019 American Community Survey.* During December 14, 2020-April 10, 2021, nationwide, a total of 42,736,710 (79.1%) older adults had initiated vaccination. The initiation rate was higher among men than among women and varied by state. On average, counties with low vaccination initiation rates (<50% of older adults having received at least 1 vaccine dose), compared with those with high rates (≥75%), had higher percentages of older adults without a computer, living in poverty, without Internet access, and living alone. CDC, state, and local jurisdictions in partnerships with communities should continue to identify and implement strategies to improve access to COVID-19 vaccination for older adults, such as assistance with scheduling vaccination appointments and transportation to vaccination sites, or vaccination at home if needed for persons who are homebound.† Monitoring demographic and social factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine access for older adults and prioritizing efforts to ensure equitable access to COVID-19 vaccine are needed to ensure high coverage among this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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18. County-Level COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Social Vulnerability - United States, December 14, 2020-March 1, 2021.
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Hughes, Michelle M., Wang, Alice, Grossman, Marissa K., Pun, Eugene, Whiteman, Ari, Li Deng, Hallisey, Elaine, Sharpe, J. Danielle, Ussery, Emily N., Stokley, Shannon, Musial, Trieste, Weller, Daniel L., Murthy, Bhavini Patel, Reynolds, Laura, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Harris, LaTreace, Ritchey, Matt D., Toblin, Robin L., and Deng, Li
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COVID-19 vaccines ,VACCINATION ,AMERICAN Community Survey - Abstract
The U.S. COVID-19 vaccination program began in December 2020, and ensuring equitable COVID-19 vaccine access remains a national priority.* COVID-19 has disproportionately affected racial/ethnic minority groups and those who are economically and socially disadvantaged (1,2). Thus, achieving not just vaccine equality (i.e., similar allocation of vaccine supply proportional to its population across jurisdictions) but equity (i.e., preferential access and administra-tion to those who have been most affected by COVID-19 disease) is an important goal. The CDC social vulnerability index (SVI) uses 15 indicators grouped into four themes that comprise an overall SVI measure, resulting in 20 metrics, each of which has national and state-specific county rankings. The 20 metric-specific rankings were each divided into lowest to highest tertiles to categorize counties as low, moderate, or high social vulnerability counties. These tertiles were combined with vaccine administration data for 49,264,338 U.S. residents in 49 states and the District of Columbia (DC) who received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose during December 14, 2020-March 1, 2021. Nationally, for the overall SVI measure, vaccination coverage was higher (15.8%) in low social vulnerability counties than in high social vulnerability counties (13.9%), with the largest coverage disparity in the socioeconomic status theme (2.5 percentage points higher coverage in low than in high vulnerability counties). Wide state variations in equity across SVI metrics were found. Whereas in the majority of states, vaccination coverage was higher in low vulnerability counties, some states had equitable coverage at the county level. CDC, state, and local jurisdictions should continue to monitor vaccination coverage by SVI metrics to focus public health interventions to achieve equitable coverage with COVID-19 vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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19. Communities of practice foster collaboration across public health.
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Mabery, Mamie Jennings, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, and Bara, Debra
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Purpose – The complexity and responsibilities of public health make collaboration across multiple levels of government critical. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) effectively uses communities of practice (CoPs) to bring its staff together with partners to share, learn, and address public health problems. This paper aims to focus on CoPs.Design/methodology/approach – The paper assesses the value of CoPs to individual members, their organizations, and their public health domains; assesses whether the CoP Program has improved CDC's relationship with participants in various CoPs; and identifies barriers to participation or success factors that could be applied to the development of new CoPs. Responses from a random sample of active CoP members were analyzed using qualitative data analysis software to identify themes and answer research questions.Findings – The results reveal clear benefits to individual members, their organizations, and public health disciplines including daily work efficiencies, expanded infrastructure, and enhanced relationships between CDC and its public health partners.Research limitations/implications – This qualitative research analyzed a small number of communities of practice spanning their launch through year 2; further study of a larger sample of public health CoPs, including sustainability factors, would build on this case study's implications.Practical implications – Public health practitioners seeking a collaborative approach to problem solving will find in this study some useful lessons learned from CDC; readers will be introduced to CDC's CoP Resource Kit and a public health collaboration portal, phConnect.Originality/value – Well-facilitated, member-driven, and highly participative CoPs are valuable tools for fostering collaboration essential to improving the public health system, and should be used more broadly across public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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20. Emergency Health Surveillance After Severe Flooding in Louisiana, 1995.
- Author
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Ogden, Cynthia L., Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn I., Kohn, Melvin A., and Malilay, Josephine
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- 2001
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21. Social and demographic factors associated with receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine initial booster dose and with interval between primary series completion and initial booster dose uptake among persons aged ≥ 12 years, United States, August 2021-October 2022
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Meng, Lu, Harris, LaTreace, Shaw, Lauren, Lymon, Hoody, Reses, Hannah, Bell, Jeneita, Lu, Peng-Jun, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, and Chorba, Terence
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BOOSTER vaccines , *COVID-19 vaccines , *SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant , *VACCINATION , *ETHNIC groups , *ETHNICITY , *MIDDLE-aged persons - Abstract
COVID-19 booster dose vaccination has been crucial in ensuring protection against COVID-19 including recently predominant Omicron variants. Because vaccines against newer SARS-CoV- 2 variants are likely to be recommended in future, it will be valuable to understand past booster dose uptake among different demographic groups. Using U.S. vaccination data, this study examined intervals between primary series completion and receipt of first booster dose (monovalent or bivalent) during August 2021 - October 2022 among persons ≥12 years of age who had completed a COVID-19 vaccine primary series by October 2021. Sub-populations who were late booster recipients (received a booster dose ≥12 months after the primary series) or received no booster dose included persons <35 years old, Johnson & Johnson/Janssen vaccine primary dose recipients, persons in certain racial and ethnic groups, and persons living in rural and more socially vulnerable areas, and in the South region of the United States; these groups may benefit the most from public health outreach efforts to achieve timely COVID-19 vaccination completion in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index and COVID-19 vaccination coverage — The United States, December 14, 2020–January 31, 2022.
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Saelee, Ryan, Chandra Murthy, Neil, Patel Murthy, Bhavini, Zell, Elizabeth, Shaw, Lauren, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Harris, LaTreace, and Shaw, Kate M.
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- *
VACCINATION coverage , *COVID-19 vaccines , *HEALTH of minorities , *BOOSTER vaccines , *CHILDREN with disabilities , *VACCINATION , *PER capita - Abstract
In 2021, HHS Office of Minority Health and CDC developed a composite measure of social vulnerability called the Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index (MHSVI) to assess the needs of communities most vulnerable to COVID-19. The MHSVI extends the CDC Social Vulnerability Index with two new themes on healthcare access and medical vulnerability. This analysis examines COVID-19 vaccination coverage by social vulnerability using the MHSVI. County-level COVID-19 vaccine administration data among persons aged ≥18 years reported to CDC from 12/14/20 to 01/31/22 were analyzed. U.S. counties from 50 states and DC were categorized into tertiles of vulnerability (low, moderate, and high) for the composite MHSVI measure and each of the 34 indicators. Vaccination coverage (≥1 dose, primary series completion, and receipt of a booster dose) was calculated by tertiles for the composite MHSVI measure and each indicator. Counties with lower per capita income, higher proportion of individuals with no high school diploma, living below poverty, ≥65 years of age, with a disability, and in mobile homes had lower vaccination uptake. However, counties with larger proportions of racial/ethnic minorities and individuals speaking English less than "very well" had higher coverage. Counties with fewer primary care physicians and greater medical vulnerabilities had lower ≥ 1 dose vaccination coverage. Furthermore, counties of high vulnerability had lower primary series completion and receipt of a booster dose. There were no clear patterns in COVID-19 vaccination coverage by tertiles for the composite measure. Results from the new components in the MHSVI identify needs to prioritize persons in counties with greater medical vulnerabilities and limited access to health care, who are at greater risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Findings suggest that using a composite measure to characterize social vulnerability might mask disparities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake that would have otherwise been observed using specific indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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23. Estimating vaccination coverage for routinely recommended vaccines among children aged 24 months and adolescents aged 13 through 17 years using data from immunization information systems in the United States.
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Kirtland, Karen A., Raghunathan, Trivellore, Patel Murthy, Bhavini, Li, Ji, White, Kevin, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Harris, LaTreace, and Zell, Elizabeth R.
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VACCINATION coverage , *VACCINATION of children , *IMMUNIZATION of children , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *IMMUNIZATION - Abstract
To use a model-based approach to estimate vaccination coverage of routinely recommended childhood and adolescent vaccines for the United States. We used a hierarchical model with retrospective cohort data from eleven IIS jurisdictions, which contains vaccination records submitted by providers. Numerators included data from 2014 to 2019 at the county level for 2.4 million children at age 24 months and 14.4 million adolescents aged 13–17. Age-appropriate Census populations were used as denominators. Covariates associated with childhood and adolescent vaccinations were included in the model. Model-based estimates for each county were generated and aggregated to the national level to produce national vaccination coverage estimates and compared to National Immunization Survey (NIS) estimates of vaccination coverage. Trends of estimated vaccination coverage were compared between the model-based approach and NIS. From 2014 to 18, model-based national vaccination coverage estimates were within ten percentage points of NIS-Child vaccination coverage estimates for most vaccines among children at age 24 months. One notable difference was higher model-based vaccination coverage estimates for hepatitis B birth dose compared to NIS-Child coverage estimates. From 2014 to 19, model-based national vaccination coverage estimates were within ten percentage points of NIS-Teen vaccination coverage estimates for most vaccines among adolescents aged 13–17 years. Model-based vaccination coverage estimates were notably lower for varicella, MMR, and Hepatitis B compared to NIS-Teen coverage estimates among adolescents. Trends in estimates of national vaccination coverage were similar between model-based estimates for children and adolescents as compared to NIS-Child and NIS-Teen, respectively. A hierarchical model applied to data from IIS may be used to estimate coverage for routinely recommended vaccines among children and adolescents and allows for timely analyses of childhood and adolescent vaccines to quickly assess trends in vaccination coverage across the United States. Monitoring real-time vaccination coverage can help promote immunizations to protect children and adolescents against vaccine-preventable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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