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Unconventional reservoirs, including gas shales and tight gas sands, have gained prominence in the energy sector due to technological advancements and escalating energy demands. The oil industry is eagerly refining techniques to decipher these reservoirs, aiming to reduce data collection costs and uncertainties in reserve estimations. Characteristically, tight reservoirs exhibit low matrix porosity and ultra-low permeability, necessitating artificial stimulation for enhanced production. The efficacy of the stimulation hinges on the organic material distribution, the rock's mechanical attributes, and the prevailing stress field. Comprehensive petrophysical analysis, integrating standard and specialized logs, core analyses, and dynamic data, is pivotal for a nuanced understanding of these reservoirs. This ensures a reduction in prediction uncertainties, with parameters like shale volume, porosity, and permeability being vital. This article delves into an intricate petrophysical evaluation of the Nene field, a West African unconventional reservoir. It underscores the geological intricacies of the field, the pivotal role of data acquisition, and introduces avant-garde methodologies for depth matching, rock typing, and the estimation of permeability. This research highlights the significance of unconventional reservoir exploration in today's energy milieu, offering a granular understanding of the Nene field's geological challenges and proffering a blueprint for analogous future endeavours in unconventional reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the effect of receiving water conditions on offset buoyant jet behavior. Several experiments on the discharge of thermal and nonthermal horizontal buoyant offset jets into stagnant ambient water are conducted. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used to measure the time history of the jet velocity distribution. Various characteristics of the jet flow, such as the centerline jet trajectory, jet growth rate and jet velocity decay, are discussed. All comparative experiments are conducted with the same densimetric Froude numbers (Frd ranging from 9.9 to 29.8) and density differences ∆ρ, ranging from 5.1 to 17.41). The results show that the trajectories of thermal jets are not the same as those of nonthermal jets, which suggests that thermal jets travel farther than nonthermal jets. The experimental results were then compared to predictions of three Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models: the standard k-ε, realizable k-ε, and buoyancy-modified k-ε. The best prediction of the centerline jet trajectory was found to be obtained from realizable k-ε. The study results revealed that the source of buoyancy (salinity versus temperature for the same values of Frd and same ∆ρ) affects the trajectory and mixing properties of the jet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]