Search

The article focuses on the diagnosis of a painful, nonhealing, violaceous plaque on the right breast of a 42-year-old woman. The differential diagnosis includes diffuse dermal angiomatosis, dermatofibroma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, angiosarcoma, and Kaposi sarcoma. The authors discuss the clinical and histopathological characteristics of each condition, emphasizing the features that help differentiate them, and provide images to aid in the recognition of the dermatopathological entities.

Nutrition and dietary supplements have been used to promote a youthful appearance for millennia. Despite high public demand for these products, evidence supporting their efficacy is limited and often inconsistent. We discuss the structural and functional changes that occur in the skin during the aging process. We also review evidence supporting the use of nutritional supplements commonly used to promote a youthful appearance, including essential fatty acids, coenzyme Q, collagen peptides, curcumin, polyphenols, flavonoids, probiotics, silymarin, and vitamins A, C, D, and E. We also consider the role of advanced glycosylated end products, antiinflammatory diets, and caloric restriction in delaying premature skin aging. Although evidence supporting the use of some dietary interventions is promising, further long-term studies in humans are required to fully understand their effects on the promotion of a youthful appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dear Editor, A 41-year-old woman with a history of asthma was admitted with acute onset of a diffuse painful nonpruritic rash with cephalocaudal progression. Complete resolution of the facial lesions following high-dose corticosteroid therapy (d) gl Despite IV acyclovir, the patient continued to clinically deteriorate. Fibrin deposition and neutrophils were noted within the vessel walls consistent with leukocytoclastic vasculitis (b, Hematoxylin-eosin stain ×40) gl Upon review of the literature and a previously reported case of false-positive HSV DFA in a patient with severe eosinophilia, it was decided to stop IV acyclovir and start high-dose corticosteroids for a working diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). [Extracted from the article]

Background: Melanoma in situ and dysplastic nevi with severe atypia present overlapping histopathologic features. Reflectance confocal microscopy findings can be integrated with the dermatopathology report to improve differentiation between melanoma and dysplastic nevi with severe atypia.Objective: To compare prevalence of reflectance confocal microscopy findings between melanoma in situ and dysplastic nevi with severe atypia.Methods: This retrospective observational study compared reflectance confocal microscopy findings in dermatopathologically diagnosed dysplastic nevi with severe atypia and melanoma in situ, collected between 2007 and 2017 at a private pigmented-lesion clinic. Concordant pathologic diagnosis was defined as unanimous agreement between 3 dermatopathologists who independently reviewed all cases; all other cases were classified as discordant.Results: The study included 112 lesions, 62 concordant melanomas in situ, 28 concordant dysplastic nevi with severe atypia, and 22 discordant lesions. In comparing reflectance confocal microscopy findings in concordant cases, melanoma in situ showed more frequently than dysplastic nevi with severe atypia the presence of epidermal atypical melanocytes as round cells (19/62 vs 0/28; P < .001) and dendritic cells (50/62 vs 6/28; P < .001), as well as a diffuse distribution of epidermal atypical melanocytes (50/54 vs 3/6; P = .002). In contrast, dysplastic nevi with severe atypia showed the presence of dense melanocytic nests more frequently than melanoma in situ did (15/28 vs 14/62; P = .003).Limitations: The study was based on a limited number of lesions originating from a single clinic.Conclusions: Reflectance confocal microscopy findings may help differentiate a subset of dysplastic nevi with severe atypia from melanoma in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 25% of the inflammatory infiltrate showed CD23 SP + sp immunostaining, consistent with the patient's underlying diagnosis of CLL. HZ granulomatous dermatitis in this case should be differentiated from acute HZ infection. Although acute HZ may show a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, multinucleated giant cells are more characteristic of a late granulomatous reaction, which favors a diagnosis of HZ granulomatous dermatitis.[1] However, it should be noted that acute HZ shares some histologic features with HZ granulomatous dermatitis and that granulomatous changes can appear in acute HZ presentations within 6 weeks of onset.[1]. [Extracted from the article]

Histologic differentiation of melanoma in situ (MIS) from solar keratosis on chronically sun‐damaged skin is challenging. The first‐line immunostain is usually MART‐1/Melan‐A, which can exaggerate the epidermal melanocytes, causing a diagnostic pitfall for MIS. By comparing MART‐1 and SOX10 immunostaining, we scored the percentage of epidermal melanocytes per 2‐mm diameter fields in pigmented actinic keratosis (n = 16), lichenoid keratosis (n = 7), junctional melanocytic nevus (n = 6), keratosis with atypical melanocytic proliferation (n = 17) and MIS (n = 10). These cases represented an older population (68 years median age) and the head and neck (50%) was the most common anatomic site. MART‐1 score was significantly higher than SOX10 (P value <.05) in solar keratoses, but showed no difference in detecting melanocytic proliferations, demonstrating their equal detection rate of melanocytes. The sensitivity of both MART‐1 and SOX10 was 100%, while their specificities were 17% and 96%, respectively. These results show that SOX10 is more specific than MART‐1 in distinguishing epidermal melanocytes on sun‐damaged skin by avoiding overdiagnosis of melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granulomatous diseases represent a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by histiocytic inflammation that affect patients of any age. These diseases differ widely in their pathogenesis and include infectious and noninfectious conditions. This review focuses on noninfectious granulomatous conditions, with particular emphasis on age-related differences in the onset, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, prognosis, and age-specific management of specific granulomatous disorders. Knowledge of age-specific aspects of granulomatous conditions in adults and children improves both the extent of the diagnostic workup and the management of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are non-Hodgkin lymphomas that predominantly affect older patients. Onset of cutaneous lymphoma in childhood is rare, but it can present as early as the first decade of life. In both adults and children, the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma can be challenging because inflammatory dermatoses can mimic CTCL both clinically and histologically. The clinicopathologic manifestations can be similar in adults and younger individuals; however, differences in the prevalence of certain CTCL variants among age groups exist. Whereas the classic Alibert-Bazin–type mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome represent the overwhelming majority of adult cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, in younger individuals, certain mycosis fungoides variants, such as hypopigmented MF, are over-represented and Sézary syndrome is extremely rare. CD30 + lymphoproliferative diseases, which include lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), represent the second most common subtype of CTCL in both adults and children; however, in the pediatric population, most of these are represented by LyP, and primary cutaneous ALCL is very rare. The prognosis is stage dependent, and the most significant prognostic factor in MF is the extent of skin involvement and the presence or absence of extracutaneous disease. The overwhelming majority of pediatric patients present with early-stage disease, and progression to more advanced stages, such as tumor stage, erythrodermic MF, and large cell transformation, which can be seen in adults, is very rare. The choice of treatment, regardless of age, is dependent on the extent of skin involvement and the presence or absence of extracutaneous disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although initial review of system and workup were negative, the patient developed Gottron's papules and shawl sign with subjective muscle weakness and shortness of breath 6 months later. Dear Editor, Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with distinctive cutaneous manifestations. Unlike the previously reported amyopathic dermatomyositis case,5 our cases suggested that deck-chair sign could be seen in both classic and amyopathic dermatomyositis, although it seems to first develop during a clinically amyopathic state. [Extracted from the article]

Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a systemic vasculitis affecting both small- and medium-sized blood vessels, almost invariably affecting the lung, and frequently associated with cutaneous involvement. Microvascular vaso-occlusion leading to digital gangrene is not a feature of CSS. We report an unusual case of a patient with CSS with antiphospholipid antibodies who developed severe digital gangrene in addition to cutaneous vasculitis. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies is not a feature usually seen in association with CSS. While the full clinical spectrum of CSS is still being defined, the identification of additional features associated with this syndrome might help to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease and to have an impact on both management and prognosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Several technologies have been developed to aid dermatologists in the detection of melanoma in vivo including dermoscopy, multispectral digital skin lesion analysis (MDSLA), and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). To our knowledge, there have been no studies directly comparing MDSLA and RCM.Objective: We conducted a repeated measures analysis comparing the sensitivity and specificity of MDSLA and RCM in the detection of melanoma (n = 55 lesions from 36 patients).Methods: Study patients (n = 36) with atypical-appearing pigmented lesions (n = 55) underwent imaging by both RCM and MDSLA. Lesions were biopsied and analyzed by histopathology.Results: RCM exhibited superior test metrics (P = .001, McNemar test) compared with MDSLA. Respectively, sensitivity measures were 85.7% and 71.4%, and specificity rates were 66.7% and 25.0%.Limitations: The sample size was relatively small and was collected from only one dermatologist's patient base; there was some degree of dermatopathologist interobserver variability; and only one confocalist performed the RCM image evaluations.Conclusion: RCM is a useful adjunct during clinical assessment of in vivo lesions suspicious for melanoma or those requiring re-excision because of high level of dysplasia or having features consistent with an atypical melanocytic nevus with severe cytologic atypia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the study of F. van Maldegem and colleagues on the difference of primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL) to other extranodal MZL. It states that the report suggests that PCMZL lacks CXCR3 and demonstrates class-switched immunoglobulin and occasional dual isotypes. It cites the differences between PCMZL and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and concludes that PCMZL is part of the broad group of extranodal MZL.