18 results on '"Fensom, Georgina K"'
Search Results
2. Examination of potential novel biochemical factors in relation to prostate cancer incidence and mortality in UK Biobank
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Perez-Cornago, Aurora, Fensom, Georgina K., Andrews, Colm, Watts, Eleanor L., Allen, Naomi E., Martin, Richard M., Van Hemelrijck, Mieke, Key, Timothy J., and Travis, Ruth C.
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- 2020
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3. Meat consumption and risk of 25 common conditions: outcome-wide analyses in 475,000 men and women in the UK Biobank study
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Papier, Keren, Fensom, Georgina K., Knuppel, Anika, Appleby, Paul N., Tong, Tammy Y. N., Schmidt, Julie A., Travis, Ruth C., Key, Timothy J., and Perez-Cornago, Aurora
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- 2021
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4. Physical activity and breast cancer risk: results from the UK Biobank prospective cohort
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Guo, Wenji, Fensom, Georgina K., Reeves, Gillian K., and Key, Timothy J.
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- 2020
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5. Vegetarian and vegan diets and risks of total and site-specific fractures: results from the prospective EPIC-Oxford study
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Tong, Tammy Y. N., Appleby, Paul N., Armstrong, Miranda E. G., Fensom, Georgina K., Knuppel, Anika, Papier, Keren, Perez-Cornago, Aurora, Travis, Ruth C., and Key, Timothy J.
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- 2020
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6. Metabolic profiles of male meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans from the EPIC-Oxford cohort
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Schmidt, Julie A, Rinaldi, Sabina, Ferrari, Pietro, Carayol, Marion, Achaintre, David, Scalbert, Augustin, Cross, Amanda J, Gunter, Marc J, Fensom, Georgina K, Appleby, Paul N, Key, Timothy J, and Travis, Ruth C
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- 2015
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7. Circulating insulin-like growth factors and risks of overall, aggressive and early-onset prostate cancer: a collaborative analysis of 20 prospective studies and Mendelian randomization analysis.
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Watts, Eleanor L, Perez-Cornago, Aurora, Fensom, Georgina K, Smith-Byrne, Karl, Noor, Urwah, Andrews, Colm D, Gunter, Marc J, Holmes, Michael V, Martin, Richard M, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K, Albanes, Demetrius, Barricarte, Aurelio, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas, Cohn, Barbara A, Deschasaux-Tanguy, Melanie, Dimou, Niki L, Ferrucci, Luigi, Flicker, Leon, Freedman, Neal D, and Giles, Graham G
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SOMATOMEDIN ,PROSTATE cancer ,RANDOMIZATION (Statistics) ,SOMATOMEDIN C ,INSULIN-like growth factor-binding proteins ,ANDROGEN receptors ,LONGITUDINAL method ,LINKAGE disequilibrium - Abstract
Background Previous studies had limited power to assess the associations of circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) with clinically relevant prostate cancer as a primary endpoint, and the association of genetically predicted IGF-I with aggressive prostate cancer is not known. We aimed to investigate the associations of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 concentrations with overall, aggressive and early-onset prostate cancer. Methods Prospective analysis of biomarkers using the Endogenous Hormones, Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group dataset (up to 20 studies, 17 009 prostate cancer cases, including 2332 aggressive cases). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prostate cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression. For IGF-I, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was undertaken using instruments identified using UK Biobank (158 444 men) and outcome data from PRACTICAL (up to 85 554 cases, including 15 167 aggressive cases). Additionally, we used colocalization to rule out confounding by linkage disequilibrium. Results In observational analyses, IGF-I was positively associated with risks of overall (OR per 1 SD = 1.09: 95% CI 1.07, 1.11), aggressive (1.09: 1.03, 1.16) and possibly early-onset disease (1.11: 1.00, 1.24); associations were similar in MR analyses (OR per 1 SD = 1.07: 1.00, 1.15; 1.10: 1.01, 1.20; and 1.13; 0.98, 1.30, respectively). Colocalization also indicated a shared signal for IGF-I and prostate cancer (PP4: 99%). Men with higher IGF-II (1.06: 1.02, 1.11) and IGFBP-3 (1.08: 1.04, 1.11) had higher risks of overall prostate cancer, whereas higher IGFBP-1 was associated with a lower risk (0.95: 0.91, 0.99); these associations were attenuated following adjustment for IGF-I. Conclusions These findings support the role of IGF-I in the development of prostate cancer, including for aggressive disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Circulating free testosterone and risk of aggressive prostate cancer: Prospective and Mendelian randomisation analyses in international consortia.
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Watts, Eleanor L., Perez‐Cornago, Aurora, Fensom, Georgina K., Smith‐Byrne, Karl, Noor, Urwah, Andrews, Colm D., Gunter, Marc J., Holmes, Michael V., Martin, Richard M., Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., Albanes, Demetrius, Barricarte, Aurelio, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita, Bas, Chen, Chu, Cohn, Barbara A., Dimou, Niki L., Ferrucci, Luigi, Flicker, Leon, Freedman, Neal D., and Giles, Graham G.
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PROSTATE cancer ,CONSORTIA ,TESTOSTERONE ,BLOOD collection ,OLDER men ,LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
Previous studies had limited power to assess the associations of testosterone with aggressive disease as a primary endpoint. Further, the association of genetically predicted testosterone with aggressive disease is not known. We investigated the associations of calculated free and measured total testosterone and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) with aggressive, overall and early‐onset prostate cancer. In blood‐based analyses, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prostate cancer were estimated using conditional logistic regression from prospective analysis of biomarker concentrations in the Endogenous Hormones, Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group (up to 25 studies, 14 944 cases and 36 752 controls, including 1870 aggressive prostate cancers). In Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses, using instruments identified using UK Biobank (up to 194 453 men) and outcome data from PRACTICAL (up to 79 148 cases and 61 106 controls, including 15 167 aggressive cancers), ORs were estimated using the inverse‐variance weighted method. Free testosterone was associated with aggressive disease in MR analyses (OR per 1 SD = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08‐1.40). In blood‐based analyses there was no association with aggressive disease overall, but there was heterogeneity by age at blood collection (OR for men aged <60 years 1.14, CI = 1.02‐1.28; Phet =.0003: inverse association for older ages). Associations for free testosterone were positive for overall prostate cancer (MR: 1.20, 1.08‐1.34; blood‐based: 1.03, 1.01‐1.05) and early‐onset prostate cancer (MR: 1.37, 1.09‐1.73; blood‐based: 1.08, 0.98‐1.19). SHBG and total testosterone were inversely associated with overall prostate cancer in blood‐based analyses, with null associations in MR analysis. Our results support free testosterone, rather than total testosterone, in the development of prostate cancer, including aggressive subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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9. Circulating insulin‐like growth factor‐I, total and free testosterone concentrations and prostate cancer risk in 200 000 men in UK Biobank.
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Watts, Eleanor L., Fensom, Georgina K., Smith Byrne, Karl, Perez‐Cornago, Aurora, Allen, Naomi E., Knuppel, Anika, Gunter, Marc J., Holmes, Michael V., Martin, Richard M., Murphy, Neil, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K., Yeap, Bu B., Key, Timothy J., and Travis, Ruth C.
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TESTOSTERONE ,CANCER diagnosis ,CANCER-related mortality ,PROSTATE cancer - Abstract
Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and testosterone have been implicated in prostate cancer aetiology. Using data from a large prospective full‐cohort with standardised assays and repeat blood measurements, and genetic data from an international consortium, we investigated the associations of circulating IGF‐I, sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), and total and calculated free testosterone concentrations with prostate cancer incidence and mortality. For prospective analyses, risk was estimated using multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression in 199 698 male UK Biobank participants. Hazard ratios (HRs) were corrected for regression dilution bias using repeat hormone measurements from a subsample. Two‐sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis of IGF‐I and risk used genetic instruments identified from UK Biobank men and genetic outcome data from the PRACTICAL consortium (79 148 cases and 61 106 controls). We used cis‐ and all (cis and trans) SNP MR approaches. A total of 5402 men were diagnosed with and 295 died from prostate cancer (mean follow‐up 6.9 years). Higher circulating IGF‐I was associated with elevated prostate cancer diagnosis (HR per 5 nmol/L increment = 1.09, 95% CI 1.05‐1.12) and mortality (HR per 5 nmol/L increment = 1.15, 1.02‐1.29). MR analyses also supported the role of IGF‐I in prostate cancer diagnosis (cis‐MR odds ratio per 5 nmol/L increment = 1.34, 1.07‐1.68). In observational analyses, higher free testosterone was associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer (HR per 50 pmol/L increment = 1.10, 1.05‐1.15). Higher SHBG was associated with a lower risk (HR per 10 nmol/L increment = 0.95, 0.94‐0.97), neither was associated with prostate cancer mortality. Total testosterone was not associated with prostate cancer. These findings implicate IGF‐I and free testosterone in prostate cancer development and/or progression. What's new? Testosterone, insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) all have been associated with prostate‐cancer risk. In this large, prospective study, the authors analyzed how these circulating hormones might impact mortality as well as risk. They found that men with higher IGF‐I had a higher risk of both prostate‐cancer diagnosis and mortality. Men with higher free testosterone had an increased risk of prostate cancer, while men with higher SHBG had a decreased risk. These results support the roles of IGF‐I and testosterone in prostate cancer development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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10. Urinary Melatonin in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk: Nested Case-Control Analysis in the DOM Study and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.
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Wong, Angel T. Y., Fensom, Georgina K., Key, Timothy J., Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Tong, Tammy Y. N., and Travis, Ruth C.
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Background: Exposure to higher levels of melatonin may be associated with lower breast cancer risk, but epidemiologic evidence has been limited. We examined the relationship in a case-control study nested within the Diagnostisch Onderzoek Mammacarcinoom (DOM) study and conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Methods: Concentrations of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) in prediagnostic first morning urine voids were measured in 274 postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer and 274 matched controls from the DOM study. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable adjusted ORs of breast cancer for thirds of aMT6s. Meta-analysis of this and previous prospective studies of urinary melatonin with breast cancer risk estimated the inverse-variance weighted averages of study-specific log RRs of breast cancer for the highest versus lowest levels of aMT6s. Results: In the DOM study, the ORs of breast cancer for the middle and highest versus lowest thirds of aMT6s were 0.70 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45-1.09] and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.44-1.19), respectively. In the meta-analysis of the DOM study with six previous studies (2,296 cases), RR of breast cancer for the highest versus lowest levels of aMT6s was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.76-1.01). Conclusions: Results from the DOM study, together with the published prospective data, do not support a strong association of melatonin with breast cancer risk. Impact: This study adds to the relatively scarce prospective data on melatonin in relation to breast cancer risk. The totality of the prospective evidence does not clearly show an association between melatonin and breast cancer risk, but further data are needed to be able to exclude a modest association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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11. Meat intake and cancer risk: prospective analyses in UK Biobank.
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Knuppel, Anika, Papier, Keren, Fensom, Georgina K, Appleby, Paul N, Schmidt, Julie A, Tong, Tammy Y N, Travis, Ruth C, Key, Timothy J, and Perez-Cornago, Aurora
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MEAT ,ADENOMATOUS polyps ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,RISK assessment ,LYMPHOID tissue ,POULTRY as food - Abstract
Background: Red and processed meat have been consistently associated with colorectal cancer risk, but evidence for other cancer sites and for poultry intake is limited. We therefore examined associations between total, red and processed meat and poultry intake and incidence for 20 common cancers.Methods: We analyzed data from 474 996 participants (54% women) in UK Biobank. Participants were aged 37-73 years and cancer-free at baseline (2006-10). Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations between baseline meat intake and cancer incidence. Trends in risk across the baseline categories were calculated, assigning re-measured intakes from a subsample.Results: During a mean follow-up of 6.9 years, 28 955 participants were diagnosed with malignant cancer. After correction for multiple testing, red and processed meat combined, and processed meat, were each positively associated with colorectal cancer risk [hazard ratio (HR) per 70 g/day higher intake of red and processed meat 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.53; HR per 20 g/day higher intake of processed meat 1.18, 1.03-1.31] and red meat was associated with colon cancer risk (HR per 50 g/day higher intake of red meat 1.36, 1.13-1.64). Positive associations of red meat intake with colorectal and prostate cancer, processed meat intake with rectal cancer and poultry intake with cancers of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues did not survive multiple testing.Conclusions: Higher intake of red and processed meat was specifically associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer; there was little evidence that meat intake was associated with risk of other cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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12. Patterns in metabolite profile are associated with risk of more aggressive prostate cancer: A prospective study of 3,057 matched case–control sets from EPIC.
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Schmidt, Julie A., Fensom, Georgina K., Rinaldi, Sabina, Scalbert, Augustin, Appleby, Paul N., Achaintre, David, Gicquiau, Audrey, Gunter, Marc J., Ferrari, Pietro, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kühn, Tilman, Boeing, Heiner, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Karakatsani, Anna, Peppa, Eleni, Palli, Domenico, Sieri, Sabina, Tumino, Rosario, Bueno‐de‐Mesquita, Bas, and Agudo, Antonio
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LONGITUDINAL method ,CANCER diagnosis ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,PROSTATE tumors ,ETIOLOGY of cancer ,PROSTATE cancer - Abstract
Metabolomics may reveal novel insights into the etiology of prostate cancer, for which few risk factors are established. We investigated the association between patterns in baseline plasma metabolite profile and subsequent prostate cancer risk, using data from 3,057 matched case–control sets from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). We measured 119 metabolite concentrations in plasma samples, collected on average 9.4 years before diagnosis, by mass spectrometry (AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit, Biocrates Life Sciences AG). Metabolite patterns were identified using treelet transform, a statistical method for identification of groups of correlated metabolites. Associations of metabolite patterns with prostate cancer risk (OR1SD) were estimated by conditional logistic regression. Supplementary analyses were conducted for metabolite patterns derived using principal component analysis and for individual metabolites. Men with metabolite profiles characterized by higher concentrations of either phosphatidylcholines or hydroxysphingomyelins (OR1SD = 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.66–0.89), acylcarnitines C18:1 and C18:2, glutamate, ornithine and taurine (OR1SD = 0.72, 0.57–0.90), or lysophosphatidylcholines (OR1SD = 0.81, 0.69–0.95) had lower risk of advanced stage prostate cancer at diagnosis, with no evidence of heterogeneity by follow‐up time. Similar associations were observed for the two former patterns with aggressive disease risk (the more aggressive subset of advanced stage), while the latter pattern was inversely related to risk of prostate cancer death (OR1SD = 0.77, 0.61–0.96). No associations were observed for prostate cancer overall or less aggressive tumor subtypes. In conclusion, metabolite patterns may be related to lower risk of more aggressive prostate tumors and prostate cancer death, and might be relevant to etiology of advanced stage prostate cancer. What's new? This prospective study is the largest investigation of metabolite profile and prostate cancer risk, to date. We found that patterns in plasma metabolite profile (characterized by higher concentrations of phosphatidylcholines and hydroxysphingomyelins; specific acylcarnitines, amino acids and a biogenic amine; and lysophosphatidylcholines, respectively) were associated with subsequent lower risk of more aggressive tumor subtypes and prostate cancer death. Moreover, the results suggest that metabolite profile may be relevant to the etiology of advanced stage disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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13. Prospective investigation of risk factors for prostate cancer in the UK Biobank cohort study.
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Perez-Cornago, Aurora, Key, Timothy J, Allen, Naomi E, Fensom, Georgina K, Bradbury, Kathryn E, Martin, Richard M, and Travis, Ruth C
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LONGITUDINAL method ,PROSTATE tumors ,RESEARCH funding ,DISEASE incidence ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models - Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in British men but its aetiology is not well understood. We aimed to identify risk factors for prostate cancer in British males.Methods: We studied 219 335 men from the UK Biobank study who were free from cancer at baseline. Exposure data were collected at recruitment. Prostate cancer risk by the different exposures was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.Results: In all, 4575 incident cases of prostate cancer occurred during 5.6 years of follow-up. Prostate cancer risk was positively associated with the following: black ethnicity (hazard ratio black vs white=2.61, 95% confidence interval=2.10-3.24); having ever had a prostate-specific antigen test (1.31, 1.23-1.40); being diagnosed with an enlarged prostate (1.54, 1.38-1.71); and having a family history of prostate cancer (1.94, 1.77-2.13). Conversely, Asian ethnicity (Asian vs white hazard ratio=0.62, 0.47-0.83), excess adiposity (body mass index (⩾35 vs <25 kg m-2=0.75, 0.64-0.88) and body fat (⩾30.1 vs <20.5%=0.81, 0.73-0.89)), cigarette smoking (current vs never smokers=0.85, 0.77-0.95), having diabetes (0.70, 0.62-0.80), and never having had children (0.89, 0.81-0.97) or sexual intercourse (0.53, 0.33-0.84) were related to a lower risk.Conclusions: In this new large British prospective study, we identified associations with already-established, putative and possible novel risk factors for being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Future research will examine associations by tumour characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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14. Pre-diagnostic metabolite concentrations and prostate cancer risk in 1077 cases and 1077 matched controls in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
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Schmidt, Julie A., Fensom, Georgina K., Rinaldi, Sabina, Scalbert, Augustin, Appleby, Paul N., Achaintre, David, Gicquiau, Audrey, Gunter, Marc J., Ferrari, Pietro, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kühn, Tilman, Floegel, Anna, Boeing, Heiner, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Lagiou, Pagona, Anifantis, Eleutherios, Agnoli, Claudia, Palli, Domenico, Trevisan, Morena, and Tumino, Rosario
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PROSTATE cancer risk factors , *METABOLITES , *NUTRITION , *AMINO acids , *BIOGENIC amines , *PROSTATE diseases - Abstract
Background: Little is known about how pre-diagnostic metabolites in blood relate to risk of prostate cancer. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between plasma metabolite concentrations and risk of prostate cancer overall, and by time to diagnosis and tumour characteristics, and risk of death from prostate cancer.Methods: In a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, pre-diagnostic plasma concentrations of 122 metabolites (including acylcarnitines, amino acids, biogenic amines, glycerophospholipids, hexose and sphingolipids) were measured using targeted mass spectrometry (AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit) and compared between 1077 prostate cancer cases and 1077 matched controls. Risk of prostate cancer associated with metabolite concentrations was estimated by multi-variable conditional logistic regression, and multiple testing was accounted for by using a false discovery rate controlling procedure.Results: Seven metabolite concentrations, i.e. acylcarnitine C18:1, amino acids citrulline and trans-4-hydroxyproline, glycerophospholipids PC aa C28:1, PC ae C30:0 and PC ae C30:2, and sphingolipid SM (OH) C14:1, were associated with prostate cancer (p < 0.05), but none of the associations were statistically significant after controlling for multiple testing. Citrulline was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio (OR1SD) = 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.86; p trend = 0.0002) in the first 5 years of follow-up after taking multiple testing into account, but not after longer follow-up; results for other metabolites did not vary by time to diagnosis. After controlling for multiple testing, 12 glycerophospholipids were inversely associated with advanced stage disease, with risk reduction up to 46% per standard deviation increase in concentration (OR1SD = 0.54; 95% CI 0.40-0.72; p trend = 0.00004 for PC aa C40:3). Death from prostate cancer was associated with higher concentrations of acylcarnitine C3, amino acids methionine and trans-4-hydroxyproline, biogenic amine ADMA, hexose and sphingolipid SM (OH) C14:1 and lower concentration of glycerophospholipid PC aa C42:4.Conclusions: Several metabolites, i.e. C18:1, citrulline, trans-4-hydroxyproline, three glycerophospholipids and SM (OH) C14:1, might be related to prostate cancer. Analyses by time to diagnosis indicated that citrulline may be a marker of subclinical prostate cancer, while other metabolites might be related to aetiology. Several glycerophospholipids were inversely related to advanced stage disease. More prospective data are needed to confirm these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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15. Association of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity Level With Risks of Hospitalization for 25 Common Health Conditions in UK Adults.
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Watts, Eleanor L., Saint-Maurice, Pedro F., Doherty, Aiden, Fensom, Georgina K., Freeman, Joshua R., Gorzelitz, Jessica S., Jin, David, McClain, Kathleen M., Papier, Keren, Patel, Shreya, Shiroma, Eric J., Moore, Steven C., and Matthews, Charles E.
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- 2023
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16. Night Shift Work and Breast Cancer Incidence: Three Prospective Studies and Meta-analysis of Published Studies.
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Travis, Ruth C., Balkwill, Angela, Fensom, Georgina K., Appleby, Paul N., Reeves, Gillian K., Xiao-Si Wang, Roddam, Andrew W., Gathani, Toral, Peto, Richard, Green, Jane, Key, Timothy J., and Beral, Valerie
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NIGHT work ,BREAST cancer risk factors ,CARCINOGENICITY ,META-analysis ,LIKELIHOOD ratio tests - Abstract
Background: It has been proposed that night shift work could increase breast cancer incidence. A 2007 World Health Organization review concluded,mainly from animal evidence, that shift work involving circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans.We therefore aimed to generate prospective epidemiological evidence on night shift work and breast cancer incidence. Methods: Overall, 522 246 Million Women Study, 22 559 EPIC-Oxford, and 251 045 UK Biobank participants answered questions on shift work and were followed for incident cancer. Cox regression yielded multivariable-adjusted breast cancer incidence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for night shift work vs no night shift work, and likelihood ratio tests for interaction were used to assess heterogeneity. Our meta-analyses combined these and relative risks from the seven previously published prospective studies (1.4 million women in total), using inverse-variance weighted averages of the studyspecific log RRs. Results: In the Million Women Study, EPIC-Oxford, and UK Biobank, respectively, 673, 28, and 67 women who reported night shift work developed breast cancer, and the RRs for any vs no night shift work were 1.00 (95% CI=0.92 to 1.08), 1.07 (95% CI=0.71 to 1.62), and 0.78 (95% CI=0.61 to 1.00). In the Million Women Study, the RR for 20 or more years of night shift work was 1.00 (95% CI=0.81 to 1.23), with no statistically significant heterogeneity by sleep patterns or breast cancer risk factors. Our meta-analysis of all 10 prospective studies included 4660 breast cancers in women reporting night shift work; compared with other women, the combined relative risks were 0.99 (95% CI=0.95 to 1.03) for any night shift work, 1.01 (95% CI=0.93 to 1.10) for 20 or more years of night shift work, and 1.00 (95% CI=0.87 to 1.14) for 30 or more years. Conclusions: The totality of the prospective evidence shows that night shift work, including long-termshift work, has little or no effect on breast cancer incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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17. NMR Metabolite Profiles in Male Meat-Eaters, Fish-Eaters, Vegetarians and Vegans, and Comparison with MS Metabolite Profiles.
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Schmidt, Julie A., Fensom, Georgina K., Rinaldi, Sabina, Scalbert, Augustin, Gunter, Marc J., Holmes, Michael V., Key, Timothy J., Travis, Ruth C., and Jang, Cholsoon
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SATURATED fatty acids ,OMEGA-3 fatty acids ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance ,GAS chromatography ,VEGANS ,HYDROXYCHOLESTEROLS - Abstract
Metabolomics may help to elucidate mechanisms underlying diet-disease relationships and identify novel risk factors for disease. To inform the design and interpretation of such research, evidence on diet-metabolite associations and cross-assay comparisons is needed. We aimed to compare nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolite profiles between meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans, and to compare NMR measurements to those from mass spectrometry (MS), clinical chemistry and capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GC). We quantified 207 serum NMR metabolite measures in 286 male participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Oxford cohort. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we found that metabolite profiles varied by diet group, especially for vegans; the main differences compared to meat-eaters were lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid, total n-3 and saturated fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides in very-low-density lipoproteins, various lipid factions in high-density lipoprotein, sphingomyelins, tyrosine and creatinine, and higher levels of linoleic acid, total n-6, polyunsaturated fatty acids and alanine. Levels in fish-eaters and vegetarians differed by metabolite measure. Concentrations of 13 metabolites measured using both NMR and MS, clinical chemistry or GC were mostly similar. In summary, vegans' metabolite profiles were markedly different to those of men consuming animal products. The studied metabolomics platforms are complementary, with limited overlap between metabolite classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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18. Comparison of Major Protein-Source Foods and Other Food Groups in Meat-Eaters and Non-Meat-Eaters in the EPIC-Oxford Cohort.
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Papier, Keren, Tong, Tammy YN, Appleby, Paul N, Bradbury, Kathryn E, Fensom, Georgina K, Knuppel, Anika, Perez-Cornago, Aurora, Schmidt, Julie A, Travis, Ruth C, and Key, Timothy J
- Abstract
Differences in health outcomes between meat-eaters and non-meat-eaters might relate to differences in dietary intakes between these diet groups. We assessed intakes of major protein-source foods and other food groups in six groups of meat-eaters and non-meat-eaters participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Oxford study. The data were from 30,239 participants who answered questions regarding their consumption of meat, fish, dairy or eggs and completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 2010. Participants were categorized as regular meat-eaters, low meat-eaters, poultry-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans. FFQ foods were categorized into 45 food groups and analysis of variance was used to test for differences between age-adjusted mean intakes of each food group by diet group. Regular meat-eaters, vegetarians and vegans, respectively, consumed about a third, quarter and a fifth of their total energy intake from high protein-source foods. Compared with regular meat-eaters, low and non-meat-eaters consumed higher amounts of high-protein meat alternatives (soy, legumes, pulses, nuts, seeds) and other plant-based foods (whole grains, vegetables, fruits) and lower amounts of refined grains, fried foods, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages. These findings provide insight into potential nutritional explanations for differences in health outcomes between diet groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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