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Drumski transport robe se susreće sa mnogim izazovima koji predstavljaju pretnju produktivnosti, efikasnosti i kvalitetu usluge koja se pruža. Kako je drumski transport značajan za privredu ovi izazovi zahtevaju pažnju javnog sektora i preduzimanje mera saobraćajne politike kojima će se njihovi efekti otkloniti ili ublažiti. Predmet ove disertacije su elementi saobraćajne politike i način donošenja odluka o njihovoj primeni u međunarodnom drumskom transportu robe. Cilj je da se definiše metodologija za podršku odlučivanju u sferi vođenja politike u oblasti transporta, i to u delu razvoja elemenata saobraćajne politike koji se odnose na međunarodni drumski transport robe, uz afirmaciju učešća zainteresovanih strana. Na početku rada pažnja je posvećena prikazu, raspravi i sistematizaciji osnovnih pojmova kako procesa strateškog planiranja transporta i elemenata rezultujućeg dokumenta nacionalne saobraćajne politike, tako i procesa stvaranja i primene politike. Komparativnom metodom detaljno su analizirani strateški dokumenti saobraćajne politike evropskih država i identifikovani su i sistematizovani, metodom empirijske klasifikacije, instrumenti politike koji utiču na međunarodni drumski transport robe. Prikazana je definisana metodologija za ocenu uticaja politike koja će proizvesti uspešno delovanje na međunarodni drumski transport robe, odnosno opisani su koraci postupka u opštem slučaju. Metodologija je definisana metodom kompilacije i modeliranjem. Prezentirani su način na koji se analizira stanje, analiziraju zainteresovane strane i identifikuju, selektuju i rangiraju problemi podsistema međunarodnog drumskog transporta robe. Potom se pažnja posvećuje definisanju ciljeva i kriterijumima za izbor instrumenata za njihovo dostizanje. U nastavku je dat okvir sistema indikatora i postupak za izbor pojedinačnih indikatora koji je preuzet iz literature kao i modifikovan kompleksan indikator koji je prilagođen korišćenju za međunarodni drumski transport robe. Detaljno je opisan razvijeni model za ocenu uticaja instrumenata saobraćajne politike na međunarodni drumski transport višekriterijumskim rangiranjem primenom Analitičkog mrežnog procesa. Road transport of goods is facing many challenges that threaten the productivity, efficiency and quality of service provided. Having in mind the economic relevance of road transport, these challenges deserve due care and attention by the public sector, as well as appropriate transport policy measures to eliminate or mitigate their effects. The subject of this dissertation covers the elements of the transport policy and the decision making process governing their implementation in international road transport of goods. The main objective is to define a methodology to support the decision making process in carrying out a transport policy, with an emphasis on the development of the transport policy elements related to international road transport of goods and stakeholders' participation. In the opening segment of the dissertation, the focus is on the description, discussion and classification of the basic terms pertaining to a) strategic transport planning and the elements of a resulting national transport policy document, and b) the process of policy making. A comparative method has been used to analyse strategic transport policy documents of European countries, whereas the policy instruments of relevance to international road transport of goods have been identified and arranged in a systematic order by empirical comparison. The research resulted in a specific methodology to assess the impact of a transport policy with a successful effect on international road transport of goods, and described the phases of the procedure in a general case. The methodology has been defined by a compilation method and modelling. The methods to analyse the situation and stakeholders, and to identify, select and rank the international road transport of goods subsystem problems were presented. The focus then shifts to the definition of objectives and criteria for the selection of instruments to achieve them. Further, a framework for the system of indicators has been set, along with the selection procedure for individual indicators taken from the literature and a modified, complex indicator adjusted to the use in international road transport of goods. A detailed description follows of the developed model for the impact assessment of transport policy instruments on international road transport, involving multi-criteria ranking by means of Analytic Network Process.

U cilјu bеzbеdnоg izvršеnjа trаnspоrtnоg prоcеsа оpаsnе rоbе nеоphоdnо је uprаvlјаti rizikоm, kојi prеdstаvlја vеоmа slоžеn prоcеs, а јеdаn оd kоrаkа u оkviru оvоg prоcеsа је izbоr trаsа zа krеtаnjе vоzilа kоја trаnspоrtuјu оpаsnu rоbu. Izvršiti izbоr trаsа zа krеtаnjе vоzilа kоја trаnspоrtuјu оpаsnu rоbu а pri tоmе nе izvršiti kvаntifikаciјu nivоа rizikа u оkviru svаkе trаsе, dоvеlо bi dо mоgućnоsti pоgrеšnоg izbоrа а sаmim tim i vеlikih pоtеnciјаnih pоslеdicа kоје mоžе dа izаzоvе оpаsnа rоbа kоја sе trаnspоrtuје. Kаkо bi sе izvršiо аdеkvаtаn izbоr trаsа sа аspеktа uprаvlјаnjа rizikоm, u оkviru rаdа dаt је prikаz prоcеsа uprаvlјаnjа rizikоm u trаnspоrtu оpаsnе rоbе, оdnоsnо prikаz fаzа iz kојih sе prоcеs uprаvlјаnjа rizikоm sаstојi i dаt је dеtаlјаn оpis svаkе fаzе pоsеbnо. Оdrеđеnо је i mеstо i znаčај izbоrа trаsа zа krеtаnjе vоzilа kоја trаnspоrtuјu оpаsnu rоbu, kоја prеdstаvlја јеdnu оd pоčеtnih аktivnоsti u оkviru izrаdе аnаlizе оpаsnоsti оd nаstаnkа incidеntnе situаciје, оdnоsnо prvе fаzе pоmеnutоg prоcеsа. Pоsеbnа pаžnjа је pоsvеćеnа оdrеđivаnju nivоа društvеnоg i individuаlnоg rizikа zbоg vеlikе znаčајnоsti оvih vrstа rizikа pri izbоru trаsа zа krеtаnjе vоzilа kоја trаnspоrtuјu оpаsnu rоbu sа аspеktа uprаvlјаnjа rizikоm. U trеćеm pоglаvlјu rаdа dаt је prikаz nајvаžniјih mеtоdоlоgiја iz litеrаturе оd strаnе inоstrаnih аutоrа kоје sе оdnоsе nа izbоr trаsа zа krеtаnjе vоzilа kоја trаnspоrtuјu оpаsnu rоbu nа оsnоvu nivоа individuаlnоg i društvеnоg rizikа i nа оsnоvu аpsоlutnоg i rеlаtivnоg rizikа. Zа prеthоdnо dvе nаvеdеnе grupе mеtоdоlоgiја dаt је njihоv krаtаk prikаz, kоrаci iz kојih sе оnе sаstоје, prеdnоsti i nеdоstаci, kао i pоdručје njihоvе primеnе. U оkviru čеtvrtоg pоglаvlја rаdа dаt је blоk diјаgrаm nа kоmе su prikаzаni kоrаci u оkviru mеtоdоlоgiје zа izbоr trаsа zа krеtаnjе vоzilа kоја trаnspоrtuјu оpаsnu rоbu sа аspеktа uprаvlјаnjа rizikоm. Меtоdоlоgiја kоја је prеzеntirаnа u čеtvrtоm pоglаvlјu rаdа оbјеdinjuје svе mоgućе еlеmеntе kојi utiču ili оnе kојi mоgu uticаti nа izbоr trаsе zа krеtаnjе vоzilа kоја trаnspоrtuјu оpаsnu rоbu nа оsnоvu vеličinе аpsоlutnоg rizikа. Меtоdоlоgiја sе sаstојi iz 11 kоrаkа i zаsnivа sе nа izbоru trаsа zа trаnspоrt оpаsnе rоbе nа оsnоvu аpsоlutnоg rizikа, оdnоsnо rizikа kојi sе mоžе kvаntifikоvаti. Оnа оbјеdinjuје svе fаzе u оkviru prvе fаzе u оkviru Меtоdоlоgiје uprаvlјаnjа rizikоm оd nаstаnkа incidеntnе situаciје. Idеntifikаciја оpаsnоsti i vеličinа pоslеdicа оd nаstаnkа incidеntnе situаciје su оbuhvаćеnе u оkviru prvih pеt kоrаkа mеtоdоlоgiје, dоk је prоcеnа rizikа kао zаvršnа fаzа u оkviru аnаlizе оpаsnоsti оd nаstаnkа incidеntnе situаciје sprоvеdеnа krоz sеdmi, оsmi, dеvеti i dеsеti kоrаk. Kао јеdаn оd kоrаkа u оkviru mеtоdоlоgiје је i primеnа mоdеlа zаsnоvаnоg nа utvrđivаnju аpsоlutnоg rizikа i dеfinisаnjа prihvаtlјivоg nivоа rizikа оdrеđеnе dеоnicе putа, оdnоsnо dеlа trаsе. U cilјu utvrđivаnjа nivоа rizikа u оkviru mеtоdоlоgiје dеfinisаni su pаrаmеtri kојi utiču nа vеličinu vеrоvаtnоćе nаstаnkа incidеntnе situаciје i pаrаmеtri kојi utiču nа vеličinu pоslеdicа i njihоvе vrеdnоsti su pоvеzаnе sа vеličinоm rizikа, dоk је zа svаki pаrаmеtаr utvrđеn njеgоv tеžinski fаktоr nа оsnоvu sprоvеdеnе аnkеtе еkspеrаtа. U оkviru pоslеdnjеg pоglаvlја dаt је prikаz primеnе unаprеđеnе mеtоdоlоgiје nа mrеžu sаоbrаćајnicа nа tеritоriјi grаdа Bеоgrаdа sа cilјеm izbоrа trаsа zа krеtаnjе vоzilа kоја trаnspоrtuјu оpаsnu rоbu sа аspеktа uprаvlјаnjа rizikоm. Kаkо bi sе sprоvеlа cеlоkupnа mеtоdоlоgiја, sprоvеdеnа su оpsеžnа istrаživаnjа kаrаktеristikа trаnspоrtnih zаhtеvа nаftе i nаftnih dеrivаtа nа tоtаlnоm uzоrku zа pоdručје Rеpublikе Srbiје, dеfinisаni tеžinski fаkоri zа svаki pаrаmеtаr i utvrđеnе njihоvе vrеdnоsti zа svаku оd izаbrаnih dеоnicа, оdnоsnо zа svаku dеоnicu pоsеbnо је fоrmirаnа mаtricа rizikа nа оsnоvu kоје је dоnеtа оdlukа dа li је оdrеđеnа dеоnicа u оkviru trаsе pоdоbnа zа trаnspоrt оpаsnе rоbе ili nе sа аspеktа dоzvоlјеnоg nivоа rizikа. Nа оsnоvu sprоvеdеnih svih kоrаkа u оkviru mеtоdоlоgiје, nа krајu rаdа dаt је prikаz trаsа zа krеtаnjе vоzilа kоја trаnspоrtuјu оpаsnu rоbu nа tеritоriјi grаdа Bеоgrаdа nа оsnоvu upоrеđеnjа vеličinе rizikа nа tој dеоnici sа dоzvоlјеnim nivооm rizikа. In order to secure the execution process of the transport of dangerous goods it is necessary to manage risk, which is a very complex process, and one of the steps in this process is the selection of routes for the movement of vehicles transporting dangerous goods. Make a selection of routes for the movement of vehicles transporting dangerous goods while not perform quantification of risk levels within each route would lead to the possibility of a wrong choice and thus of potential major consequences that can lead to dangerous goods being transported. In order to execute an appropriate choice of route in terms of risk management within the article gives an overview of risk management in the transport of dangerous goods, or display the phase from which the risk management process and includes a detailed description of each stage separately. Is determined by the place and importance of the route for the movement of vehicles transporting dangerous goods, which is one of the initial activity within the development of hazard analysis of the occurrence of the incident or the first stage of the process. Special attention is paid to determining the level of social and individual risk because of the significance of these kinds of risks in choosing the route for the movement of vehicles transporting dangerous goods in terms of risk management. In the third section of the paper presents the most important methodologies in the literature by foreign authors concerning the choice of route for the movement of vehicles transporting dangerous goods by the level of individual and social risk on the basis of absolute and relative risk. For the two previously mentioned groups methodology is given in their brief statement, the steps from which they are made, the advantages and disadvantages, as well as their application area. In the fourth chapter of the paper is a block diagram which shows the steps in the methodology for choosing the route for the movement of vehicles transporting dangerous goods in terms of risk management. The methodology presented ucetvrtom of chapter combines all the elements that can affect or which may affect the choice of route for the movement of vehicles transporting dangerous goods based on the size of absolute risk. The methodology consists of 11 steps and is based on choosing the route for the transport of dangerous goods on the basis of absolute risk, that risk can be quantified. It combines all the stages in the first phase of the Risk Management Methodology occurrence of the incident. The identification of hazards and consequences of occurrence of the size of the incident are included in the first five steps of the methodology, while the risk assessment as the final stage in the analysis of the risk of occurrence of the incident conducted by the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth step. As one of the steps in the methodology and the use of model-based determination of absolute risk and defining acceptable risk levels specific sections of the road or part of the route. In order to determine the level of risk according to the methodology defined by the parameters that influence the size of the probability of occurrence of the incident and the parameters that influence the size of the result and the value associated with the size of risk, and for each parameter determined by its weighting factor based on the survey of experts. In the last chapter presents the application of improved methodologies to network traffic in the city of Belgrade with the objective of the route for the movement of vehicles transporting dangerous goods in terms of risk management. In order to implement the entire methodology, conducted the comprehensive study of the characteristics of transportation requires oil and petroleum products in the total sample for the Republic of Serbia, the growth factor defined by weight for each parameter and their values are determined for each of the selected section, and for each section separately formed matrix risk on the basis that the decision is made whether a particular section of the route suitable for the transport of dangerous goods or not in terms of allowable levels of risk. Based on performed all the steps in the methodology, at the end of the paper presents a route for movement of vehicles transporting dangerous goods in the territory of Belgrade on the basis of comparisons of the size of the risk in this section of the allowable level of risk.

delatnosti, neminovno se postavlja pitanje položaja koji treba da zauzme podsistem transporta i u okviru toga rad voznih parkova: kao delatnost koja stvara novu vrednost osnovnom sistemu ili kao neizbežan trošak. Značajnu ulogu u tome ima način na koji je definisano korišćenje vozila i kako se odvijaju aktivnosti vezane za vozni park. Predmet ove disertacije su vozni parkovi složenih javnih sistema i analiza uticaja metoda upravljanja troškovima na troškovnu efikasnost. Cilj disertacije je razvoj unapređenog metoda za alokaciju troškova voznih parkova složenih javnih sistema na osnovu prethodno definisanih parametara funkcionisanja sistema koji utiču na način korišćenja vozila i na procese i potprocese podsistema transporta. Metod predstavlja podršku odlučivanju rukovodiocima voznih parkova prilikom optimizacije organizacije, procesa i potprocesa podsistema transporta i korišćenja voznih parkova. U radu je prvo prikazan značaj upravljanja troškovnom efikasnošću u voznim parkovima. Zatim su analizirane karakteristike složenih javnih sistema i tipovi voznih parkova u složenim javnim sistemima, pri čemu je akcenat stavljen na način posedovanja vozila u voznim parkovima. Prikazan je položaj organizacione jedinice transport/vozni park u organizacionoj strukturi složenog sistema, kao i procesi koji se u njoj odvijaju. Prezentiran je unapređeni metod za alokaciju troškova u podsistemima transporta složenih javnih sistema koji se zasniva na obračunu troškova prema aktivnostima i karakteristikama rada voznih parkova. Analizirana je mogućnost njegove primene za potrebe upravljanja troškovnom efikasnošću voznih parkova. Definisani su odgovarajući parametri od uticaja na aktivnosti podsistema transporta i uzročnici troškova u postupku raspoređivanja troškova. Njihovom primenom u metodu određeni su troškovi aktivnosti podsistema transporta. Prilagođena je procedura određivanja troškova prema aktivnostima za primenu u voznom parku javnog preduzeća. Zatim je razvijeni metod primenjen u voznom parku jednog javnog preduzeća u Republici Srbiji. Razvijeni metod, prilagođen datom okruženju, pokazao se pogodnim za korišćenje u velikim voznim parkovima naših javnih preduzeća, i kao međufaza za postepenu primenu sveobuhvatnog sistema za upravljanje troškovima prema aktivnostima. With the contemporary tendencies for business systems to concentrate on their core activities, the question arising indispensably is the position that should be occupied by the transport activity and fleet operation within: is it the activity which provides an added value to the core system or a cost that could not be avoided. The manner of defining the vehicle utilization and the realization of the activities linked to the fleet play an important role in this matter. The object of this dissertation are fleets of complex public systems and the impact analysis of cost management methods on cost efficiency. The objective of the dissertation is the development of cost allocation method within public fleets based on system operation predefined parameters that affect vehicle utilization and transport subsystem processes and sub-processes. The method is a decision support system for fleet managers intended for optimization of the organization, processes and sub-processes of transport and fleet operation subsystems. The dissertation has first highlighted the importance of fleet’s cost efficiency management. Afterwards, the characteristics of complex public systems and types of public fleets were analyzed, with emphasis on fleet ownership. Position of the transport organizational unit/fleet department within the organizational structure of a complex public system has been presented, as well as processes taking place within. An improved fleet cost efficiency management method is then shown within transport subsystems of complex public systems based on Activity Based Costing and fleet operation characteristics . The possibility of its implementation into fleet cost efficiency management has been analyzed. Relevant parameters influencing transport subsystem activities and cost drivers in the cost allocation procedure have been defined. Their usage in this method allowed transport activities’ costs to be determined. Cost determination procedure based on Activity Based Costing in the public companies fleet has been appropriately adapted. The method has been implemented in one public company fleet in the Republic of Serbia. The established method, adapted to such environment, proved to be suitable for use in large fleets of Serbian public companies, and as an intermediate stage for the gradual implementation of a comprehensive system for activity based cost management.