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399 results on '"Duncan, Dustin T."'

2. Neighborhood Safety and Neighborhood Police Violence Are Associated with Psychological Distress among English- and Spanish-Speaking Transgender Women of Color in New York City: Finding from the TURNNT Cohort Study

Author

Duncan, Dustin T., Park, Su Hyun, Dharma, Christoffer, Torrats-Espinosa, Gerard, Contreras, Jessica, Scheinmann, Roberta, Watson, Kim, Herrera, Cristina, Schneider, John A., Khan, Maria, Lim, Sahnah, Trinh-Shevrin, Chau, and Radix, Asa

Published
2024
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16. Disparities in Food Access around Homes and Schools for New York City Children

Author

Elbel, Brian, Tamura, Kosuke, McDermott, Zachary T., Duncan, Dustin T., Athens, Jessica K., Wu, Erilia, Mijanovich, Tod, and Schwartz, Amy Ellen

Abstract

Demographic and income disparities may impact food accessibility. Research has not yet well documented the precise location of healthy and unhealthy food resources around children's homes and schools. The objective of this study was to examine the food environment around homes and schools for all public school children, stratified by race/ethnicity and poverty status. This cross-sectional study linked data on the exact home and school addresses of a population-based sample of public school children in New York City from 2013 to all corner stores, supermarkets, fast-food restaurants, and wait-service restaurants. Two measures were created around these addresses for all children: 1) distance to the nearest outlet, and 2) count of outlets within 0.25 miles. The total analytic sample included 789,520 K-12 graders. The average age was 11.78 years (SD ± 4.0 years). Black, Hispanic, and Asian students live and attend schools closer to nearly all food outlet types than White students, regardless of poverty status. Among not low-income students, Black, Hispanic, and Asian students were closer from home and school to corner stores and supermarkets, and had more supermarkets around school than White students. The context in which children live matters, and more nuanced data is important for development of appropriate solutions for childhood obesity. Future research should examine disparities in the food environment in other geographies and by other demographic characteristics, and then link these differences to health outcomes like body mass index. These findings can be used to better understand disparities in food access and to help design policies intended to promote healthy eating among children.

Published
2019
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32. Defining Spatial Epidemiology: A Systematic Review and Re-orientation.

Author

Morrison, Christopher N., Mair, Christina F., Bates, Lisa, Duncan, Dustin T., Branas, Charles C., Bushover, Brady R., Mehranbod, Christina A., Gobaud, Ariana N., Uong, Stephen, Forrest, Sarah, Roberts, Leah, and Rundle, Andrew G.

Abstract

Background: Spatial epidemiology has emerged as an important subfield of epidemiology over the past quarter century. We trace the origins of spatial epidemiology and note that its emergence coincided with technological developments in spatial statistics and geography. We hypothesize that spatial epidemiology makes important contributions to descriptive epidemiology and analytic risk-factor studies but is not yet aligned with epidemiology’s current focus on causal inference and intervention. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies indexed in PubMed that used the term “spatial epidemiolog*” in the title, abstract, or keywords. Excluded articles were not written in English, examined disease in animals, or reported biologic pathogen distribution only. We coded the included papers into five categories (review, demonstration of method, descriptive, analytic, and intervention) and recorded the unit of analysis (i.e., individual vs. ecological). We additionally examined articles coded as analytic ecologic studies using scales for lexical content. Results: A total of 482 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 76 reviews, 117 demonstrations of methods, 122 descriptive studies, 167 analytic studies, and 0 intervention studies. Demonstration studies were most common from 2006 to 2014, and analytic studies were most common after 2015. Among the analytic ecologic studies, those published in later years used more terms relevant to spatial statistics (incidence rate ratio =1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.5) and causal inference (incidence rate ratio =1.1; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.2). Conclusions: Spatial epidemiology is an important and growing subfield of epidemiology. We suggest a re-orientation to help align its practice with the goals of contemporary epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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