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2. FSW of AA2024: effects of tool wear on energy consumption.

Author

Cozzolino, E., Astarita, A., and Prisco, U.

Subjects
FRICTION stir welding, FRICTION materials, INTERFACIAL friction, SHEAR strain, WELDING
Abstract

This study shows that the progressive adhesion of weld material to the tool in friction stir welding AA 2024-T3, up to tool saturation, brings about a decrease in power consumption until a plateau is reached. The cause of this behavior is the hindering of the stirring action of the tool due to the material accumulated on it. The built-up material changes the nature of the tool/material interaction and then the friction condition at their interface. The direct consequence is a decrease in the shearing strain and therefore in the heat generated by friction. Bits of this adhering material break off from the tool at intervals. Macro and micro detachments are identified. Micro-detachments happen continuously at small periodic intervals and produce vibrations. The amplitude of these vibrations increases in all their characteristic spectral components up to tool saturation. Macro-detachments generate oscillations in power consumption and leave galling on the weld bead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Infrared multispectral monitoring of cereal crops

Author

Rippa M., Curcio R., Di Mola I., Ottaiano L., Cozzolino E., Mori M., Mormile P., Rippa, M., Curcio, R., Di Mola, I., Ottaiano, L., Cozzolino, E., Mori, M., and Mormile, P.

Subjects
Thermography, Cereal, Precision Agriculture, Plant Stre, Digital Agriculture, Infrared Imaging
Abstract

Plants are subjected to a wide range of stresses which reduces the productivity of agricultural crops. In the case of cereal cultivations, climate change impacts on their production mainly through abiotic and biotic stress due for example to heat and water stress but also to pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, nematodes and others. The area under cereal cultivation is increasing worldwide, but, due to these problems, the current rates of yield growth and overall production are not enough to satisfy future demand. For this motivation, there is the needs to monitor and to control the cultivations, also developing new technological solutions useful to better optimize the management strategies, increasing both the quality of products and the quantity of the annual cereal harvest. Infrared imaging is a well-known non-invasive and non-contact technique that represents an outstanding approach of analysis applied in many fields: engineering, medicine, veterinary, cultural heritage and others. In recent years it has been gaining great interest in agriculture as it is well suited to the emerging needs of the precision agriculture management strategies. In this work, we performed an in-field multispectral infrared monitoring of different cereal crops (durum wheat and common wheat) through the use of both LWIR and MWIR cameras. The monitoring carried out made it possible to identify, among the crops analyzed, those subject to higher stress levels and their response to the different spectral ranges used. The results obtained open to the possibility of identifying new figures of merit useful for an effective monitoring of cereal crops and measurable through remote instrumentation.

Published
2022

7. Regulation of CO2 by the sea in areas around Latin America in a context of climate change.

Author

Lutz, V., Chidiak, M., Frouin, R., Negri, R., Dogliotti, A. I., Santamaria-del-Angel, E., Berghoff, C. F., Rojas, J., Filipello, C., Astor, Y., Segura, V., Gonzalez-Silvera, A., Escudero, L., Ledesma, J., Ueyoshi, K., Silva, R. I., Ruiz, M. G., Cozzolino, E., Allega, L., and Tan, J.

Subjects
GREENHOUSE gases, CLIMATE change, MARINE ecosystem health, ECOSYSTEM health, ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, MARINE service
Abstract

Anthropogenic activities are increasing the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2); around a third of the CO2 emitted by these activities has been taken up by the ocean. Nevertheless, this marine ecosystem service of regulation remains largely invisible to society, and not enough is known about regional differences and trends in sea-air CO2 fluxes (FCO2), especially in the Southern Hemisphere. The objectives of this work were as follows: first to put values of FCO2 integrated over the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) of five Latin-American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela) into perspective regarding total country-level greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Second, to assess the variability of two main biological factors affecting FCO2 at marine ecological time series (METS) in these areas. FCO2 over the EEZs were estimated using the NEMO model, and GHG emissions were taken from reports to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. For each METS, the variability in phytoplankton biomass (indexed by chlorophyll-a concentration, Chla) and abundance of different cell sizes (phy-size) were analyzed at two time periods (2000–2015 and 2007–2015). Estimates of FCO2 at the analyzed EEZs showed high variability among each other and non-negligible values in the context of greenhouse gas emissions. The trends observed at the METS indicated, in some cases, an increase in Chla (e.g., EPEA-Argentina) and a decrease in others (e.g., IMARPE-Peru). Evidence of increasing populations of small size-phytoplankton was observed (e.g., EPEA-Argentina, Ensenada-Mexico), which would affect the carbon export to the deep ocean. These results highlight the relevance of ocean health and its ecosystem service of regulation when discussing carbon net emissions and budgets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. Use of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to control soil erosion and improve soil quality in a marginal degraded area

Author

Visconti D., Fiorentino N., Cozzolino E., Di Mola I., Ottaiano L., Mori M., Cenvinzo V., Fagnano M., Visconti, D., Fiorentino, N., Cozzolino, E., Di Mola, I., Ottaiano, L., Mori, M., Cenvinzo, V., and Fagnano, M.

Subjects
Runoff, Leaf area index, Perennial crop, Soil fertility, Arundo donax
Abstract

Soil erosion is one of the biggest environmental problems throughout European Union causing considerable soil losses. Vegetation cover provides an important soil protection against runoff and soil erosion. To this aim, unlike annual crops, perennial plants have the advantage of covering soil for a longer time and reducing soil erodibility thanks to SOM increase due to litter effect and to reduction of soil disturbance (no-tillage). Two experiments were carried out in marginal hilly areas (10% slope) of Southern Italy: i) long-term experiment in which it was evaluated the effect of two fertilization doses (N: 100 and 50 kg N ha−1 from urea) on Arundo donax L. biomass production as well as its effect on soil erosion; ii) three-year experiment to evaluate the soil cover capacity of the giant reed by analysing the plant leaf area index (LAI). Results of the two experiments showed a good soil protection of Arundo donax L. that reduced soil losses by 78% as compared to fallow and showed soil erosion reduction not different from permanent meadow thanks to the soil covering during the period with the highest rain erosivity and to the reduction in soil erodibility. The protective effect of Arundo donax L. from rain erosivity was also confirmed by LAI analysis that showed a good soil covering of giant reed in the above mentioned period, even during the initial yield increasing phase following crop transplant. According to biomass yield, from the fifteen year of cultivation in a low fertile inland hilly area of Southern Italy, giant reed was characterized by a yield-decreasing phase that resulted postponed as compared to more fertile environments thus ensuring a longstanding soil protection from soil erosion. In addition, the higher nitrogen fertilization dose (100 kg ha−1 of N) allowed interesting biomass yield as compared to the lower dose (50 kg N ha−1) and kept constant SOC along the year of experimentation due to an improved contribution of leaf fall, root exudates and root turnover to soil. o.

Published
2020

10. The potential of greenhouse diffusing cover material on yield and nutritive values of lamb’s lettuce grown under diverse nitrogen regimes

Author

Cozzolino E., Di Mola I., Ottaiano L., El-Nakhel C., Mormile P., Rouphael Y., Mori M., Cozzolino, E., Di Mola, I., Ottaiano, L., El-Nakhel, C., Mormile, P., Rouphael, Y., and Mori, M.

Subjects
Total phenols, Yield (engineering), SPAD index, Lamb's-lettuce, chemistry.chemical_element, Greenhouse, Plant Science, Horticulture, Nitrate, Nitrogen, Nutritive values, chemistry, Agronomy, Antioxidant activity, Environmental science, Ascorbic acid, Cover (algebra), Color parameter, Food Science
Abstract

Light and nitrogen are the main factors commanding horticulture production. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the effects of two different greenhouse cover films (clear-Film A and diffuse light-Film B) on yield and nutritive value of a ready-to-eat salad lamb’s lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.), grown under several nitrogen regimes (no nitrogen [N0], sub-optimal [N25] and optimal N fertilization [N50] corresponding to 0, 25 and 50 kg ha-1 , respectively). The combination N50 and Film B boosted SPAD index by 10.3% and yield by 91.9% compared to N0 × Film A. Concerning antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds, only total ascorbic acid was positively affected by Film B (9.4%), while there was no effect of this cover film on carotenoids and chlorophyllous pigments, which increased along the increment of nitrogen rates. Nitrate content in leaves was influenced by both factors and it showed increasing values, when nitrogen doses increased, reaching the highest value under N50-Film B conditions (3312.3 mg kg-1 fw). Our study showed that in the Mediterranean area, the use of greenhouse diffuse light film improved lamb’s lettuce yield, but on the other hand incurred significant increase in nitrate level, nonetheless remaining constantly under the legal threshold imposed by the commission regulation (EU). Secondary metabolites, such as total phenols and carotenoids, showed similar values under both films, instead the diffuse light film improved total ascorbic acid content.

Published
2020

14. Yield, quality, antioxidants and elemental composition of peanut as affected by plant density and harvest time

Author

Tallarita, A., Sannino, M., Cozzolino, E., Albanese, D., Fratianni, F., Faugno, S., Piscopo, R., Nazzaro, F., Cuciniello, A., Maiello, R., Cenvinzo, V., and Caruso, G.

Subjects
fungi, food and beverages, Plant Science, Horticulture, Food Science
Abstract

With the perspective of reintroducing peanut cultivation in southern Italy about six decades after its dismissal, research was carried out with the aim to identify the best performing farming management in terms of yield and quality. In this respect, the effect of the factorial combination between four plant densities (6.1, 7.8, 10.3, and 12.1 plants m-2) and two harvest times (100 and 110 days after planting) was assessed on pod and seed yield, as well as on seed quality, antioxidant activity, and elemental composition. The later harvest time determined a 26.9% dry weight increase, but a 14.3% decrease in the number of seeds per pod. Plant density significantly influenced all the yield and growth indices except for mean seed weight. Yield and growth of each plant were best affected by the lowest plant density, whereas the opposite trend was recorded for the same parameters referred to the surface area unit. The density of 12.1 plants m-2 resulted in a 32% reduction in pods per plant compared to 6.1 plants m-2, but had the greatest effect on seed production per m-2. The leaf area index was the highest with the density of 12.1 plants m-2. The total dry weight increased by 1.7-fold from 6.1 to 12.1 plants m-2. Compared to the first harvest time, in the second one the protein content decreased by 6.8%, and total polyphenols and antioxidant activity decreased by 11.2% and 7.6%, respectively. The second harvest time led to a depletion of N, P, and Mg, by 6.8%, 6.2%, and 6.8%, respectively, and a 7.1% Ca increase. The reintroduction of peanut cultivation in southern Italy is a realistic goal, though further studies regarding the crop system management are needed.

Published
2021

22. Effects of new mulching films in San Marzano tomato

Author

Di Mola I., Cozzolino E., Ottaiano L., Leone V., Nocerino S., Riccardi R., Fagnano M., Mori M., Di Mola, I., Cozzolino, E., Ottaiano, L., Leone, V., Nocerino, S., Riccardi, R., Fagnano, M., and Mori, M.

Published
2016

27. Material Particulado en Suspensión en el Río de la Plata: importancia del río Bermejo en su variabilidad espacio-temporal

Author

Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina, Camiolo, M. D., Cozzolino, E., Jaureguizar, A.J., Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina, Camiolo, M. D., Cozzolino, E., and Jaureguizar, A.J.

Abstract

[EN] Spatio-temporal variability of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in the Río de la Plata (RdlP) is analyzed from 2002-2014 of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data and explained in terms of its main tributaries flows. The monthly mean showed maximum during late summer to mid-autumn, and minimum in mid-winter to early summer. The Bermejo river (BeR), is the tributary that more sediment in suspension brings. This situation was reflected in the significant relationship between the mean monthly concentrations of SPM with the average monthly flow of BeR. Seasonal variation in SPM concentration, showed maximum values in fall, followed by summer, and minimum values in winter and spring, reflecting the monthly pattern of discharge of the BeR with one and two months of delay. The pattern of spatial variation differentiated threes regions: the inner, central and outer. The annual variability evidenced a marked seasonality in the spatial coverage pattern of the waters with the highest SPM. The pattern of the anomalies, appeared to be related to the influence of river discharge, what it showed the temporal pattern of SPM anomalies did not related to the ENSO (El Niño – Sourthen Oscillation) cycle. These results allowed us to denote the importance of BeR (not ENSO dependent) to explain the pattern of observed SPM anomaly in the RdlP region., [ES] La variabilidad espacio-temporal del Material Particulado en Suspensión (MPS) en el Río de la Plata (RdlP) fue analizada para el periodo 2002-2014 a partir de datos Aqua-MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), y posteriormente se explicó su variabilidad en términos de sus principales tributarios. La media mensual de la concentración del MPS mostró, un máximo a partir de fines del verano hasta mediados de otoño, y un mínimo, a partir de mediados del invierno hasta comienzos del verano. El río Bermejo (RBe), es el tributario que más sedimentos en suspensión transporta, situación que se reflejó en la relación significativa hallada entre la concentración media mensual del MPS y la descarga mensual promedio del RBe. La variación estacional del MPS, tuvo valores máximos durante el otoño y el verano, y valores mínimos en el invierno y la primavera, reflejando así el patrón mensual de descarga del RBe con uno y dos meses de retraso. La variación espacial evidenció tres regiones: interior, central y exterior. Por su parte, la variabilidad anual denotó una marcada estacionalidad en el patrón de cobertura espacial de las aguas con mayor concentración de MPS. La distribución de las anomalías estuvo relacionada con la influencia de la descarga de los ríos, lo que puso de manifiesto que el patrón temporal no está vinculado con el ciclo ENSO (El Niño – Sourthen Oscillation). Estos resultados nos permitieron denotar la importancia del RBe (no ENSO dependiente) para explicar el patrón de anomalías del MPS observado en el RdlP.

Published
2018

28. Comparison of SST L3 products generated from the AVHRR and MODIS sensors in front of the San Jorge Gulf, Argentina Comparación de los productos de TSM L3 generados a partir de los sensores AVHRR y MODIS frente al Golfo San Jorge, Argentina

Author

Allega, Leticia, Cozzolino, E., Pisoni, Juan Pablo, and Piccolo, Maria Cintia

Subjects
purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], AVHRR, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], MODIS, SAN JORGE GULF, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, SST, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente
Abstract

Since the early 1980s, the AVHRR sensor on board the NOAA satellites has provided SST estimates to the scientific community in general. Towards the end of the 1990s, a new generation of radiometers was added, combining a wider range of spectral measurements with improvements in technology, such as the MODIS sensor on board the Terra and Aqua satellites. The development of this last sensor was based on the years of NOAA/AVHRR series. Understanding the relationship between products derived from different sensors is critical to the continuous long-term monitoring of any variable and the construction of continuous time series. The objective of this work was to make a comparison of the monthly SST values for the 2003-2006 period calculated from data from the NOAA/AVHRR series versus Aqua-MODIS on a sector of the middle Argentina Continental shelf off the San Jorge Gulf. For both sensors, the isotherms show a similar distribution pattern in all months. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was high, both in the seasonal (> 0.9) and monthly (> 0.8) analyzes. The comparative analysis of the temperature estimated by both sensors shows that SST products are similar and can be used to analyze large and continuous time series. Fil: Allega, Leticia. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Cozzolino, E.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina Fil: Pisoni, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina Fil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina

Published
2017

32. Caracterización espacio–temporal de la temperatura superficial del mar satelital en destinos turísticos: Partido de la Costa, Pinamar y Villa Gesell en Buenos Aires, Argentina

Author

Verón, E., Allega, L., Cozzolino, E., Camiolo, M., Lasta, C., Codignotto, J., Verón, E., Allega, L., Cozzolino, E., Camiolo, M., Lasta, C., and Codignotto, J.

Abstract

[EN] The coastal spaces are fragile and complex areas that receive strong pressure because of the many uses and activities that are developed in them. The tourism of sun and beaches is one of the main economic practices present in these spaces that value the physical-natural conditions and their environmental variables. Of all of them, the sea surface temperature (SST) has been the least studied variable, especially associated to tourist destinations. The coastal zone of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, concentrates numerous tourist centers like the Partido de la Costa, Pinamar and Villa Gesell that attract in the summer time, a great flow of population. The objective of the present paper was to perform a descriptive and comparative analysis of SST in these parties through the use of monthly satellite images obtained by the Aqua-MODIS satellite-sensor during the period 2003-2013. The results showed a spatial and seasonal behavior of the SST differentiated for the entire study area. The SST for the warm period (January-March) ranged between 21.5 - 24.5°C and for the cold (July-September) between 9.4 - 11.5°C. This difference was lower in the cold period, allowing distinguishing 3 thermal zones with variations smaller than 0.5°C between them: Costa Norte, Costa Centro- Costa Sur, and Pinamar-Villa Gesell. The warm period presented more intense spatial thermal variations between the studied tourist destinations. Four thermal zones with 0.5°C differences were identified: Costa Norte, Costa Centro, Costa Sur, and Pinamar-Villa Gesell., [ES] Los espacios litorales son áreas frágiles y complejas que reciben fuertes presiones a causa de los múltiples usos y actividades que se desarrollan en ellas. El turismo de sol y playa es una de las principales prácticas económi-cas presentes en estos espacios, que valorizan las condiciones físico-naturales y sus variables ambientales. De todas ellas, la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) ha sido la variable menos estudiada, en especial asociada a los destinos turísticos. La zona costera de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, concentra numerosos centros turísticos como los partidos de La Costa, Pinamar y Villa Gesell, que atraen en la época estival, un gran flujo de población. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un análisis descriptivo y comparativo de la TSM en dichos partidos a través del uso de imágenes satelitales mensuales obtenidas por el satélite-sensor Aqua-MODIS durante el período 2003-2013. Los resultados evidenciaron un comportamiento espacial y estacional de la TSM diferenciado para toda el área de estudio. La TSM para el período cálido (enero-marzo) osciló entre 21,5 - 24,5°C y para el frío (julio-septiembre) entre 9,4 - 11,5°C. La variabilidad espacial fue menor en el período frío, permitiendo distinguir 3 zonas térmicas con variaciones menores a 0,5°C entre ellas: La Costa Norte, La Costa Centro-La Costa Sur, y Pinamar-Villa Gesell. El período cálido presentó variaciones térmicas espaciales mayores entre los destinos turísticos estudiados. Se identificaron 4 zonas térmicas con diferencias de 0,5°C entre sí: La Costa Norte, La Costa Centro, La Costa Sur, y Pinamar-Villa Gesell

Published
2017

33. Comparación de los productos de TSM L3 generados a partir de los sensores AVHRR y MODIS frente al Golfo San Jorge, Argentina

Author

Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, Argentina, Allega, L., Cozzolino, E., Pisoni, J. P., Piccolo, M. C., Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, Argentina, Allega, L., Cozzolino, E., Pisoni, J. P., and Piccolo, M. C.

Abstract

[EN] Since the early 1980s, the AVHRR sensor on board the NOAA satellites has provided SST estimates to the scientific community in general. Towards the end of the 1990s, a new generation of radiometers was added, combining a wider range of spectral measurements with improvements in technology, such as the MODIS sensor on board the Terra and Aqua satellites. The development of this last sensor was based on the years of NOAA/AVHRR series. Understanding the relationship between products derived from different sensors is critical to the continuous long-term monitoring of any variable and the construction of continuous time series. The objective of this work was to make a comparison of the monthly SST values for the 2003-2006 period calculated from data from the NOAA/ AVHRR series versus Aqua-MODIS on a sector of the middle Argentina Continental shelf off the San Jorge Gulf. For both sensors, the isotherms show a similar distribution pattern in all months. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was high, both in the seasonal (> 0.9) and monthly (> 0.8) analyzes. The comparative analysis of the temperature estimated by both sensors shows that SST products are similar and can be used to analyze large and continuous time series., [ES] Desde principios de la década de los 80, el sensor AVHRR a bordo de los satélites NOAA ha provisto de estimaciones de la temperatura de la superficie del mar (TSM) a la comunidad científica en general. Hacia finales de la década de los 90, surge una nueva generación de radiómetros que combinan una mayor gama de mediciones espectrales con mejoras en la tecnología, como lo es el sensor MODIS a bordo de los satélites Terra y Aqua. El desarrollo de este último sensor se basó en los años de trayectoria de la serie NOAA/AVHRR. La comprensión de la relación entre los productos derivados de distintos sensores es fundamental para el seguimiento continuo a largo plazo de cualquier variable y de la construcción de serie de tiempos combinados. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una comparación de los valores mensuales de TSM para el período 2003-2006 calculadas a partir de datos de la serie NOAA/AVHRR vs Aqua/MODIS sobre un sector de la Plataforma Continental Argentina frente al Golfo San Jorge. El análisis de las isotermas muestra un patrón de distribución similar durante todos los meses para ambos sensores. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson tanto en el análisis estacional como mensual fue alto (> 0,8). El análisis comparativo de la temperatura medida en ambos sensores muestra que los productos de TSM son similares, teniendo en cuenta que la diferencia media de temperatura entre ambos sensores es inferior a 0,5ºC. Por lo tanto, para el estudio de largas series de tiempo de TSM en la plataforma continental argentina se puede utilizar en forma continua las mediciones de Aqua/MODIS, cuando ya no se disponen las de NOAA/AVHRR.

Published
2017

34. Resting state brain connectivity patterns before eventual relapse into cocaine abuse

Author

Berlingeri, M, Losasso, D, Girolo, A, Cozzolino, E, Masullo, T, Scotto, M, Sberna, M, Bottini, G, Paulesu, E, BERLINGERI, MANUELA, MASULLO, TIZIANA, SBERNA, MAURIZIO, PAULESU, ERALDO, Berlingeri, M, Losasso, D, Girolo, A, Cozzolino, E, Masullo, T, Scotto, M, Sberna, M, Bottini, G, Paulesu, E, BERLINGERI, MANUELA, MASULLO, TIZIANA, SBERNA, MAURIZIO, and PAULESU, ERALDO

Abstract

According to recent theories, drug addicted patients suffer of an impaired response inhibition and salience attribution (I-RISA) together with a perturbed connectivity between the nuclei accumbens (NAcs) and the orbito-prefrontal (oPFC) and dorsal prefrontal (dPFC) cortices, brain regions associated with motivation and cognitive control. To empirically test these assumptions, we evaluated the (neuro)psychological trait and the functional organization of the resting state brain networks associated with the NAcs in 18 former cocaine abusers (FCAs), while being in drug abstinence since 5 months. The psychological data were grouped into three empirical variables related with emotion regulation, emotion awareness and strategic and controlled behaviour. Comparison of the resting state patterns between the entire sample of FCAs and 19 controls revealed a reduction of functional connectivity between the NAcs and the dPFC and enhanced connectivity between the NAcs and the dorsal-striatum. In the 8 FCAs who relapsed into cocaine use after 3 months, the level of functional connectivity between the NAcs and dPFC was lower than the functional connectivity estimated in the group of patients that did not relapsed. Finally, in the entire sample of FCAs, the higher the connectivity between the NAc and the oPFC the lower was the level of strategic and controlled behaviour. Taken together, these results are compatible with models of the interactions between the NAcs, the dorsal striatum and frontal cortices in the I-RISA syndrome, showing that such interactions are particularly perturbed in patients at greater risk of relapse into cocaine abuse.

Published
2017

47. Uptake and distribution of lead in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Author

del Piano, L., Abet, M., Sorrentino, C., Barbato, L., Sicignano, M., Cozzolino, E., Cuciniello, A., del Piano, L., Abet, M., Sorrentino, C., Barbato, L., Sicignano, M., Cozzolino, E., and Cuciniello, A.

Abstract

Six Nicotiana tabacum varieties were in vitro cultured and experimentally exposed to lead in order to estimate lead uptake and distribution in tobacco plantlets and to observe possible differences depending on variety. Fifty-day-old plantlets were exposed to four Pb rates ranging from 0 to 200 mg dm-3. No statistically significant effect of lead on dry matter weight was observed for any variety or plant part. Tissue lead concentration was determined on upper leaves, lower leaves, stems and roots. Lead accumulation in the plant positively correlated with lead exposure level. Lead concentration in the different plant parts decreased as follows: root, lower leaves, stem and upper leaves. All tobacco varieties showed similar behaviour with respect to lead treatment level and revealed the same distribution pattern of lead concentration in the different plant part. The highest values of tissue lead concentration were found in tobacco variety Pr61, while the lowest in G94-2.

Published
2012

48. MODELING INCIDENCE RATE RATIO AND RATE DIFFERENCE - ADDITIVITY OR MULTIPLICATIVITY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS PARENTERAL AND SEXUAL TRANSMISSION AMONG INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS

Author

LEITE, MLC, NICOLOSI, A, OSELLA, AR, MOLINARI, S, COZZOLINO, E, VELATI, C, and LAZZARIN, A

Subjects
STATISTICAL, RISK FACTORS, MODELS, HIV, SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS, INCIDENCE
Abstract

The analysis concerns data from the Northern Italian Seronegative Drug Addicts Study, a multicenter longitudinal study about the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users from Milan and other areas of northern Italy between 1987 and 1991. Different measures of parenteral and heterosexual exposure effects were estimated by fitting multiplicative models for rate ratio and additive models for both rate ratio and rate difference into a Poisson regression model for grouped cohort data. In areas of high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence among intravenous drug users, the adjusted rate ratio under a multiplicative structure was 6.2 (95% likelihood-based confidence interval (LCI) 2.9-14.4) for parenteral and 2.9 (95% LCI 1.3-6.1) for sexual transmission. Under the additive model, the rate ratio was 7.8 (95% LCI 3.4-20.2) for parenteral and 9.2 (95% LCI 2.2-29.7) for sexual transmission, and the rate difference per 100 person-years was 9.8 (95% LCI 5.3-15.6) for parenteral and 10.5 (95% LCI 1.8-24.2) for sexual transmission (controlled for each other). Because of the small sample size, a clear discrimination between models could not be reached. However, in spite of the greater risk associated with parenteral transmission under a multiplicative model, the additive model suggests that the relative impact of measures aimed at inducing condom use is similar to that which would be obtained by measures aimed at stopping syringe sharing.

Published
1995

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