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205 results on '"Carotenuto, Francesco"'

1. The Radio Counterpart to the Fast X-ray Transient EP240414a

Author

Bright, Joe S., Carotenuto, Francesco, Fender, Rob, Choza, Carmen, Mummery, Andrew, Jonker, Peter G., Smartt, Stephen J., DeBoer, David R., Farah, Wael, Matthews, James, Pollak, Alexander W., Rhodes, Lauren, and Siemion, Andrew

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Despite being operational for only a short time, the Einstein Probe mission has already significantly advanced the study of rapid variability in the soft X-ray sky. We report the discovery of luminous and variable radio emission from the Einstein Probe fast X-ray transient EP240414a, the second such source with a radio counterpart. The radio emission at $3\,\rm{GHz}$ peaks at $\sim30$ days post explosion and with a spectral luminosity $\sim2\times10^{30}\,\rm{erg}\,\rm{s}^{-1}\,\rm{Hz}^{-1}$, similar to what is seen from long gamma-ray bursts, and distinct from other extra-galactic transients including supernovae and tidal disruption events, although we cannot completely rule out emission from engine driven stellar explosions e.g. the fast blue optical transients. An equipartition analysis of our radio data reveals that an outflow with at least a moderate bulk Lorentz factor ($\Gamma\gtrsim1.6$) with a minimum energy of $\sim10^{48}\,\rm{erg}$ is required to explain our observations. The apparent lack of reported gamma-ray counterpart to EP240414a could suggest that an off-axis or choked jet could be responsible for the radio emission, although a low luminosity gamma-ray burst may have gone undetected. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that a significant fraction of extragalactic fast X-ray transients are associated with the deaths of massive stars., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, submitted to ApJL

Published
2024

2. X-ray and Radio campaign of the Z-source GX 340+0: discovery of X-ray polarization and its implications

Author

Bhargava, Yash, Ng, Mason, Zhang, Liang, Balasubramanian, Arvind, Russell, Thomas D., Kaushik, Aman, Jadoliya, Vishal, Ravi, Swati, Bhattacharyya, Sudip, Pahari, Mayukh, Homan, Jeroen, Marshall, Herman L., Chakrabarty, Deepto, and Carotenuto, Francesco

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the discovery of X-ray polarization from the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary and Z-source, GX~340$+$0, using an Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observation in March 2024. Along with the IXPE observation, we conducted an extensive X-ray and radio monitoring campaign to ascertain the source properties during and around the IXPE observation. The source was within the horizontal branch throughout the multiwavelength campaign. We measured a significant X-ray polarization in 2--8 keV with polarization degree (PD) = $4.02 \pm 0.35$% and polarization angle (PA) = $37.6 \pm 2.5^\circ$. The energy-dependent polarization indicates that in the 2-2.5 keV energy range, the PA is much lower, $\sim9\pm8^\circ$, while other energy bands are consistent with the PA found over 2.5--8 keV. The simultaneous AstroSat-IXPE spectro-polarimetric observations provide some evidence for independent polarization from various spectral components, hinting at a disparity in the PA from the accretion disk and the Comptonized emission, while suggesting an unpolarized emission from the blackbody component. Radio observations in the 0.7--9 GHz frequency range reveal a non-detection of radio emission in 0.7-1.5 GHz and a significant detection in 5.5--9 GHz, suggesting the presence of a spectral break in 1.5-5.5 GHz. Using ATCA observation we place upper limits on the radio polarization at $<$6% on the linear polarization and $<$4% on the circular polarization at 3$\sigma$ level. We discuss the origin of the X-ray polarization and its implications on the geometry of the spectral components., Comment: Submitted in ApJL, 4 figures, 3 tables

Published
2024

3. Constraining the physical properties of large-scale jets from black hole X-ray binaries and their impact on the local environment with blast-wave dynamical models

Author

Carotenuto, Francesco, Fender, Rob, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Corbel, Stéphane, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Shaik, Gulzar, Cooper, Alex J., and Di Palma, Irene

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Relativistic discrete ejecta launched by black hole X-ray binaries (BH XRBs) can be observed to propagate up to parsec-scales from the central object. Observing the final deceleration phase of these jets is crucial to estimate their physical parameters and to reconstruct their full trajectory, with implications for the jet powering mechanism, composition and formation. In this paper we present the results of the modelling of the motion of the ejecta from three BH XRBs: MAXI J1820+070, MAXI J1535$-$571 and XTE J1752$-$223, for which high-resolution radio and X-ray observations of jets propagating up to $\sim$15 arcsec ($\sim$0.6 pc at 3 kpc) from the core have been published in the recent years. For each jet, we modeled its entire motion with a dynamical blast-wave model, inferring robust values for the jet Lorentz factor, inclination angle and ejection time. Under several assumptions associated to the ejection duration, the jet opening angle and the available accretion power, we are able to derive stringent constraints on the maximum jet kinetic energy for each source (between $10^{43}$ and $10^{44}$ erg, including also H1743$-$322), as well as placing interesting upper limits on the density of the ISM through which the jets are propagating (from $n_{\rm ISM} \lesssim 0.4$ cm$^{-3}$ down to $n_{\rm ISM} \lesssim 10^{-4}$ cm$^{-3}$). Overall, our results highlight the potential of applying models derived from gamma-ray bursts to the physics of jets from BH XRBs and support the emerging picture of these sources as preferentially embedded in low-density environments., Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2024

4. Swift J1727.8-1613 has the Largest Resolved Continuous Jet Ever Seen in an X-ray Binary

Author

Wood, Callan M., Miller-Jones, James C. A., Bahramian, Arash, Tingay, Steven J., Prabu, Steve, Russell, Thomas D., Atri, Pikky, Carotenuto, Francesco, Altamirano, Diego, Motta, Sara E., Hyland, Lucas, Reynolds, Cormac, Weston, Stuart, Fender, Rob, Körding, Elmar, Maitra, Dipankar, Markoff, Sera, Migliari, Simone, Russell, David M., Sarazin, Craig L., Sivakoff, Gregory R., Soria, Roberto, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., and Tudose, Valeriu

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Multi-wavelength polarimetry and radio observations of Swift J1727.8-1613 at the beginning of its recent 2023 outburst suggested the presence of a bright compact jet aligned in the north-south direction, which could not be confirmed without high angular resolution images. Using the Very Long Baseline Array and the Long Baseline Array, we imaged Swift J1727.8-1613, during the hard/hard-intermediate state, revealing a bright core and a large, two-sided, asymmetrical, resolved jet. The jet extends in the north-south direction, at a position angle of $-0.60\pm0.07\deg$ East of North. At 8.4 GHz, the entire resolved jet structure is $\sim110 (d/2.7\,\text{kpc})/\sin i$ AU long, with the southern approaching jet extending $\sim80 (d/2.7\,\text{kpc})/\sin i$ AU from the core, where $d$ is the distance to the source and $i$ is the inclination of the jet axis to the line of sight. These images reveal the most resolved continuous X-ray binary jet, and possibly the most physically extended continuous X-ray binary jet ever observed. Based on the brightness ratio of the approaching and receding jets, we put a lower limit on the intrinsic jet speed of $\beta\geq0.27$ and an upper limit on the jet inclination of $i\leq74\deg$. In our first observation we also detected a rapidly fading discrete jet knot $66.89\pm0.04$ mas south of the core, with a proper motion of $0.66\pm0.05$ mas hour$^{-1}$, which we interpret as the result of a downstream internal shock or a jet-ISM interaction, as opposed to a transient relativistic jet launched at the beginning of the outburst., Comment: Accepted in ApJL

Published
2024
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5. The fast X-ray transient EP240315a: a z ~ 5 gamma-ray burst in a Lyman continuum leaking galaxy

Author

Levan, Andrew J., Jonker, Peter G., Saccardi, Andrea, Malesani, Daniele Bjørn, Tanvir, Nial R., Izzo, Luca, Heintz, Kasper E., Sánchez, Daniel Mata, Quirola-Vásquez, Jonathan, Torres, Manuel A. P., Vergani, Susanna D., Schulze, Steve, Rossi, Andrea, D'Avanzo, Paolo, Gompertz, Benjamin, Martin-Carrillo, Antonio, Postigo, Antonio de Ugarte, Schneider, Benjamin, Yuan, Weimin, Ling, Zhixing, Zhang, Wenjie, Mao, Xuan, Liu, Yuan, Sun, Hui, Xu, Dong, Zhu, Zipei, Fernández, José Feliciano Agüí, Amati, Lorenzo, Bauer, Franz E., Campana, Sergio, Carotenuto, Francesco, Chrimes, Ashley, van Dalen, Joyce N. D., D'Elia, Valerio, Della Valle, Massimo, De Pasquale, Massimiliano, Dhillon, Vikram S., Galbany, Lluís, Gaspari, Nicola, Gianfagna, Giulia, Gomboc, Andreja, Habeeb, Nusrin, van Hoof, Agnes P. C., Hu, Youdong, Jakobsson, Pall, Julakanti, Yashaswi, Korth, Judith, Kouveliotou, Chryssa, Laskar, Tanmoy, Littlefair, Stuart P., Maiorano, Elisabetta, Mao, Jirong, Melandri, Andrea, Miller, M. Coleman, Mukherjee, Tamal, Oates, Samantha R., O'Brien, Paul, Palmerio, Jesse T., Parviainen, Hannu, Pieterse, Daniëlle L. A., Piranomonte, Silvia, Piro, Luigi, Pugliese, Giovanna, Ravasio, Maria E., Rayson, Ben, Salvaterra, Ruben, Sánchez-Ramírez, Rubén, Sarin, Nikhil, Shilling, Samuel P. R., Starling, Rhaana L. C., Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Thakur, Aishwarya Linesh, Thöne, Christina C., Wiersema, Klaas, Worssam, Isabelle, and Zafar, Tayyaba

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The nature of the minute-to-hour long Fast X-ray Transients (FXTs) localised by telescopes such as Chandra, Swift, and XMM-Newton remains mysterious, with numerous models suggested for the events. Here, we report multi-wavelength observations of EP240315a, a 1600 s long transient detected by the Einstein Probe, showing it to have a redshift of z=4.859. We measure a low column density of neutral hydrogen, indicating that the event is embedded in a low-density environment, further supported by direct detection of leaking ionising Lyman-continuum. The observed properties are consistent with EP240315a being a long-duration gamma-ray burst, and these observations support an interpretation in which a significant fraction of the FXT population are lower-luminosity examples of similar events. Such transients are detectable at high redshifts by the Einstein Probe and, in the (near) future, out to even larger distances by SVOM, THESEUS, and Athena, providing samples of events into the epoch of reionisation., Comment: 41 pages, 7 figures, submitted

Published
2024

6. Tracking the X-ray Polarization of the Black Hole Transient Swift J1727.8-1613 during a State Transition

Author

Ingram, Adam, Bollemeijer, Niek, Veledina, Alexandra, Dovciak, Michal, Poutanen, Juri, Egron, Elise, Russell, Thomas D., Trushkin, Sergei A., Negro, Michela, Ratheesh, Ajay, Capitanio, Fiamma, Connors, Riley, Neilsen, Joseph, Kraus, Alexander, Iacolina, Maria Noemi, Pellizzoni, Alberto, Pilia, Maura, Carotenuto, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mastroserio, Guglielmo, Kaaret, Philip, Bianchi, Stefano, Garcia, Javier A., Bachetti, Matteo, Wu, Kinwah, Costa, Enrico, Ewing, Melissa, Kravtsov, Vadim, Krawczynski, Henric, Loktev, Vladislav, Marinucci, Andrea, Marra, Lorenzo, Mikusincova, Romana, Nathan, Edward, Parra, Maxime, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Righini, Simona, Soffitta, Paolo, Steiner, James F., Svoboda, Jiri, Tombesi, Francesco, Tugliani, Stefano, Ursini, Francesco, Yang, Yi-Jung, Zane, Silvia, Zhang, Wenda, Agudo, Ivan, Antonelli, Lucio A., Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolo, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Gesu, Laura, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Di Marco, Alessandro, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Liodakis, Ioannis, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frederic, Marscher, Alan P., Marshall, Herman L., Massaro, Francesco, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Muleri, Fabio, Ng, Chi-Yung, O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Possenti, Andrea, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgro, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., and Xie, Fei

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report on an observational campaign on the bright black hole X-ray binary Swift J1727.8$-$1613 centered around five observations by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). These observations track for the first time the evolution of the X-ray polarization of a black hole X-ray binary across a hard to soft state transition. The 2--8 keV polarization degree decreased from $\sim$4\% to $\sim$3\% across the five observations, but the polarization angle remained oriented in the North-South direction throughout. Based on observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we find that the intrinsic 7.25 GHz radio polarization aligns with the X-ray polarization. Assuming the radio polarization aligns with the jet direction (which can be tested in the future with higher spatial resolution images of the jet), our results imply that the X-ray corona is extended in the disk plane, rather than along the jet axis, for the entire hard intermediate state. This in turn implies that the long ($\gtrsim$10 ms) soft lags that we measure with the Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) are dominated by processes other than pure light-crossing delays. Moreover, we find that the evolution of the soft lag amplitude with spectral state does not follow the trend seen for other sources, implying that Swift J1727.8$-$1613 is a member of a hitherto under-sampled sub-population., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 21 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023

7. Discovery of a variable energy-dependent X-ray polarization in the accreting neutron star GX 5-1

Author

Fabiani, Sergio, Capitanio, Fiamma, Iaria, Rosario, Poutanen, Juri, Gnarini, Andrea, Ursini, Francesco, Farinelli, Ruben, Bobrikova, Anna, Steiner, James F., Svoboda, Jiri, Anitra, Alessio, Baglio, Maria C., Carotenuto, Francesco, Del Santo, Melania, Ferrigno, Carlo, Lewis, Fraser, Russell, David M., Russell, Thomas D., Eijnden, Jakob van den, Cocchi, Massimo, Di Marco, Alessandro, La Monaca, Fabio, Liu, Kuan, Rankin, John, Weisskopf, Martin C., Xie, Fei, Bianchi, Stefano, Burderi, Luciano, Di Salvo, Tiziana, Egron, Elise, Illiano, Giulia, Kaaret, Philip, Matt, Giorgio, Mikušincová, Romana, Muleri, Fabio, Papitto, Alessandro, Agudo, Iván, Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Gesu, Laura, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, Latronico, Luca, Liodakis, Ioannis, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Marscher, Alan P., Marshall, Herman L., Massaro, Francesco, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Negro, Michela, Ng, Chi-Yung, O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgrò, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Wu, Kinwah, and Zane, Silvia

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report on the coordinated observations of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary (NS-LMXB) \gx in X-rays (IXPE, NICER, Nustar and INTEGRAL), optical (REM and LCO), near-infrared (REM), mid-infrared (VLT VISIR), and radio (ATCA). This Z-source was observed by \IXPE twice in March-April 2023 (Obs. 1 and 2). In the radio band, the source was detected, but only upper-limits to the linear polarization were obtained at a $3\sigma$ level of $6.1\%$ at 5.5 GHz and $5.9\%$ at 9 GHz in Obs.~1 and $12.5\%$ at 5.5~GHz and $20\%$ at 9~GHz in Obs.~2. The mid-IR, near-IR and optical observations suggest the presence of a compact jet which peaks in the mid- or far-IR. The X-ray polarization degree was found to be $3.7\% \pm 0.4 \%$ (at $90\%$ confidence level) during Obs.~1 when the source was in the horizontal branch of the Z-track and $1.8\% \pm 0.4 \%$ during Obs.~2 when the source was in the normal-flaring branch. These results confirm the variation of polarization degree as a function of the position of the source in the color-color diagram as for previously observed Z-track sources (Cyg~X-2 and XTE~1701$-$462). Evidence for a variation of the polarization angle $\sim 20^\circ$ with energy is found in both observations, likely related to the different, non-orthogonal polarization angles of the disk and Comptonization components which peak at different energies., Comment: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics on 06 July 2023. Accepted on 21 November 2023

Published
2023

8. First detection of X-ray polarization from the accreting neutron star 4U 1820-303

Author

Di Marco, Alessandro, La Monaca, Fabio, Poutanen, Juri, Russell, Thomas D., Anitra, Alessio, Farinelli, Ruben, Mastroserio, Guglielmo, Muleri, Fabio, Xie, Fei, Bachetti, Matteo, Burderi, Luciano, Carotenuto, Francesco, Del Santo, Melania, Di Salvo, Tiziana, Dovciak, Michal, Gnarini, Andrea, Iaria, Rosario, Kajava, Jari J. E., Liu, Kuan, Middei, Riccardo, O'Dell, Stephen L., Pilia, Maura, Rankin, John, Sanna, Andrea, Eijnden, Jakob van den, Weisskopf, Martin C., Bobrikova, Anna, Capitanio, Fiamma, Costa, Enrico, Kaaret, Philip, Marino, Alessio, Soffitta, Paolo, Ursini, Francesco, Ambrosino, Filippo, Cocchi, Massimo, Fabiani, Sergio, Marshall, Herman L., Matt, Giorgio, Motta, Sara Elisa, Papitto, Alessandro, Stella, Luigi, Tarana, Antonella, Zane, Silvia, Agudo, Ivan, Antonelli, Lucio A., Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolo, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Gesu, Laura, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, Latronico, Luca, Liodakis, Ioannis, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frederic, Marinucci, Andrea, Marscher, Alan P., Massaro, Francesco, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Negro, Michela, Ng, Chi-Yung, Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Possenti, Andrea, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgrò, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, and Wu, Kinwah

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

This paper reports the first detection of polarization in the X-rays for atoll-source 4U 1820-303, obtained with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) at 99.999% confidence level (CL). Simultaneous polarimetric measurements were also performed in the radio with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The IXPE observations of 4U 1820-303 were coordinated with Swift-XRT, NICER, and NuSTAR aiming to obtain an accurate X-ray spectral model covering a broad energy interval. The source shows a significant polarization above 4 keV, with a polarization degree of 2.0(0.5)% and a polarization angle of -55(7) deg in the 4-7 keV energy range, and a polarization degree of 10(2)% and a polarization angle of -67(7) deg in the 7-8 keV energy bin. This polarization also shows a clear energy trend with polarization degree increasing with energy and a hint for a position-angle change of about 90 deg at 96% CL around 4 keV. The spectro-polarimetric fit indicates that the accretion disk is polarized orthogonally to the hard spectral component, which is presumably produced in the boundary/spreading layer. We do not detect linear polarization from the radio counterpart, with a 99.97% upper limit of 50% at 7.25 GHz.

Published
2023
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9. Bursts from Space: MeerKAT - The first citizen science project dedicated to commensal radio transients

Author

Andersson, Alex, Lintott, Chris, Fender, Rob, Bright, Joe, Carotenuto, Francesco, Driessen, Laura, Espinasse, Mathilde, Gaseahalwe, Kelebogile, Heywood, Ian, van der Horst, Alexander J., Motta, Sara, Rhodes, Lauren, Tremou, Evangelia, Williams, David R. A., Woudt, Patrick, Zhang, Xian, Bloemen, Steven, Groot, Paul, Vreeswijk, Paul, Giarratana, Stefano, Saikia, Payaswini, Andersson, Jonas, Arroyo, Lizzeth Ruiz, Baert, Loïc, Baumann, Matthew, Domainko, Wilfried, Eschweiler, Thorsten, Forsythe, Tim, Gaudenzi, Sauro, Grenier, Rachel Ann, Iannone, Davide, Lahoz, Karla, Melville, Kyle J., Nascimento, Marianne De Sousa, Navarro, Leticia, Parthasarathi, Sai, Piilonen, Rahman, Najma, Smith, Jeffrey, Stewart, B., Temoke, Newton, Tworek, Chloe, and Whittle, Isabelle

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The newest generation of radio telescopes are able to survey large areas with high sensitivity and cadence, producing data volumes that require new methods to better understand the transient sky. Here we describe the results from the first citizen science project dedicated to commensal radio transients, using data from the MeerKAT telescope with weekly cadence. Bursts from Space: MeerKAT was launched late in 2021 and received ~89000 classifications from over 1000 volunteers in 3 months. Our volunteers discovered 142 new variable sources which, along with the known transients in our fields, allowed us to estimate that at least 2.1 per cent of radio sources are varying at 1.28 GHz at the sampled cadence and sensitivity, in line with previous work. We provide the full catalogue of these sources, the largest of candidate radio variables to date. Transient sources found with archival counterparts include a pulsar (B1845-01) and an OH maser star (OH 30.1-0.7), in addition to the recovery of known stellar flares and X-ray binary jets in our observations. Data from the MeerLICHT optical telescope, along with estimates of long time-scale variability induced by scintillation, imply that the majority of the new variables are active galactic nuclei. This tells us that citizen scientists can discover phenomena varying on time-scales from weeks to several years. The success both in terms of volunteer engagement and scientific merit warrants the continued development of the project, whilst we use the classifications from volunteers to develop machine learning techniques for finding transients., Comment: Accepted to MNRAS, 14 pages + an appendix containing our main data table

Published
2023
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10. The earliest Ethiopian wolf: implications for the species evolution and its future survival.

Author

Martínez-Navarro, Bienvenido, Gossa, Tegenu, Carotenuto, Francesco, Bartolini-Lucenti, Saverio, Palmqvist, Paul, Asrat, Asfawossen, Figueirido, Borja, Rook, Lorenzo, Niespolo, Elizabeth M, Renne, Paul R, Herzlinger, Gadi, and Hovers, Erella

Subjects
Animals, Wolves, Humans, Biodiversity, Phylogeny, Africa, Endangered Species, Life on Land
Abstract

In 2017, a hemimandible (MW5-B208), corresponding to the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), was found in a stratigraphically-controlled and radio-isotopically-dated sequence of the Melka Wakena paleoanthropological site-complex, on the Southeastern Ethiopian Highlands, ~ 2300 m above sea level. The specimen is the first and unique Pleistocene fossil of this species. Our data provide an unambiguous minimum age of 1.6-1.4 Ma for the species' presence in Africa and constitutes the first empirical evidence that supports molecular interpretations. Currently, C. simensis is one of the most endangered carnivore species of Africa. Bioclimate niche modeling applied to the time frame indicated by the fossil suggests that the lineage of the Ethiopian wolf faced severe survival challenges in the past, with consecutive drastic geographic range contractions during warmer periods. These models help to describe future scenarios for the survival of the species. Projections ranging from most pessimistic to most optimistic future climatic scenarios indicate significant reduction of the already-deteriorating territories suitable for the Ethiopian Wolf, increasing the threat to the specie's future survival. Additionally, the recovery of the Melka Wakena fossil underscores the importance of work outside the East African Rift System in research of early human origins and associated biodiversity on the African continent.

Published
2023

11. Search for gravitational-wave signals associated with gamma-ray bursts during the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Author

Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Aloy, M. A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Arnaud, N., Aronson, S. M., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., Aufmuth, P., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Avendano, V., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baird, J., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Bals, A., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barnum, S., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Bell, A. S., Beniwal, D., Benjamin, M. G., Berger, B. K., Bergmann, G., Bernuzzi, S., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhandare, R., Bidler, J., Biggs, E., Bilenko, I. A., Bilgili, S. A., Billingsley, G., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bischi, M., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boer, M., Boetzel, Y., Bogaert, G., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Bosveld, J., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brighenti, F., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brooks, J., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Campbell, W. A., Canepa, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Carney, M. F., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, O., Chakravarti, K., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Chaturvedi, M., Cheeseboro, B. D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -P., Cheong, C. K., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, G., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, K. W., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Cieślar, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, C., Colpi, M., Cominsky, L. R., Constancio Jr., M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corre, D., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dasgupta, A., Costa, C. F. Da Silva, Datrier, L. E. H., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., DeBra, D., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., DeMarchi, L. M., Demos, N., Dent, T., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., de Varona, O., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., DiFronzo, C., Di Giorgio, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Ding, B., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divakarla, A. K., Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducoin, J. -G., Dupej, P., Durante, O., Dwyer, S. E., Easter, P. J., Eddolls, G., Edo, T. B., Effler, A., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estelles, H., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z. B., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Fee, C., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Feng, F., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fishner, J. M., Fittipaldi, R., Fitz-Axen, M., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Floden, E., Flynn, E., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Forsyth, P. W. F., Fournier, J. -D., Vivanco, Francisco Hernandez, Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzè, G., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A., Gadre, B. U., Gaebel, S. M., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Gaonkar, S. G., García-Quirós, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gaudio, S., Gaur, G., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, D., George, J., Gergely, L., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, S., Giacomazzo, B., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gill, K., Glover, L., Gniesmer, J., Godwin, P., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Goncharov, B., González, G., Castro, J. M. Gonzalez, Gopakumar, A., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grace, B., Grado, A., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, R., Gretarsson, E. M., Grimaldi, A., Grimm, S. J., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Guidi, G. M., Gulati, H. K., Guo, Y., Gupta, A., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, P., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Haegel, L., Halim, O., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hansen, T. J., Hanson, J., Harder, T., Hardwick, T., Haris, K., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hasskew, R. K., Haster, C. J., Haughian, K., Hayes, F. J., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hinderer, T., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holgado, A. M., Holland, N. A., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Horst, C., Hough, J., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Huang, Y., Hübner, M. T., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Idzkowski, B., Iess, A., Inchauspe, H., Ingram, C., Inta, R., Intini, G., Irwin, B., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. -M., Isi, M., Iyer, B. R., Jacqmin, T., Jadhav, S. J., Jani, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaranowski, P., Jariwala, D., Jenkins, A. C., Jiang, J., Johnson, D. S., Jones, A. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, J. D., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Junker, J., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Karki, S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kawabe, K., Keerthana, N. V., Kéfélian, F., Keitel, D., Kennedy, R., Key, J. S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khazanov, E. A., Khetan, N., Khursheed, M., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, Chunglee, Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, W., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., King, P. J., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klika, J. H., Klimenko, S., Knowles, T. D., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Koper, N., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kovalam, M., Kozak, D. B., Krämer, C., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N., Królak, A., Krupinski, N., Kuehn, G., Kumar, A., Kumar, P., Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Kwang, S., Lackey, B. D., Laghi, D., Lai, K. H., Lam, T. L., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lanza, R. K., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, J., Lee, K., Lehmann, J., Lenon, A. K., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Li, A., Li, J., Li, K. J. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Lin, F., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, J., Liu, X., Llorens-Monteagudo, M., Lo, R. K. L., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Lower, M. E., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., Macas, R., Macfoy, S., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Macquet, A., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magee, R. M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, V., Martynov, D. V., Masalehdan, H., Mason, K., Massera, E., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., McCann, J. J., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McGuire, S. C., McIsaac, C., McIver, J., McManus, D. J., McRae, T., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Mehmet, M., Mehta, A. K., Meidam, J., Villa, E. Mejuto, Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Messina, F., Metzdorff, R., Meyers, P. M., Meylahn, F., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Millhouse, M., Mills, J. C., Milovich-Goff, M. C., Minazzoli, O., Minenkov, Y., Mishkin, A., Mishra, C., Mistry, T., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Mo, G., Moffa, D., Mogushi, K., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Morawski, F., Moreno, G., Morisaki, S., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Muciaccia, F., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukherjee, Subroto, Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Muñiz, E. A., Muratore, M., Murray, P. G., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neil, B. F., Neilson, J., Nelemans, G., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Nevin, L., Ng, K. Y., Ng, S., Nguyen, C., Nguyen, P., Nichols, D., Nichols, S. A., Nissanke, S., Nocera, F., North, C., Nuttall, L. K., Obergaulinger, M., Oberling, J., O'Brien, B. D., Oganesyan, G., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Ohta, H., Okada, M. A., Oliver, M., Oppermann, P., Oram, Richard J., O'Reilly, B., Ormiston, R. G., Ortega, L. F., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ossokine, S., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Pagano, G., Page, M. A., Pagliaroli, G., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pan, H., Panda, P. K., Pang, P. T. H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Parida, A., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patil, M., Patricelli, B., Payne, E., Pearlstone, B. L., Pechsiri, T. C., Pedersen, A. J., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pele, A., Penn, S., Perego, A., Perez, C. J., Périgois, C., Perreca, A., Petermann, J., Pfeiffer, H. P., Phelps, M., Phukon, K. S., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M., Plastino, W., Poggiani, R., Pong, D. Y. T., Ponrathnam, S., Popolizio, P., Powell, J., Prajapati, A. K., Prasad, J., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Pratten, G., Prestegard, T., Principe, M., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Quetschke, V., Quinonez, P. J., Raab, F. J., Raaijmakers, G., Radkins, H., Radulesco, N., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Rakhmanov, M., Ramirez, K. E., Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, Javed, Rao, K., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Rettegno, P., Ricci, F., Richardson, C. J., Richardson, J. W., Ricker, P. M., Riemenschneider, G., Riles, K., Rizzo, M., Robertson, N. A., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romanelli, M., Romano, R., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., Rose, C. A., Rose, D., Rose, K., Rosińska, D., Rosofsky, S. G., Ross, M. P., Rowan, S., Rüdiger, A., Ruggi, P., Rutins, G., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sakellariadou, M., Salafia, O. S., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sanders, J. R., Santiago, K. A., Santos, E., Sarin, N., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Schale, P., Scheel, M., Scheuer, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schönbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seidel, E., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sennett, N., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Setyawati, Y., Shaddock, D. A., Shaffer, T., Shahriar, M. S., Shaner, M. B., Sharma, A., Sharma, P., Shawhan, P., Shen, H., Shink, R., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Shukla, K., ShyamSundar, S., Siellez, K., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Singer, L. P., Singh, D., Singh, N., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Sitmukhambetov, S., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smith, J. R., Smith, R. J. E., Somala, S., Son, E. J., Soni, S., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Sowell, E., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Srivastava, A. K., Srivastava, V., Staats, K., Stachie, C., Standke, M., Steer, D. A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stevenson, S. P., Stocks, D., Stone, R., Stops, D. J., Strain, K. A., Stratta, G., Strigin, S. E., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Sudhir, V., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Sur, A., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Tait, S. C., Talbot, C., Tanner, D. B., Tao, D., Tápai, M., Tapia, A., Tasson, J. D., Taylor, R., Tenorio, R., Terkowski, L., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tiwari, Shubhanshu, Tiwari, Srishti, Tiwari, V., Toland, K., Tonelli, M., Tornasi, Z., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Töyrä, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Tsang, K. W., Tse, M., Tso, R., Tsukada, L., Tsuna, D., Tsutsui, T., Tuyenbayev, D., Ueno, K., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Valentini, M., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Schaaf, L., VanHeijningen, J. V., van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Varma, V., Vass, S., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Venugopalan, G., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Viets, A. D., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walet, R., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, S., Wang, W. H., Wang, Y. F., Ward, R. L., Warden, Z. A., Warner, J., Was, M., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Wessel, E. K., Weßels, P., Westhouse, J. W., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wilken, D. M., Williams, D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wright, J. L., Wu, D. S., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, S., Xu, R., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yang, L., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Yap, M. J., Yazback, M., Yeeles, D. W., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Yuen, S. H. R., Zadrożny, A. K., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, T., Zhao, C., Zhao, G., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., Collaboration, The LIGO Scientific, Collaboration, the Virgo, Aptekar, R. L., Boynton, W. V., Frederiks, D. D., Golenetskii, S. V., Golovin, D. V., Hurley, K., Kozlova, A. V., Litvak, M. L., Mitrofanov, I. G., Sanin, A. B., Svinkin, D. S., Collaboration, IPN, Carotenuto, Francesco, and Krishnan, Badri

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We present the results of targeted searches for gravitational-wave transients associated with gamma-ray bursts during the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, which took place from 2016 November to 2017 August. We have analyzed 98 gamma-ray bursts using an unmodeled search method that searches for generic transient gravitational waves and 42 with a modeled search method that targets compact-binary mergers as progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts. Both methods clearly detect the previously reported binary merger signal GW170817, with p-values of $<9.38 \times 10^{-6}$ (modeled) and $3.1 \times 10^{-4}$ (unmodeled). We do not find any significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with the other gamma-ray bursts analyzed, and therefore we report lower bounds on the distance to each of these, assuming various source types and signal morphologies. Using our final modeled search results, short gamma-ray burst observations, and assuming binary neutron star progenitors, we place bounds on the rate of short gamma-ray bursts as a function of redshift for $z \leq 1$. We estimate 0.07-1.80 joint detections with Fermi-GBM per year for the 2019-20 LIGO-Virgo observing run and 0.15-3.90 per year when current gravitational-wave detectors are operating at their design sensitivities.

Published
2019
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12. Discovery of a variable energy-dependent X-ray polarization in the accreting neutron star GX 5−1

Author

Fabiani, Sergio, primary, Capitanio, Fiamma, additional, Iaria, Rosario, additional, Poutanen, Juri, additional, Gnarini, Andrea, additional, Ursini, Francesco, additional, Farinelli, Ruben, additional, Bobrikova, Anna, additional, Steiner, James F., additional, Svoboda, Jiri, additional, Anitra, Alessio, additional, Baglio, Maria C., additional, Carotenuto, Francesco, additional, Del Santo, Melania, additional, Ferrigno, Carlo, additional, Lewis, Fraser, additional, Russell, David M., additional, Russell, Thomas D., additional, van den Eijnden, Jakob, additional, Cocchi, Massimo, additional, Di Marco, Alessandro, additional, La Monaca, Fabio, additional, Liu, Kuan, additional, Rankin, John, additional, Weisskopf, Martin C., additional, Xie, Fei, additional, Bianchi, Stefano, additional, Burderi, Luciano, additional, Di Salvo, Tiziana, additional, Egron, Elise, additional, Illiano, Giulia, additional, Kaaret, Philip, additional, Matt, Giorgio, additional, Mikušincová, Romana, additional, Muleri, Fabio, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Agudo, Iván, additional, Antonelli, Lucio A., additional, Bachetti, Matteo, additional, Baldini, Luca, additional, Baumgartner, Wayne H., additional, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, additional, Bongiorno, Stephen D., additional, Bonino, Raffaella, additional, Brez, Alessandro, additional, Bucciantini, Niccolò, additional, Castellano, Simone, additional, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, additional, Chen, Chien-Ting, additional, Ciprini, Stefano, additional, Costa, Enrico, additional, De Rosa, Alessandra, additional, Del Monte, Ettore, additional, Di Gesu, Laura, additional, Di Lalla, Niccolò, additional, Donnarumma, Immacolata, additional, Doroshenko, Victor, additional, Dovčiak, Michal, additional, Ehlert, Steven R., additional, Enoto, Teruaki, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, additional, Garcia, Javier A., additional, Gunji, Shuichi, additional, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, additional, Heyl, Jeremy, additional, Iwakiri, Wataru, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana G., additional, Karas, Vladimir, additional, Kislat, Fabian, additional, Kitaguchi, Takao, additional, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., additional, Krawczynski, Henric, additional, Latronico, Luca, additional, Liodakis, Ioannis, additional, Maldera, Simone, additional, Manfreda, Alberto, additional, Marin, Frédéric, additional, Marinucci, Andrea, additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Marshall, Herman L., additional, Massaro, Francesco, additional, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, additional, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, additional, Negro, Michela, additional, Ng, Chi-Yung, additional, O’Dell, Stephen L., additional, Omodei, Nicola, additional, Oppedisano, Chiara, additional, Pavlov, George G., additional, Peirson, Abel L., additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, additional, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Pilia, Maura, additional, Possenti, Andrea, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Ramsey, Brian D., additional, Ratheesh, Ajay, additional, Roberts, Oliver J., additional, Romani, Roger W., additional, Sgrò, Carmelo, additional, Slane, Patrick, additional, Soffitta, Paolo, additional, Spandre, Gloria, additional, Swartz, Douglas A., additional, Tamagawa, Toru, additional, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, additional, Taverna, Roberto, additional, Tawara, Yuzuru, additional, Tennant, Allyn F., additional, Thomas, Nicholas E., additional, Tombesi, Francesco, additional, Trois, Alessio, additional, Tsygankov, Sergey S., additional, Turolla, Roberto, additional, Vink, Jacco, additional, Wu, Kinwah, additional, and Zane, Silvia, additional

Published
2024
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14. Radio transients from compact objects across the mass spectrum in the era of multi-messenger astronomy.

Author

Corsi, Alessandra, Eddins, Avery, Lazio, T. Joseph W., Murphy, Eric J., Osten, Rachel A., and Carotenuto, Francesco

Subjects
MASS spectrometry, BLACK holes, NEUTRON stars, GRAVITATIONAL waves, BINARY black holes
Abstract

Compact objects across the mass spectrum-from neutron stars to supermassive black holes-are progenitors and/or central engines for some of the most cataclysmic phenomena in the Universe. As such, they are associated with radio emission on a variety of timescales and represent key targets for multi-messenger astronomy. Observations of transients in the radio band can unveil the physics behind their central engines, ejecta, and the properties of their surroundings, crucially complementing information on their progenitors gathered from observations of other messengers (such as gravitational waves and neutrinos). In this contribution, we summarize observational opportunities and challenges ahead in the multi-messenger study of neutron stars and black holes using radio observations. We highlight the specific contribution of current U.S. national radio facilities and discuss expectations for the field focusing on the science that could be enabled by facilities recommended by the 2020 Decadal survey such as the next generation Very Large Array (ngVLA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. First Detection of X-Ray Polarization from the Accreting Neutron Star 4U 1820−303

Author

Di Marco, Alessandro, primary, La Monaca, Fabio, additional, Poutanen, Juri, additional, Russell, Thomas D., additional, Anitra, Alessio, additional, Farinelli, Ruben, additional, Mastroserio, Guglielmo, additional, Muleri, Fabio, additional, Xie, Fei, additional, Bachetti, Matteo, additional, Burderi, Luciano, additional, Carotenuto, Francesco, additional, Del Santo, Melania, additional, Di Salvo, Tiziana, additional, Dovčiak, Michal, additional, Gnarini, Andrea, additional, Iaria, Rosario, additional, Kajava, Jari J. E., additional, Liu, Kuan, additional, Middei, Riccardo, additional, O’Dell, Stephen L., additional, Pilia, Maura, additional, Rankin, John, additional, Sanna, Andrea, additional, Eijnden, Jakob van den, additional, Weisskopf, Martin C., additional, Bobrikova, Anna, additional, Capitanio, Fiamma, additional, Costa, Enrico, additional, Kaaret, Philip, additional, Marino, Alessio, additional, Soffitta, Paolo, additional, Ursini, Francesco, additional, Ambrosino, Filippo, additional, Cocchi, Massimo, additional, Fabiani, Sergio, additional, Marshall, Herman L., additional, Matt, Giorgio, additional, Motta, Sara Elisa, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Stella, Luigi, additional, Tarana, Antonella, additional, Zane, Silvia, additional, Agudo, Iván, additional, Antonelli, Lucio A., additional, Baldini, Luca, additional, Baumgartner, Wayne H., additional, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, additional, Bianchi, Stefano, additional, Bongiorno, Stephen D., additional, Bonino, Raffaella, additional, Brez, Alessandro, additional, Bucciantini, Niccolò, additional, Castellano, Simone, additional, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, additional, Chen, Chien-Ting, additional, Ciprini, Stefano, additional, De Rosa, Alessandra, additional, Del Monte, Ettore, additional, Di Gesu, Laura, additional, Di Lalla, Niccolò, additional, Donnarumma, Immacolata, additional, Doroshenko, Victor, additional, Ehlert, Steven R., additional, Enoto, Teruaki, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, additional, Garcia, Javier A., additional, Gunji, Shuichi, additional, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, additional, Heyl, Jeremy, additional, Iwakiri, Wataru, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana G., additional, Karas, Vladimir, additional, Kislat, Fabian, additional, Kitaguchi, Takao, additional, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., additional, Krawczynski, Henric, additional, Latronico, Luca, additional, Liodakis, Ioannis, additional, Maldera, Simone, additional, Manfreda, Alberto, additional, Marin, Frédéric, additional, Marinucci, Andrea, additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Massaro, Francesco, additional, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, additional, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, additional, Negro, Michela, additional, Ng, Chi-Yung, additional, Omodei, Nicola, additional, Oppedisano, Chiara, additional, Pavlov, George G., additional, Peirson, Abel L., additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, additional, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Possenti, Andrea, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Ramsey, Brian D., additional, Ratheesh, Ajay, additional, Roberts, Oliver J., additional, Romani, Roger W., additional, Sgrò, Carmelo, additional, Slane, Patrick, additional, Spandre, Gloria, additional, Swartz, Douglas A., additional, Tamagawa, Toru, additional, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, additional, Taverna, Roberto, additional, Tawara, Yuzuru, additional, Tennant, Allyn F., additional, Thomas, Nicholas E., additional, Tombesi, Francesco, additional, Trois, Alessio, additional, Tsygankov, Sergey S., additional, Turolla, Roberto, additional, Vink, Jacco, additional, and Wu, Kinwah, additional

Published
2023
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22. Time-dependent visibility modelling of a relativistic jet in the X-ray binary MAXI J1803-298

Author

Forrest Research Foundation, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Wood, Callan M., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Bahramian, Arash, Tingay, S. J., Russell, T. D., Tetarenko, A. J., Altamirano, Diego, Belloni, T., Carotenuto, Francesco, Ceccobello, Chiara, Corbel, S., Espinasse, Mathilde, Fender, R., Körding, E., Migliari, S., Russell, David M., Sarazin, C. L., Sivakoff, Gregory R., Soria, Roberto, Tudose, V., Forrest Research Foundation, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Wood, Callan M., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Bahramian, Arash, Tingay, S. J., Russell, T. D., Tetarenko, A. J., Altamirano, Diego, Belloni, T., Carotenuto, Francesco, Ceccobello, Chiara, Corbel, S., Espinasse, Mathilde, Fender, R., Körding, E., Migliari, S., Russell, David M., Sarazin, C. L., Sivakoff, Gregory R., Soria, Roberto, and Tudose, V.

Abstract

Tracking the motions of transient jets launched by low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) is critical for determining the moment of jet ejection, and identifying any corresponding signatures in the accretion flow. However, these jets are often highly variable and can travel across the resolution element of an image within a single observation, violating a fundamental assumption of aperture synthesis. We present a novel approach in which we directly fit a single time-dependent model to the full set of interferometer visibilities, where we explicitly parametrize the motion and flux density variability of the emission components, to minimize the number of free parameters in the fit, while leveraging information from the full observation. This technique allows us to detect and characterize faint, fast-moving sources, for which the standard time binning technique is inadequate. We validate our technique with synthetic observations, before applying it to three Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the black hole candidate LMXB MAXI J1803−298 during its 2021 outburst. We measured the proper motion of a discrete jet component to be 1.37 ± 0.14 mas h−1, and thus we infer an ejection date of MJD 59348.08+0.05 −0.06, which occurs just after the peak of a radio flare observed by the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-Millimeter Array (ALMA), while MAXI J1803−298 was in the intermediate state. Further development of these new VLBI analysis techniques will lead to more precise measurements of jet ejection dates, which, combined with dense, simultaneous multiwavelength monitoring, will allow for clearer identification of jet ejection signatures in the accretion flow.

Published
2023

23. The accretion/ejection link in the neutron star X-ray binary 4U 1820-30 I: a boundary layer-jet coupling?

Author

European Commission, European Research Council, Royal Society (UK), Department of Science and Technology (India), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Marino, Alessio, Russell, T. D., Santo, Melania del, Beri, Aru, Sanna, Andrea, Coti Zelati, Francesco, Degenaar, Nathalie, Altamirano, Diego, Ambrosi, Elena, Anitra, A., Carotenuto, Francesco, D'Aí, Antonino, Salvo, Tiziana di, Manca, Arianna, Motta, S. E., Pinto, Ciro, Pintore, Fabio, Rea, Nanda, Eijnden, Jakob van den, European Commission, European Research Council, Royal Society (UK), Department of Science and Technology (India), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Marino, Alessio, Russell, T. D., Santo, Melania del, Beri, Aru, Sanna, Andrea, Coti Zelati, Francesco, Degenaar, Nathalie, Altamirano, Diego, Ambrosi, Elena, Anitra, A., Carotenuto, Francesco, D'Aí, Antonino, Salvo, Tiziana di, Manca, Arianna, Motta, S. E., Pinto, Ciro, Pintore, Fabio, Rea, Nanda, and Eijnden, Jakob van den

Abstract

The accretion flow/jet correlation in neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) is far less understood when compared to black hole (BH) LMXBs. In this paper we will present the results of a dense multiwavelength observational campaign on the NS LMXB 4U 1820-30, including X-ray (NICER, NuSTAR, and AstroSat) and quasi-simultaneous radio (ATCA) observations in 2022. 4U 1820-30 shows a peculiar 170 d super-orbital accretion modulation, during which the system evolves between ‘modes’ of high and low X-ray flux. During our monitoring, the source did not show any transition to a full hard state. X-ray spectra were well described using a disc blackbody, a Comptonization spectrum along with a Fe K emission line at ∼6.6 keV. Our results show that the observed X-ray flux modulation is almost entirely produced by changes in the size of the region providing seed photons for the Comptonization spectrum. This region is large (∼15 km) in the high mode and likely coincides with the whole boundary layer, while it shrinks significantly (≲10 km) in low mode. The electron temperature of the corona and the observed rms variability in the hard X-rays also exhibit a slight increase in low mode. As the source moves from high to low mode, the radio emission due to the jet becomes ∼5 fainter. These radio changes appear not to be strongly connected to the hard-to-soft transitions as in BH systems, while they seem to be connected mostly to variations observed in the boundary layer.

Published
2023

26. SLAM Map Application for Tracking Lights on Car Dashboards

Author

Carotenuto, Francesco, Erra, Ugo, Scarano, Vittorio, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, De Paolis, Lucio Tommaso, editor, and Mongelli, Antonio, editor

Published
2014
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31. Zoogeographic significance of Dmanisi large mammal assemblage

Author

Bartolini-Lucenti, Saverio, primary, Cirilli, Omar, additional, Pandolfi, Luca, additional, Bernor, Raymond Louis, additional, Bukhsianidze, Maia, additional, Carotenuto, Francesco, additional, Lordkipanidze, David, additional, Tsikaridze, Nikoloz, additional, and Rook, Lorenzo, additional

Published
2022
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32. Osservazioni sui meccanismi di locomozione dell���autore della Pista A delle ���Ciampate del diavolo���

Author

Mondanaro, Alessandro, Panarello, Adolfo, Modafferi, Maria, Melchionna, Marina, Serio, Carmela, Carotenuto, Francesco, Tavani, Stefano, Mietto, Paolo, and Raia, Pasquale

Subjects
Gait biomechanics, Icnologia umana, Human ichnology, Biomeccanica dell'andatura, Dynamic model, Modello dinamico
Abstract

The world-famous Roccamonfina site represents one among the very few opportunities to investigate about the evolution of bipedal locomotion of Middle Pleistocene humans. The site includes at least 80, finely preserved human footprints in anatomical position, divided into four trackways. We applied a biomechanical model to verify if the Roccamonfina���s individuals minimized energy expenditure during locomotion, moving downhill along an oblique route cutting the slope in order to avoid the steepest gradient. In keeping with the biomechanical modelling, we found Roccamonfina���s humans adjusted their walking strategy as a function of the slope gradient in a cost effective way. Moreover, the application of the model allowed to estimate stature and body mass of a particual individual. The results perfectly fits within the variability of eurasiatic Middle Pleistocene hominins., Il sito di Roccamonfina, famoso in tutto il mondo, rappresenta una delle pochissime opportunit��� per indagare sull'evoluzione della locomozione bipede degli uomini del Pleistocene medio. Il sito comprende almeno 80 impronte umane finemente conservate in posizione anatomica, coordinate in quattro piste. Si ��� applicato un modello biomeccanico per verificare se gli individui del Roccamonfina minimizzavano il dispendio energetico durante la locomozione, muovendosi in discesa lungo un percorso obliquo che tagliava il pendio per evitare la pendenza pi��� ripida. In linea con la modellazione biomeccanica, si ��� trovato che gli esseri umani del Roccamonfina hanno regolato la loro strategia d���andatura in funzione del gradiente del pendio in modo efficace dal punto di vista del costo energetico. Inoltre, l'applicazione del modello ha permesso di stimare la statura e la massa corporea di un individuo particolare. I risultati rientrano perfettamente nella variabilit��� degli ominini eurasiatici del Pleistocene medio.

Published
2022
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33. Osservazioni sui meccanismi di locomozione dell’autore della Pista A delle 'Ciampate del diavolo'

Author

Mondanaro, Alessandro, Panarello, Adolfo, Modafferi, Maria, Melchionna, Marina, Serio, Carmela, Carotenuto, Francesco, Tavani, Stefano, Mietto, Paolo, and Raia, Pasquale

Subjects
Gait biomechanics, Stima della statura, Body mass estimate, Stima della massa corporea, Icnologia umana, Stature estimate, Human ichnology, Biomeccanica dell'andatura, Dynamic model, Modello dinamico
Published
2022

39. A 450 million years long latitudinal gradient in age-dependent extinction

Author

Silvestro, Daniele, Castiglione, Silvia, Mondanaro, Alessandro, Serio, Carmela, Melchionna, Marina, Piras, Paolo, Di Febbraro, Mirko, Carotenuto, Francesco, Rook Lorenzo, Raia Pasquale, Silvestro, Daniele, Castiglione, Silvia, Mondanaro, Alessandro, Serio, Carmela, Melchionna, Marina, Piras, Paolo, Di Febbraro, Mirko, Carotenuto, Francesco, Rook, Lorenzo, and Raia, Pasquale

Subjects
'law of constant extinction', Letter, GE, Fossils, deep learning, fossil occurrences, mass extinction, neural networks, Animals, Biological Evolution, Invertebrates, Biodiversity, Extinction, Biological, social sciences, Extinction, musculoskeletal system, Biological, humanities, natural sciences, Letters, geographic locations
Abstract

Leigh Van Valen famously stated that under constant conditions extinction probability is independent of species age. To test this 'law of constant extinction', we developed a new method using deep learning to infer age‐dependent extinction and analysed 450 myr of marine life across 21 invertebrate clades. We show that extinction rate significantly decreases with age in > 90% of the cases, indicating that most species died out soon after their appearance while those which survived experienced ever decreasing extinction risk. This age‐dependent extinction pattern is stronger towards the Equator and holds true when the potential effects of mass extinctions and taxonomic inflation are accounted for. These results suggest that the effect of biological interactions on age‐dependent extinction rate is more intense towards the tropics. We propose that the latitudinal diversity gradient and selection at the species level account for this exceptional, yet little recognised, macroevolutionary and macroecological pattern., We developed a new method using deep learning to infer age‐dependent extinction and analyzed 450 myr of marine life across 21 invertebrate clades. We found that extinction rate significantly decreases with age in > 90% of the cases. We propose that the latitudinal diversity gradient and selection at the species level account for this exceptional, yet little recognized, macroevolutionary and macroecological pattern.

Published
2020

41. Past extinctions of homo species coincided with increased vulnerability to climatic change

Author

Raia, Pasquale, primary, Mondanaro, Alessandro, additional, Melchionna, Marina, additional, Di, Febbraro Mirko, additional, Diniz-Filho, Jose A F, additional, Rangel, Thiago F, additional, Holden, Philip B, additional, Carotenuto, Francesco, additional, Edwards, Neil R, additional, Lima-Ribeiro, Matheus S, additional, Profico, Antonio, additional, Maiorano, Luigi, additional, Castiglione, Silvia, additional, Serio, Carmela, additional, and Rook, Lorenzo, additional

Published
2021
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46. Insights into Mechanical Properties of the 1980 Irpinia Fault System from the Analysis of a Seismic Sequence

Author

Festa, Gaetano, primary, Adinolfi, Guido Maria, additional, Caruso, Alessandro, additional, Colombelli, Simona, additional, De Landro, Grazia, additional, Elia, Luca, additional, Emolo, Antonio, additional, Picozzi, Matteo, additional, Scala, Antonio, additional, Carotenuto, Francesco, additional, Gammaldi, Sergio, additional, Iaccarino, Antonio Giovanni, additional, Nazeri, Sahar, additional, Riccio, Rosario, additional, Russo, Guido, additional, Tarantino, Stefania, additional, and Zollo, Aldo, additional

Published
2021
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47. Past Extinctions of Homo Species Coincided with Increased Vulnerability to Climatic Change

Author

Raia, Pasquale, primary, Mondanaro, Alessandro, additional, Melchionna, Marina, additional, Di Febbraro, Mirko, additional, Diniz-Filho, Josè A.F., additional, Rangel, Thiago F., additional, Holden, Philip B., additional, Carotenuto, Francesco, additional, Edwards, Neil R., additional, Lima-Ribeiro, Matheus S., additional, Profico, Antonio, additional, Maiorano, Luigi, additional, Castiglione, Silvia, additional, Serio, Carmela, additional, and Rook, Lorenzo, additional

Published
2020
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48. Nature, culture and human occupation of Planet Earth

Author

Mondanaro, Alessandro, primary, Melchionna, Marina, additional, Febbraro, Mirko Di, additional, Castiglione, Silvia, additional, Holden, Philip B, additional, Edwards, Neil R, additional, Carotenuto, Francesco, additional, Maiorano, Luigi, additional, Modafferi, Maria, additional, Serio, Carmela, additional, Filho, Jose Alexandre Diniz, additional, Rangel, Thiago, additional, Rook, Lorenzo, additional, Higgins, Paul O, additional, Spikins, Penny, additional, Profico, Antonio, additional, and Raia, Pasquale, additional

Published
2020
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