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The application of two-dimensional (2D) materials has alleviated a number of challenges of traditional epitaxy and pushed forward the integration of dissimilar materials. Besides acting as a seed layer for van der Waals epitaxy, the 2D materials─being atom(s) thick─have also enabled wetting transparency in which the potential field of the substrate, although partially screened, is still capable of imposing epitaxial overgrowth. One of the crucial steps in this technology is the preservation of the quality of 2D materials during and after their transfer to a substrate of interest. In the present study, we show that by honing the achievements of traditional epitaxy and wet chemistry a hybrid approach can be devised that offers a unique perspective for the integration of functional oxides with a silicon platform. It is based on SrO-assisted deoxidation and controllable coverage of silicon surface with a layer(s) of spin-coated graphene oxide, thus simultaneously allowing both direct and van der Waals epitaxy of SrTiO 3 (STO). We were able to grow a high-quality STO pseudo-substrate suitable for further overgrowth of functional oxides, such as PbZr 1- x Ti x O 3 (PZT). Given that the quality of the films grown on a reduced graphene oxide-buffer layer was almost identical to that obtained on SiC-derived graphene, we believe that this approach may provide new routes for direct and "remote" epitaxy or layer-transfer techniques of dissimilar material systems.

Metallophthalocyanine (MPc) and carbon nano-onion (CNO) derivatives were synthesized and characterized by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The unmodified CNOs and MPc-CNO derivatives were used as photocatalysts for rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible-light irradiation. The photocatalytic studies revealed that the MPc-CNO nanostructural materials simultaneously exhibited a high absorption capacity and an excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity towards RhB. These nanostructures possess great potential for use as active photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)