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4. A Nutrient-Wide Association Study on Blood Pressure

Author

Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Patel, Chirag J, Okamura, Tomonori, Chan, Queenie, Brown, Ian J, Miura, Katsuyuki, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Zhao, Liancheng, Van Horn, Linda, Daviglus, Martha L, Stamler, Jeremiah, Butte, Atul J, Ioannidis, John PA, and Elliott, Paul

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition, Prevention, Cardiovascular, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Biomarkers, Blood Pressure, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Male, Micronutrients, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Nutritional Status, Potassium, Dietary, Sodium, Dietary, Vitamin B Complex, blood pressure, diet, epidemiology, nutrition assessment, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences, Sports science and exercise
Abstract

BackgroundA nutrient-wide approach may be useful to comprehensively test and validate associations between nutrients (derived from foods and supplements) and blood pressure (BP) in an unbiased manner.Methods and resultsData from 4680 participants aged 40 to 59 years in the cross-sectional International Study of Macro/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) were stratified randomly into training and testing sets. US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) four cross-sectional cohorts (1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003-2004, 2005-2006) were used for external validation. We performed multiple linear regression analyses associating each of 82 nutrients and 3 urine electrolytes with systolic and diastolic BP in the INTERMAP training set. Significant findings were validated in the INTERMAP testing set and further in the NHANES cohorts (false discovery rate

Published
2012

6. Sources, Composition, and Export of Particulate Organic Matter Across British Estuaries

Author

García‐Martín, E. Elena, primary, Sanders, Richard, additional, Evans, Chris D., additional, Kitidis, Vassilis, additional, Lapworth, Dan J., additional, Spears, Bryan M., additional, Tye, Andy, additional, Williamson, Jennifer L., additional, Balfour, Chris, additional, Best, Mike, additional, Bowes, Michael, additional, Breimann, Sarah, additional, Brown, Ian J., additional, Burden, Annette, additional, Callaghan, Nathan, additional, Dise, Nancy B., additional, Farr, Gareth, additional, Felgate, Stacey L., additional, Fishwick, James, additional, Fraser, Mike, additional, Gibb, Stuart, additional, Gilbert, Pete J., additional, Godsell, Nina, additional, Gomez‐Castillo, Africa P., additional, Hargreaves, Geoff, additional, Harris, Carolyn, additional, Jones, Oban, additional, Kennedy, Paul, additional, Lichtschlag, Anna, additional, Martin, Adrian P., additional, May, Rebecca, additional, Mawji, Edward, additional, Mounteney, Ian, additional, Nightingale, Philip D., additional, Olszewska, Justyna P., additional, Painter, Stuart C., additional, Pearce, Christopher R., additional, Pereira, M. Glória, additional, Peel, Kate, additional, Pickard, Amy, additional, Stephens, John A., additional, Stinchcombe, Mark, additional, Thornton, Barry, additional, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., additional, Yarrow, Deborah, additional, and Mayor, Daniel J., additional

Published
2023
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7. Sources, Composition, and Export of Particulate Organic Matter Across British Estuaries

Author

Garcia-Martin, E. Elena, Sanders, Richard, Evans, Chris D., Kitidis, Vassilis, Lapworth, Dan J., Spears, Bryan M., Tye, Andy, Williamson, Jennifer L., Balfour, Chris, Best, Mike, Bowes, Michael, Breimann, Sarah, Brown, Ian J., Burden, Annette, Callaghan, Nathan, Dise, Nancy B., Farr, Gareth, Felgate, Stacey L., Fishwick, James, Fraser, Mike, Gibb, Stuart, Gilbert, Pete J., Godsell, Nina, Gomez-Castillo, Africa P., Hargreaves, Geoff, Harris, Carolyn, Jones, Oban, Kennedy, Paul, Lichtschlag, Anna, Martin, Adrian P., May, Rebecca, Mawji, Edward, Mounteney, Ian, Nightingale, Philip D., Olszewska, Justyna P., Painter, Stuart C., Pearce, Christopher R., Pereira, M. Gloria, Peel, Kate, Pickard, Amy, Stephens, John A., Stinchcombe, Mark, Thornton, Barry, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., Yarrow, Deborah, Mayor, Daniel J., Garcia-Martin, E. Elena, Sanders, Richard, Evans, Chris D., Kitidis, Vassilis, Lapworth, Dan J., Spears, Bryan M., Tye, Andy, Williamson, Jennifer L., Balfour, Chris, Best, Mike, Bowes, Michael, Breimann, Sarah, Brown, Ian J., Burden, Annette, Callaghan, Nathan, Dise, Nancy B., Farr, Gareth, Felgate, Stacey L., Fishwick, James, Fraser, Mike, Gibb, Stuart, Gilbert, Pete J., Godsell, Nina, Gomez-Castillo, Africa P., Hargreaves, Geoff, Harris, Carolyn, Jones, Oban, Kennedy, Paul, Lichtschlag, Anna, Martin, Adrian P., May, Rebecca, Mawji, Edward, Mounteney, Ian, Nightingale, Philip D., Olszewska, Justyna P., Painter, Stuart C., Pearce, Christopher R., Pereira, M. Gloria, Peel, Kate, Pickard, Amy, Stephens, John A., Stinchcombe, Mark, Thornton, Barry, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., Yarrow, Deborah, and Mayor, Daniel J.

Abstract

Estuaries receive and process a large amount of particulate organic carbon (POC) prior to its export into coastal waters. Studying the origin of this POC is key to understanding the fate of POC and the role of estuaries in the global carbon cycle. Here, we evaluated the concentrations of POC, as well as particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to assess their sources across 13 contrasting British estuaries during five different sampling campaigns over 1 year. We found a high variability in POC and PON concentrations across the salinity gradient, reflecting inputs, and losses of organic material within the estuaries. Catchment land cover appeared to influence the contribution of POC to the total organic carbon flux from the estuary to coastal waters, with POC contributions >36% in estuaries draining catchments with a high percentage of urban/suburban land, and <11% in estuaries draining catchments with a high peatland cover. There was no seasonal pattern in the isotopic composition of POC and PON, suggesting similar sources for each estuary over time. Carbon isotopic ratios were depleted (-26.7 +/- 0.42 parts per thousand, average +/- sd) at the lowest salinity waters, indicating mainly terrigenous POC (TPOC). Applying a two-source mixing model, we observed high variability in the contribution of TPOC at the highest salinity waters between estuaries, with a median value of 57%. Our results indicate a large transport of terrigenous organic carbon into coastal waters, where it may be buried, remineralized, or transported offshore. Plain Language Summary Estuaries transport and process a large amount terrigenous particulate organic matter (i.e., carbon and nitrogen) prior to its export to coastal waters. In order to understand the fate of organic carbon and the role of estuaries in the global carbon cycle it is essential to improve our knowledge on its composition, origin, and amount of carbon transported. We quantified the

Published
2023
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8. Sources, composition, and export of particulate organic matter across British estuaries

Author

García‐Martín, E. Elena, Sanders, Richard, Evans, Chris D., Kitidis, Vassilis, Lapworth, Dan J., Spears, Bryan M., Tye, Andy, Williamson, Jennifer L., Balfour, Chris, Best, Mike, Bowes, Michael, Breimann, Sarah, Brown, Ian J., Burden, Annette, Callaghan, Nathan, Dise, Nancy B., Farr, Gareth, Felgate, Stacey L., Fishwick, James, Fraser, Mike, Gibb, Stuart, Gilbert, Pete J., Godsell, Nina, Gomez‐Castillo, Africa P., Hargreaves, Geoff, Harris, Carolyn, Jones, Oban, Kennedy, Paul, Lichtschlag, Anna, Martin, Adrian P., May, Rebecca, Mawji, Edward, Mounteney, Ian, Nightingale, Philip D., Olszewska, Justyna P., Painter, Stuart C., Pearce, Christopher R., Pereira, M. Glória, Peel, Kate, Pickard, Amy, Stephens, John A., Stinchcombe, Mark, Thornton, Barry, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., Yarrow, Deborah, Mayor, Daniel J., García‐Martín, E. Elena, Sanders, Richard, Evans, Chris D., Kitidis, Vassilis, Lapworth, Dan J., Spears, Bryan M., Tye, Andy, Williamson, Jennifer L., Balfour, Chris, Best, Mike, Bowes, Michael, Breimann, Sarah, Brown, Ian J., Burden, Annette, Callaghan, Nathan, Dise, Nancy B., Farr, Gareth, Felgate, Stacey L., Fishwick, James, Fraser, Mike, Gibb, Stuart, Gilbert, Pete J., Godsell, Nina, Gomez‐Castillo, Africa P., Hargreaves, Geoff, Harris, Carolyn, Jones, Oban, Kennedy, Paul, Lichtschlag, Anna, Martin, Adrian P., May, Rebecca, Mawji, Edward, Mounteney, Ian, Nightingale, Philip D., Olszewska, Justyna P., Painter, Stuart C., Pearce, Christopher R., Pereira, M. Glória, Peel, Kate, Pickard, Amy, Stephens, John A., Stinchcombe, Mark, Thornton, Barry, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., Yarrow, Deborah, and Mayor, Daniel J.

Abstract

Estuaries receive and process a large amount of particulate organic carbon (POC) prior to its export into coastal waters. Studying the origin of this POC is key to understanding the fate of POC and the role of estuaries in the global carbon cycle. Here, we evaluated the concentrations of POC, as well as particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to assess their sources across 13 contrasting British estuaries during five different sampling campaigns over 1 year. We found a high variability in POC and PON concentrations across the salinity gradient, reflecting inputs, and losses of organic material within the estuaries. Catchment land cover appeared to influence the contribution of POC to the total organic carbon flux from the estuary to coastal waters, with POC contributions >36% in estuaries draining catchments with a high percentage of urban/suburban land, and <11% in estuaries draining catchments with a high peatland cover. There was no seasonal pattern in the isotopic composition of POC and PON, suggesting similar sources for each estuary over time. Carbon isotopic ratios were depleted (−26.7 ± 0.42‰, average ± sd) at the lowest salinity waters, indicating mainly terrigenous POC (TPOC). Applying a two-source mixing model, we observed high variability in the contribution of TPOC at the highest salinity waters between estuaries, with a median value of 57%. Our results indicate a large transport of terrigenous organic carbon into coastal waters, where it may be buried, remineralized, or transported offshore.

Published
2023

15. Contrasting Estuarine Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter Derived From Natural and Human‐Impacted Landscapes

Author

García‐Martín, E. Elena, primary, Sanders, Richard, additional, Evans, Chris D., additional, Kitidis, Vassilis, additional, Lapworth, Dan J., additional, Rees, Andrew P., additional, Spears, Bryan M., additional, Tye, Andy, additional, Williamson, Jennifer L., additional, Balfour, Chris, additional, Best, Mike, additional, Bowes, Michael, additional, Breimann, Sarah, additional, Brown, Ian J., additional, Burden, Annette, additional, Callaghan, Nathan, additional, Felgate, Stacey L., additional, Fishwick, James, additional, Fraser, Mike, additional, Gibb, Stuart W., additional, Gilbert, Pete J., additional, Godsell, Nina, additional, Gomez‐Castillo, Africa P., additional, Hargreaves, Geoff, additional, Jones, Oban, additional, Kennedy, Paul, additional, Lichtschlag, Anna, additional, Martin, Adrian, additional, May, Rebecca, additional, Mawji, Edward, additional, Mounteney, Ian, additional, Nightingale, Philip D., additional, Olszewska, Justyna P., additional, Painter, Stuart C., additional, Pearce, Christopher R., additional, Pereira, M. Glória, additional, Peel, Kate, additional, Pickard, Amy, additional, Stephens, John A., additional, Stinchcombe, Mark, additional, Williams, Peter, additional, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., additional, Yarrow, Deborah, additional, and Mayor, Daniel J., additional

Published
2021
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18. The role of a changing Arctic Ocean and climate for the biogeochemical cycling of dimethyl sulphide and carbon monoxide

Author

Campen, Hanna I., Arevalo-Martinez, Damian L., Artioli, Yuri, Brown, Ian J., Kitidis, Vassilis, Lessin, Gennadi, Rees, Andrew P., Bange, Hermann W., Campen, Hanna I., Arevalo-Martinez, Damian L., Artioli, Yuri, Brown, Ian J., Kitidis, Vassilis, Lessin, Gennadi, Rees, Andrew P., and Bange, Hermann W.

Abstract

Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and carbon monoxide (CO) are climate-relevant trace gases that play key roles in the radiative budget of the Arctic atmosphere. Under global warming, Arctic sea ice retreats at an unprecedented rate, altering light penetration and biological communities, and potentially affect DMS and CO cycling in the Arctic Ocean. This could have socio-economic implications in and beyond the Arctic region. However, little is known about CO production pathways and emissions in this region and the future development of DMS and CO cycling. Here we summarize the current understanding and assess potential future changes of DMS and CO cycling in relation to changes in sea ice coverage, light penetration, bacterial and microalgal communities, pH and physical properties. We suggest that production of DMS and CO might increase with ice melting, increasing light availability and shifting phytoplankton community. Among others, policy measures should facilitate large-scale process studies, coordinated long term observations and modelling efforts to improve our current understanding of the cycling and emissions of DMS and CO in the Arctic Ocean and of global consequences.

Published
2021

19. Contrasting estuarine processing of dissolved organic matter derived from natural and human‐impacted landscapes

Author

Garcia-Martin, E. Elena, Sanders, Richard, Evans, Chris D., Kitidis, Vassilis, Lapworth, Dan J., Rees, Andrew P., Spears, Bryan M., Tye, Andy, Williamson, Jennifer L., Balfour, Chris, Best, Mike, Bowes, Michael, Breimann, Sarah, Brown, Ian J., Burden, Annette, Callaghan, Nathan, Felgate, Stacey L., Fishwick, James, Fraser, Mike, Gibb, Stuart W., Gilbert, Pete J., Godsell, Nina, Gomez‐Castillo, Africa P., Hargreaves, Geoff, Jones, Oban, Kennedy, Paul, Lichtschlag, Anna, Martin, Adrian, May, Rebecca, Mawji, Edward, Mounteney, Ian, Nightingale, Philip D., Olszewska, Justyna P., Painter, Stuart C., Pearce, Christopher R., Pereira, M. Gloria, Peel, Kate, Pickard, Amy, Stephens, John A., Stinchcombe, Mark, Williams, Peter, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., Yarrow, Deborah, Mayor, Daniel J., Garcia-Martin, E. Elena, Sanders, Richard, Evans, Chris D., Kitidis, Vassilis, Lapworth, Dan J., Rees, Andrew P., Spears, Bryan M., Tye, Andy, Williamson, Jennifer L., Balfour, Chris, Best, Mike, Bowes, Michael, Breimann, Sarah, Brown, Ian J., Burden, Annette, Callaghan, Nathan, Felgate, Stacey L., Fishwick, James, Fraser, Mike, Gibb, Stuart W., Gilbert, Pete J., Godsell, Nina, Gomez‐Castillo, Africa P., Hargreaves, Geoff, Jones, Oban, Kennedy, Paul, Lichtschlag, Anna, Martin, Adrian, May, Rebecca, Mawji, Edward, Mounteney, Ian, Nightingale, Philip D., Olszewska, Justyna P., Painter, Stuart C., Pearce, Christopher R., Pereira, M. Gloria, Peel, Kate, Pickard, Amy, Stephens, John A., Stinchcombe, Mark, Williams, Peter, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., Yarrow, Deborah, and Mayor, Daniel J.

Abstract

The flux of terrigenous organic carbon through estuaries is an important and changing, yet poorly understood, component of the global carbon cycle. Using dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and fluorescence data from thirteen British estuaries draining catchments with highly variable land uses, we show that land use strongly influences the fate of DOC across the land-ocean transition via its influence on the composition and lability of the constituent dissolved organic matter (DOM). In estuaries draining peatland-dominated catchments, DOC was highly correlated with biologically refractory “humic-like” terrigenous material which tended to be conservatively transported along the salinity gradient. In contrast, there was a weaker correlation between DOC and DOM components within estuaries draining catchments with a high degree of human impact, i.e. relatively larger percentage of arable and (sub-)urban land uses. These arable and (sub-)urban estuaries contain a high fraction of bioavailable “protein-like” material that behaved non-conservatively, with both DOC removals and additions occurring. In general, estuaries draining catchments with a high percentage of peatland (≥18 %) have higher area-specific estuarine exports of DOC (>13 g C m-2 yr-1) compared to those estuaries draining catchments with a high percentage (≥46 %) of arable and (sub-)urban land uses (<2.1 g C m-2 yr-1). Our data indicate that these arable and (sub-)urban estuaries tend to export, on average, ∼50 % more DOC to coastal areas than they receive from rivers, due to net anthropogenic derived organic matter inputs within the estuary.

Published
2021

20. Contrasting Estuarine Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter Derived From Natural and Human‐Impacted Landscapes

Author

García‐Martín, E. Elena, Sanders, Richard, Evans, Chris D., Kitidis, Vassilis, Lapworth, Dan J., Rees, Andrew P., Spears, Bryan M., Tye, Andy, Williamson, Jennifer L., Balfour, Chris, Best, Mike, Bowes, Michael, Breimann, Sarah, Brown, Ian J., Burden, Annette, Callaghan, Nathan, Felgate, Stacey L., Fishwick, James, Fraser, Mike, Gibb, Stuart W., Gilbert, Pete J., Godsell, Nina, Gomez‐Castillo, Africa P., Hargreaves, Geoff, Jones, Oban, Kennedy, Paul, Lichtschlag, Anna, Martin, Adrian, May, Rebecca, Mawji, Edward, Mounteney, Ian, Nightingale, Philip D., Olszewska, Justyna P., Painter, Stuart C., Pearce, Christopher R., Pereira, M. Glória, Peel, Kate, Pickard, Amy, Stephens, John A., Stinchcombe, Mark, Williams, Peter, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., Yarrow, Deborah, Mayor, Daniel J., García‐Martín, E. Elena, Sanders, Richard, Evans, Chris D., Kitidis, Vassilis, Lapworth, Dan J., Rees, Andrew P., Spears, Bryan M., Tye, Andy, Williamson, Jennifer L., Balfour, Chris, Best, Mike, Bowes, Michael, Breimann, Sarah, Brown, Ian J., Burden, Annette, Callaghan, Nathan, Felgate, Stacey L., Fishwick, James, Fraser, Mike, Gibb, Stuart W., Gilbert, Pete J., Godsell, Nina, Gomez‐Castillo, Africa P., Hargreaves, Geoff, Jones, Oban, Kennedy, Paul, Lichtschlag, Anna, Martin, Adrian, May, Rebecca, Mawji, Edward, Mounteney, Ian, Nightingale, Philip D., Olszewska, Justyna P., Painter, Stuart C., Pearce, Christopher R., Pereira, M. Glória, Peel, Kate, Pickard, Amy, Stephens, John A., Stinchcombe, Mark, Williams, Peter, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., Yarrow, Deborah, and Mayor, Daniel J.

Published
2021
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22. Genetic loci associated with C-reactive protein levels and risk of coronary heart disease

Author

Elliott, Paul, Chambers, John C., Zhang, Weihua, Clarke, Robert, Hopewell, Jemma C., Peden, John F., Erdmann, Jeanette, Braund, Peter, Engert, James C., Bennett, Derrick, Coin, Lachlan, Ashby, Deborah, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Brown, Ian J., Mt-Isa, Shahrul, McCarthy, Mark I., Peltonen, Leena, Freimer, Nelson B., Farrall, Martin, Ruokonen, Aima, Hamsten, Anders, Lim, Noha, Froguel, Philippe, Waterworth, Dawn M., Vollenweider, Peter, Waeber, Gerard, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Mooser,Vincent, Scott, James, Hall, Alistair S., Schunkert, Heribert, Anand, Sonia S., Collins, Rory, Samani, Nilesh J., Watkins, Hugh, and Kooner, Jaspal S.

Subjects
C-reactive protein -- Health aspects, Coronary heart disease -- Causes of, Coronary heart disease -- Risk factors
Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the association of loci with the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Results indicated that a causal relationship did exist between CRP and coronary heart disease.

Published
2009

23. Human metabolic phenotype diversity and its association with diet and blood pressure

Author

Holmes, Elaine, Loo, Ruey Leng, Stamler, Jeremiah, Bictash, Magda, Yap, Ivan K.S., Chan, Queenie, Ebbels, Tim, De Iorio, Maria, Brown, Ian J., Veselkov, Kirill A., Daviglus, Martha L., Kesteloot, Hugo, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Zhao, Liancheng, Nicholson, Jeremy K., and Elliott, Paul

Subjects
Blood pressure -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Diet -- Physiological aspects -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation, Physiological aspects, Research
Abstract

Metabolic phenotypes are the products of interactions among a variety of factors--dietary, other lifestyle/environmental, gut microbial and genetic (1-3). We use a large-scale exploratory analytical approach to investigate metabolic phenotype [...]

Published
2008

29. The use of low-temperature thermal expansion for the detection of paramagnetic ions in dielectrics

Author

Brown, Ian J.

Subjects
530.41, Solid-state physics
Abstract

The object of the thesis is to demonstrate the existence of Schottky type anomalies in the low temperature thermal expansion of dielectric crystals produced by the presence of a small concentration of strongly coupled paramagnetic impurity ions. Cryogenic equipment, utilising a three terminal capacitance dilatometer, for the semi-automatic measurement of thermal expansion at low temperatures using a dynamic measurement technique has been designed, constructed and commissioned. The results of application of this apparatus to determine the contribution to the thermal expansion at low temperatures of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) due to small concentrations of strongly coupled paramagnetic ions (Cr2+(3d4, 5D), Mn3+(3d4, 5D), v3+ (3d2 , 3F)) is presented. Peaked anomalies in the thermal expansion of Al2O3 doped with these ions have been observed which are not present for undoped samples. The effects observed are in contrast with those predicted using a static crystal field model but may be interpreted in terms of a dynamic Jahn-Teller model.

Published
1982

31. Insights from year-long measurements of air–water CH4 and CO2 exchange in a coastal environment

Author

Yang, Mingxi, Bell, Thomas G., Brown, Ian J., Fishwick, James R., Kitidis, Vassilis, Nightingale, Philip D., Rees, Andrew P., and Smyth, Timothy J.

Abstract

Air–water CH4 and CO2 fluxes were directly measured using the eddy covariance technique at the Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory on the southwest coast of the United Kingdom from September 2015 to August 2016. The high-frequency, year-long measurements provide unprecedented detail on the variability of these greenhouse gas fluxes from seasonal to diurnal and to semi-diurnal (tidal) timescales. Depending on the wind sector, fluxes measured at this site are indicative of air–water exchange in coastal seas as well as in an outer estuary. For the open-water sector when winds were off the Atlantic Ocean, CH4 flux was almost always positive (annual mean of ∼0.05 mmol m−2 d−1) except in December and January, when CH4 flux was near zero. At times of high rainfall and river flow rate, CH4 emission from the estuarine-influenced Plymouth Sound sector was several times higher than emission from the open-water sector. The implied CH4 saturation (derived from the measured fluxes and a wind-speed-dependent gas transfer velocity parameterization) of over 1000 % in the Plymouth Sound is within range of in situ dissolved CH4 measurements near the mouth of the river Tamar. CO2 flux from the open-water sector was generally from sea to air in autumn and winter and from air to sea in late spring and summer, with an annual mean flux of near zero. A diurnal signal in CO2 flux and implied partial pressure of CO2 in water (pCO2) are clearly observed for the Plymouth Sound sector and also evident for the open-water sector during biologically productive periods. These observations suggest that coastal CO2 efflux may be underestimated if sampling strategies are limited to daytime only. Combining the flux data with seawater pCO2 measurements made in situ within the flux footprint allows us to estimate the CO2 transfer velocity. The gas transfer velocity and wind speed relationship at this coastal location agrees reasonably well with previous open-water parameterizations in the mean but demonstrates considerable variability. We discuss the influences of biological productivity, bottom-driven turbulence and rainfall on coastal air–water gas exchange.

Published
2019

32. Nitrous Oxide Cycling in the Fram Strait

Author

Arévalo-Martínez, Damian L., Löscher, Carolin R., Brown, Ian J., Rees, Andrew P., Kitidis, Vassilis, Bange, Hermann W., Arévalo-Martínez, Damian L., Löscher, Carolin R., Brown, Ian J., Rees, Andrew P., Kitidis, Vassilis, and Bange, Hermann W.

Abstract

The Arctic Ocean is particularly sensitive to climate change. Its ecosystem structure and function are prone to be disturbed (among others) by fast warming and massive retreat of sea-ice, which in turn, might result in feedbacks on climate. As the third most important greenhouse gas and major ozone-depleting substance in the stratosphere, nitrous oxide (N2O) is a crucial parameter to study in order to monitor ocean’s state and its role in the production and exchange of climate-relevant substances to the atmosphere. Although studies have suggested potential N2O sinks in subpolar-polar waters, little is known about their relevance for regional and global budgets. In this presentation, we show the first results of a study carried out in summer 2018, during which we conducted extensive measurements of N2O at the sea surface and the water column in the Fram Strait between Svalbard and Greenland. We also conducted a detailed survey of functional gene markers of nitrogen cycling and performed incubation experiments for biological nitrogen fixation. Using the combined data set we: provide the first estimate of sea-to-air transfer of N2O in the region, show the contrasting depth distribution between east and -western sides of the Strait, and discuss the dynamic balance between water mass transport, solubility effects and production/consumption. Considering the connectivity between the Strait and the subpolar North Atlantic (through the East Greenland Current), this study represents an important contribution to the understanding of the biogeochemistry of the region and it allows assessing expected changes with further decline in Arctic sea-ice.

Published
2019

33. Dehydrating and Sterilizing Wastes Using Supercritical CO2

Author

Brown, Ian J

Subjects
Man/System Technology And Life Support
Abstract

A relatively low-temperature process for dehydrating and sterilizing biohazardous wastes in an enclosed life-support system exploits (1) the superior mass-transport properties of supercritical fluids in general and (2) the demonstrated sterilizing property of supercritical CO2 in particular. The wastes to be treated are placed in a chamber. Liquid CO2, drawn from storage at a pressure of 850 psi (approx.=5.9 MPa) and temperature of 0 C, is compressed to pressure of 2 kpsi (approx.=14 MPa) and made to flow into the chamber. The compression raises the temperature to 10 C. The chamber and its contents are then further heated to 40 C, putting the CO2 into a supercritical state, in which it kills microorganisms in the chamber. Carrying dissolved water, the CO2 leaves the chamber through a back-pressure regulator, through which it is expanded back to the storage pressure. The expanded CO2 is refrigerated to extract the dissolved water as ice, and is then returned to the storage tank at 0 C

Published
2006

39. Insights from year-long measurements of air-water CH4 and CO2 exchange in a coastal environment.

Author

Mingxi Yang, Bell, Thomas G., Brown, Ian J., Fishwick, James R., Kitidis, Vassilis, Nightingale, Philip D., Rees, Andrew P., and Smyth, Timothy J.

Subjects
AIR-water interfaces, COASTAL ecosystem health, CARBON dioxide mitigation, GREENHOUSE gas mitigation, BIOLOGICAL productivity, METHANE derivatives
Abstract

Air-water CH4 and CO2 fluxes were directly measured using the eddy covariance technique at the Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory on the southwest coast of the United Kingdom from September 2015 to August 2016. The high frequency, year-long measurements provide unprecedented detail into the variability of these Greenhouse Gas fluxes from seasonal to diurnal and to semi-diurnal timescales. Depending on the wind sector, fluxes measured at this site are indicative of air-water exchange in coastal seas as well as in an outer estuary. For the open water sector when winds were off the Atlantic Ocean, annual CH4 emission averaged ~ 0.05 mmol m-2 d-1. Open water CH4 flux was near zero in December and January, probably due to reduced biological production of CH4. At times of high rainfall and river flow rate, CH4 emission from the estuarine-influenced Plymouth Sound sector was several times higher than emission from the open water sector. The implied CH4 saturation, derived from the measured fluxes and a wind speed dependent gas transfer velocity parameterization, of over 1000% in the Plymouth Sound is within range of in situ dissolved CH4 measurements near the mouth of the river Tamar. CO2 flux from the open water sector was generally from sea-to-air in autumn and winter and from air-to-sea in late spring and summer, with an annual mean flux of near zero. CO2 flux from the Plymouth Sound sector was more positive, consistent with a higher dissolved CO2 concentration in the estuarine waters. A diurnal signal in CO2 flux and implied dissolved pCO2 are clearly observed for the Plymouth Sound sector and also evident for the open water sector during biologically productive periods. These observations suggest that coastal CO2 efflux may be underestimated if the sampling strategy is limited to daytime only. Combining the fluxes with in situ dissolved pCO2 measurements within the flux footprints allows us to estimate the CO2 transfer velocity. The gas transfer velocity vs. wind speed relationship at this coastal location agrees reasonably well with previous open water parameterizations in the mean, but demonstrates considerable variability. We discuss the influences of biological productivity and bottom-driven turbulence on coastal air-water gas exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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43. Metabolic phenotyping in epidemiology and metabolome-wide association studies

Author

Bictash, Magda, Ebbels, Timothy, Chan, Queenie, Loo, Ruey Leng, Yap, Ivan, Brown, Ian J, De Iorio, Maria, Daviglus, Martha, Holmes, Elaine, Stamler, Jeremiah, Nicholson, Jeremy K., and Elliott, Paul

Subjects
Molecular Epidemiology, Phenotype, Metabolome, Humans, Metabolomics, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Assessment, Article, Biomarkers
Abstract

Metabolic phenotyping of humans allows information to be captured on the interactions between dietary, xenobiotic, other lifestyle and environmental exposures, and genetic variation, which together influence the balance between health and disease risks at both individual and population levels.We describe here the main procedures in large-scale metabolic phenotyping and their application to metabolome-wide association (MWA) studies.By use of high-throughput technologies and advanced spectroscopic methods, application of metabolic profiling to large-scale epidemiologic sample collections, including metabolome-wide association (MWA) studies for biomarker discovery and identification.Metabolic profiling at epidemiologic scale requires optimization of experimental protocol to maximize reproducibility, sensitivity, and quantitative reliability, and to reduce analytical drift. Customized multivariate statistical modeling approaches are needed for effective data visualization and biomarker discovery with control for false-positive associations since 100s or 1,000s of complex metabolic spectra are being processed.Metabolic profiling is an exciting addition to the armamentarium of the epidemiologist for the discovery of new disease-risk biomarkers and diagnostics, and to provide novel insights into etiology, biological mechanisms, and pathways.

Published
2010

44. Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment

Author

Danaei, G, Lu, Y, Singh, G, Carnahan, E, Stevens, G, Cowan, M, Farzadfar, F, Lin, J, Finucane, M, Rao, M, Khang, Y, Riley, L, Arian, D, Lim, S, Ezzati, M, Aamodt, G, Abdeen, Z, Abdella, N, Rahim, H, Addo, J, Aekplakorn, W, Afifi, M, Agabiti-Rosei, E, Salinas, C, Agyemang, C, Ali, M, Al-Nsour, M, Al-Nuaim, A, Ambady, R, Angelantonio, E, Aro, P, Azizi, F, Babu, B, Bahalim, A, Barbagallo, C, Barbieri, M, Barceló, A, Barreto, S, Barros, H, Bautista, L, Benetos, A, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Bonora, E, Botana, M, Bovet, P, Breckenkamp, J, Breteler, M, Broda, G, Brown, I, Bursztyn, M, de León, A, Campos, H, Cappuccio, F, Capuano, V, Casiglia, E, Castellano, M, Castetbon, K, Cea, L, Chang, C, Chaouki, N, Chatterji, S, Chen, C, Chen, Z, Choi, J, Chua, L, Cífková, R, Cobiac, L, Cooper, R, Corsi, A, Costanza, M, Craig, C, Dankner, R, Dastgiri, S, Delgado, E, Dinc, G, Doi, Y, Dong, G, Dorsi, E, Dragano, N, Drewnowski, A, Eggertsen, R, Elliott, P, Engeland, A, Erem, C, Esteghamati, A, Fall, C, Fan, J, Ferreccio, C, Fezeu, L, Firmo, J, Florez, H, Fornés, N, Fowkes, F, Franceschini, G, Frisk, F, Fuchs, F, Fuller, E, Getz, L, Giampaoli, S, Gómez, L, Gomez-Zumaquero, J, Iversen, S, Grant, J, Carvajal, R, Gulliford, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, P, Gureje, O, Gutierrez, H, Hansen, T, Hata, J, He, J, Heim, N, Heinrich, J, Hemmingsson, T, Hennis, A, Herman, W, Herrera, V, Ho, S, Holdsworth, M, Frisman, G, Hopman, W, Hussain, A, Husseini, A, Ibrahim, M, Ikeda, N, Jacobsen, B, Jaddou, H, Jafar, T, Janghorbani, M, Jasienska, G, Joffres, M, Jonas, J, Kadiki, O, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kamadjeu, R, Kaptoge, S, Karalis, I, Kastarinen, M, Katz, J, Keinan-Boker, L, Kelly, P, Khalilzadeh, O, Kiechl, S, Kim, K, Kiyohara, Y, Kobayashi, J, Krause, M, Kubínová, R, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, Y, Lam, T, Langhammer, A, Lawes, C, Le, C, Lee, J, Lévy-Marchal, C, Lewington, S, Li, Y, Lim, T, Lin, X, Lin, C, Lin, H, Lind, L, Lissner, L, Liu, X, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lorbeer, R, Ma, G, Ma, S, Macià, F, Maclean, D, Maggi, S, Magliano, D, Makdisse, M, Mancia, G, Mannami, T, Marques-Vidal, P, Mbanya, J, McFarlane-Anderson, N, Miccoli, R, Miettola, J, Minh, H, Miquel, J, Miranda, J, Mohamed, M, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Mokdad, A, Mollentze, W, Morales, D, Morgan, K, Lorenza M Muiesan, N, Muntoni, S, Nabipour, I, Nakagami, T, Nangia, V, Nemesure, B, Neovius, M, Nerhus, K, Nervi, F, Neuhauser, H, Nguyen, M, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Oh, S, Ohkubo, T, Olivieri, O, Önal, A, Onat, A, Oróstegui, M, Ouedraogo, H, Pan, W, Panagiotakos, D, Panza, F, Park, Y, Passos, V, Pednekar, M, Pelizzari, P, Peres, M, Cynthia Pérez, N, Pérez-Fernández, R, Pichardo, R, Phua, H, Pistelli, F, Plans, P, Polakowska, M, Poulter, N, Prabhakaran, D, Qiao, Q, Rafiei, M, Raitakari, O, Ramos, L, Rampal, S, Rampal, L, Rasmussen, F, Reddy, K, Redon, J, Revilla, L, Reyes-García, V, Roaeid, R, Robinson, C, Rodriguez-Artalejo, F, Rojas-Martinez, R, Ronkainen, K, Rosero-Bixby, L, Roth, G, Sachdev, H, Sánchez, J, Sanisoglu, S, Sans, S, Sarraf-Zadegan, N, Scazufca, M, Schaan, B, Schapochnik, N, Schelleman, H, Schneider, I, Schooling, C, Schwarz, B, Sekuri, C, Sereday, M, Serra-Majem, L, Shaw, J, Shera, A, Shi, Z, Shiri, R, Shu, X, Silva, D, Silva, E, Simons, L, Smith, M, Söderberg, S, Soebardi, S, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soysal, A, Stattin, P, Stein, A, Stergiou, G, Stessman, J, Sudo, A, Suka, M, Sundh, V, Sundquist, K, Sundström, J, Swai, A, Tai, E, Tambs, K, Tesfaye, F, Thomas, G, Thorogood, M, Tilvis, R, Tobias, M, Torheim, L, Trenkwalder, P, Tuomilehto, J, Tur, J, Tzourio, C, Uhernik, A, Ukoli, F, Unwin, N, Hoorn, S, Vanderpump, M, Varo, J, Veierød, M, Velásquez-Meléndez, G, Verschuren, M, Viet, L, Villalpando, S, Vioque, J, Vollenweider, P, Volpato, S, Wang, N, Wang, Y, Ward, M, Waspadji, S, Lennart X Welin, N, Whitlock, G, Wilhelmsen, L, Willeit, J, Woodward, M, Wormser, D, André J Xavier, N, Xu, F, Xu, L, Yamamoto, A, Yang, G, Yang, X, Yeh, L, Yoon, J, You, Q, Yu, Z, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zheng, W, Zhou, M, Danaei, Goodarz, Lu, Yuan, Singh, Gitanjali M, Carnahan, Emily, Stevens, Gretchen A, Cowan, Melanie J, Farzadfar, Farshad, Lin, John K, Finucane, Mariel M, Rao, Mayuree, Khang, Young-Ho, Riley, Leanne M, Arian, Dariush Mozaff, Lim, Stephen S, Ezzati, Majid, Aamodt, Geir, Abdeen, Ziad, Abdella, Nabila A, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Addo, Juliet, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afifi, Mustafa M, Agabiti-Rosei, Enrico, Salinas, Carlos A Aguilar, Agyemang, Charles, Ali, Mohammed K, Ali, Mohamed M, Al-Nsour, Mohannad, Al-Nuaim, Abdul R, Ambady, Ramachandran, Angelantonio, Emanuele Di, Aro, Pertti, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahalim, Adil N, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barbieri, Marco A, Barceló, Alberto, Barreto, Sandhi M, Barros, Henrique, Bautista, Leonelo E, Benetos, Athanase, Bjerregaard, Peter, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Bonora, Enzo, Botana, Manuel A, Bovet, Pascal, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breteler, Monique M, Broda, Grazyna, Brown, Ian J, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Campos, Hannia, Cappuccio, Francesco P, Capuano, Vincenzo, Casiglia, Edoardo, Castellano, Maurizio, Castetbon, Katia, Cea, Luis, Chang, Chih-Jen, Chaouki, Noureddine, Chatterji, Somnath, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Zhengming, Choi, Jin-Su, Chua, Lily, Cífková, Renata, Cobiac, Linda J, Cooper, Richard S, Corsi, Anna Maria, Costanza, Michael C, Craig, Cora L, Dankner, Rachel S, Dastgiri, Saeed, Delgado, Elias, Dinc, Gonul, Doi, Yasufumi, Dong, Guang-Hui, Dorsi, Eleonora, Dragano, Nico, Drewnowski, Adam, Eggertsen, Robert, Elliott, Paul, Engeland, Anders, Erem, Cihangir, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fall, Caroline H D, Fan, Jian-Gao, Ferreccio, Catterina, Fezeu, Leopold, Firmo, Josélia O, Florez, Hermes J, Fornés, Nélida S, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franceschini, Guido, Frisk, Fredrik, Fuchs, Flávio D, Fuller, Eva L, Getz, Linn, Giampaoli, Simona, Gómez, Luis F, Gomez-Zumaquero, Juan M, Iversen, Sidsel Graff, Grant, Janet F, Carvajal, Ramiro Guerrero, Gulliford, Martin C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Prakash C, Gureje, Oye, Gutierrez, Hialy R, Hansen, Tine W, Hata, Jun, He, Jiang, Heim, Noor, Heinrich, Joachim, Hemmingsson, Tomas, Hennis, Anselm, Herman, William H, Herrera, Victor M, Ho, Suzanne, Holdsworth, Michelle, Frisman, Gunilla Hollman, Hopman, Wilma M, Hussain, Akhtar, Husseini, Abdullatif, Ibrahim, M Mohsen, Ikeda, Nayu, Jacobsen, Bjarne K, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jafar, Tazeen H, Janghorbani, Mohsen, Jasienska, Grazyna, Joffres, Michel R, Jonas, Jost B, Kadiki, Othman A, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamadjeu, Raoul M, Kaptoge, Stephen, Karalis, Ioannis, Kastarinen, Mika J, Katz, Joanne, Keinan-Boker, Lital, Kelly, Paul, Khalilzadeh, Omid, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Ki Woong, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Kobayashi, Junji, Krause, Maressa P, Kubínová, Ružena, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Lam, Tai H, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lawes, Carlene M M, Le, Cai, Lee, Jeannette, Lévy-Marchal, Claire, Lewington, Sarah, Li, Yanping, Li, Yuqiu, Lim, T O, Lin, Xu, Lin, Cheng-Chieh, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lind, Lars, Lissner, Lauren, Liu, Xiaoqing, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Lorbeer, Roberto, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Stefan, Macià, Francesc, Maclean, David R, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Makdisse, Marcia, Mancia, Giuseppe, Mannami, Toshifumi, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McFarlane-Anderson, Norma, Miccoli, Roberto, Miettola, Juhani, Minh, Hoang V, Miquel, Juan F, Miranda, J Jaime, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohan, V., Mohanna, Salim, Mokdad, Ali, Mollentze, Willem F, Morales, Dante D, Morgan, Karen, Lorenza M Muiesan, null, Muntoni, Sergio, Nabipour, Iraj, Nakagami, Tomoko, Nangia, Vinay, Nemesure, Barbara, Neovius, Martin, Nerhus, Kjersti A, Nervi, Flavio, Neuhauser, Hannelore, Nguyen, Minh, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Noale, Marianna, Oh, Sang W, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivieri, Oliviero, önal, Ayse Emel, Onat, Altan, Oróstegui, Myriam, Ouedraogo, Hermann, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B, Panza, Francesco, Park, Yongsoo, Passos, Valeria M A, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Pelizzari, Pamela M, Peres, Marco A, Cynthia Pérez, null, Pérez-Fernández, Román, Pichardo, Rafael, Phua, Hwee Pin, Pistelli, Francesco, Plans, Pedro, Polakowska, Maria, Poulter, Neil, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Qiao, Qing, Rafiei, Masoud, Raitakari, Olli T, Ramos, Luiz R, Rampal, Sanjay, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rasmussen, Finn, Reddy, Kanala K R, Redon, Josep, Revilla, Luis, Reyes-García, Victoria, Roaeid, Ragab B, Robinson, Carolyn A, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosero-Bixby, Luis, Roth, Gregory A, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sánchez, José R, Sanisoglu, Selim Y, Sans, Susana, Sarraf-Zadegan, Nizal, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Schapochnik, Norberto, Schelleman, Hedi, Schneider, Ione J C, Schooling, C Mary, Schwarz, Bernhard, Sekuri, Cevad, Sereday, Martha S, Serra-Majem, Lluís, Shaw, Jonathan, Shera, Abdul S, Shi, Zumin, Shiri, Rahman, Shu, Xiao Ou, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Eglé, Simons, Leon A, Smith, Margaret, Söderberg, Stefan, Soebardi, Suharko, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Soysal, Ahmet, Stattin, Pär, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Sudo, Akihiro, Suka, Machi, Sundh, Valter, Sundquist, Kristina, Sundström, Johan, Swai, Andrew B, Tai, E Shyong, Tambs, Kristian, Tesfaye, Fikru, Thomas, George N, Thorogood, Margaret, Tilvis, Reijo S, Tobias, Martin, Torheim, Liv E, Trenkwalder, Peter, Tuomilehto, Jaakko O, Tur, Josep A, Tzourio, Christophe, Uhernik, Ana I, Ukoli, Flora A, Unwin, Nigel, Hoorn, Stephen Vander, Vanderpump, Mark P, Varo, Jose Javier, Veierød, Marit B, Velásquez-Meléndez, Gustavo, Verschuren, Monique, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vioque, Jesus, Vollenweider, Peter, Volpato, Stefano, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Ya X, Ward, Mark, Waspadji, Sarwono, Lennart X Welin, null, Whitlock, Gary, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Willeit, Johann, Woodward, Mark, Wormser, David, André J Xavier, null, Xu, Fei, Xu, Liang, Yamamoto, Akira, Yang, Gonghuan, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yeh, Li-Chia, Yoon, Jin-Sang, You, Qisheng, Yu, Zhijie, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Lei, Zheng, Wei, Zhou, Maigeng, Danaei, G, Lu, Y, Singh, G, Carnahan, E, Stevens, G, Cowan, M, Farzadfar, F, Lin, J, Finucane, M, Rao, M, Khang, Y, Riley, L, Arian, D, Lim, S, Ezzati, M, Aamodt, G, Abdeen, Z, Abdella, N, Rahim, H, Addo, J, Aekplakorn, W, Afifi, M, Agabiti-Rosei, E, Salinas, C, Agyemang, C, Ali, M, Al-Nsour, M, Al-Nuaim, A, Ambady, R, Angelantonio, E, Aro, P, Azizi, F, Babu, B, Bahalim, A, Barbagallo, C, Barbieri, M, Barceló, A, Barreto, S, Barros, H, Bautista, L, Benetos, A, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Bonora, E, Botana, M, Bovet, P, Breckenkamp, J, Breteler, M, Broda, G, Brown, I, Bursztyn, M, de León, A, Campos, H, Cappuccio, F, Capuano, V, Casiglia, E, Castellano, M, Castetbon, K, Cea, L, Chang, C, Chaouki, N, Chatterji, S, Chen, C, Chen, Z, Choi, J, Chua, L, Cífková, R, Cobiac, L, Cooper, R, Corsi, A, Costanza, M, Craig, C, Dankner, R, Dastgiri, S, Delgado, E, Dinc, G, Doi, Y, Dong, G, Dorsi, E, Dragano, N, Drewnowski, A, Eggertsen, R, Elliott, P, Engeland, A, Erem, C, Esteghamati, A, Fall, C, Fan, J, Ferreccio, C, Fezeu, L, Firmo, J, Florez, H, Fornés, N, Fowkes, F, Franceschini, G, Frisk, F, Fuchs, F, Fuller, E, Getz, L, Giampaoli, S, Gómez, L, Gomez-Zumaquero, J, Iversen, S, Grant, J, Carvajal, R, Gulliford, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, P, Gureje, O, Gutierrez, H, Hansen, T, Hata, J, He, J, Heim, N, Heinrich, J, Hemmingsson, T, Hennis, A, Herman, W, Herrera, V, Ho, S, Holdsworth, M, Frisman, G, Hopman, W, Hussain, A, Husseini, A, Ibrahim, M, Ikeda, N, Jacobsen, B, Jaddou, H, Jafar, T, Janghorbani, M, Jasienska, G, Joffres, M, Jonas, J, Kadiki, O, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kamadjeu, R, Kaptoge, S, Karalis, I, Kastarinen, M, Katz, J, Keinan-Boker, L, Kelly, P, Khalilzadeh, O, Kiechl, S, Kim, K, Kiyohara, Y, Kobayashi, J, Krause, M, Kubínová, R, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, Y, Lam, T, Langhammer, A, Lawes, C, Le, C, Lee, J, Lévy-Marchal, C, Lewington, S, Li, Y, Lim, T, Lin, X, Lin, C, Lin, H, Lind, L, Lissner, L, Liu, X, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lorbeer, R, Ma, G, Ma, S, Macià, F, Maclean, D, Maggi, S, Magliano, D, Makdisse, M, Mancia, G, Mannami, T, Marques-Vidal, P, Mbanya, J, McFarlane-Anderson, N, Miccoli, R, Miettola, J, Minh, H, Miquel, J, Miranda, J, Mohamed, M, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Mokdad, A, Mollentze, W, Morales, D, Morgan, K, Lorenza M Muiesan, N, Muntoni, S, Nabipour, I, Nakagami, T, Nangia, V, Nemesure, B, Neovius, M, Nerhus, K, Nervi, F, Neuhauser, H, Nguyen, M, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Oh, S, Ohkubo, T, Olivieri, O, Önal, A, Onat, A, Oróstegui, M, Ouedraogo, H, Pan, W, Panagiotakos, D, Panza, F, Park, Y, Passos, V, Pednekar, M, Pelizzari, P, Peres, M, Cynthia Pérez, N, Pérez-Fernández, R, Pichardo, R, Phua, H, Pistelli, F, Plans, P, Polakowska, M, Poulter, N, Prabhakaran, D, Qiao, Q, Rafiei, M, Raitakari, O, Ramos, L, Rampal, S, Rampal, L, Rasmussen, F, Reddy, K, Redon, J, Revilla, L, Reyes-García, V, Roaeid, R, Robinson, C, Rodriguez-Artalejo, F, Rojas-Martinez, R, Ronkainen, K, Rosero-Bixby, L, Roth, G, Sachdev, H, Sánchez, J, Sanisoglu, S, Sans, S, Sarraf-Zadegan, N, Scazufca, M, Schaan, B, Schapochnik, N, Schelleman, H, Schneider, I, Schooling, C, Schwarz, B, Sekuri, C, Sereday, M, Serra-Majem, L, Shaw, J, Shera, A, Shi, Z, Shiri, R, Shu, X, Silva, D, Silva, E, Simons, L, Smith, M, Söderberg, S, Soebardi, S, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soysal, A, Stattin, P, Stein, A, Stergiou, G, Stessman, J, Sudo, A, Suka, M, Sundh, V, Sundquist, K, Sundström, J, Swai, A, Tai, E, Tambs, K, Tesfaye, F, Thomas, G, Thorogood, M, Tilvis, R, Tobias, M, Torheim, L, Trenkwalder, P, Tuomilehto, J, Tur, J, Tzourio, C, Uhernik, A, Ukoli, F, Unwin, N, Hoorn, S, Vanderpump, M, Varo, J, Veierød, M, Velásquez-Meléndez, G, Verschuren, M, Viet, L, Villalpando, S, Vioque, J, Vollenweider, P, Volpato, S, Wang, N, Wang, Y, Ward, M, Waspadji, S, Lennart X Welin, N, Whitlock, G, Wilhelmsen, L, Willeit, J, Woodward, M, Wormser, D, André J Xavier, N, Xu, F, Xu, L, Yamamoto, A, Yang, G, Yang, X, Yeh, L, Yoon, J, You, Q, Yu, Z, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zheng, W, Zhou, M, Danaei, Goodarz, Lu, Yuan, Singh, Gitanjali M, Carnahan, Emily, Stevens, Gretchen A, Cowan, Melanie J, Farzadfar, Farshad, Lin, John K, Finucane, Mariel M, Rao, Mayuree, Khang, Young-Ho, Riley, Leanne M, Arian, Dariush Mozaff, Lim, Stephen S, Ezzati, Majid, Aamodt, Geir, Abdeen, Ziad, Abdella, Nabila A, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Addo, Juliet, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afifi, Mustafa M, Agabiti-Rosei, Enrico, Salinas, Carlos A Aguilar, Agyemang, Charles, Ali, Mohammed K, Ali, Mohamed M, Al-Nsour, Mohannad, Al-Nuaim, Abdul R, Ambady, Ramachandran, Angelantonio, Emanuele Di, Aro, Pertti, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahalim, Adil N, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barbieri, Marco A, Barceló, Alberto, Barreto, Sandhi M, Barros, Henrique, Bautista, Leonelo E, Benetos, Athanase, Bjerregaard, Peter, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Bonora, Enzo, Botana, Manuel A, Bovet, Pascal, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breteler, Monique M, Broda, Grazyna, Brown, Ian J, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Campos, Hannia, Cappuccio, Francesco P, Capuano, Vincenzo, Casiglia, Edoardo, Castellano, Maurizio, Castetbon, Katia, Cea, Luis, Chang, Chih-Jen, Chaouki, Noureddine, Chatterji, Somnath, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Zhengming, Choi, Jin-Su, Chua, Lily, Cífková, Renata, Cobiac, Linda J, Cooper, Richard S, Corsi, Anna Maria, Costanza, Michael C, Craig, Cora L, Dankner, Rachel S, Dastgiri, Saeed, Delgado, Elias, Dinc, Gonul, Doi, Yasufumi, Dong, Guang-Hui, Dorsi, Eleonora, Dragano, Nico, Drewnowski, Adam, Eggertsen, Robert, Elliott, Paul, Engeland, Anders, Erem, Cihangir, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fall, Caroline H D, Fan, Jian-Gao, Ferreccio, Catterina, Fezeu, Leopold, Firmo, Josélia O, Florez, Hermes J, Fornés, Nélida S, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Franceschini, Guido, Frisk, Fredrik, Fuchs, Flávio D, Fuller, Eva L, Getz, Linn, Giampaoli, Simona, Gómez, Luis F, Gomez-Zumaquero, Juan M, Iversen, Sidsel Graff, Grant, Janet F, Carvajal, Ramiro Guerrero, Gulliford, Martin C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Prakash C, Gureje, Oye, Gutierrez, Hialy R, Hansen, Tine W, Hata, Jun, He, Jiang, Heim, Noor, Heinrich, Joachim, Hemmingsson, Tomas, Hennis, Anselm, Herman, William H, Herrera, Victor M, Ho, Suzanne, Holdsworth, Michelle, Frisman, Gunilla Hollman, Hopman, Wilma M, Hussain, Akhtar, Husseini, Abdullatif, Ibrahim, M Mohsen, Ikeda, Nayu, Jacobsen, Bjarne K, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jafar, Tazeen H, Janghorbani, Mohsen, Jasienska, Grazyna, Joffres, Michel R, Jonas, Jost B, Kadiki, Othman A, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamadjeu, Raoul M, Kaptoge, Stephen, Karalis, Ioannis, Kastarinen, Mika J, Katz, Joanne, Keinan-Boker, Lital, Kelly, Paul, Khalilzadeh, Omid, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Ki Woong, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Kobayashi, Junji, Krause, Maressa P, Kubínová, Ružena, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Lam, Tai H, Langhammer, Arnulf, Lawes, Carlene M M, Le, Cai, Lee, Jeannette, Lévy-Marchal, Claire, Lewington, Sarah, Li, Yanping, Li, Yuqiu, Lim, T O, Lin, Xu, Lin, Cheng-Chieh, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lind, Lars, Lissner, Lauren, Liu, Xiaoqing, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Lorbeer, Roberto, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Stefan, Macià, Francesc, Maclean, David R, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Makdisse, Marcia, Mancia, Giuseppe, Mannami, Toshifumi, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McFarlane-Anderson, Norma, Miccoli, Roberto, Miettola, Juhani, Minh, Hoang V, Miquel, Juan F, Miranda, J Jaime, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohan, V., Mohanna, Salim, Mokdad, Ali, Mollentze, Willem F, Morales, Dante D, Morgan, Karen, Lorenza M Muiesan, null, Muntoni, Sergio, Nabipour, Iraj, Nakagami, Tomoko, Nangia, Vinay, Nemesure, Barbara, Neovius, Martin, Nerhus, Kjersti A, Nervi, Flavio, Neuhauser, Hannelore, Nguyen, Minh, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Noale, Marianna, Oh, Sang W, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivieri, Oliviero, önal, Ayse Emel, Onat, Altan, Oróstegui, Myriam, Ouedraogo, Hermann, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B, Panza, Francesco, Park, Yongsoo, Passos, Valeria M A, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Pelizzari, Pamela M, Peres, Marco A, Cynthia Pérez, null, Pérez-Fernández, Román, Pichardo, Rafael, Phua, Hwee Pin, Pistelli, Francesco, Plans, Pedro, Polakowska, Maria, Poulter, Neil, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Qiao, Qing, Rafiei, Masoud, Raitakari, Olli T, Ramos, Luiz R, Rampal, Sanjay, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rasmussen, Finn, Reddy, Kanala K R, Redon, Josep, Revilla, Luis, Reyes-García, Victoria, Roaeid, Ragab B, Robinson, Carolyn A, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosero-Bixby, Luis, Roth, Gregory A, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sánchez, José R, Sanisoglu, Selim Y, Sans, Susana, Sarraf-Zadegan, Nizal, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Schapochnik, Norberto, Schelleman, Hedi, Schneider, Ione J C, Schooling, C Mary, Schwarz, Bernhard, Sekuri, Cevad, Sereday, Martha S, Serra-Majem, Lluís, Shaw, Jonathan, Shera, Abdul S, Shi, Zumin, Shiri, Rahman, Shu, Xiao Ou, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Eglé, Simons, Leon A, Smith, Margaret, Söderberg, Stefan, Soebardi, Suharko, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Soysal, Ahmet, Stattin, Pär, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Sudo, Akihiro, Suka, Machi, Sundh, Valter, Sundquist, Kristina, Sundström, Johan, Swai, Andrew B, Tai, E Shyong, Tambs, Kristian, Tesfaye, Fikru, Thomas, George N, Thorogood, Margaret, Tilvis, Reijo S, Tobias, Martin, Torheim, Liv E, Trenkwalder, Peter, Tuomilehto, Jaakko O, Tur, Josep A, Tzourio, Christophe, Uhernik, Ana I, Ukoli, Flora A, Unwin, Nigel, Hoorn, Stephen Vander, Vanderpump, Mark P, Varo, Jose Javier, Veierød, Marit B, Velásquez-Meléndez, Gustavo, Verschuren, Monique, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vioque, Jesus, Vollenweider, Peter, Volpato, Stefano, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Ya X, Ward, Mark, Waspadji, Sarwono, Lennart X Welin, null, Whitlock, Gary, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Willeit, Johann, Woodward, Mark, Wormser, David, André J Xavier, null, Xu, Fei, Xu, Liang, Yamamoto, Akira, Yang, Gonghuan, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yeh, Li-Chia, Yoon, Jin-Sang, You, Qisheng, Yu, Zhijie, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Lei, Zheng, Wei, and Zhou, Maigeng

Abstract

Background: High blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and BMI are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and some of these factors also increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and diabetes. We estimated mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes that was attributable to these four cardiometabolic risk factors for all countries and regions from 1980 to 2010. Methods: We used data for exposure to risk factors by country, age group, and sex from pooled analyses of population-based health surveys. We obtained relative risks for the effects of risk factors on cause-specific mortality from meta-analyses of large prospective studies. We calculated the population attributable fractions for each risk factor alone, and for the combination of all risk factors, accounting for multicausality and for mediation of the effects of BMI by the other three risks. We calculated attributable deaths by multiplying the cause-specific population attributable fractions by the number of disease-specific deaths. We obtained cause-specific mortality from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study. We propagated the uncertainties of all the inputs to the final estimates. Findings: In 2010, high blood pressure was the leading risk factor for deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes in every region, causing more than 40% of worldwide deaths from these diseases; high BMI and glucose were each responsible for about 15% of deaths, and high cholesterol for more than 10%. After accounting for multicausality, 63% (10·8 million deaths, 95% CI 10·1-11·5) of deaths from these diseases in 2010 were attributable to the combined effect of these four metabolic risk factors, compared with 67% (7·1 million deaths, 6·6-7·6) in 1980. The mortality burden of high BMI and glucose nearly doubled from 1980 to 2010. At the country level, age-standardised death rates from these diseases attributable to the c

Published
2014

45. Individual efforts to reduce salt intake in China, Japan, UK, USA

Author

Okuda, Nagako, primary, Stamler, Jeremiah, additional, Brown, Ian J., additional, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, additional, Miura, Katsuyuki, additional, Okayama, Akira, additional, Saitoh, Shigeyuki, additional, Nakagawa, Hideaki, additional, Sakata, Kiyomi, additional, Yoshita, Katsushi, additional, Zhao, Liancheng, additional, and Elliott, Paul, additional

Published
2014
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46. Blood Pressure Differences Associated With Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial for Heart Health (OMNIHEART)–Like Diet Compared With a Typical American Diet

Author

Molitor, John, primary, Brown, Ian J., additional, Chan, Queenie, additional, Papathomas, Michail, additional, Liverani, Silvia, additional, Molitor, NuooTing, additional, Richardson, Sylvia, additional, Van Horn, Linda, additional, Daviglus, Martha L., additional, Dyer, Alan, additional, Stamler, Jeremiah, additional, and Elliott, Paul, additional

Published
2014
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47. Glutamic Acid – the Main Dietary Amino Acid – and Blood Pressure: The INTERMAP Study

Author

Stamler, Jeremiah, Brown, Ian J, Daviglus, Martha L, Chan, Queenie, Kesteloot, Hugo, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Zhao, Liancheng, and Elliott, Paul

Subjects
Adult, Male, Internationality, Glutamic Acid, Blood Pressure, Middle Aged, Article, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hypertension, Humans, Female, Dietary Proteins, Micronutrients, Amino Acids, Cooperative Behavior
Abstract

Data are available that indicate an independent inverse relationship of dietary vegetable protein to the blood pressure (BP) of individuals. Here, we assess whether BP is associated with glutamic acid intake (the predominant dietary amino acid, especially in vegetable protein) and with each of 4 other amino acids that are relatively higher in vegetable than animal protein (proline, phenylalanine, serine, and cystine).This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 4680 persons 40 to 59 years of age from 17 random population samples in China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. BP was measured 8 times at 4 visits; dietary data (83 nutrients, 18 amino acids) were obtained from 4 standardized, multipass, 24-hour dietary recalls and 2 timed 24-hour urine collections. Dietary glutamic acid (percentage of total protein intake) was inversely related to BP. Across multivariate regression models (model 1, which controlled for age, gender, and sample, through model 5, which controlled for 16 possible nonnutrient and nutrient confounders), estimated average BP differences associated with a glutamic acid intake that was higher by 4.72% of total dietary protein (2 SD) were -1.5 to -3.0 mm Hg systolic and -1.0 to -1.6 mm Hg diastolic (z scores -2.15 to -5.11). Results were similar for the glutamic acid-BP relationship with each of the other amino acids also in the model; eg, with control for 15 variables plus proline, systolic/diastolic pressure differences were -2.7/-2.0 mm Hg (z scores -2.51, -2.82). In these 2-amino acid models, higher intake (by 2 SD) of each of the other amino acids was associated with small BP differences and z scores.Dietary glutamic acid may have independent BP-lowering effects, which may contribute to the inverse relation of vegetable protein to BP.

Published
2009

48. Dietary and Urinary Metabonomic Factors Possibly Accounting for Higher Blood Pressure of Black Compared With White Americans

Author

Stamler, Jeremiah, primary, Brown, Ian J., additional, Yap, Ivan K.S., additional, Chan, Queenie, additional, Wijeyesekera, Anisha, additional, Garcia-Perez, Isabel, additional, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, additional, Ebbels, Timothy M.D., additional, De Iorio, Maria, additional, Posma, Joram, additional, Daviglus, Martha L., additional, Carnethon, Mercedes, additional, Holmes, Elaine, additional, Nicholson, Jeremy K., additional, and Elliott, Paul, additional

Published
2013
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49. Relationship of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids to blood pressure

Author

Miura, Katsuyuki, primary, Stamler, Jeremiah, additional, Brown, Ian J., additional, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, additional, Nakagawa, Hideaki, additional, Sakurai, Masaru, additional, Chan, Queenie, additional, Appel, Lawrence J., additional, Okayama, Akira, additional, Okuda, Nagako, additional, Curb, J. David, additional, Rodriguez, Beatriz L., additional, Robertson, Claire, additional, Zhao, Liancheng, additional, and Elliott, Paul, additional

Published
2013
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50. The inhibition of N2O production by ocean acidification in cold temperate and polar waters.

Author

Rees, Andrew P., Brown, Ian J., Jayakumar, Amal, and Ward, Bess B.

Subjects
*NITROUS oxide, *OCEAN acidification, *COLD (Temperature), *AMMONIA-oxidizing bacteria, *SEA water analysis, *ARCHAEBACTERIA
Abstract

The effects of ocean acidification (OA) on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) production and on the community composition of ammonium oxidizing archaea (AOA) were examined in the northern and southern sub-polar and polar Atlantic Ocean. Two research cruises were performed during June 2012 between the North Sea and Arctic Greenland and Barent Seas, and in January–February 2013 to the Antarctic Scotia Sea. Seven stations were occupied in all during which shipboard experimental manipulations of the carbonate chemistry were performed through additions of NaHCO 3 − +HCl in order to examine the impact of short-term (48 h for N 2 O and between 96 and 168 h for AOA) exposure to control and elevated conditions of OA. During each experiment, triplicate incubations were performed at ambient conditions and at 3 lowered levels of pH which varied between 0.06 and 0.4 units according to the total scale and which were targeted at CO 2 partial pressures of ~500, 750 and 1000 µatm. The AOA assemblage in both Arctic and Antarctic regions was dominated by two major archetypes that represent the marine AOA clades most often detected in seawater. There were no significant changes in AOA assemblage composition between the beginning and end of the incubation experiments. N 2 O production was sensitive to decreasing pH T at all stations and decreased by between 2.4% and 44% with reduced pH T values of between 0.06 and 0.4. The reduction in N 2 O yield from nitrification was directly related to a decrease of between 28% and 67% in available NH 3 as a result of the pH driven shift in the NH 3 :NH 4 + equilibrium. The maximum reduction in N 2 O production at conditions projected for the end of the 21st century was estimated to be 0.82 Tg N y −1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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