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Objectives Methods Results Conclusions Clinical implications The great heterogeneity in symptoms and clinical signs of depression in older adults makes the current diagnostic criteria difficult to apply. This scoping review aims to provide an update on the relevance of each of the diagnostic criteria as defined in the DSM-5.In order to limit the risk of bias inherent in the study selection process, a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. Articles meeting these criteria were identified using a combination of search terms entered into PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and SocINDEX.Of the 894 articles identified, 33 articles were selected. This review highlights a different presentation of depression in older adults. Beyond the first two DSM core criteria, some symptoms are more common in older adults: appetite change, sleep disturbance, psychomotor slowing, difficulty concentrating, indecisiveness, and fatigue.This review provides an updated description of the clinical expression of depressive symptoms in the older population while highlighting current pending issues.Somatic symptoms should be systematically considered in order to improve the diagnosis of depression in older adults, even if, in some cases, they may reflect symptoms of age-related illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing evidence that the chaperone-like protein CDC48 (cell division cycle 48) plays a role in plant immunity. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX), which is a major regulator of the redox status of plant cells, has previously been shown to interact with CDC48. In this study, we examined the regulation of cAPX by the ATPase NtCDC48 during the cryptogein-induced immune response in tobacco cells. Our results not only confirmed the interaction between the proteins but also showed that it occurs in the cytosol. cAPX accumulation was modified in cells overexpressing NtCDC48, a process that was shown to involve post-translational modification of cAPX. In addition, cryptogein-induced increases in cAPX activity were suppressed in cells overexpressing NtCDC48 and the abundance of the cAPX dimer was below the level of detection. Furthermore, the levels of both reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio decreased more rapidly in response to the elicitor in these cells than in controls. A decrease in cAPX activity was also observed in response to heat shock in the cells overexpressing NtCDC48, indicating that the regulation of cAPX by NtCDC48 is not specific to the immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cdc48, a molecular chaperone conserved in different kingdoms, is a member of the AAA+ family contributing to numerous processes in mammals including proteins quality control and degradation, vesicular trafficking, autophagy and immunity. The functions of Cdc48 plant orthologues are less understood. We previously reported that Cdc48 is regulated by S-nitrosylation in tobacco cells undergoing an immune response triggered by cryptogein, an elicitin produced by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea. Here, we inv estigated the function of NtCdc48 in cryptogein signalling and induced hypersensitive-like cell death. NtCdc48 was found to accumulate in elicited cells at both the protein and transcript levels. Interestingly, only a small proportion of the overall NtCdc48 population appeared to be S-nitrosylated. Using gel filtration in native conditions, we confirmed that NtCdc48 was present in its hexameric active form. An immunoprecipitation-based strategy following my mass spectrometry analysis led to the identification of about a hundred NtCdc48 partners and underlined its contribution in cellular processes including targeting of ubiquitylated proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation, subcellular trafficking and redox regulation. Finally, the analysis of cryptogein-induced events in NtCdc48-overexpressing cells highlighted a correlation between NtCdc48 expression and hypersensitive cell death. Altogether, this study identified NtCdc48 as a component of cryptogein signalling and plant immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Ankle sprain is a frequently encountered traumatic injury in emergency departments and is associated with important health expenses. However, the appropriate care of this traumatic injury remains a matter of debate. We tested the hypothesis that compression stockings speed up recovery from ankle sprain. METHODS: Recent (<48 hours) cases of ankle sprain without other traumatic injury in patients aged between 18 and 55 years were included. Patients were randomly allocated to placebo Jersey or class II compression stockings (Venoflex; Thuasne, Levallois-Perret, France). The primary end point was the time to recovery of normal painless walking without requirement for analgesic drug. Secondary end points were time to return to sport activity, pain, analgesic consumption, and ankle edema (bimalleolar and midfoot circumferences). RESULTS: We randomized 126 patients and analyzed 117 patients (60 in the placebo group and 57 in the compression group). The median time to normal painless walking was not significantly decreased (P = .16). No significant differences were observed in pain, analgesic consumption, and bimalleloar and midfoot circumferences. No safety issue was reported. In the subgroup of patients with regular sport activity, the time to return to sport activity was shorter in patients treated with compression stockings (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Compression stockings failed to significantly modify the time to return to normal painless walking in ankle sprain. A beneficial effect was observed only in a subgroup of patients, as compression stockings significantly decreased the time to return to sport activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The apoptotic cell death process in the prostate is known to be under the control of androgens. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF-α family of cytokines, known to induce apoptosis upon binding to its death domain-containing receptors, DR4/TRAIL-R1 and DR5/TRAIL-R2. Two additional TRAIL receptors, DcR1/TRAIL-R3 and DcR2/TRAIL-R4, lack functional death domains and act as decoy receptors for TRAIL. In this study, we examined whether TRAIL and cellular receptors expression was targeted by androgens during the apoptotic cell death process in the hormone sensitive ventral prostate. The role of androgens was investigated using two sets of experiment. (1) Androgen deprivation associated with an apoptotic process resulted in a decrease in DcR2 mRNA and protein expression in the ventral prostate 3 days after castration. Testosterone administration to castrated adult rats prevented the decrease in DcR2 mRNA and protein levels in the ventral prostate. In contrast, DcR2 expression was modified, neither in the dorsolateral nor in the anterior prostate following castration. No changes were observed in DR4, DR5, DcR1, and TRAIL mRNA and protein levels in prostate after castration. (2) A specific decrease in DcR2 expression was observed in the ventral prostate after treatment of rats with the anti-androgen flutamide. Together, the present results suggest that testosterone specifically controls DcR2 expression in the adult rat ventral prostate. Androgen withdrawal, by reducing DcR2 expression, might leave the cells vulnerable to cell death signals generated by TRAIL via its functional receptors. J.Cell.Physiol. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The chaperone-like p97 is a member of the AAA + ATPase enzyme family that contributes to numerous cellular activities. P97 has been broadly studied in mammals (VCP/p97) and yeasts (CDC48: Cell Division Cycle 48/p97) and numerous investigations highlighted that this protein is post-translationally regulated, is structured in homohexamer and interacts with partners and cofactors that direct it to distinct cellular signalization pathway including protein quality control and degradation, cell cycle regulation, genome stability, vesicular trafficking, autophagy and immunity. Scope of review p97 is also conserved in plants (CDC48) but its functions are less understood. In the present review we intended to present the state of the art of the structure, regulation and functions of CDC48 in plants. Major conclusions Evidence accumulated underline that CDC48 plays a crucial role in development, cell cycle regulation and protein turnover in plants. Furthermore, its involvement in plant immunity has recently emerged and first interacting partners have been identified, shedding light on its putative cellular activities. General significance Identification of emerging functions of CDC48 in plants opens new roads of research in immunity and provides new insights into the mechanisms of protein quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Signaling in eukaryotic cells frequently relies on dynamic interactions of single-pass membrane receptors involving their transmembrane (TM) domains. To search for new such interactions, we have developed a bacterial two-hybrid system to screen for both homotypic and heterotypic interactions between TM helices. We have explored the dimerization of TM domains from 16 proteins involved in both receptor tyrosine kinase and neuropilin signaling. This study has revealed several new interactions. We found that the TM domain of Mucin-4, a putative intramembrane ligand for erbB2, dimerizes not only with erbB2 but also with all four members of the erbB family. In the Neuropilin/Plexin family of receptors, we showed that the TM domains of Neuropilins 1 and 2 dimerize with themselves and also with Plexin-A1, Plexin-B1, and L1CAM, but we were unable to observe interactions with several other TM domains notably those of members of the VEGF receptor family. The potentially important Neuropilin 1/Plexin-A1 interaction was confirmed using a surface plasmon resonance assay. This work shows that TM domain interactions can be highly specific. Exploring further the propensities of TM helix–helix association in cell membrane should have important practical implications related to our understanding of the structure–function of bitopic proteins' assembly and subsequent function, especially in the regulation of signal transduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]