Search

Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: To synthesize primary research into the impact of person‐centred diabetes self‐management education, and support that targets people with type 2 diabetes, on behavioural, psychosocial and cardiometabolic outcomes and to identify effective mechanisms underlying positive outcomes of person‐centred diabetes self‐management education and support. Methods: Using Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method, we conducted a systematic search of peer‐reviewed literature published between January 2008 and June 2019 using PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL. After article selection according to established criteria, study quality was assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists for cohort studies, randomized controlled trials and qualitative research. Results: From 1901 identified records, 22 (19 quantitative, two qualitative, and one mixed methods) were considered eligible for inclusion. Interventions were categorized by content, medium of delivery, and outcomes. Qualitative studies, quantitative cohort studies and randomized controlled trials demonstrated positive outcomes, with no differences in success rates across study design. Interventions were largely successful in improving HbA1c and patient‐reported outcomes such as quality of life but had limited success in lowering cholesterol and weight, or initiating long‐term improvements in lifestyle behaviours. Primary objectives were achieved more often than secondary objectives, and studies with fewer outcomes appeared more successful in achieving specific outcomes. Conclusions: Person‐centred diabetes self‐management education and support has demonstrated a considerable impact on desired diabetes‐related outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes. To advance the field further, new studies should take advantage of systematic and transparent approaches to person‐centred diabetes self‐management education. What's new?: No previous systematic review has examined the impact of person‐centred diabetes self‐management education targeting people with type 2 diabetes.The included studies were largely successful in improving patient‐reported outcomes and HbA1c.Studies were not successful in lowering cholesterol, weight or long‐term improvements in health behaviour, but no study reported undesired outcomes.To advance the field further, new studies should take advantage of provided systematic and transparent approaches to person‐centred diabetes self‐management education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced atrophy of the partially edentulous maxilla necessitates bone augmentation as a prerequisite for successful implant osseointegration. This case shows that sinus grafting at the left first molar (free-end gap) by means of particulated mineralized solvent-preserved cancellous bone and sealing of the recipient site with a bioabsorbable xenogenic collagenous membrane provides optimum conditions for a staged implant placement. Four months after sinus membrane elevation, a trephine biopsy was recovered from the augmented floor and a microtextured implant placed into the augmented area. The ultrastructural observations testify to the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of the grafting material used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smectic liquid crystals form freely-suspended, fluid films of highly uniform structure and thickness, making them ideal systems for studies of hydrodynamics in two dimensions. We have measured particle mobility and shear viscosity by direct observation of the gravitational drift of silica spheres and smectic islands included in these fluid membranes. In thick films, we observe a hydrodynamic regime dominated by lateral confinement effects, with the mobility of the inclusion determined predominantly by coupling of the fluid flow to the fixed boundaries of the film. In thin films, the mobility of inclusions is governed primarily by coupling of the fluid to the surrounding air, as predicted by Saffman-Delbrück theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites have developed as ecotoxicologically relevant micropollutants in the aquatic environment. During conventional biological wastewater treatment they are eliminated insufficiently and therefore reach surface waters via discharges. They are either partially or completely non-biodegradable and/or hardly eliminable by activated sludge adsorption because they often have polar structures. Membrane bioreactor treatment (MBR) was applied to pre-treat wastewater containing pharmaceutical compounds, e.g., antibiotics like floxacins and their synthetic precursor compounds. Our objectives were to eliminate these persistent target compounds from wastewater prior to discharge into receiving waters. Therefore an advanced treatment applying MBR combined with different chemical and physicochemical processes was performed. The addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC), nano filtration (NF), reverse osmosis (UO) or ozone (O3) and O3/UV were applied to MBR permeate spiked with the selected target compounds. Treatment efficiency was assessed using conventional inorganic and organic chemical analyses besides advanced physicochemical methods like liquid chromatography coupled with mass and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS and --MS-MS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the scope of the study, nine waste waters from the chemical and textile industries were treated in bench-scale (laboratory scale) and small-scale (pilot scale) membrane bioreactors. Depending on wastewater characteristics, the resulting performance varied significantly. It was observed that MBR effectiveness was determined primarily by the degree of biodegradability of the wastewater. In the course of several months of operation, no significant changes associated with the complete retention of the biomass by the membranes were observed. In some cases, it was possible to improve effluent quality by using smaller molecular separation sizes. The flux performance of the membrane modules was dependent on wastewater composition. Occasionally, non-degradable macromolecular substances concentrated in the bioreactor, resulting in strongly reduced filterability and flow performance of the membrane modules, consequently also reducing the economic viability of the process. The results demonstrate that wastewater- specific pilot tests are absolutely necessary, in particular if the technology is to be used for new applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present report outlines the numerical simulation of the flow in a hot water circulating pump. The impeller, diffuser and spherical casing of an existing machine are simulated using different computational fluid dynamics programs. Calculation and analysis of both the individual components and their interaction as a coupled system serve as basis for step-by-step improvement. Further, the newly designed impeller is modelled together with the impeller side gap geometry to compute numerically the internal leakage losses and particularly the axial thrust during operation. The measured pump characteristic shows a significant improvement in efficiency compared with the original hydraulics, and the calculated and measured axial thrust agree well over a wide range of operating points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite half a century of research, the biology of dinoflagellates remains enigmatic: they defy many functional and genetic traits attributed to typical eukaryotic cells. Genomic approaches to study dinoflagellates are often stymied due to their large, multi-gigabase genomes. Members of the genus Symbiodinium are photosynthetic endosymbionts of stony corals that provide the foundation of coral reef ecosystems. Their smaller genome sizes provide an opportunity to interrogate evolution and functionality of dinoflagellate genomes and endosymbiosis. We sequenced the genome of the ancestral Symbiodinium microadriaticum and compared it to the genomes of the more derived Symbiodinium minutum and Symbiodinium kawagutii and eukaryote model systems as well as transcriptomes from other dinoflagellates. Comparative analyses of genome and transcriptome protein sets show that all dinoflagellates, not only Symbiodinium, possess significantly more transmembrane transporters involved in the exchange of amino acids, lipids, and glycerol than other eukaryotes. Importantly, we find that only Symbiodinium harbor an extensive transporter repertoire associated with the provisioning of carbon and nitrogen. Analyses of these transporters show species-specific expansions, which provides a genomic basis to explain differential compatibilities to an array of hosts and environments, and highlights the putative importance of gene duplications as an evolutionary mechanism in dinoflagellates and Symbiodinium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]