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Background: We investigated the percentage of insufficiently active adolescents who became young adults meeting moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. We also explored adolescent psychosocial and environmental factors that predicted MVPA guideline adherence in young adulthood. Methods: Participants included N = 1001 adolescents (mean age = 14.1 y) reporting < 7 hours per week of MVPA and followed (8 y later) into young adulthood through Project EAT. We examined mean weekly hours of MVPA, MVPA change between adolescence and young adulthood, and the proportion of participants meeting MVPA guidelines in young adulthood. With sex-stratified logistic regression, we tested 11 adolescent psychosocial and environmental factors predicting meeting MVPA guidelines in young adulthood. Results: Overall, 55% of insufficiently active adolescents became young adults meeting MVPA guidelines. On average, participants reported 3.0 hours per week of MVPA, which improved to 3.8 hours per week in young adulthood. Among female participants, higher MVPA in adolescence and stronger feelings of exercise compulsion predicted greater odds of meeting adult MVPA guidelines (odds ratioMVPA = 1.18; odds ratiocompulsion = 1.13). Among female and male participants, perceived friend support for activity in adolescence predicted greater odds of meeting adult MVPA guidelines (odds ratiofemale = 1.12; odds ratiomale = 1.26). Conclusions: Insufficiently active adolescents can later meet adult guidelines. Interventions that increase perceived friend support for activity may benefit individuals across development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background A large body of research has established an association between parental support for children's physical activity (PA) and children's PA. However, there has been little attention to the relative influences of parent and child perceptions of that parental support. Purpose To examine agreement among parent and child perceptions of parent support for PA and whether these perceptions are associated with objectively-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among those children. Methods Cross-sectional associations between PA of children measured via accelerometers and child-reported and mother-reported perceptions of parental support for children's PA were assessed via mixed-model regression analyses in a cohort of 693 5th graders. Results Children's perceptions of parental support for PA were consistent with those of their mothers. Nonetheless, in models that included both children's and mothers' perceptions of parental support for PA, mothers' perceptions, but not children's perceptions, were significantly associated with children's PA. Associations were consistent for Total MVPA, After School MVPA, and Evening MVPA, with stronger associations among males than among females. Conclusion Maternal support may influence children's PA. Studies which consider only children's accounts of parental support may overlook important mechanisms., Author(s): Melinda Forthofer[sup.1] , Marsha Dowda[sup.2] , Kerry McIver[sup.2] , Daheia J. Barr-Anderson[sup.3] , Russell Pate[sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University [...]

A narrative systematic review was conducted to describe the available evidence from physical activity (PA) interventions that targeted girls aged 5-18 years and to determine their effectiveness and key characteristics of success. Systematic literature searches were conducted using four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, PsychInfo and SPORTDiscus and by examining the reference lists of included articles and published relevant reviews, to identify studies published in English from 2000 to July 2010. Randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental designs with pre-test and post-test behavioral outcome data (objective or self-report measure) were included. Methodological quality was assessed using a checklist and conclusions were made concerning effectiveness. A total of 29 articles were reviewed, describing the evaluation of 21 interventions. Ten studies reported a favorable intervention effect upon PA outcomes, seven of which were rated as having a high methodological quality. Multi-component school-based interventions that also offer a physical education that address the unique needs of girls seemed to be the most effective. Although family support is revealed as ineffective, peer strategies showed promising evidence. The review finishes highlighting possible intervention strategies and reporting areas where further investigation is required.

The current study examined associations between physical education (PE) class enjoyment and sociodemographic, personal, and perceived school environment factors among early adolescent girls. Participants included 1,511 sixth-grade girls who completed baseline assessments for the Trial of Activity in Adolescent Girls, with 50% indicating they enjoyed PE class a lot. Variables positively associated with PE class enjoyment included physical activity level, perceived benefits of physical activity, self-efficacy for leisure time physical activity, and perceived school climate for girls' physical activity as influenced by teachers, while body mass index was inversely associated with PE class enjoyment. After adjusting for all variables in the model, PE class enjoyment was significantly greater in Blacks than in Whites. In model testing, with mutual adjustment for all variables, self-efficacy was the strongest correlate of PE class enjoyment, followed by perceived benefits, race/ethnicity, and teachers' support for girls' physical activity, as compared to boys, at school. The overall model explained 11% of the variance in PE class enjoyment. Findings suggest that efforts to enhance girls' self-efficacy and perceived benefits and to provide a supportive PE class environment that promotes gender equality can potentially increase PE class enjoyment among young girls. (Contains 4 tables.)

Objectives: This study examines motivations for yoga and identifies unique motivational profiles among a sample of young adult yoga practitioners. This study further determines how young adult yoga practitioners' motivational profiles associate with physical health behaviors and psychological factors. Subjects/Setting: Survey data were drawn from the fourth wave of a large, population-based study (Project EAT-IV; Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults). Design: Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify motivational profiles among Project EAT-IV participants practicing yoga (n = 297; mean age: 30.8--1.7 years; 79.7% female). Cross-sectional associations between latent motivational profiles, physical health behaviors, and psychological factors were determined with unadjusted and adjusted (gender, race/ethnicity, and body mass index) general linear models. Results: Across motivational profiles, most young adult yoga practitioners were motivated by enhanced fitness and stress reduction/relaxation. Additional motivations for yoga clustered by appearance (desire to change body appearance or weight) or mindfulness (desire to increase present moment awareness) underpinnings. The LCA characterized motivational profiles as ''Low Appearance, Low Mindfulness'' (Class 1; n = 77), ''Low Appearance, High Mindfulness'' (Class 2; n = 48), ''High Appearance, Low Mindfulness'' (Class 3; n = 79), and ''High Appearance, High Mindfulness'' (Class 4; n = 93). Having a profile with high mindfulness and low appearance motivations (Class 2) was associated with higher body satisfaction in comparison to the other classes (p < 0.001). Relative to Class 2, those with low mindfulness motivations (Class 1; Class 3) reported less total physical activity (p = 0.002) and those with high appearance motivations (Class 3; Class 4) reported higher compulsive exercise scores (p = 0.002). Conclusions: In this sample, high mindfulness and low appearance motivations for yoga appeared optimal for physical and psychological health. Cross-sectional findings suggest that young adult yoga practitioners' mindbody health may be supported by motivational underpinnings that emphasize yoga's internal (mindfulness) rather than external (appearance) benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. This study sought to describe the health status, health insurance, and health care utilization patterns of the growing population of immigrant Black men. Methods. We used data from the 1997-2000 National Health Interview Survey to examine and then compare health variables of foreign-born Black men with those of US-born Black and White men. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine health outcomes. Results. Foreign-born Black men were in better overall health than their US-born Black counterparts and were much less likely than either US-born Black or White men to report adverse health behaviors. Despite these health advantages, foreign-born Black men were more likely than either US-born Black or White men to be uninsured. Conclusions. In the long term, immigrant Black men who are in poor health may be adversely affected by lack of health care coverage.

This study examined associations of various elements of the home environment with after-school physical activity and sedentary time in 671 6th-grade children (Mage = 11.49 ± 0.5 years). Children's after-school total physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry. Parents completed surveys assessing elements of the home social and physical environment. Mixed-model regression analyses were used to examine the associations between each element of the home environment and children's after-school physical activity and sedentary time. Availability of home physical activity resources was associated positively with after-school total physical activity and negatively with after-school sedentary time in boys. Parental support was associated positively with after-school total physical activity and MVPA and negatively with after-school sedentary time in girls. The home physical environment was associated with boys' after-school physical activity and sedentary time, whereas the home social environment was associated with girls' after-school physical activity and sedentary time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Prior research has found that television viewing is associated with poor diet quality, though little is known about its long-term impact on diet, particularly during adolescence. This study examined the associations between television viewing behavior with dietary intake five years later. Methods Survey data, which included television viewing time and food frequency questionnaires, were analyzed for 564 middle school students (younger cohort) and 1366 high school students (older cohort) who had complete data available at Time 1 (1998–1999) and five years later at Time 2 (mean age at Time 2, 17.2 ± 0.6 and 20.5 ± 0.8 years, respectively). Regression models examined longitudinal associations between Time 1 television viewing behavior and Time 2 dietary intake adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, Time 1 dietary intake, and Time 2 total daily energy intake. Results Respondents were categorized as limited television users (<2 hours/daily), moderately high television viewers (2–5 hours/daily), and heavy television viewers (≥5 hours/daily). Among the younger cohort, Time 1 heavy television viewers reported lower fruit intake and higher sugar-sweetened beverage consumption than the other two groups. Among the older cohort, watching five or more hours of television per day at Time 1, predicted lower intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grain and calcium-rich foods, and higher intakes of trans fat, fried foods, fast food menu items, snack products, and sugar-sweetened beverages (products commonly advertised on television) five years later. Conclusion Television viewing in middle and high school predicted poorer dietary intake five years later. Adolescents are primary targets of advertising for fast food restaurants, snack foods, and sugar-sweetened beverages, which may influence their food choices. Television viewing, especially during high school, may have long-term effects on eating choices and contribute to poor eating habits in young adulthood.

Background: This study explores cross‐sectional associations between yoga and body image, mindful eating, disordered eating, and muscle‐enhancing behaviors among a population‐based sample of ethnically/racially diverse emerging adults. Method: An ethnically/racially diverse population‐based sample of 1,568 emerging adults (18–26 years) completed surveys as part of EAT 2010–2018 (Eating and Activity over Time). Models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and body mass index (BMI). Results: Practicing yoga at least 30 min/week was reported by 12.7% (n = 210) of the sample. Yoga practitioners had higher levels of mindful eating than those not practicing yoga. Although effect sizes were small, yoga practitioners were more likely than non‐yoga practitioners to use steroids (3.8 vs. 0.7%, p <.001, h = 0.22) or protein powder/shakes (35.1 vs. 25.3%, p <.010, h = 0.21) to increase their muscle size/tone. Body satisfaction, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and binge eating tended to be similar among yoga practitioners and non‐yoga practitioners. There was a significant interaction between BMI and yoga in predicting body satisfaction with a trend toward a positive impact among yoga practitioners at higher BMI values. Interactions between yoga practice and all body image attitudes and behaviors across gender and ethnicity/race were not statistically significant. Discussion: Young people from diverse ethnic/racial backgrounds who practice yoga are more likely to engage in mindful eating but have equal or elevated levels of unhealthy body image attitudes and behaviors as compared to non‐yoga practitioners. Further research should explore how yoga is best taught and practiced to ensure that it is beneficial for body image and related behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical activity (PA) declines sharply and rapidly during adolescence, especially among girls, posing a risk for inactivity and obesity in adulthood. This study identified personal, behavioral, and socioenvironmental correlates of concurrent and 6-month longitudinal PA among adolescent girls. Methods: Data were gathered from 356 adolescent girls (mean age 15.8 ± 1.2 years; > 75% racial/ethnic minorities) in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area in 2007-2009. Linear regression analyses controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and school were conducted predicting baseline and follow-up levels of total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) assessed via 3-Day Physical Activity Recall. Models were fit for each correlate individually and for all correlates together, mutually adjusted. Results: For concurrent PA, significant positive predictors when adjusting for the influence of all other variables included self-efficacy, support from friends and teachers, and friends' PA. Total screen time and distance from school to PA resources related inversely to concurrent PA. In mutually-adjusted models, 6-month PA was positively related to self-worth, family support, and parent PA and inversely related to total screen time. Conclusions: PA interventions with adolescent girls might be enhanced by involving adolescents' social networks and also by helping adolescents feel better about their self-worth and athletic abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examines the prevalence of exposure to adverse events and associations with stress levels among a diverse population-based sample of young people. The study further explores whether these vulnerable populations, who have the potential to benefit from the mind–body practice of yoga, engage in a regular yoga practice. Design: EAT 2018 (Eating and Activity over Time) is a population-based study in which survey data were collected from 1568 ethnically/racially diverse (81.2% nonwhite) emerging young adults (mean age: 22.0 ± 2.0 years). Results: Exposure to adverse events was highly prevalent. For example, 43.9% reported at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE) (e.g., physical, emotional, or sexual abuse before age 18), whereas 40.1% reported experiencing discrimination. Exposure to adverse events was associated with higher stress levels. Practicing yoga at least 30 min/week was reported by 12.7% of the population, with variation across sociodemographic characteristics. Young adults exposed to adverse events were either more or similarly likely to practice yoga than young adults not reporting adverse events. Conclusions: The high prevalence of exposure to adverse events and associations with higher levels of stress points to a need for public health interventions. Thus, it was promising to find that young people exposed to adverse events, who may have greater emotional burdens, practice yoga at equal or greater proportions to those without these exposures. Given the potential benefits of yoga for populations living with high stress, it is important to develop further outreach efforts and provide accessible, acceptable, and affordable opportunities for practicing yoga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to promote physical activity in 6th graders by developing and testing the feasibility of an enhanced Presidential Active Lifestyle Award (PALA) program comprised of a peer leadership component and innovative exercise resource toolkit including DVDs. Methods: A racially/ethnically diverse sample of students received the standard PALA program (2 control schools, n = 61) or enhanced PALA+Peers program (2 intervention schools, n = 87) during 2006-2007 academic year. Results: Compared with the control condition, the intervention was successful in increasing moderate physical activity in all students (P = .02) and moderate and hard physical activity among girls (P = .03 and P = .04, respectively). Teachers and students reported a high level of satisfaction and receptivity with the intervention. All teachers thought the DVDs were well-received, and 87% of students reported that they would recommend the enhanced program to peers. Conclusion: Coupling peer leadership and DVDs that promote physical activity may be an effective way to increase youth physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While much is known about the overall levels of physical activity and sedentary activity among youth, few studies have attempted to define clusters of such behaviors. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe unique classes of youth based on their participation in a variety of physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Methods: Latent class analysis was used to characterize segments of youth based on patterns of self-reported and accelerometer-measured participation in 12 behaviors. Children and adolescents (N = 720) from 6th-11th grade were included in the analysis. Differences in class membership were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Three distinct classes emerged for boys and girls. Among boys, the 3 classes were characterized as "Active" (42.1%), "Sedentary" (24.9%), and "Low Media/Moderate Activity" (33.0%). For girls, classes were "Active" (18.7%), "Sedentary" (47.6%), and "Low Media/Functional Activity" (33.7%). Significant differences were found between the classes for a number of demographic indicators including the proportion in each class who were classified as overweight or obese. Conclusions: The behavioral profiles of the classes identified in this study can be used to suggest possible audience segments for intervention and to tailor strategies appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parent-report and child perception of familial support for weight-related behaviors may not be congruent. This research explores whether parent-report or child perception is more strongly associated with child-reported physical activity and television (TV) use. Methods: Elementary school children (n = 73) participating in Ready. Set. ACTION!, a theater-based obesity prevention pilot program in Saint Paul, MN, and their parents completed surveys assessing familial support for physical activity and limitations on TV use in fall 2006. Paired t tests examined congruency between parent-report and child perception. Linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographics explored the associations between familial support and child-reported behavior. Results: Levels of agreement between parent-report and child perception for support for physical activity and limitations on TV use were approximately 70%. Compared with parent-report for physical activity support, child perception was more strongly associated with child physical activity (β = .17, P = .02). Neither parent-report nor child perception for support for limitations on TV use was associated with child TV use. Discussion: Although parent-report and child perception of familial support for physical activity and to limit TV use were similar, child perception was more strongly associated with child physical activity behavior. More research, probably qualitative, is needed to examine how parents and children define and perceive parental support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explores the social work profession's empirical contribution to addressing factors influencing overweight and obesity outcomes among racial-ethnic minority populations in the United States. The high prevalence of obesity in U.S. adults and children, particularly in racial/ethnic minority populations, continues to be an important public health issue. The African American Collaborative Obesity Research Network (AACORN) Expanded Obesity Research Paradigm was used to assess the studies. Constructs in this paradigm identify conceptual and multilevel influences on obesity offering social work practitioners a comprehensive understanding of obesity-related factors in populations of color: cultural and psychosocial processes, historical and social contexts, and physical and economic environments.Methods: A systematic search of obesity-related, social work studies providing data for U.S. racial/ethnic minority populations was conducted in March through July 2013 with updated searches in February 2016 and July 2017.Findings: Identified studies were mostly cross-sectional, offering only a snapshot of factors associated with obesity among racial-ethnic minority populations. Articles addressing factors contributing to overweight/obesity were more likely to discuss cultural and psychosocial features and provided limited information about health behaviors embedded in the daily lives of racial-ethnic groups affecting obesity.Future Directions: Given that social workers' interactions with clients occur in a variety of social services settings, they are in a unique position to assist with developing strategies for facilitating obesity prevention integrating conceptual features outlined by the AACORN paradigm. Practice and policy implications are discussed for social work professionals employed in community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Worksites offer a unique opportunity to increase physical activity in persons with both active and sedentary lifestyles. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine employee and supervisor perspectives on feasibility and acceptability of 10-minute Instant Recess ® physical activity videos in the worksite. METHODS: Convenience sample of public and private worksites in Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN. Employees (n = 187) at 13 worksites were recruited by a one-time email invitation to participate in a group Instant Recess break and complete a 15-question survey. One supervisor per site participated in a one-on-one interview to assess suggestions for feasibility of implementation. Likert-type survey responses were averaged per worksite and overall. Interview results were recorded, transcribed, and coded by two authors. RESULTS: Employees were extremely positive about enjoyment, increased productivity, comfort, and feasibility of doing Instant Recess at the same time and place every day (score = 4.29, 4.17, 4.25, and 4.37 out of 5, respectively). However, they did not feel comfortable leading an Instant Recess break (score = 2.68 out of 5). Supervisors voiced during the one-on-one interviews that they enjoyed Instant Recess (13 out of 13 supervisors), were enthusiastic about Instant Recess as a simple and cost-effective entry into worksite wellness (11 out of 13 supervisors), and felt that Instant Recess could be institutionalized by offering it daily at a set time and place (13 out of 13 supervisors). CONCLUSIONS: Employees and supervisors at various worksites believed that it is feasible and desirable to offer 10-minute physical activity breaks using videos during the workday. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined use of an online social media physical activity (PA) challenge to encourage participants to complete at least 13 races in the year 2013. Following the challenge, researchers recruited participants through the Facebook group. Using the #13in2013 Twitter hashtag, participants completed an online survey. Survey participants reported completing a significantly greater mean total number of races during the challenge (17.5 ± 6.9 races) than the previous year (8.6 ± 7.4 races,p = .001) and 93% (n = 56) reported completing at least 13 races. Participants completed a mean of 1.4 ± 2.1 virtual races. Mean reported number of total miles ran/walked during the challenge was significantly greater (718.4 ± 465.0 miles) than the previous year (462.1 ± 436.5 miles,p = .002). Mean reported participant body weight post-challenge (68.2 ± 13.1 kg) was significantly lower than reported weight pre-challenge (69.7 ± 14.4 kg,p = .012).This study demonstrated that a social media PA challenge has the potential to present a scalable way to motivate individuals to participate in PA and decrease body weight. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose Exergame use (or active video games that promote physical activity [PA]) has the potential to increase PA in youth, but there is a scarcity of information about PA of youth who are current exergamers. The current study examined PA behaviors in exergamers versus nonexergamers. Methods Adolescents (N = 2,793; mean age = 14.4 ± 2.0 years) participating in EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity in Teens) self-reported sociodemographic characteristics and exergaming and PA behavior. Height and weight were measured. Results Both male and female exergamers tended to be younger and black compared with nonexergamers ( p  < .001). Generally, exergamers did not report significantly more PA than nonexergamers, except for female exergamers who engaged in more vigorous PA than female nonexergamers ( p  < .01; 1.3 ± .05 h/wk vs. 1.6 ± .06 h/wk, respectively). Conclusions PA behavior in exergamers is similar to PA behavior in nonexergamers. However, when targeting vigorous PA, exergaming may be an innovative and appealing intervention strategy for adolescent girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdoor recreation areas (ORAs) are key components of healthy communities and are linked with health behaviors, such as physical activity (PA). One way to promote greater use of ORAs, such as trails and parks, may be to increase awareness and improve perceptions of these spaces as safe, low-cost resources for PA. However, relatively few studies have examined the role of awareness of and perceptions about places to be active in ORA use, and even fewer have explored temporal changes in these factors within entire populations. Hence, this study examined differences that occurred across a decade and within demographic subgroups concerning awareness of, perceptions about, and use of ORAs in a Southeastern county. Cross-sectional telephone surveys with independent samples completed in 2000 (n = 1,055) and 2011 (n = 1,011) assessed respondents' perceptions of ORAs, PA levels, and demographic information. Logistic regression analyses and interaction models were used to examine changes in multiple outcome variables across time by demographic subgroups. Awareness of ORAs, perceived safety, and reported use of ORAs were associated with age, race, gender, and education level. Overall awareness of and perceptions about safety and the number of opportunities to be active improved between 2000 and 2011. However, more marked improvements were observed for some demographic groups than for others. Interaction models revealed awareness improved over time for Whites and for younger adults, while perceptions of safety improved among residents who were less educated and those who did not meet PA recommendations. The ORA use declined among females, but increased among males. Results suggested that promotion efforts may need to be directed toward minority populations and that safety may still be a theme to address in ORA use, especially among individuals who are already active elsewhere. For park and recreation practitioners, ongoing efforts to monitor perceptions about parks and recreational services may provide insightful information about to whom to promote use of parks, trails, and other outdoor recreation areas. Examining differences within subgroups across time can help to identify potential priority populations to address in efforts to increase PA and encourage ORA use which in turn may address health disparities and improve public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how physical inactivity is related to increased rate of obesity and overweight among American youth. Topics discussed include physical activity opportunities among adolescent girls, proximity of neighborhood physical activity opportunities, and school-based physical activity intervention.

Context: Recommended daily physical activity accumulated in short intervals (e.g., <10 minutes) may be more feasible and appealing to the relatively sedentary populace than longer bouts. The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of the evidence for the effectiveness of short activity bouts incorporated into organizational routine as part of the regular “conduct of business.” Evidence acquisition: PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched in August 2009 (updated search in February and July 2010) to identify relevant, peer-reviewed journal articles and abstracts on school-, worksite-, and faith-based interventions of short, structurally integrated physical activity breaks. Evidence synthesis: The majority of interventions implemented daily physical activity bouts of 10–15 minutes in length. Schools were the most common settings among the 40 published articles included in this review. The rigor of the studies varied by setting, with more than 75% of worksite versus 25% of school studies utilizing RCT designs. Studies focused on a broad range of outcomes, including academic/work performance indicators, mental health outcomes, and clinical disease risk indicators, in addition to physical activity level. Physical activity was the most commonly assessed outcome in school-based studies, with more than half of studies assessing and observing improvements in physical activity outcomes following the intervention. About a quarter of worksite-based studies assessed physical activity, and the majority found a positive effect of the intervention on physical activity levels. About half of studies also observed improvements in other relevant outcomes such as academic and work performance indicators (e.g., academic achievement, cognitive performance, work productivity); psychosocial factors (e.g., stress, mood); and clinical disease risk indicators (e.g., blood pressure, BMI). The average study duration was more than 1 year, and several reported outcomes at 3–6 years. Conclusions: Interventions integrating physical activity into organizational routine during everyday life have demonstrated modest but consistent benefits, particularly for physical activity, and these are promising avenues of investigation. The proportionately longer-term outcomes available in these studies compared with individual-level studies suggest that physical activity promotion strategies at the organizational level may be more sustainable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Prior research has found that television viewing is associated with poor diet quality, though little is known about its long-term impact on diet, particularly during adolescence. This study examined the associations between television viewing behavior with dietary intake five years later. Methods: Survey data, which included television viewing time and food frequency questionnaires, were analyzed for 564 middle school students (younger cohort) and 1366 high school students (older cohort) who had complete data available at Time 1 (1998-1999) and five years later at Time 2 (mean age at Time 2, 17.2 ± 0.6 and 20.5 ± 0.8 years, respectively). Regression models examined longitudinal associations between Time 1 television viewing behavior and Time 2 dietary intake adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, Time 1 dietary intake, and Time 2 total daily energy intake. Results: Respondents were categorized as limited television users (<2 hours/daily), moderately high television viewers (2-5 hours/daily), and heavy television viewers (=5 hours/daily). Among the younger cohort, Time 1 heavy television viewers reported lower fruit intake and higher sugarsweetened beverage consumption than the other two groups. Among the older cohort, watching five or more hours of television per day at Time 1, predicted lower intakes of fruits, vegetables, whole grain and calcium-rich foods, and higher intakes of trans fat, fried foods, fast food menu items, snack products, and sugar sweetened beverages (products commonly advertised on television) five years later. Conclusion: Television viewing in middle and high school predicted poorer dietary intake five years later. Adolescents are primary targets of advertising for fast food restaurants, snack foods, and sugar-sweetened beverages, which may influence their food choices. Television viewing, especially during high school, may have long-term effects on eating choices and contribute to poor eating habits in young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study explored differences in motivations and barriers for green physical activity (GPA) in a sample of U.S. adults (N = 205). Differences by identity (i.e. gender, sexual identity, disability status, and race/ethnicity) were examined. Participants (33.5 ± 9.2 years, 76.6% female and 7.8% genderqueer/non-conforming, 33.3% LGBTQIA+, 34.1% BIPOC, 10.7% individuals with disabilities) responded to survey measures for motivations/barriers and could provide open-ended motivations/barriers not covered by scales. Genderqueer/non-conforming participants were significantly less motivated by competition/ego, appearance, and others’ expectations (p’s < 0.05). LGBTQIA + participants were overall less motivated to do GPA (p = 0.02). Overall barrier scores were significantly higher for LGBTQIA + participants (p = 0.01) and participants with disabilities (p = 0.02). Qualitative analysis revealed themes outside of the scales for motivators (i.e. GPA integrated into daily life, active citizenship, mental health, and physical activity benefits) and further barriers at all levels (i.e. structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal). Historically excluded groups’ motivators/barriers should be prioritized in GPA-related campaigns and programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black and/or African American (Black/AA) individuals have been historically excluded from research, but the recent uptick in Zoom as a platform for virtual focus groups may lead to increased inclusion of Black/AA participants. Researcher reflections from two physical activity-related studies with Black/AA samples, YogaMoves and Mini-Me, that utilized Zoom to conduct virtual focus groups are presented. ‘Lessons learned’ fall under three themes: participant privacy and session security, technological challenges and time burdens, and participant engagement. The present lessons support past research in the need for participant privacy and security, but add novel insights around engaging and supporting Black/AA participants in virtual focus groups. The authors stress not only the importance of participant engagement and community-building, but the lesson of flexibility and understanding of social context, even when the focus group topic may be seemingly unrelated. These lessons can be used by researchers conducting virtual focus groups, particularly when working with Black/AA populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]