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The concept of mawālī, used to express the non-Arab Muslims who began to enter the Islamic society with the early Islamic conquest movements, constitutes one of the most controversial issues in the history of the Umayyads. Mawālī gained a place in the political, economic, cultural, literary, and scientific fields by integrating into the new society with the "velā" relationship they established with the Arabs. The nature and extent of mawālīs' participation in various fields is one of the current research issues of today's academy. This article does not aim to examine the political, economic, cultural, and literary aspects of the mawālī, but rather to determine the claim made by orientalists in the context of the Umayyad State as "the role of the mawālī in the formation of Islamic sciences" by using the "Prosopography" method through the city of Kūfa, one of the areas of encounter between the Arabs and the mawālī. The article begins with the conceptual background, followed by the historical narrative viewed through influential Orientalists' perspectives, and subsequently discusses Arab scholars' opinions. Finally, it presents the process and findings of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoplastic composite filament materials can be used in the manufacturing method with melted filament, which is among the additive manufacturing methods. Thermoplastic composite filament materials allow obtaining different thermal, chemical, mechanical and surface properties. In this study, PLA filament and PLA-Steel filament materials with approximately 80% by weight of 410L steel powder were compared in terms of impact strength, tensile strength and thermal conductivity properties. As a result of the experiments carried out, the highest impact strength was measured at 14.27 kJ/m2, the highest tensile strength was 41.62 MPa and the highest thermal conductivity was 0.1364 W/mK for PLA material. The highest impact strength was measured at 11.51 kJ/m2, the highest tensile strength was 19.06 MPa and the highest thermal conductivity was 0.2758 W/mK for the steel powder added PLA material. Thus, the impact and tensile strength value of PLA material decreased and the thermal conductivity value increased with the addition of steel powder. Different levels of filling ratio, printing temperature, printing speed and layer thickness printing parameters were used in the production of test specimens. The effects of these pressure parameters on the impact and tensile strength values were investigated. The effects of printing parameters were revealed by the results of ANOVA analysis. In addition, the microstructure of the materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malacca which was founded by Parameswara at the end of the 14th century or the start of the 15th is situated on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula. The Malacca Sultanate, which was established in Malaka and reigned for more than a century, is recognized as one of the Malay Peninsula's most significant states. Malacca's emergence as an international trading center has played a significant role in the spreading of Islam through the Malay Peninsula and the surrounding states. Malacca has successfully attracted traders and scholars from foreign countries who came to run business and teaching Islam. Despite traders and scholars, Malacca's rulers play an important role in the development of Islam in Malacca and the Malay Peninsula through the economy and political strategy. The advent of Islam has influenced Malacca society and Malay Peninsula's states in administration, religious practice, socio-culture, and traditions. Malacca which was inhabited by non-Muslim society shows the impact of Islamic law in the state's main laws which were Undang-Undang Melaka (Malacca Law) and Undang-Undang Laut Melaka (Malacca Maritime Code) after the arrival of Islam. Islamic teaching was actively carried out in Malacca. Sultan would send a messenger to other Sultan in the other Malay states to ask about religious issues. This tradition has been one of the main reasons for the development of Islam in Malacca and the Malay Peninsula. Thus, this article will discuss the arrival and development of Islam in the Malay Peninsula during the Malacca Sultanate era and the impact it has on the states and their society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mawâlî, generally is used for non-Arabs. This group has took negative effect for Umayyad power's politics that is on the side of Arabs. Because, in the period of Umayyad, they were second-class citizens even though they were Muslims. Also, in the period of Abbasid, this group appeared in the areas of politics, sciences and thoughts. Mawâlî had an active role in the process of the sects and some idea's formation. On this context, this article intends to reply to questions concerned with the role of mawâlî's opinion of the sect's formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]