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Abstract Objectives Bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are characterized by specific alterations of mood. In both disorders, alterations in cognitive domains such as impulsivity, decision‐making, and risk‐taking have been reported. Identification of similarities and differences of these domains in BD and MDD could give further insight into their etiology. The present study assessed impulsivity, decision‐making, and risk‐taking behavior in BD and MDD patients from bipolar multiplex families. Methods Eighty‐two participants (BD type I, n = 25; MDD, n = 26; healthy relatives (HR), n = 17; and healthy controls (HC), n = 14) underwent diagnostic interviews and selected tests of a cognitive battery assessing neurocognitive performance across multiple subdomains including impulsivity (response inhibition and delay aversion), decision‐making, and risk behavior. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to analyze whether the groups differed in the respective cognitive domains. Results Participants with BD and MDD showed higher impulsivity levels compared to HC; this difference was more pronounced in BD participants. BD participants also showed lower inhibitory control than MDD participants. Overall, suboptimal decision‐making was associated with both mood disorders (BD and MDD). In risk‐taking behavior, no significant impairment was found in any group. Limitations As sample size was limited, it is possible that differences between BD and MDD may have escaped detection due to lack of statistical power. Conclusions Our findings show that alterations of cognitive domains—while present in both disorders—are differently associated with BD and MDD. This underscores the importance of assessing such domains in addition to mere diagnosis of mood disorders.

Background: Severe cases of lymphopenia have been reported during siponimod clinical trials, which may negatively impact its benefit/risk profile. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the incidence of lymphopenia following the initiation of siponimod treatment in clinical practice. The secondary objectives included the analysis of factors predisposing to and the clinical relevance of lymphopenia events. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, information collected from the medical records of 129 patients with MS from 15 tertiary hospitals in Spain who initiated treatment with Siponimod were followed-up for at least 3 months, including at least one lymphocyte count evaluation per patient. Results: Of the 129 patients, 121 (93.6%) reported lymphopenia events, including 110 (85.3%) with grade ≤ 3 and 11 (8.5%) with grade 4 lymphopenia, higher than those reported in the pivotal clinical trial (73.3% and 3.3% for grade ≤ 3 and grade 4 lymphopenia, respectively). The study included an unexpectedly high proportion of male subjects (72.9%), which might have led to an underestimation of the actual magnitude of the risk. Conclusions: In this study, the incidence and severity of lymphopenia after starting siponimod treatment were higher than those reported in previous clinical trials. Therefore, our results reinforce the need for the closer monitoring of novel MS drugs in clinical practice, as well as larger and longer follow-up studies to properly characterize this risk.

Abstract Having access to parenting interventions in the early years is key to improve the developmental outcomes of children with neurodevelopmental problems. The Incredible Years® (IY) Parent Program is a group intervention that has demonstrated efficacy in terms of reducing stress in parents, as well as improving behavioral, emotional, and social outcomes in children. The program has been recently adapted for families of children with autism or language delays (IY-ASLD®). This intervention has not yet been implemented in the Spanish Public Health System, where there is a scarcity of evidence-based interventions being offered to families with young children presenting neurodevelopmental problems. The main aims of this study are to determine the feasibility of implementing the IY-ASLD® program within Spanish Child Mental Health Services and to examine parents’ acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention. As a secondary objective, we aim to evaluate its preliminary effectiveness in terms of reducing parental stress and behavioral difficulties in their children. The FIRST STEPS study is a multicenter, pilot randomized controlled trial comparing the IY-ASLD® program with a treatment-as-usual (TAU) condition. Approximately 70 families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and preterm children with communication and/or socialization difficulties (aged 2–5 years) will be recruited. Families will be assessed prior to randomization and after the intervention. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the intervention will consist of 22 weekly online sessions (approximately 6 months). The FIRST STEPS pilot trial will demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of reliably implementing the IY-ASLD® program within the Spanish Public Health System. The results of this study could represent the first step to inform policymakers in Spain when designing evidence-based healthcare pathways for families of children presenting ASD symptoms or neurodevelopmental difficulties at early stages. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04358484 . Registered on 04 April 2020

Esta investigación pretende conocer los cambios que provoca un programa de actividad física moderada de 5 meses de duración sobre la condición física (fuerza, flexibilidad y resistencia) en mujeres premenopáusicas. En el estudio participaron mujeres premenopáusicas, separadas en dos grupos: menores de 35 años (n = 10) y mayores de 35 años (n = 10). Para el estudio, se estableció un programa de intervención de aeróbic, clases de step y tonificación, de 5 meses de duración, con una frecuencia semanal de 3 días alternos y con una duración de 60 minutos cada sesión a una intensidad entre el 60-70 % de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima de reserva. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres de menor edad, al finalizar el programa de actividad física, incrementaron la flexibilidad posterior del tronco, la fuerza de prensión de ambas manos, aunque solo mejoraron de forma significativa la flexibilidad anterior del tronco (p

La relación entre ejercicio físico y estado de ánimo es cada vez más importante en las investigaciones. La mayoría informa de los beneficios del ejercicio sobre la salud física, y no sobre el estado de ánimo. Este estudio pretende conocer los cambios que provoca un programa de actividad física aeróbica sobre el estado de ánimo en mujeres premenopáusicas. Participaron 20 mujeres premenopáusicas, separadas en 2 grupos: menores de 35 años (n=10) y mayores de 35 años (n=10). Los sujetos fueron sometidos a una valoración del estado de ánimo antes y al final del programa. El programa de intervención duró 5 meses, con una frecuencia de 3 sesiones por semana y una duración de 60 minutos por sesión. La intensidad del ejercicio fue del 60 - 70% de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima de reserva. Los resultados indican mejoras en el vigor y en la angustia en mujeres mayores de 35 años premenopáusicas, mientras que en las menores de 35 años no hubo cambios significativos. El estudio concluye que un programa de actividad física aeróbica basado en la práctica de aeróbic, step y tonificación mejora el estado de ánimo de mujeres mayores de 35 años premenopáusicas.

This research seeks to determine the effect of a 5-month-long programme of moderate physical activity on the physical fitness (strength, suppleness and stamina) of premenopausal women. The study included premenopausal women who were separated into two groups: those under 35 (n = 10) and those over 35 (n = 10). For the purposes of the study an intervention programme of aerobics, step and toning classes was set up that lasted 5 months with a weekly frequency of 3 alternate days and a duration of 60 minutes for each session at an intensity of between 60-70% of maximum heart rate reserve. The results showed that at the end of the programme of physical activity younger women had increased their posterior trunk suppleness and grip strength in both hands, although they only significantly improved their anterior trunk suppleness (p < 0.05). The older women improved in all fitness parameters and like their younger counterparts only achieved significant changes in their anterior trunk suppleness (p < 0.05). In the comparison between the two age groups, the women over 35 attained a greater improvement with respect to the younger women (p < 0.05) in maximal oxygen consumption and left hand grip strength. The study findings show the potential benefits of the exercise programme used on suppleness in women as well as the relevance of the programme for adult women who lessen the loss of physical condition and cardiorespiratory fitness caused by age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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