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Flerovium (Fl, element 114) is the heaviest element chemically studied so far. To date, its interaction with gold was investigated in two gas-solid chromatography experiments, which reported two different types of interaction, however, each based on the level of a few registered atoms only. Whereas noble-gas-like properties were suggested from the first experiment, the second one pointed at a volatile-metal-like character. Here, we present further experimental data on adsorption studies of Fl on silicon oxide and gold surfaces, accounting for the inhomogeneous nature of the surface, as it was used in the experiment and analyzed as part of the reported studies. We confirm that Fl is highly volatile and the least reactive member of group 14. Our experimental observations suggest that Fl exhibits lower reactivity towards Au than the volatile metal Hg, but higher reactivity than the noble gas Rn.

Nihonium (Nh, element 113) and flerovium (Fl, element 114) are the first superheavy elements in which the 7p shell is occupied. High volatility and inertness were predicted for Fl due to the strong relativistic stabilization of the closed 7p1/2 sub-shell, which originates from a large spin-orbit splitting between the 7p1/2 and 7p3/2 orbitals. One unpaired electron in the outermost 7p1/2 sub-shell in Nh is expected to give rise to a higher chemical reactivity. Theoretical predictions of Nh reactivity are discussed, along with results of the first experimental attempts to study Nh chemistry in the gas phase. The experimental observations verify a higher chemical reactivity of Nh atoms compared to its neighbor Fl and call for the development of advanced setups. First tests of a newly developed detection device miniCOMPACT with highly reactive Fr isotopes assure that effective chemical studies of Nh are within reach.

The isotopic distribution of nuclei produced in the 50Ti + 249Cf reaction has been studied at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, which separates ions according to differences in magnetic rigidity. The bombardment was performed at an energy around the Bass barrier and with the TASCA magnetic fields set for collecting fusion-evaporation reaction products. Fifty-three isotopes located “north-east” of 208Pb were identified as recoiling products formed in non-fusion channels of the reaction. These recoils were implanted with energies in two distinct ranges; besides one with higher energy, a significant low-energy contribution was identified. The latter observation was not expected to occur according to kinematics of the known types of reactions, namely quasi-elastic, multi-nucleon transfer, deep-inelastic collisions or quasifission. The present observations are discussed within the framework of two-body kinematics passing through the formation of a composite system. Keywords: Production of radioactive nuclei, α decay, Multi-nucleon transfer reactions, Quasifission

The new neutron-deficient nuclei 240Es and 236Bk were synthesised at the gas-filled recoil separator RITU. They were identified by their radioactive decay chains starting from 240Es produced in the fusion–evaporation reaction 209Bi(34S,3n)240Es. Half-lives of 6(2)s and 22−6+13s were obtained for 240Es and 236Bk, respectively. Two groups of α particles with energies Eα=8.19(3)MeV and 8.09(3)MeV were unambiguously assigned to 240Es. Electron-capture delayed fission branches with probabilities of 0.16(6) and 0.04(2) were measured for 240Es and 236Bk, respectively. These new data show a continuation of the exponential increase of ECDF probabilities in more neutron-deficient isotopes.

Background: The number of people who access social networking sites continues to increase at an exponential rate. The use of technology is an essential skill for nursing professionals and its development represents a challenge in improving health education, promotion and care. The objective of this systematic review is to analyse the use of social networking sites by healthcare professionals as an intervention tool for evidence-based public health education. Methods: The protocol of this umbrella review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023407249). Searches were carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), and Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, in February 2023. A narrative synthesis of the results was conducted. Results: 1896 articles were found, of which 15 reviews fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Social networks broadened the profession; they were YouTube, X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, and Instagram. The target population was mainly young professionals, and they came across different topic areas that addressed health education. Conclusions: It is important to have information backed by scientific evidence to make health decisions. Health professionals active on social networking sites have a unique opportunity to educate the public about health by sharing scientific evidence in an accessible and clear way, which helps to combat misinformation.

BackgroundFor patients with diabetes mellitus, self-care is crucial because it prevents complications and helps preserve quality of life. Clinicians and researchers require effective tools for assessing self-care behaviors across various dimensions to identify individual needs and maximize resource allocation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI).MethodsTwo hundred eighteen participants with DMT1 and DMT2 who were recruited through convenience sampling from a university hospital participated in our cross-sectional study. After translation and cultural adaptation, the enrolled patients answered the questions. We performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on each of the SCODI scales and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using our models which appropriate fit indices.ResultsThe original structure of the four-dimensions tool was confirmed. The overall consistency across the four scales was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha: self-care maintenance (0.766), self-care monitoring (0.790), self-care management (0.771), and self-care confidence (0.936). The model fit yielded a chi-square index of 1.028 with 773 degrees of freedom. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit, thereby affirming the reliability of the model.ConclusionThe internal consistency and reliability of the SCODI Spanish version are deemed adequate. This tool is appropriate when it is desired to evaluate the self-care practices of Spanish persons suffering from diabetes due to its good psychometric qualities.

Background Anti-PD-1 antibodies have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to induce long-lasting complete remissions in a proportion of patients. Current research efforts are attempting to identify biomarkers and suitable combination partners to predict or further improve the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Antibody-cytokine fusions are a class of pharmaceuticals that showed the potential to boost the anticancer properties of other immunotherapies. Extradomain A-fibronectin (EDA-FN), which is expressed in most solid and hematological tumors but is virtually undetectable in healthy adult tissues, is an attractive target for the delivery of cytokine at the site of the disease.Methods In this work, we describe the generation and characterization of a novel interleukin-7-based fusion protein targeting EDA-FN termed F8(scDb)-IL7. The product consists of the F8 antibody specific to the alternatively spliced EDA of FN in the single-chain diabody (scDb) format fused to human IL-7.Results F8(scDb)-IL7 efficiently stimulates human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Moreover, the product significantly increases the expression of T Cell Factor 1 (TCF-1) on CD8+T cells compared with an IL2-fusion protein. TCF-1 has emerged as a pivotal transcription factor that influences the durability and potency of immune responses against tumors. In preclinical cancer models, F8(scDb)-IL7 demonstrates potent single-agent activity and eradicates sarcoma lesions when combined with anti-PD-1.Conclusions Our results provide the rationale to explore the combination of F8(scDb)-IL7 with anti-PD-1 antibodies for the treatment of patients with cancer.

True ternary fission, the fission of a nucleus into three fragments of nearly equal mass, is an elusive and poorly known process influenced by shell effects. An increase in the probability of this process with respect to binary fission, which is very low in spontaneous and neutron-induced fission, has been envisaged. Heavy-ion-induced reactions are adopted due to the possibility of an increase in the fissility parameter and the excitation energy of the compound nuclei. Nuclei with mass number around A = 250, accessible in heavy-ion-induced reactions, are favorable and should be investigated. It is still debated if the process takes place in a single step, direct ternary fission, or in a two step, sequential ternary fission. The purpose of this work is to define experimental conditions and observables that allow the disentangling of the products from the direct and sequential ternary fission, as well as from the usual most probable binary fission. This step is essential for gaining insights into the ternary fission dynamics and the binary to ternary fission competition. The method proposed here is for simulating the kinematics of the ternary and binary fission processes to compute the energy distributions and angular correlations of direct and sequential ternary fission products, as well as those of binary fission. The reaction taken as a benchmark is 40Ar + 208Pb at 230 MeV and is supposed to form the 248Fm* compound nucleus. The simulation results have been filtered by considering the response function of a multi-coincidence detection system virtually constructed using the Geant4 simulation toolkit. The simulations support the possibility of separating the products of different multimodal fission decays with the proposed setup that consequently represents an effective tool to obtain insights into ternary fission from the observables selected.

Social needs refer to the needs associated with the downstream influence of sociocultural and economic determinants affecting the availability of basic amenities, services, and health and social care programs and policies. Social needs are instrumental in shaping the lives and health behaviours of individuals with multimorbidity. Previous reviews explored the care needs, treatment, and support in individuals with multimorbidity. However, the social needs of this population are poorly understood. This review aimed to develop a comprehensive understanding social needs of individuals living with multimorbidity. A meta-synthesis was conducted. Literature was searched within eight databases including gray literature databases. In total, 31 studies published from January 2010 to May 2023 were included in the synthesis. Thematic synthesis approach was used to develop analytical themes and the themes were then mapped to Bradshaw's (1972) taxonomy of social needs. The felt needs included: Requiring strong social network to combat disease-associated challenges and combat social isolation & Need for readily available health and social care assistance. The expressed and comparative needs included: Need for improved health insurance to compensate for disease related expenses and need for social action to address unfair societal behaviors. Individuals with multimorbidity sought improved social connectedness and access to readily available health and social care resources. Social stigma associated with disease, race, disability, and physical appearance affects the meeting of individuals' general and health care related social needs.

Abstract Background The use of intravenous fluid therapy in patients with major trauma in prehospital settings is still controversial. We conducted an umbrella review to evaluate which is the best volume expansion in the resuscitation of a hemorrhagic shock to support the development of major trauma guideline recommendations. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL up to September 2022 for systematic reviews (SRs) investigating the use of volume expansion fluid on mortality and/or survival. Quality assessment was performed using AMSTAR 2 and the Certainty of the evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results We included 14 SRs investigating the effects on mortality with the comparisons: use of crystalloids, blood components, and whole blood. Most SRs were judged as critically low with slight overlapping of primary studies and high consistency of results. For crystalloids, inconsistent evidence of effectiveness in 28- to 30-day survival (primary endpoint) was found for the hypertonic saline/dextran group compared with isotonic fluid solutions with moderate certainty of evidence. Pre-hospital blood component infusion seems to reduce mortality, however, as the certainty of evidence ranges from very low to moderate, we are unable to provide evidence to support or reject its use. The blood component ratio was in favor of higher ratios among all comparisons considered with moderate to very low certainty of evidence. Results about the effects of whole blood are very uncertain due to limited and heterogeneous interventions in studies included in SRs. Conclusion Hypertonic crystalloid use did not result in superior 28- to 30-day survival. Increasing evidence supports the scientific rationale for early use of high-ratio blood components, but their use requires careful consideration. Preliminary evidence is very uncertain about the effects of whole blood and further high-quality studies are required.

Aim: To analyse recommended interventions for the safe and responsible dissemination of suicidal behaviour in the media for preventive purposes. Background: Suicide is a serious public health problem that leads to more than 700,000 deaths per year, which translates into one death every forty seconds. The media play a significant role in shaping public perceptions and reflecting societal issues. Because of its active role in the construction of reality, the way in which the media report and expose suicidal behaviour has the capacity to influence the population in either a preventive or harmful way. Design: An umbrella review was carried out and a report was written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews. Methods: We systematically searched for reviews published from inception to February 2023 in MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL and PsycInfo (via EBSCOhost), Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A narrative synthesis of the results was conducted. Results: Six systematic reviews with a moderate to high quality level were selected. Among the recommended interventions were the inclusion of positive messages of hope, resilience, or of overcoming the event, narratives with information on available resources or the promotion of support-seeking attitudes as an effective prevention mechanism, as well as the avoidance of repetitive reporting of the same suicide. The appropriate and responsible dissemination of information on suicidal behaviour in the media with complete and up-to-date information on available centres, organisations, institutions, and resources has proven to be effective, especially in vulnerable populations. Conclusion: Educating and training the media in an appropriate approach to disseminating suicidal behaviour helps to reduce the number of suicidal behaviours. Knowing what information is advisable to include in the news item as well as what information to avoid is a strong point. Guidelines to promote responsible media reporting are a key component of suicide prevention strategies. This study was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 23 April 2022 with the registration number CRD42022320393.

“Beta beams” produce collimated pure electron (anti)neutrino beams by accelerating beta active ions to high energies and having them decay in a racetrack shaped storage ring of 7 km circumference, the decay ring. EUROnu beta beams are based on CERN infrastructures and existing machines. Using existing machines may be an advantage for the cost evaluation, but will also constrain the physics performance. The isotope pair of choice for the beta beam is ^{6}He and ^{18}Ne. However, before the EUROnu studies one of the required isotopes, ^{18}Ne, could not be produced in rates that satisfy the needs for physics of the beta beam. Therefore, studies of alternative beta emitters, ^{8}Li and ^{8}B, with properties interesting for a beta beam have been proposed and have been studied within EUROnu. These alternative isotopes could be produced by using a small storage ring, in which the beam traverses a target, creating the ^{8}Li and ^{8}B isotopes. This production ring, the injection linac and the target system have been evaluated. Measurements of the cross section of the reactions to produce the beta beam isotopes show interesting results. A device to collect the produced isotopes from the target has been developed and tested. However, the yields of ^{8}Li and ^{8}B, using the production ring for production of ^{8}Li and ^{8}B, is not yet, according to simulations, giving the rates of isotopes that would be needed. Therefore, a new method of producing the ^{18}Ne isotope has been developed and tested giving good production rates. A 60 GHz ECRIS prototype, the first in the world, was developed and tested for ion production with contributions from EUROnu. The decay ring lattices for the ^{8}Li and ^{8}B have been developed and the lattice for ^{6}He and ^{18}Ne has been optimized to ensure the high intensity ion beam stability.

The EUROnu project has studied three possible options for future, high intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. The first is a Super Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of pions created by bombarding targets with a 4 MW proton beam from the CERN High Power Superconducting Proton Linac. The far detector for this facility is the 500 kt MEMPHYS water Cherenkov, located in the Fréjus tunnel. The second facility is the Neutrino Factory, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of μ^{+} and μ^{-} beams in a storage ring. The far detector in this case is a 100 kt magnetized iron neutrino detector at a baseline of 2000 km. The third option is a Beta Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of beta emitting isotopes, in particular ^{6}He and ^{18}Ne, also stored in a ring. The far detector is also the MEMPHYS detector in the Fréjus tunnel. EUROnu has undertaken conceptual designs of these facilities and studied the performance of the detectors. Based on this, it has determined the physics reach of each facility, in particular for the measurement of CP violation in the lepton sector, and estimated the cost of construction. These have demonstrated that the best facility to build is the Neutrino Factory. However, if a powerful proton driver is constructed for another purpose or if the MEMPHYS detector is built for astroparticle physics, the Super Beam also becomes very attractive.

BackgroundThe Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale (HFSPS) is an instrument that examine the existence and gravity of physical signs and symptoms in patients with heart failure, as well as early and subtle symptoms of HF that have clinical value, we aimed to translate and adapt the HFSPS from English to Spanish and evaluate the psychometric properties.MethodHFSPS translation and back translation were carried out according to the method established by of Beaton et al. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test the factor structures. To assess criterion-related validity, HFSPS factor scores were correlated with Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) scores using the Spearman correlation method. The reliability of the internal consistency of the HFSPS was determined by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the factor score determination coefficient.ResultsData from 173 patients with a mean age of 80.7 years (SD 9.1), women (51.1%), were analyzed. The majority (74.7%) were NYHA class II/III. The confirmatory factor analysis of four factors after eliminating one item showed fit indices close to the recommended indices: χ2 = 169.237, p 0.71 and poor 0.52 for chest discomfort with two items. The internal consistency index based on the model was 0.850.ConclusionThe Spanish version of the HFSPS is a valid and reliable instrument that that would be feasible to use in clinical and research setting to evaluate in the perception of symptoms in patients with heart failure.

Abstract Background A structured approach involves systematic management of trauma patients. We aim to conduct an overview of reviews about the clinical efficacy and safety of structured approach (i.e., primary and secondary survey) by guideline checklist compared to non-structured approach (i.e. clinical examination); moreover, routine screening whole-body computer tomography (WBCT) was compared to non-routine WBCT in patients with suspected major trauma. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to 3 May 2022. Systematic reviews (SRs) that investigated the use of a structured approach compared to a non-structured approach were eligible. Two authors independently extracted data, managed the overlapping of primary studies belonging to the included SRs and calculated the corrected covered area (CCA). The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Results We included nine SRs investigating two comparisons in stable trauma patients: structured approach vs non-structured approach (n = 1) and routine WBCT vs non-routine WBCT (n = 8). The overlap of included primary studies was generally high across outcomes (CCA ranged between 20.85 and 42.86%) with some discrepancies in the directions of effects across reviews. The application of a structured approach by checklist may improve adherence to guidelines (e.g. Advanced Trauma Life Support) during resuscitation and might lead to a reduction in mortality among severely injured patients as compared to clinical examination (Adjusted OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.30–0.89; p = 0.018; low certainty of evidence). The use of routine WBCT seems to offer little to no effects in reducing mortality and time spent in emergency room or department, whereas non-routine WBCT seems to offer little to no effects in reducing radiation dose, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) and hospital LOS (low-to-moderate certainty of evidence). Conclusions The application of structured approach by checklist during trauma resuscitation may improve patient- and process-related outcomes. Including non-routine WBCT seems to offer the best trade-offs between benefits and harm. Clinicians should consider these findings in the light of their clinical context, the volume of patients in their facilities, the need for time management, and costs.

Many observations strongly support the hypothesis that nuclei may fission through several independent fission modes (multimodal fission) interpreted as different prescission shapes and fission paths in a multidimensional potential energy landscape where shell effects are dominant. Mass distributions of the fission fragments are sensitive to the potential energy landscape and appear to be single humped (symmetric) or double humped (asymmetric). In many cases a mixture of both modes is observed. We propose here our study on 180Hg. Binary fission fragments formed in the reaction 68Zn + 112Sn → 180Hg at different excitation energies around the Coulomb barrier were detected using the double-arm time-of-flight technique with the spectrometers CORSET. The experiment was performed at JYFL (Jyvaskyla, Finland). We will discuss an analysis of the mass distributions in terms of fission modes predicted by a five-dimensional fission model. We have found out that the mass distributions can be well reproduced by considering a symmetric fission mode and two asymmetric modes at (AL ≈ 80, AH ≈ 100) and (AL ≈ 70 and AH ≈ 110).

The heaviest currently known nuclei, which have up to 118 protons, have been produced in Ca48 induced reactions with actinide targets. Among them, the element tennessine (Ts), which has 117 protons, has been synthesized by fusing Ca48 with the radioactive target Bk249, which has a half-life of 327 d. The experiment was performed at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA. Two long and two short α decay chains were observed. The long chains were attributed to the decay of Ts294. The possible origin of the short-decay chains is discussed in comparison with the known experimental data. They are found to fit with the decay chain patterns attributed to Ts293. The present experimental results confirm the previous findings at the Dubna Gas-Filled Recoil Separator on the decay chains originating from the nuclei assigned to Ts.

The heaviest currently known nuclei, which have up to 118 protons, have been produced in Ca48 induced reactions with actinide targets. Among them, the element tennessine (Ts), which has 117 protons, has been synthesized by fusing Ca48 with the radioactive target Bk249, which has a half-life of 327 d. The experiment was performed at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA. Two long and two short α decay chains were observed. The long chains were attributed to the decay of Ts294. The possible origin of the short-decay chains is discussed in comparison with the known experimental data. They are found to fit with the decay chain patterns attributed to Ts293. The present experimental results confirm the previous findings at the Dubna Gas-Filled Recoil Separator on the decay chains originating from the nuclei assigned to Ts.