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Societal Impact Statement Summary Bananas are nutritious fruits of major importance worldwide. Characterizing their diversity is essential to ensure their conservation and use. A catalog showcasing cultivated bananas genomic diversity was compiled and is to be used as a tool to support the classification of banana cultivars. This research revealed that cultivated banana groups are not all made of identical clones. Materials from recent collecting missions indicated that more banana diversity is expected to be found as the exploration of the banana gene pool continues. These discoveries will drive dynamic conservation strategies for banana genetic resources and should increase their use. Banana is an important food crop cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Because banana cultivars often have low fertility, they are typically propagated clonally, which maintains desirable traits across generations. However, different factors, such as synonymy, incomplete passport data, and environmental effects, complicate the morphological‐based assignment of banana cultivars to specific clones or cultivar groups. In this study, we applied a previously developed genomic‐based tool for fine‐scale characterization of banana ancestry, known as in silico chromosome painting, to high‐throughput genotyping data from 317 banana accessions. This dataset covers most of the globally conserved, studied, and cultivated cultivar groups and includes both genebanks and new, uncharacterized materials. By comparing curated morphological assignation to the genomic patterns resulting from in silico chromosome painting, we compiled a diversity catalog referencing curated passport data, pictures, and chromosome painting patterns of the cultivar groups. Examining the genomic patterns obtained, intra‐cultivar group variability was discovered. In some cultivar groups, mitotic recombination or deletions accumulated clonally. In addition, at least four cultivar groups encompassed cultivars from distinct sexual events co‐existing, notably Pisang Awak with five distinct patterns across two ploidy levels. Finally, additional patterns were discovered in the newest materials of the set, showing that a wider diversity of clones still exists on farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characterization of objects of historical and cultural interest represents a crucial topic, specifically when it regards gemstones. Actually, the advanced investigation of precious minerals of gemological interest requires exclusively non-destructive analyses which are also suitable for determining their provenance when it is unknown. In this study, a non-destructive analytical protocol, previously tested on diamonds for petrogenetic studies, has been applied to a natural diamond of very high historical and gemological value, donated in 1852 by Monsignor Lavinio de 'Medici Spada to the Museum of Earth Sciences of Sapienza University (Rome). The analytical protocol used includes X-ray diffraction topography, micro-computed X-ray tomography, single-crystal micro-X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show the presence of dislocations originating from inclusions and a very low degree of plastic deformation. The aggregation states of its N impurities show that this diamond is type IaAB, while the inclusions consist of olivine (Fo92-93), suggesting a lithospheric origin. The historical references found in the catalogs of the Museum indicate only a Brazilian origin, without any reference to the mining district. The information acquired in this study, enhanced by document research on mining in Brazil since 1700, suggests that the diamond likely comes from the district of Diamantina, Mina Gerais, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an automated novel approach we conduct a reproducible systematic survey of electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave activity detected by Van Allen Probe B during the time period 2013 January 1–2019 July 15. We identify approximately 500 hr of EMIC wave activity, an occurrence rate of ∼ 0.85%. Accounting for satellite dwell time, we find that EMIC waves preferentially occur on the dayside, between 9 and 15 magnetic local time. This is true for both the H+ and He+wavebands. Higher amplitude waves are found at higher values of L shell, while weaker waves occur at low L. The highest amplitudes are concentrated at high L near dawn and dusk. It is also found that EMIC wave occurrence is enhanced during periods of strong geomagnetic activity, with an occurrence rate of 2.7%. During storm times, waves preferentially occur in the afternoon and early evening sectors. The full list of electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave detection times and their properties is made publicly available to the community. This provides a reference catalog for comparison with other magnetospheric phenomena and other wave databases. Plain Language Summary: Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) waves are found throughout Earth's magnetosphere and the solar system. These waves in Earth's magnetosphere interact with the ring current and radiation belt population and push these particles into our atmosphere. Thus, it is useful to know when and where these waves occur. In this paper, we present a new approach toward identifying these waves in large data sets. Using this new approach, we identified 500 hr of EMIC waves from the Van Allen Probe B data set between Jan 2013–July 2019. Our catalog of events follows similar statistics found for EMIC waves by others, validating our methodology. Like others, we found that the waves occur more frequently on the dayside of the Earth. Higher amplitude waves were found at greater distances from the Earth, close to the edge of the magnetosphere. It was also found that the wave activity was greater during periods of geomagnetic activity than during quiet conditions. And in the interest of open science, we have made both the detection code and the list of waves available to the public. Key Points: We conduct a survey of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves detected by Van Allen Probe B between 2013 January 1–2019 July 15The overall EMIC wave occurrence rate was ∼0.85% with a dayside preference. Stronger waves are found at higher L shells and during stormsThe full list of EMIC wave detection times and their properties is made publicly available to the community, along with the methodology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specialized reference works operate as catalysts and organizers of the terminological processes involved in the evolution of specialized concepts. This research aims to identify the term 'knowledge organization system' records and its synonymous or similar expressions in dictionaries, glossaries, vocabularies, and encyclopedias specialized in KO published over time. The research is qualitative and constitutes a study of punctual terminology, which introduces the perspective of dictionarization studies. The results yield fourteen terms representing more or less the same concept registered in the twelve reference works found. Among other conclusions, it is assumed that there has been progress towards terminological unification around the expression 'knowledge organization system'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the similarities and differences between the two ontologies based on different conceptual models that can be used in archival knowledge organization systems. The first model, RiC-CM, was developed by the International Council on Archives and focuses on producing administrative records. It is complemented by his ontology, RiC-O, and together, they enable the identification and description of records, the agents involved in their creation and use, and the activities that the records facilitate and document. The second model, CIDOC-CRM, also an ontology, was developed by the International Council of Museums and provides guidelines for formally modeling artifacts and cultural heritage. Since archives can contain documents with artistic value, the CIDOC-CRM model can also be used to represent these records. The research investigates how concepts in the domain of the record can be defined in CIDOC-CRM and RiC-O and identify semantic approximations and divergences between the two ontologies. We analyzed its classes, attributes, relations, and relations attributes, and correspondence was proposed when possible. This ongoing work has been conducted since 2017 and seeks to understand the application of ontological models in records management and archival knowledge organization systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the classification of Chinese Buddhist scripture catalogs, employing advanced deep learning methods to develop an automatic classification mechanism. Chinese Buddhist scripture catalogs serve as vital tools for organizing and retrieving Buddhist literature, facilitating research in the field. However, with the continuous addition of new texts and the need to adapt to modern academic research requirements, traditional manual classification methods have become time-consuming and less effective. In this study, we aim to address this challenge by harnessing the power of deep learning techniques. Our research not only involves the integration of new literature into existing catalog structures but also explores the reasons behind misclassifications in these catalogs. Additionally, we examine the inherent connections between different categories of scriptures to provide a comprehensive understanding of the catalog structure. Our contributions in this research encompass: 1. Automatic Classification: We pioneer the use of deep learning methods for the classification of Buddhist scripture catalogs, allowing for faster and more accurate categorization of texts. This automated approach significantly enhances the efficiency of catalog management. 2. Error Analysis: We delve into the reasons behind misclassifications in the catalogs, shedding light on common pitfalls and misconceptions in traditional classification methods. 3. Interconnections: We uncover the original interrelationships between different categories of scriptures, offering valuable insights for adjusting and optimizing the catalog structure to align with contemporary research needs. 4. Practical Application: The research findings are adopted by the CBETA research group as a reference tool for the cataloging of new literature in future editions of the Tripitaka, ensuring that the catalog remains up-to-date and relevant. This research is a significant step towards modernizing the management of Chinese Buddhist scripture catalogs, making them more efficient, accurate, and adaptable to the evolving landscape of Buddhist literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The pediatric population worldwide bears a significant morbidity and death burden due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Human Orthopneumovirus, sometimes referred to as the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV), is one of the main causes of ARIs in infants. The main goal of this study was to identify the genetic diversity of HRSV strains that were circulating in the Iranian population at a certain time of year. Materials and Methods: Two hundred youngsters less than 12 years old with acute respiratory infections had samples taken from their throat and pharynx secretions. Then, external and hemi-nested PCR were employed, using specific primers targeting the G gene region to detect HRSV. Subsequently, nine randomly selected positive samples were subjected to sequencing. The results were then compared with reference strains cataloged in GeneBank, and phylogenetic tree was constructed using Chromes and MEGA7. Results: Out of 200 samples, 34 were identified as containing HRSV. Subgroup A was predominant, accounting for 61.76% of cases, followed by subgroup BA (35.29%) and subgroup B (2.94%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed five samples associated with subtype B and four with genotype A. Genomic analysis showed three samples under the GA2 subgroup and one under GA1 for subtype A, and four samples in subgroup BA and one in GB2 for subtype B. Conclusion: In this study, subgroup A strains, particularly genotype GA2, exhibited a higher prevalence compared to subgroup B strains during the specific period under investigation, shedding light on the genetic landscape of HRSV in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious moderation, believed to be the solution to radicalism in Indonesia, has a real obstacle in terms of a tendency to use English language references. Meanwhile, they are considered to be full of liberalization and pro-Western politics. This research examined the insertion of religious moderation through Arabic language references. It aimed to offer religious moderation with more comprehensive Arabic religious references on religious materials. The research was qualitative and used a case study method. The subjects were nine lecturers and seven students from the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Malang, who were selected purposively. The research found that religious moderation was inserted into the religious material through CLO, teaching materials with original Arabic texts, and the learning process. The three insertion models were chosen to follow instructions from university leaders, introduce the terminology of religious moderation from Arabic and non-Arabic language references, and ground religious moderation among students. Besides, using original Arabic text references is quite effective and grows students' confidence. This research suggested that when inserting religious moderation, especially at PTKI, we should include Arabic references because it has been proven to increase students' confidence effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalogs of refactoring have key importance in software maintenance and evolution, since developers rely on such documents to understand and perform refactoring operations. Furthermore, these catalogs constitute a reference guide for communication between practitioners since they standardize a common refactoring vocabulary. Fowler's book describes the most popular catalog of refactorings, which documents single and well‐known refactoring operations. However, sometimes, refactorings are composite transformations, that is, a sequence of refactorings is performed over a given program element. For example, a sequence of Extract Method operations (a single refactoring) can be performed over the same method, in one or in multiple commits, to simplify its implementation, therefore, leading to a Method Decomposition operation (a composite refactoring). In this paper, we propose and document a catalog with eight composite refactorings. We also implement a set of scripts to mine composite refactorings by preprocessing the results of refactoring detection tools. Using such scripts, we search for composites in a representative refactoring oracle with hundreds of confirmed single refactoring operations. Next, to complement this first study, we also search for composites in the full history of 10 well‐known open‐source projects. We characterize the detected composite refactorings, under dimensions such as size and location. We conclude by addressing the applications and implications of the proposed catalog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microhistological technique is the most popular methodology used to determine the wild and domestic ungulates diet; its success depends on the development of a reliable reference catalog. Objective: To describe and analyze the epidermal structures of the plants available for wild and domestic ungulates in Sonora, Mexico, using the microhistological technique. Methodology: A comprehensive collection of the plants available for wild and domestic ungulates was carried out at UMA Rancho Noche Buena, in order to subsequently identify their genus and species. Plant structures were analyzed with the modified microhistological technique, scraping the beam and underside cuticle of leaf plants. In addition, at least one photograph was taken to characterize them. Results and Discussion: The epidermal structures of 95.95% of the analyzed plants were observed with the microhistological technique and its modification. The distinctive structures of 74 plant species were identified, in order to describe the main characteristics of each species. A catalog of microhistological references was developed from the data collected; it included information about the morphology and arrangement of structures such as: epidermal cells, stomata and trichrome. A difference was found between the beam and underside of the leaves in 23% of the species. Conclusion: A reliable microhistological reference catalog should consider possible differences between the beam and underside of the leaves of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring seismicity in real time provides significant benefits for timely earthquake warning and analyses. In this study, we propose an automatic workflow based on machine learning (ML) to monitor seismicity in the southern Sichuan Basin of China. This workflow includes coherent event detection, phase picking, and earthquake location using three-component data from a seismic network. By combining PhaseNet, we develop an ML-based earthquake location model called PhaseLoc, to conduct real-time monitoring of the local seismicity. The approach allows us to use synthetic samples covering the entire study area to train PhaseLoc, addressing the problems of insufficient data samples, imbalanced data distribution, and unreliable labels when training with observed data. We apply the trained model to observed data recorded in the southern Sichuan Basin, China, between September 2018 and March 2019. The results show that the average differences in latitude, longitude, and depth are 5.7 km, 6.1 km, and 2 km, respectively, compared to the reference catalog. PhaseLoc combines all available phase information to make fast and reliable predictions, even if only a few phases are detected and picked. The proposed workflow may help real-time seismic monitoring in other regions as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are significant environmental and health concerns associated with the current inefficient plastic recycling process. This study presents the first integrated reference catalog of plastic-contaminated environments obtained using an insilico workflow that could play a significant role in discovering new plastizymes. Here, we combined 66 whole metagenomic data from plastic-contaminated environment samples from four previously collected metagenome data with our new sample. In this study, an integrated plastic-contaminated environment gene, protein, taxa, and plastic degrading enzyme catalog (PDEC) was constructed. These catalogs contain 53,300,583 non-redundant genes and proteins, 691 metagenome-assembled genomes, and 136,654 plastizymes. Based on KEGG and eggNOG annotations, 42% of recognized genes lack annotations, indicating their functions remain elusive and warrant further investigation. Additionally, the PDEC catalog highlights hydrolases, peroxidases, and cutinases as the prevailing plastizymes. Ultimately, following multiple validation procedures, our effort focused on pinpointing enzymes that exhibited the highest similarity to the introduced plastizymes in terms of both sequence and three-dimensional structural aspects. This encompassed evaluating the linear composition of constituent units as well as the complex spatial conformation of the molecule. The resulting catalog is expected to improve the resolution of future multi-omics studies, providing new insights into plastic-pollution related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Italian Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Filología Clásica: Estudios Latinos is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human gut microbiota is associated with human health and disease, and is known to have the second-largest genome in the human body. The microbiota genome is important for their functions and metabolites; however, accurate genomic access to the microbiota of the human gut is hindered due to the difficulty of cultivating and the shortcomings of sequencing technology. Therefore, we applied the stLFR library construction method to assemble the microbiota genomes and demonstrated that assembly property outperformed standard metagenome sequencing. Using the assembled genomes as references, SNP, INDEL, and HGT gene analyses were performed. The results demonstrated significant differences in the number of SNPs and INDELs among different individuals. The individual displayed a unique species variation spectrum, and the similarity of strains within individuals decreased over time. In addition, the coverage depth analysis of the stLFR method shows that a sequencing depth of 60X is sufficient for SNP calling.HGT analysis revealed that the genes involved in replication, recombination and repair, mobilome prophages, and transposons were the most transferred genes among different bacterial species in individuals. A preliminary framework for human gut microbiome studies was established using the stLFR library construction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the references and allusions of author Samuel Beckett to John Donne. Other topics include the unique mode of metaphysical poetry of Donne, how he dramatized the futility of romance, love, and erotic desire, as well as the philosophical and artistic perspective on inwardness and uncertainty.

In assessing the energy performance of buildings, the thermal performance of the structural components and building materials is crucial. Although reference catalogs are used to determine the thermal properties of construction materials, the use of novel materials or non-homogeneous mixtures, particularly with biomaterials, demands the development of new instruments that are capable of performing rapid, accurate and cost-effective thermal characterization. This study introduces the ambient hot-box, a new tool for measuring the thermal properties of construction components and heterogeneous materials. The paper provides a methodology for measuring a sample's benchmark and fresh materials using a streamlined hot-box-based instrument. Utilizing samples as a benchmark material, the new instrument is assessed, yielding transmittance values with errors below 4%. The electronic circuits, measurements techniques and instrument implementation are all described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous people have used architecture over millennia to adapt to climatic factors and achieve stable and comfortable living. These adaptations can still inform the design of contemporary regional architecture. In order to explore the relationship between traditional dwellings and climatic factors, we examine buildings in four provinces and cities in southwest China. A database was created using detailed data obtained from the literature on indicators of climatic factors (e.g., temperature, precipitation, temperature difference, wind speed, solar radiation) and architectural elements (e.g., roof slope and eave length). Thorough statistical analysis shows that (1) MPWM has the most significant correlation with the slope angle of traditional building roofs but is not recommended as a predictor in multivariate equations. (2) Temperature and wind speed were significant correlates of roof slope, and a multiple regression model dominated by AMT and AWS serves as a good predictor of roof slope. (3) Solar radiation was not correlated with roof slope but was the largest correlate of eaves length in traditional buildings. AMSR and AWS also dominantly affect eaves length in a regression relationship. These results serve not only as a reference to catalog the use of traditional passive technologies but can guide the design of green buildings. However, more research is needed to refine the use of passive technologies to adapt to climate change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since July 2019 the Africa Multiple Cluster of Excellence at the University of Bayreuth has been funding a project dedicated to the creation of an Islamic Cultural Archive (ICA), a database designed for collaborative research in English, French and Arabic connecting researchers based in Germany and four African countries. The ICA pursues individual but interconnected studies revolving around Islamic learning in Africa. With the support of IT specialists, the project team developed a platform that allows us to handle our data through an ontology-based digital research environment building on WissKI, a set of modules that combines the Drupal content management system with semantic web technology. This article discusses the technical implications of our endeavour to connect diverse languages and data from various digital and digitized media. The research team members link their datasets to create synergies between various research foci and interests, ranging from the nexus of Islamic knowledge production, dissemination and acquisition to the socio-religious, political-economic, and cultural dimensions of Islamic learning. The article shows how our platform allows us to collect and archive different types of data, generate metadata through a shared ontology, and connect data beyond language barriers. Most notably, our data description method links the data through multilayered and multilingual tags, as well as through comprehensive cross-references, thus constituting an innovative way of data handling that can benefit researchers in Islamic Studies as well as cultural and literary studies more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Roca: Revista Científico-Educacional de la Provincia de Granma is the property of Universidad de Granma, Departamento Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the issues of cross-identification of sources from various astronomical catalogs. One of the main problems under consideration is how to cross-identify a large number of catalogs in a selected region in the sky when there is no reference source catalog? For cross-identification of large amounts of data, it is proposed to use the DBSCAN group search algorithm. A special program code "cross-match.online" has been developed, which works in online and offline modes, which allows you to automate the process of cross-identification of sources across a variety of catalogs. The paper deals with the issues of comparing catalogs with different source densities, resolving uncertainties in cross-identification, and also taking into account the uncertainty of source positions. A technique is proposed that makes it possible to cross-identify catalogs with different source densities and different position uncertainty values. Open access to the system is provided at https://cross-match.online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne bacteria are an influential component of the Earth’s microbiomes, but their community structure and biogeographic distribution patterns have yet to be understood. We analyzed the bacterial communities of 370 air particulate samples collected from 63 sites around the world and constructed an airborne bacterial reference catalog with more than 27 million nonredundant 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. We present their biogeographic pattern and decipher the interlacing of the microbiome co-occurrence network with surface environments of the Earth. While the total abundance of global airborne bacteria in the troposphere (1.72 × 1024 cells) is 1 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of other habitats, the number of bacterial taxa (i.e., richness) in the atmosphere (4.71 × 108 to 3.08 × 109) is comparable to that in the hydrosphere, and its maximum occurs in midlatitude regions, as is also observed in other ecosystems. The airborne bacterial community harbors a unique set of dominant taxa (24 species); however, its structure appears to be more easily perturbed, due to the more prominent role of stochastic processes in shaping community assembly. This is corroborated by the major contribution of surface microbiomes to airborne bacteria (averaging 46.3%), while atmospheric conditions such as meteorological factors and air quality also play a role. Particularly in urban areas, human impacts weaken the relative importance of plant sources of airborne bacteria and elevate the occurrence of potential pathogens from anthropogenic sources. These findings serve as a key reference for predicting planetary microbiome responses and the health impacts of inhalable microbiomes with future changes in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large earthquakes have repeatedly occurred from Hokkaido to the Kamchatka Peninsula along the Kuril Trench. First, we confirmed the successive occurrence of large earthquakes of similar magnitude in nearby regions and within a short time interval using earthquake catalogs issued by international organizations. The searching criteria was whether a succeeding earthquake (Mw ≥ 7.75) had occurred within 500 km and 3 years of a preceding earthquake (Mw ≥ 7.70) in the period between 1890 and 2014. The pairs of successively occurring earthquakes were the June 1893 and March 1894 earthquakes, the September and November 1918 earthquakes, the October 1963 earthquakes, the October 1994 and December 1995 earthquakes, and the November 2006 and January 2007 earthquakes. These 5 pairs among the 21 large earthquakes were identified the successively occurring large earthquakes. Next, we tried to relocate the epicenters of the 1918 earthquakes because their epicenters had been changed in the version of the earthquake catalog referenced. We re-read the arrival times of the P and S waves from the seismograms of Japan Meteorological Agency and estimated the epicenters for the 1918 earthquakes from S-P times. The epicenters were a relative offset of about 160 km and the September event was near the epicenter of the 2006 Kuril earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 20 species of bumblebees are reported in South America, nine of them in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. They are known to be important pollinators, but their distribution has been decreasing due to increasing land use change; this has caused an impoverishment of Andean ecosystems. Identifying and protecting the floral resources used by wild bees is key in the management of wild areas to mitigate the impact of human activities in highly intervened areas such as cities or crops. Pollen analysis is an important tool to preserve floral resources used by bees, but it depends on having pollen catalogs that allow adequate taxonomic identifications. The objective of this study was to develop a pollen catalog of plants used by three of the most common Andean bumblebees, Bombus rubicundus, B. hortulanus and B. pauloensis. Sampling was conducted in six localities of the Bogotá savanna, covering an altitudinal gradient between 2600 and 3500 m a. s. l. Floral samples from all localities were prepared by acetolysis, and then analyzed. A reference catalog was digitized from the pollen extracted from the body of workers of each bumblebee species. Pollen grains were described according to their size and morphology. The similarity of the resources used by the different bumblebee species was compared using Jaccard's similarity and distance index. Pollen grains from 99 plants were isolated, identified and described, with Taraxacum officinale, Vallea stipularis, Senna multiglandulosa, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens being the pollen sources shared by all species. The most generalist species and the one that used the most exotic plants was B. pauloensis. An illustrated pollen catalog is provided with all the resources used by the bees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Scarabaeidae insect Protaetia brevitarsis (PB) has recently gained increasing research interest as a resource insect because its larvae can effectively convert decaying organic matter to plant growth-promoting frass with a high humic acid content and produce healthy, nutritional insect protein sources. Lignocellulose is the main component of PB larvae (PBL) feed, but PB genome annotation shows that PBL carbohydrate-active enzymes are not able to complete the lignocellulose degradation process. Thus, the mechanism by which PBL efficiently degrade lignocellulose is worthy of further study. Results: Herein, we used combined host genomic and gut metagenomic datasets to investigate the lignocellulose degradation activity of PBL, and a comprehensive reference catalog of gut microbial genes and host gut transcriptomic genes was first established. We characterized a gene repertoire comprising highly abundant and diversified lignocellulose-degrading enzymes and demonstrated that there was unique teamwork between PBL and their gut bacterial microbiota for efficient lignocellulose degradation. PBL selectively enriched lignocellulose-degrading microbial species, mainly from Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, which are capable of producing a broad array of cellulases and hemicellulases, thus playing a major role in lignocellulosic biomass degradation. In addition, most of the lignocellulose degradation-related module sequences in the PBL microbiome were novel. PBL provide organic functional complementarity for lignocellulose degradation via their evolved strong mouthparts, alkaline midgut, and mild stable hindgut microenvironment to facilitate lignocellulosic biomass grinding, dissolving, and symbiotic microbial fermentation, respectively. Conclusions: This work shows that PBL are a promising model to study lignocellulose degradation, which can provide highly abundant novel enzymes and relevant lignocellulose-degrading bacterial strains for biotechnological biomass conversion industries. The unique teamwork between PBL and their gut symbiotic bacterial microbiota for efficient lignocellulose degradation will expand the knowledge of holobionts and open a new beginning in the theory of holobionts. BPGV8LV-Txp2PAmT3d1J6V Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a book "An Ideal Husband" by Oscar Wilde and attempts to create for a reading public a sense of visual immediacy. It mentions analysis because its dialogue and stage directions are rife with a surprising number of references to objects with sexually and politically charged meanings, from Rococo paintings to yellow books. It also mentions sorts of desire represented through objects are often complex and do not situate characters in binary sexual categories.

Broad-band tomography statistically extracts the redshift distribution of frequency dependent emission from the cross-correlation of intensity maps with a reference catalog of galaxy tracers. We make forecasts for the performance of future all-sky UV experiments doing broad-band tomography. We consider the Cosmological Advanced Survey Telescope for Optical-UV Research (castor) and the Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx). The dominant uncertainty is from variability in the photometric zero-point, which scales with limiting magnitude and mirror size. With this scaling and assuming a galaxy number density characteristic of future spectroscopic data sets, we find that castor measures the UV background SED 2–10 times better than existing data. The applicable redshift range will expand from the current z < 1 to z ≈ 0–3 with castor and z  = 5–9 with SPHEREx. We show that castor can provide competitive constraints on the EBL monopole to those available from galaxy number counts and direct measurement techniques. At high redshift especially, these results will help understand galaxy formation and reionization. Our modelling code and chains are publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychologists and linguists collect various data on word and concept properties. In psychology, scholars have accumulated norms and ratings for a large number of words in languages with many speakers. In linguistics, scholars have accumulated cross-linguistic information about the relations between words and concepts. Until now, however, there have been no efforts to combine information from the two fields, which would allow comparison of psychological and linguistic properties across different languages. The Database of Cross-Linguistic Norms, Ratings, and Relations for Words and Concepts (NoRaRe) is the first attempt to close this gap. Building on a reference catalog that offers standardization of concepts used in historical and typological language comparison, it integrates data from psychology and linguistics, collected from 98 data sets, covering 65 unique properties for 40 languages. The database is curated with the help of manual, automated, semi-automated workflows and uses a software API to control and access the data. The database is accessible via a web application, the software API, or using scripting languages. In this study, we present how the database is structured, how it can be extended, and how we control the quality of the data curation process. To illustrate its application, we present three case studies that test the validity of our approach, the accuracy of our workflows, and the integrative potential of the database. Due to regular version updates, the NoRaRe database has the potential to advance research in psychology and linguistics by offering researchers an integrated perspective on both fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I analyze the challenge that the Quinean referential indeterminacy thesis poses to a specific set of externalist theories of reference. First, a metasemantic distinction between productive and interpretivist theories is presented, indicating that indeterminacy permeates both. Subsequently, externalist attempts to refute this problem by stressing the substantive role of external objects in the fixation of reference are evaluated, pointing out that the problem persists. Finally, the "internalist" conception of Quinean reference is analyzed, which, in principle, undermines the externalist arguments about reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Numismática Hécate is the property of Revista Numismatica Hecate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This article explores citing and referencing systems in social sciences and medicine articles from different theoretical and practical perspectives, considering bibliographic references as a facet of descriptive representation. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis of citing and referencing elements (i.e. bibliographic references, mentions, quotations and respective in-text reference pointers) identified citing and referencing habits within disciplines under consideration and errors occurring over the long term as stated by previous studies now expanded. Future expected trends of information retrieval from bibliographic metadata was gathered by approaching these referencing elements from the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) entities concepts. Findings: Reference styles do not fully accomplish with their role of guiding authors and publishers on providing concise and well-structured bibliographic metadata within bibliographic references. Trends on representative description revision suggest a predicted distancing on the ways information is approached by bibliographic references and bibliographic catalogs adopting FRBR concepts, including the description levels adopted by each of them under the perspective of the FRBR entities concept. Research limitations/implications: This study was based on a subset of medicine and social sciences articles published in 2019 and, therefore, it may not be taken as a final and broad coverage. Future studies expanding these approaches to other disciplines and chronological periods are encouraged. Originality/value: By approaching citing and referencing issues as descriptive representation's facets, findings on this study may encourage further studies that will support information science and computer science on providing tools to become bibliographic metadata description simpler, better structured and more efficient facing the revision of descriptive representation actually in progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most valuable regions for telecommunication and space science is the geostationary earth orbit (GEO). On 27 November 2019, Egypt successfully launched its telecommunications satellite TIBA-1 into space. This paper aims to effectively identify and concurrently track this satellite from our Kottamia observatory station, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) - Egypt. The images of the satellite are processed by the Apex II astronomical image processing package to obtain optical measurements, the apparent magnitude, and the phase angle. The initial orbit of the TIBA-1 satellite is determined using angle-only optical measurements for 4 months. The Double-r iteration method is used to determine the state distance vectors for orbital elements under different perturbation forces. Then, the results are compared with the positions predicted using the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) reference catalog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sexual stratification hypothesis (SSH) posits that criminal-legal responses to sexual victimization differ depending on the victim-suspect racial-ethnic dyad. Existing tests of the SSH have resulted in inconsistent findings. Using data from 389 sexual assault (SA) complaints reported to Los Angeles police and referred to the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office, this study examines whether the victim-suspect racial-ethnic dyad and extra-legal victim-related factors shape prosecutorial initial filing decisions. Notably, we build on previous SSH tests by rotating racial-ethnic dyad reference categories to catalog all possible pairwise differences within the set of dummy variables. Findings suggest that prosecutors consider the victim-suspect racial-ethnic dyad and victim-related factors during initial filing. Theoretical advancements, practical implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The giant panda, a strict herbivore that feeds on bamboo, still retains a typical carnivorous digestive system. Reference catalogs of microbial genes and genomes are lacking, largely limiting the antibiotic resistome and functional exploration of the giant panda gut microbiome. Here, we integrated 177 fecal metagenomes of captive and wild giant pandas to construct a giant panda integrated gene catalog (GPIGC) comprised of approximately 4.5 million non-redundant genes and reconstruct 393 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Taxonomic and functional characterization of genes revealed that the captivity of the giant panda significantly changed the core microbial composition and the distribution of microbial genes. Higher abundance and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected in the guts of captive giant pandas, and ARG distribution was influenced by geography, for both captive and wild individuals. Escherichia, as the prevalent genus in the guts of captive giant pandas, was the main carrier of ARGs, meaning there is a high risk of ARG transmission by Escherichia. We also found that multiple mcr gene variants, conferring plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance, were widespread in the guts of captive and wild giant pandas. There were low proportions of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes in GPIGC and MAGs compared with several omnivorous and herbivorous mammals. Many members of Clostridium MAGs were significantly enriched in the guts of adult, old and wild giant pandas. The genomes of isolates and MAGs of Clostridiaceae harbored key genes or enzymes in complete pathways for degrading lignocellulose and producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indicating the potential of these bacteria to utilize the low-nutrient bamboo diet. Overall, our data presented an exhaustive reference gene catalog and MAGs in giant panda gut and provided a comprehensive understanding of the antibiotic resistome and microbial adaptability for a high-lignocellulose diet. [Display omitted] • Captivity of giant panda changed the composition and diversity of gut microbiome. • Lifestyle and geography influenced on ARGs abundance and distribution, respectively. • Escherichia was the main carrier of ARGs in the guts of captive giant pandas. • Clostridium harbored key genes in metabolisms of lignocellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describing the diversity of Brazilian plant species, as well as the wide variety in the associated pollen grains, is crucial to understanding their evolution and ensuring effective conservation. The accurate identification of pollen is key to successful pollen studies and the consistent paleoecological interpretation of past vegetation changes. Pollen analysts usually identify plant taxa from reference collections built from herbaria material. In Brazil, pollen atlases primarily focus on three main vegetation domains, namely, the Amazon Forest, the Atlantic Forest, and the Cerrado, while information about Caatinga pollen taxa is dispersed across multiple studies; this significantly impedes efforts to further develop palynological research. To address this gap, we built a palynological atlas for the state of Piauí which is covered by the biomes Caatinga and Cerrado along with their transitional zones. These domains encompass various vegetation types, including dense shrubland, grassland, palm swamp formation, riverine forest, seasonal deciduous and semi-deciduous forests, as well as valley-side marshes. We collected flower buds from the Herbarium Prisco Bezerra (EAC) at the Federal University of Ceará and extracted the pollen grains for the pollen reference slides. The atlas comprises 398 species from 99 families, with the most represented families being Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Malpighiaceae, and Rubiaceae. Each taxa is presented with a description of the pollen grain, a photo showing polar and equatorial views, and ecological information as life form (liana/scandent/vine, herb, subshrub, shrub or tree), substrate, and vegetation type to support further studies. • We present a reference pollen catalog for northeastern Brazil. • We used flower buds from the Herbarium Prisco Bezerra (EAC), Ceará, Brazil. • The catalog describes 388 genera from 99 families. • The catalog describes 51 taxa for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The colonization of the Caribbean initiated a process of entanglement of people, goods, and ideas between the "New" and "Old World," which is popularly referred to as the Columbian Exchange. This paper seeks to highlight the multiscalar and material underpinnings of this process of global importance by tracing it to its roots: the earliest encounters between the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean and European colonists. We present a database, based on key Spanish historical sources, which catalogs all references to the transaction of objects between Amerindians and Europeans from AD 1492–1497. We furthermore argue for the need of a framework that is able to connect, explore, and track the structural materiality of things in encounter events. For this we suggest a combination of entanglement theory with network and substantive analyses. This multiscalar theoretical and methodological framework shows how a diverse and contextually specific network of humans and things arose in tandem with European and Amerindian attempts to establish, manipulate, and contest ties of significant personal and historical interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the high seismicity rate of the Iranian plateau, the development and implementation of an automated routine for near-real-time determination of earthquake point source parameters would be extremely beneficial, e.g., for dedicated seismological studies, constraining the regional stress field, and shakemap assessment. We discuss the implementation of a fast, automated regional moment tensor inversion routine, based on SeisComP3 and KIWI tool packages. To assess the routine efficiency, we used a dataset including 90 earthquakes spatially distributed within all seismotectonic provinces of Iran, recorded at local to regional distances, with magnitudes in the range MN 4.5–7.3. Resolved moment tensor solutions and source parameters are in most cases in good agreement with reference ones from global and regional catalogs. However, we identify consistent differences in magnitudes and depths, with respect to global catalogs, which can be attributed to a higher resolution of our approach, using local and regional data and considering regional velocity models. The depth estimations are shallower than in reference global catalogs but compatible with the tectonic settings of the Iranian region. The analysis of the selected dataset is accompanied by a test run of automated processing for 8 months of online operation, from July 2019 to February 2020. The processing time in online routine, with an average of ~ 23 min, mostly depends on the magnitude, number of stations, azimuthal coverage, data quality, and complexity of the crustal model, so that computation times may vary significantly for earthquakes located in different Iranian provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starphotometry, the nightime counterpart of sunphotometry, has not yet achieved the commonly sought observational error level of 1%: a spectral optical depth (OD) error level of 0.01. In order to address this issue, we investigate a large variety of systematic (absolute) uncertainty sources. The bright star catalog of extraterrestrial references is noted as a major source of errors with an attendant recommendation that its accuracy, as well as its spectral photometric variability, be significantly improved. The small Field of View (FOV) employed in starphotometry ensures that starphotometry, unlike sun- or moonphotometry, is only weakly dependent on the intrinsic and artificial OD reduction induced by scattering into the FOV by optically thin clouds. A FOV of 45 arc-seconds was found to be the best tradeoff for minimizing such forward scattering errors concurrently with flux loss through vignetting. The importance of monitoring the sky background and using interpolation techniques to avoid spikes and to compensate for measurement delay was underscored. A set of 20 channels was identified to mitigate contamination errors associated with stellar and terrestrial-atmospheric gas absorptions, as well as aurora and airglow emissions. We also note that observations for starsphotometers similar to our high-Arctic starphotometer should be made at high angular elevations, i.e. at airmasses lower than 5. We noted the significant effects of snow crystal deposition on the starphotometer optics, how pseudo OD increases associated with this type of contamination could be detected and how proactive techniques could be employed to avoid their occurrence in the first place. If all these recommendations are followed, one may aspire to achieve component errors that are well below 0.01: in the process one may attain a total 0.01 OD target error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply the spectroscopy-based stellar-color regression (SCR) method to perform an accurate photometric recalibration of the second data release from the SkyMapper Southern Survey (SMSS DR2). From comparison with a sample of over 200,000 dwarf stars with stellar atmospheric parameters taken from GALAH+ DR3 and with accurate, homogeneous photometry from Gaia DR2, zero-point offsets are detected in the original photometric catalog of SMSS DR2, in particular for the gravity- and metallicity-sensitive uv bands. For the uv bands, the zero-point offsets are close to zero at very low extinction, and then steadily increase with E(B − V), reaching as large as 0.174 and 0.134 mag respectively, at E(B − V) ∼ 0.5 mag. These offsets largely arise from the adopted dust term in the transformations used by SMSS DR2 to construct photometric calibrators from the ATLAS reference catalog. For the gr bands, the zero-point offsets exhibit negligible variations with the E(B − V) of Schlegel et al. due to their tiny coefficients on the dust term in the transformation. Our study also reveals small but significant spatial variations of the zero-point offsets in all uvgr bands. External checks using Strömgren photometry, WD loci, and the SDSS Stripe 82 standard-star catalog independently confirm the zero-points found by our revised SCR method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present the heritage inventory of the Quilombola Dona Juscelina community, located in the municipality of Muricilândia, in the North of the State of Tocantins. Methodologically, the "Heritage Education Inventory: participatory inventories" (IPHAN, 2016) was used, which is an instrument of heritage education used to catalog the cultural references of a location or region with great cultural potential. This tool takes into account the community's participation in the community process through oral, documentary and photographic records of the interviewees' knowledge. The inventory works dimensions of material and immaterial heritage within a structure composed of four parts: the Knowledge Registry Book, Celebrations Registry Book, Expression Forms Registry Book, and Places Registry Book. The research included the report of the Masters Griôs of the community, who, within the hierarchical structure of the Quilombo, are responsible for guarding and passing on the knowledge and traditions of the Quilombo. Therefore, the main result obtained was to show the potential of the community for the development of tourist activity, based on the interpretation of aspects of local material and immaterial heritage, in addition to being an alternative source of income and protection of the cultural legacy, which was materialized in a tourism proposal, which hopes to contribute to studies on traditional communities, heritage education and sustainable cultural routes, based on the strength of local otherness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first section of this article, the basic principles and practices of crossreferencing are discussed mainly in reference to paper dictionaries. This is followed by a section on cross-referencing in electronic dictionaries. Although the principles underlying cross-references in paper and electronic dictionaries are the same, many, more sophisticated options, which the authors call 'true electronic features', are available to the lexicographer in the computer era. Cross-references are used on a much larger scale in electronic dictionaries since almost every word or element in a dictionary article can be cross-referenced to an address where the user can find more information. Cross-referencing in electronic dictionaries largely revolve around multiple uses of hyperlinking. In the final section, crossreferencing, or the lack thereof, will be discussed for African language dictionaries. Typical instances where cross-references are required in dictionaries for these languages will be outlined and the compilation of model entries will be attempted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Operating from 1879 to 1918 and educating over 8,000 students, the Carlisle Indian Industrial School was the first and one of the largest federal off-reservation boarding schools for Native Americans in the United States. Carlisle symbolized Progressive-Era attempts to assimilate indigenous populations through education, and similarly typified mortality at federal schools across the American empire. Consequently, death at Carlisle is commonly used by scholars and activists as a rhetorical tool in arguments surrounding reconciliation and repatriation. Two incommensurable death counts of 220 and 537 decedents for Carlisle have been proposed, based on competing definitions of which types of decedents should and should not be included. Using cross-referential analysis of administrative records related to school, this study suggests a death count of 232 students and 6 proximal individuals, which adheres to historic categories of mortality. Quantitative analysis of mortality is then linked to contextual information, exploring differential fatality as well as absolute and proportional death trends. This reveals social historical information about student experiences and school mortuary practices, illustrating that mortality investigations hold significant potential beyond enumeration. Simultaneously, these findings challenge existing conceptions of death's alleged objectivity, showing that mortality is an unstandardized, complex phenomenon. This complicates emotional invocations of death counts, especially considering the national and international significance ascribed to understanding mortality at indigenous boarding schools. This study argues that more historically persuasive information about death is revealed through qualitative analysis of quantitative data, showing that mortality is best understood as a highly individualized traumatic experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]