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Comparing with cities, rural communities especially those declining rural communities have become vulnerable to natural disasters owing to their backward socioeconomic conditions. Taking Xun County of China's Henan Province as the study area, the paper aims to evaluate rural community resilience to flood by unveiling the connection between individuals' cognition, follow-up actions and the community resilience. Research results show that: (1) The logic chain exists as individual's cognition to disaster leads to their constructive actions to cope with disaster, which contribute to community resilience. (2) At the cognition dimension, individual's knowledge reserve of disaster prevention and their recognition to local authority are playing an important role in their decision making and follow-up behaviors when disaster occurs. (3) At the action dimension, individual's familiarity with the disaster preparedness, efficient information transmission when disaster occurs and villagers' following order and their unity of action all contribute to community resilience to disaster. The paper proposes ways to improve rural community resilience to disasters based on the research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By integrating the literature on urban specialization and externalities, this paper proposes that the industrial sector is likely to reduce regional inequality between core cities and surrounding small and medium-sized cities through its effects on city size, while core cities that focus on these advanced producer services (APS) contribute to greater regional inequality. The mechanisms by which the industrial sector influences regional inequality are examined using China's regional systems. The results support the hypothesis that large core cities with a high concentration of manufacturing reduce regional inequality through positive local spillover effects. On the other hand, cities with a high concentration of high value-added services have lower spillover effects, which in turn increases regional inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two types of land systems in China: collective-owned and state-owned. Under both systems, differences in land ownership have led to different land-use and management systems, resulting in urban–rural dual structures under the jurisdiction of local governments and urban–rural unitary structures in reclamation areas of the state-owned land system. This has significantly changed the relationship between the rural population and land, which has been intensified by rapid urbanization and industrialization. Therefore, based on the rural population and remote sensing data, this study uses the Tapio decoupling model to determine the relationships between the rural population and residential land under different land systems. The main results indicate that the evolution of the rural population and residential land area under different land systems presents an obvious inverse relationship. From 1995 to 2020, under the jurisdiction of the local government, the land area and population of rural dwellers declined, with the decline in population being faster than that in residential areas. At the same time, the spatial agglomeration of residential areas from the middle to the south of the province expanded. In contrast, the population and residential land area showed significant reverse changes in state-owned domains. Rural residential land area declined, and the rural population increased, most notably in the eastern region. Furthermore, strong negative decoupling between the rural population and rural residential land was observed in areas under local government jurisdiction (accounting for 89.61%), meaning that the population declined while the living area increased, which is not conducive to increasing intensive land-use and productivity. Simultaneously, in state-owned domains, only 33.33% of the rural population and residential land areas presented the above-mentioned negative decoupling, with the remaining 66.67% being coordinated. After 2010, due to the socio-economic gap, the proportion of coordination in local government jurisdiction areas continued to decrease, whereas coordination in reclamation areas remained stable. Therefore, the data suggest that a single land allocation and governance regime across urban and rural domains under the state-owned land system is more helpful in enabling populations and efficient land-use. This suggests that, in the future, it will be helpful to consider promoting the effective integration of urban and rural land markets, optimizing the allocation of urban and rural land resources, and enhancing the reform of the rural land system in order to realize synergistic interactions between the urban and rural populations and construction land in Heilongjiang Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China is the prominent area for agricultural production, but it is also the most typical ecological fragile area with frequent drought disasters. Taking Yulin City at Shaanxi Province in China as the case area, the paper aims to investigate the spatio-temporal changes of agricultural vulnerability to drought in China's agro-pastoral ecotone in the period 2000 to 2020. The results show that: 1) the agricultural vulnerability to drought in Yulin City has shifted from high vulnerability in the period 2000–2010 to low vulnerability in the period 2011–2020. 2) There exist obvious spatio-temporal differences of the agricultural vulnerability to drought in Yulin City during the research period. 3) Four sensitive events and 14 resilient events were identified in the research and the crops of Yulin had become more resilient to drought. Finally, the paper put forward with policy implications to make adaptive strategies of agriculture to climate change in China's agro-pastoral ecotone in the future, e.g., carrying out agricultural zoning based on agricultural production conditions, intensifying the construction of disaster prevention and relief system, and integrating with modern agricultural technology to develop new type agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The forest of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is an important semi-arid ecosystem in Hulunbuir sandy land that plays a key role in the carbon cycle and wind erosion control. It is crucial to explore the main factors affecting the radial growth of trees of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. (2) Methods: The study established the tree-ring chronology of P. sylvestris var. mongolica and analyzed the relationships among the radial growth, competition index, and climate variables using correlation analysis and a linear mixed effect model to explore the influence of competition and climate on radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. (3) Results: The results indicated that tree growth is mainly affected by the maximum average temperature (Tmax) and precipitation in June and July of the current year and that tree growth significantly decreased with increasing competition pressure. Analysis of the linear mixed effect model showed that tree age, competition intensity, self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) from May to July, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) have a significant impact on radial growth. (4) Conclusions: The competition plays a dominant role in radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica compared to climate factors. This study helps to understand the growth mechanism of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests under climate change and provides a scientific basis for effective management of semi-arid forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between social capital and small business entrepreneurship in China. Unlike previous studies that focus solely on rural or urban residents, this paper pays more attention to the differences between them. According to our study, social capital has both positive and negative impacts on small business entrepreneurship. Based on the data drawn from China General Social Survey, we find that the impact of social capital differs significantly between rural and urban areas. In rural China, residents who have higher social capital tend to have entrepreneurial behaviors, while higher social capital leads to lower intention of small business entrepreneurship in urban China. Individuals whose parents have the experiences of small business tend to have small business entrepreneurial activities; individuals who are better educated tend to find regular jobs instead of having their own small business. The results suggest that small business entrepreneurship in rural China might be "entrepreneurship by necessity." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been recognized that China's targeted poverty alleviation policy can greatly improve the economic development of rural areas, but whether it can improve rural resilience for sustainable development has been less studied. Based on anatomising the connotation of rural economic resilience and proposing theoretical framework for the influence of policies, this study empirically analyses the implication of poverty alleviation policies on rural economic resilience using regression analysis techniques, based on field survey data from 338 villages in Lankao County, China. It is shown that rural economic resilience is connected with their resistance, adaptation, and transformation capabilities, and China's targeted poverty alleviation policies have significantly improved the economic resilience of villages because of the government's efforts to upgrade production factors, optimise the economic structure and expand rural functions have awakened the impetus of endogenous development in rural areas. Compared with resistance and transformability, poverty alleviation policies have a greater positive impact on the adaptability of rural economies. The explanatory power of poverty alleviation policies on the rural economic resilience of Lankao County shows obvious spatial differentiation. The effectiveness of poverty alleviation policies was more prominent in the southeast, where poverty was worse. The recommendations proposed based on these results can provide an important reference for promoting rural economic resilience and sustainable development in developing countries. • Rural economic resilience is a combination of resistance, adaptability and transformability. • China's targeted poverty alleviation policy has improved the village's economic resilience. • The explanatory power of poverty alleviation policies on rural economic resilience of Lankao County shows obvious spatial differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfire is essential in altering land ecosystems' structures, processes, and functions. As a critical disturbance in the China–Mongolia–Russia cross-border area, it is vital to understand the potential drivers of wildfires and predict where wildfires are more likely to occur. This study assessed factors affecting wildfire using the Random Forest (RF) model. No single factor played a decisive role in the incidence of wildfires. However, the climatic variables were most critical, dominating the occurrence of wildfires. The probability of wildfire occurrence was simulated and predicted using the Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The particle swarm optimization (PSO) model and genetic algorithm (GA) were used to optimize the ANFIS model. The hybrid ANFIS models performed better than single ANFIS for the training and validation datasets. The hybrid ANFIS models, such as PSO-ANFIS and GA-ANFIS, overcome the over-fitting problem of the single ANFIS model at the learning stage of the wildfire pattern. The high classification accuracy and good model performance suggest that PSO-ANFIS can be used to predict the probability of wildfire occurrence. The probability map illustrates that high-risk areas are mainly distributed in the northeast part of the study area, especially the grassland and forest area of Dornod Province of Mongolia, Buryatia, and Chita state of Russia, and the northeast part of Inner Mongolia, China. The findings can be used as reliable estimates of the relative likelihood of wildfire hazards for wildfire management in the region covered or vicinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to employment through the Internet matters a great deal to stabilise the livelihood of migrant peasant workers in Chinese cities. This study examines how Internet usage affects the off-farm income of migrant peasant workers by constructing a random effects model for the period 2010–2016. Research findings corroborate that Internet usage has significantly increased the off-farm income of migrant peasant workers and the positive impact of Internet usage on income is stronger for migrant peasant workers than for their urban flexible-employed counterparts. The positive impacts of Internet usage on migrant peasant workers' income vary regarding region, gender, and educational level. It is concluded that Internet usage has helped improve the livelihood resilience of migrant peasant workers in China. • Internet usage significantly increased the off-farm income of migrant peasant workers. • The impact is stronger for the migrant workers compared with their urban counterparts. • The positive impacts of internet usage on migrant workers' income vary in regions. • The positive impact is stronger on female income compared with male counterparts. • The positive income impacts of internet usage increase in education level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, through a case study of the Gengche Township in north Jiangsu (Subei), unveils how a less-favored region breaks out of the old industry path of waste recycling and processing and embarks on a green new one specializing in E-commerce. Drawing on key concepts in evolutionary economic geography, we propose a conceptual framework that addresses how entrepreneurial agents enact the processes of asset modification at multiple scales for new green path development in a rural context. Based on on-site interviews and survey, our analysis reveals that rural lead entrepreneurs and state elites pioneered and opened windows of opportunities for change, then legitimized by the state with wider support towards old path breaking. These state interventions enforce the bottom-up process of new green path development. In this process, extra-regional knowledge linkages and assets help facilitate the E-commerce development. It is concluded that rural new path development processes are not only contingent on local pre-conditions but are tempo-spatially dependent on collective actions of entrepreneurial multi-actors in identifying, transplanting and modifying local and non-local assets. The Gengche case demonstrates that rural new green path development in China requires the formation of strong system-level rural agency engaging in multi-scalar asset modification. • The transformation trajectory of Gengche, a previous poverty township, was investigated. • Rural lead entrepreneurs and state elites pioneered and opened windows of opportunities for change. • State interventions enforce the bottom-up process of new green path development. • Extra-regional knowledge linkages and assets help facilitate the E-commerce development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As rural decline sweeps the world and draws public attention, it becomes necessary to consider the relationship between urbanization and rural development. The paper investigates this topic in China for the period 1989–2018. The research results find positive contribution of urbanization to rural economy in the research period but with a decreasing tendency. Compared to less developed areas, rural economy of developed regions has become less dependent on cities and can flourish in a larger context with the support of modern transportation and telecommunication technologies. However, those peripheral rural areas tend to face continuous and large‐scale rural–urban migration which has aggravated rural decline. Rural economic growth helps to decrease rural outmigration and people will stay in their hometown with available job opportunities to raise their families and maintain livelihood. The paper proposes balance‐friendly urbanization structure and diversified rural economy to improve rural resilience to meet the challenge of rural decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human capital plays an important role in preventing the intergenerational transmission of poverty. The study aims to examine in detail how human capital impacts the intergenerational poverty transmission in China based on nationwide rural household survey. The research results are: (1) the improvement of individual human capital significantly reduces the risk of intergenerational poverty transmission in rural China; (2) in comparison to individual educational level, parents' educational level may not effectively decrease the risk of intergenerational poverty transmission; (3) the impact from human capital on the risk of intergenerational poverty transmission has relatively lower effectiveness on female than male in rural China; (4) human capital of Western China area generates more impact on reducing the risk of intergenerational poverty transmission than that of the central and eastern regions. In approach to improve the role of human capital in preventing intergenerational poverty transmission, the following policy implications should be considered, such as improving the rural education conditions and mechanism, encouraging self-improvement rather than parents dependency, and supporting rural female education. • Education may alter the status quo of the rural relative poverty in China. • To crawl out relative poverty, improving education is significantly effective. • Education benefits males more than females in rural China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smallholders are prevalent worldwide. Agricultural cooperatives are often considered an effective instrument for bridging the gap between smallholders and modern agriculture because they enable large-scale production and ensure the quality of agricultural products. This study aims to provide quantitative evidence on the role of cooperatives in boosting macro-level agricultural economic growth using unbalanced panel data of 1866 Chinese counties between 2007 and 2019. The results show that the number of cooperatives at the county level exerts an 'inverted U-shaped' effect on agricultural economic growth, while the average membership size of cooperatives has a 'U-shaped' effect on agricultural economic growth. Cooperatives with no farmer members or capital contribution can be considered 'fake' cooperatives. However, these 'fake' cooperatives do not hamper the agricultural economy. Furthermore, capital accumulation is a critical mechanism through which agricultural cooperatives bridge the gap between smallholders and modern agriculture. On the contrary, government subsidies to agricultural cooperatives do not contribute to agricultural development. Based on the findings, this study recommends to drive out 'fake' cooperatives without farmer members or accumulated capital to promote the development of 'genuine' cooperatives. Moreover, establishing an appropriate membership size and promoting capital accumulation are also important to enhance the effectiveness of agricultural cooperatives in developing modern agriculture. • Agricultural cooperatives can effectively bridge the gap between smallholders and modern agriculture in China. • The number of cooperatives at the county level exerts an 'inverted U-shaped' effect on agricultural economic growth. • The average membership size of cooperatives has a 'U-shaped' effect on agricultural economic growth. • 'Fake cooperatives' with no farmer members or accumulated capital do not hamper the agricultural economy. • Cooperatives' capital accumulation rather than government subsidies boosts agricultural economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of nonfarm employment stability on migrant workers’ farmland transfer decisions. Using data on 1148 migrant workers extracted from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), our structural equation model determined a significant positive impact of employment stability on migrant workers’ farmland transfer behaviour. Results show that the employment stability of migrant workers has a significant positive impact on their farmland transfer behaviour. In particular, their willingness to settle in the city is an important, although incomplete intermediary factor, accounting for 42.15% of the overall employment stability effect. These findings imply that creating a fair and inclusive employment system in urban China and expanding the urban welfare system to include migrant workers are likely measures to develop land rental markets in rural China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's rapid urbanization growth during the past decades which has highly promoted its affluence has induced various challenges for the countryside. The problem of rural decline of quite many villages which are suffering depopulation in turn challenges the urbanization sustainability in China. By way of in-depth historical and literature review, the paper finds distorted urban-rural relationship and the tendency of village decline owing to China's long time urban biased policy. By further investigating China's new-type urbanization strategy, the paper draws concerns about future rural development which is less mentioned in the plan. It calls for ruralization and actions to revitalize the countryside so as to be adapted to China's new-type urbanization plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The Chinese Government initiates the targeted poverty alleviation strategy to lift 70.17 million population out of poverty in five years time until 2020. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the targeted poverty alleviation policy was implemented. The investigation focusses on the people’s voices, implementation challenges and implications for policy making and improvement.Design/methodology/approach A nationwide survey covering 2,075 households in 22 impoverished counties of 13 provinces was carried out in August, 2015, providing rich statistics and evidence for the paper. Literature review of China’s poverty alleviation history is also made to lay a research basis for the study.Findings There are diverse needs of the impoverished households of different ages and different poverty causes. The defects of the policy are revealed such as the impractical way of accurate poverty identification, the existence of poverty-returning problem and passive poverty alleviation.Originality/value The study of the paper investigates the current challenges for carrying out the targeted poverty alleviation and indicates implications for policy improvement. These contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of the targeted poverty alleviation policy in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to investigate land conversion as a result of urban–rural transformation in the Chinese context. Theoretical analysis and empirical study of the Bohai Rim region find strong connections between the land conversion rates and urban–rural transformation intensity in the period 2000–2010. Rapid land conversion normally takes place in counties/districts of low initial level of urban–rural transformation. However, places of high initial socioeconomic level and low transformation intensity would experience slow land conversion. The different land conversion rates in relation to urban–rural transformation intensity are mainly attributed to the China's land quotas distribution system which is subjective and administrative. The study highlights the implementation of land quotas distribution system based on differences to improve the land distribution efficiency and achieve balanced regional development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the roles of physical capital, human capital, and social capital in China's economic growth during the reform period 1981-2010. Empirical estimation confirms that physical capital and human capital contribute to the economic growth, probably due to the capital accumulation and the improvement of labor productivity. The impact of social capital turns from being insignificant in the 1980s and the 1990s to be positive in the 2000s, suggesting its rising importance in recent decades. A declining role of physical capital in the economic growth in China from 1990s to 2000s is also found. The findings hold for several additional robustness checks, including focusing on longer term determinants of the economic growth, subregional analysis, and endogeneity. Furthermore, the foreign direct investment inflows and adjustment of economic ownership structure are also important for economic growth in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the way in which changes in social and industrial structures brought about by the urban-rural transformation process impact upon the relationship between farmland conversion and economic growth in post-reform China. Through this study, panel data analysis revealed that an inverted U-shape relationship existed between the factors of farmland conversion and economic growth in China in the period 2000–2009. The turning point, whereby decreasing farmland conversion is able to occur alongside economic growth, was found to have occurred in 2008, the year when China's per capita GDP exceeded 3000 US dollars. Moreover, rural-urban migration was not found to be significant with respect to this relationship, while the industrial upgrading from secondary to tertiary industries was found to help reduce farmland conversion. The paper highlights the important role that market and governmental forces play in initiating the shift from extensive to intensive and highly efficient land-use patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We identify the land use problems while China is undergoing rapid urbanization. [•] We interpret and assess five land use policies of Chinese current implementation. [•] There is still lacking an overall land use policy framework in China. [•] Chinese future land use strategy and policy system were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades. However, rural areas lag behind cities, leading to increased urban-rural economic disparities. As China's traditional agricultural zone, the "Three Mountains and One Beach"(TMOB) area is the collective name for the four concentrated poverty areas in Henan Province, including Dabie Mountain, Funiu Mountain, Taihang Mountain and Yellow River Beach Area. In 2014, nearly 4 million people lived under China's poverty line. Poverty is a manifestation of rural system decline and the result of uncoordinated development. This study constructed a theoretical analysis framework for regional rural poverty formation and rural development. Then, a case study was developed in the TMOB area to identify key constraints on rural development and discuss development strategies for different types of poverty-stricken rural areas. The results show that key constraints to rural development in the case area are rapid labour loss, weak urban driving force, lagging infrastructure and public services, a single industrial structure, and poor economic foundation. Four types of constraints on rural development are drawn: natural resource-constrained type, industry-constrained type, infrastructure-constrained type, and human resource-constrained type. Poverty-stricken rural areas should implement policies according to their constraint types and adopt function-oriented poverty reduction and development strategies. • A theoretical analysis framework for rural poverty formation and development was established. • Constraints of rural development in the study area are multifaceted, including labour, economy, and infrastructure. • Rural areas in the impoverished region of Henan can be summarized into four types according to their constraints. • The specific development direction and model for different rural types are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working within the context of enlarged urban-rural inequalities in China, this paper aims to identify different urban-rural interaction patterns and to propose specific ways of achieving urban-rural integration with respect to those different patterns. The paper establishes a strong connection between resource flows and environmental change. An urban-rural interaction index is put forward, based upon the division of the counties and urban districts of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region into three groups. The 'high urban agglomeration' group includes those urban districts and adjacent counties currently experiencing rapid socioeconomic growth. The 'medium peri-urban agglomeration' group consists of counties surrounding areas in the first group, which have moderate population growth and moderate economic growth. The 'low rural periphery agglomeration' group, located in the northern and western parts of the region, has slow socioeconomic growth. Within the 'high urban agglomeration' group, the factors of arable land and built-up land have the highest rates of change, while in the third group, these factors have the lowest rate of change. Moderate rates of land-use change characterize the counties within the second group. Three specific ways of achieving urban-rural integration in the three urban-rural interaction patterns are proposed in accordance with the research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a new way of decomposing regional inequality. It divides the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region into three sets of districts in terms of the urban-rural resource flows: urban, peri-urban, and peripheral areas. Unlike the administrative divisions, these three sets of districts show how resource flows and agglomerates at the regional level. The paper decomposes regional inequality according to the three sets of districts. The paper's findings show that regional inequality decreased between 1990 and 1994, after which it remained steady. The study, for the first time, brings peri-urban areas into a regional decomposition analysis, and contributes to the understanding of urban-rural resource flows and inequality changes at the regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Chinese government's emergency emissions reduction strategy which aims to reduce air pollution and mentions topics including a decline in the concentration of particulate matter and a study about the environmental effects of urban and rural development.

A letter to the editor is presented related to a study on geological implications of China's land creation projects, led by researcher Peiyue Li and others.

China has undergone a dramatic transition echoed the unprecedented urbanization and economic growth since the late 1970s. The current research on urbanization has overlooked the transformation consistency between urban and rural areas. Although the Chinese central government has focused on improving rural residents' livelihood, it is still far from achieving coordinated urban–rural development. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of China's urban–rural development transformation (URDT) based on three indicator systems, namely the urban–rural development level (URDL), the urban–rural structure level (URSL), and the urban–rural coordination level (URCL). Findings from this investigation show that universal and intense URDT has taken place in China over the last two decades. This has been accompanied by growth of URDL and URSL and deterioration of URCL. There are, however, obvious spatial disparities in the different aspects of URDT. The western and northeastern regions of China have experienced slower transformation than other regions between 1990 and 2010. Correlation analysis among the sub-index shows that coordinated urban–rural development needs a certain initial socioeconomic level and moderate changes of URDL and URSL. This paper suggests that more attentions should be paid to rural areas and lagging areas in central and western China. Given the regional disparities of URDT, the most effective way to achieve urban–rural integration in China is by taking the overall considerations of development policies of both region and urban–rural areas aimed at various urban–rural development transformation characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequent occurrence of natural disasters has become one of the most serious challenges to human society. As rural communities are the forefront of disasters, enhancing the resilience of rural community is crucial to mitigate the impact of natural disasters and seek rapid recovery. This paper provides an analytical framework for changing trajectories of the resilience of rural communities after disasters. Taking the disaster area affected by the catastrophic debris flow in China as an example, we analyze the changing trajectories of rural community resilience after disaster in three villages with different damage levels from 2010 to 2020 based on the data from key person interviews, the disaster situation and development reports, village work records and farmers' questionnaires. We found that the changes of community resilience after disaster show obvious stages due to the difference in the intensity of effects of government intervention and community self-organization ability during disaster relief reconstruction period and self-recovery period. The resilience of communities with different disaster losses showed an increasing trend. However, during the disaster relief and reconstruction period, the resilience of the severely affected community was improved faster, followed by the most severely affected community, while the resilience of generally affected community was improved more slowly. During the self-recovery period, the resilience of the affected general community was improved faster than that of the other two communities. The evolution process of community resilience reflects the increasing role of self-organizational capacity in post-disaster community development, aligning with the overall global trend in rural community governance. In addition, there is a significant sequence in the improvement speed of different dimensions of community resilience at different stages after disasters. During the disaster relief and reconstruction period, the resilience of community management was improved faster and the resilience of environment was slower. During the self-recovery period, the economic resilience of community was improved faster and the social resilience was improved slower. Finally, some suggestions were put forward to strengthen natural disasters prevention and community resilience in disaster-prone areas. [Display omitted] • Provide an analytical framework for the changing trajectories of the resilience of rural communities after disaster. • Community self-organization ability play an important role in improving community resilience. • There are significant differences in resilience of communities with different disaster losses. • There is an obvious sequence in the improvement speed of different dimensions of community resilience after disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought and floods seriously affect agriculture across the world. It is of great importance to lower down the agricultural vulnerability to disasters to build climate-resilient agriculture. The paper aims to investigate the spatio-temporal changes of agricultural vulnerability to drought and floods in the world in the period 2003-2019. Research results show that (1) the agricultural vulnerability to drought and floods is at a low level across the globe owning to the dual effects of decreasing exposure and increasing adaptability; (2) the northern parts of United States, northeastern parts of China, and the border between Russia and Kazakhstan are identified as most vulnerable areas to drought and floods; and (3) spatio-temporal mismatch of precipitation is the main factor to cause floods and drought while better adaption is beneficial to minimize the adverse effects of disasters. Based on analysis on the drivers and spatial patterns of drought and floods risk in all dimensions, tailored measures and policies are put forwards to make adaptive strategies of agriculture to climate change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)