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This study presents the first observations of early-season colony development of Ropalidia plebeiana in Canberra, Australia. The growth pattern of three R. plebeiana nests was measured during weekly observations from October 2006 to January 2007 and showed that nests steadily increase in size over the early summer to approximately 50 cells when the nest is newly established and to approximately 170 cells when nests from the previous season are re-used. A first generation of adult females is produced by December, and the bimodality of the curves of egg, larval and pupal numbers indicates that these three developmental stages last approximately 2–3 weeks each. The nesting cycle of R. plebeiana in Canberra commences approximately 2 weeks later than in coastal Australia, the shorter summers in this inland region restricting the length of the active season. R. plebeiana did not form dense nesting aggregations in Canberra as described elsewhere, with only small colonies consisting of a single or just a few nests. Characteristic comb-cutting behavior of the species was observed but this did not result in complete nest division as recorded from coastal populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic historians researching other countries, Australian economic historians employed outside Australia (but retaining links with home), and well-known non-Australian economic historians, who spent some of their careers in Australia, are afforded comparatively little attention. I Australian Economic History i is very much an appeal to universities and policy-makers - not to mention historians and economists - to recognise the role that economic history can play in solving the big challenges of our time. A somewhat peculiar dimension of Wright's account is its emphasis on Australian-based economic historians working primarily on Australian economic history. [Extracted from the article]

Australia's most recent White Papers on foreign and defence policy and the 2020 Defence Strategic Update demonstrate the determination of Australian policy planners to do what it takes to strengthen American resolve in the Indo-Pacific. Cuffe pushes back against claims that Australia's Asia-Pacific policy reflected "naive loyalty or toadying to Britain and the US" (201). Too often, as Cuffe says, strategy and diplomacy are viewed as 'high politics and the true work of foreign policy while trade and economic policy are considered "low politics"'(6-7). [Extracted from the article]

Black, White and Exempt: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Lives under Exemption: Edited by Lucinda Aberdeen and Jennifer Jones. The racism ingrained in Australian popular consciousness often denied exempted Aboriginal people rental properties, a seat at the pub and participation in many other aspects of social life, despite gaining a legal right of access. Leonie Stevens' chapter documents how the Northern Territory exemption system emerged and evolved in response to political action by Aboriginal people in Darwin, supported by communists and trade unionists. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: There are few dedicated health professions education research centres in Australia and New Zealand. As a result, researchers, especially novices, can often feel isolated. In this discussion paper, we introduce The Canberra Meeting--an initiative for building research capacity in health professions education by developing a community of practice through an annual meeting. In this meeting, novice researchers present on significant problems or questions arising from their research, known as a dilemma presentation, and facilitate discussion with an audience of peer PhD students, earlycareer researchers and senior researchers. The meeting aims to provide an opportunity to expand professional networks, exchange ideas and build knowledge. Innovation: A half-day pilot meeting was held in Canberra prior to the 2019 ANZAHPE conference. The meeting was designed for, and planned by, novice researchers. There were 37 attendees, including 13 who self-identified as novice researchers. Three halfhour dilemma sessions were held, comprised of 10 minutes of presentation time followed by 20 minutes of discussion. Evaluation and outcomes: Feedback on the pilot was sought through prompted group discussions. The following guiding principles were developed, including that the initiative should be 1) inclusive to all health professions and seek to reach isolated researchers; 2) accessible, by providing equal opportunity of access; 3) constructive, such that participants feel safe to present and engage in discussions; and 4) sustainable, such that the community of practice continues despite changes in individual membership. What's next: Planning is currently underway for a meeting prior to the next ANZAHPE conference. The event will be publicly advertised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral and written sources are now commonplace in both library and archival collections. Such sources provide for a wider range of voices to be added to the historical record, and in an artistic context, allow for the capture of at least an element of the creative process. This article discusses the National Gallery of Australia's James Gleeson oral history collection, related collections of personal papers, and their role as primary sources in the National Gallery's Research Library. It highlights their uses as evidence for researchers interested in the history of the National Gallery's art collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the collection of Henry Handel Richardson papers in the National Library of Australia. Problems encountered by the library in the acquisition of the papers; Correspondence between the library and Olga Roncoroni.

This paper applies the theory of change model (Kotter in Harv Bus Rev 2:59–67, 1995; Moore et al. in Viet Nam J Public Health 1(1):66–75, 2013) to describe the pathway that lead to Australia's first pill testing/drug checking services in Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory. The paper takes each step of the model and illustrates the key activities that largely occurred over an approximately 24 month period resulting in the service being operational on 29 April 2018. The paper demonstrates that leadership, advocacy and activism are key components, alongside evidence, to bringing about public policy change. It provides a unique insight to the extensive efforts undertaken to achieving the first legally sanctioned pill testing at festivals in Australia and provides a positive case study for those seeking to introduce contested harm reduction services in the drug and alcohol field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the hydrological imperative and engineering capacity for change, concrete storm water infrastructure remains obdurate in the urban waterscape. This obduracy manifests both as an unwillingness to remove existing infrastructure and the continuing construction of new infrastructure in locations previously free of these systems. This paper identifies four critical socio-political values underlying the obduracy of concrete storm water infrastructure and the resultant urban stream syndrome. Following a brief critique of reactive storm water management frameworks to manage this syndrome, this paper articulates four common values of Indigenous science(s) that are well placed can contribute to improve storm water management. Supporting this argument is an example of Indigenous science(s) changing the form and function of a reach of an extant concrete storm water channel in Canberra, Australia. While these interventions will be assessed primarily from water quality perspectives, they contribute to a greater range of environmental processes than purely hydrological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rockbursts are hazardous phenomena of sudden and violent rock failure in deep underground excavations under high geostress conditions, which poses a serious threat to geotechnical engineering. The occurrence of rockbursts is influenced by a combination of factors. Therefore, it is necessary to find an efficient method to assess rockburst grades. In this paper, we propose a novel method that enhances the VIKOR method using a novel combination of weight and generalized weighted Mahalanobis distance. The combination weights of the evaluation indicators were calculated using game theory by combining subjective experience and objective data statistical characteristics. By introducing the generalized weighted Mahalanobis distance, the VIKOR method is improved to address the issues of inconsistent dimensions, different importance, and inconsistent correlation among indicators. The proposed method can deal with the complexity of the impact factors of rockburst evaluation and classify the rockburst intensity level. The results show that the accuracy of the improved VIKOR method with the distance formula is higher than that of the unimproved VIKOR method; the evaluation accuracy of the improved VIKOR method with the generalized weighted Mahalanobis distance is 91.67%, which outperforms the improved VIKOR methods with the Euclidean and Canberra distances. This assessment method can be easily implemented and does not depend on the discussion of the rockburst occurrence mechanism, making it widely applicable for engineering rockburst evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the experiment on the Sun conducted by Trevor Ireland and his colleagues at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. They studied the Sun by peering closely at microscopic metal gains grains collected from the Moon and they got results that contradict to theories of how the Solar System is formed.

This paper examines word-initial engma deletion in Bininj Kunwok. Loss of initial consonants is a well-documented historical process in many Australian languages (Blevins, Juliette. 2001. Where have all the onsets gone? Initial consonant loss in Australian Aboriginal languages. In Jane Simpson, David Nash, Mary Laughren, Peter Austin & Barry Alpher (eds.), Forty years on: Ken Hale and Australian languages, 481–492. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), but there has been no systematic analysis of initial consonant loss as a synchronic variable (Fletcher, Janet & Andrew Butcher 2014. Sound patterns of Australian languages. In Harold Koch & Rachel Nordlinger (eds.), The languages and linguistics of Australia, 91–138. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton). In the case of Kunwok, word-initial velar nasal deletion (e.g. nganabbarru ∼ anabbarru 'buffalo') has been described as having regional distribution and is a prominent feature of speakers from the western and southern peripheries of the dialect chain, but variable in speakers from the central region (Evans, Nicholas. 2003. Bininj Kunwok: A pan-dialectal grammar of Mayali, Kunwinjku and Kune. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics). This study tests the distribution of the word-initial engma for both linguistic conditioning and sociolinguistic factors, and arrives at three conclusions. First, that preceding environment is a contributing factor. Second, that morphological class is a categorical conditioning factor. And third, that the phenomenon is spreading and there is evidence of language change in progress. This paper also takes into consideration community perspectives, noting that the sound change in progress is accompanied by a change in perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Opportunity exists to expand serradella (Ornithopus spp.) use onto heavier, duplex soil types in permanent pasture environments of south-eastern Australia. This requires cultivars with appropriate flowering times and flowering-date stability (i.e. flowering at the same date in spring regardless of timing of the autumn break). Aim: This work examined evidence of variation in flowering date and flowering-date stability in the NSW southern tablelands for a widely-used French serradella (O. sativus) cv. Margurita. Methods: Seed (sourced from a commercial supplier) was sown 21 March 2019 (Canberra, ACT) and 231 individual plants were monitored for time to first flower. A subset of plants exhibiting 'early' or 'late' flowering were identified and their seeds collected. In 2020, seed from ~15 plants from each selection was sown in Canberra in late March and early May to represent an 'early' and a 'later' break of season (n = 3). Key results: In the early-sown treatment, 'early-flowering' selections typically reached the median date of first flower (50%-flowering) from mid- to late August, while 'late-flowering' selections reached 50%-flowering early- to mid-September. When sown later, the 'early-flowering' selections began flowering from mid- to late September, while the 'late-flowering' selections flowered mid-September to early October. The 'early' selections exhibited greater flowering-date instability than 'late' selections and flowered particularly early when sown early. This indicated diversity within cv. Margurita for flowering-time control (e.g. vernalisation and/or photoperiod requirements). Implications: Evaluating cultivars of serradellas for flowering date and flowering date stability in their target environment(s) is essential to ensure cultivars are suitably adapted to these environments. Serradellas (Ornithopus spp.) are a novel legume option for the permanent pasture environments of south-eastern Australia. This paper investigated evidence of variation in flowering time characteristics within a widely used cultivar of French serradella. We recommend that new cultivars of serradellas be evaluated for flowering time characteristics in their target environment(s) to assess whether the cultivars are suitably adapted to these environments. This is essential to maximise production, feeding value and facilitate effective grazing management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the studies on rainwater harvesting analysis present the outcomes for particular cities, representing a single set of results for a specific city. However, in reality, significant spatial and weather variabilities may exist, due to which presenting only one set of results for a particular city would be misleading. This paper presents the potential weather and spatial variabilities on the expected water savings and supply reliability through the domestic rainwater tank for an inland city. An earlier-developed daily water balance model, eTank, was used for the calculations of annual water savings and reliability. An Australian inland city, Canberra, was selected as a case study and relevant daily rainfall data were collected from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology website. For the analysis of spatial variation, two rain gauge stations within the city of Canberra were selected. For each station, from the historical data, three years were selected as dry, average and wet years. For each weather condition, annual water savings and reliabilities were calculated for different demands with different tank sizes up to 10,000 L connected with different roof sizes. Then, variations in annual water savings and reliabilities among different weather conditions, as well as among different stations, were evaluated. It was found that, with regard to annual water savings, a maximum variation of 68.6% can be expected between dry and wet weather; however, only a 15.4% maximum spatial variation is expected among the selected stations. Regarding reliability, a maximum variation of 123% is expected between dry and wet weather. Whereas, only a 17% spatial variation is expected among the selected stations. Such a study will provide valuable insights for rainwater tank users and stakeholders on potential variabilities due to weather and spatial differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived threats to sovereignty stemming from trade exposure to China have led to calls for the Australian government to embrace the concept of 'trusted trade'. This involves using policy levers to drive trade towards markets that have capitals more geopolitically aligned with Canberra and finds practical expression in forms such as 'friend-shored' supply chains. A theme of 'trusted trade' advocacy is the conscription of existing security-oriented partnerships, including the ANZUS alliance, the Quad grouping and the Five Eyes intelligence-sharing arrangement, to take on economic dimensions. While holding superficial appeal, this paper details why pursuing this policy path would be to learn the wrong lessons from Beijing's campaign of trade disruption that began in May 2020, and make Australia both poorer and less secure. Three key data points are highlighted that collectively support an assessment that the Australian government's traditional trade policy approach, emphasising open regionalism, remains overwhelmingly fit for purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localization Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) inside the human small intestine is a hard issue for a decade. This is due to long, curly, and compact structure small intestine. Some of the techniques as Radio Frequency (RF), Vision based and Magnetic type have been proposed. To be more important, any one of the techniques as RF, Vision or Magnetic shows that the poor performance in terms of localization error and accuracy. To address these issues, in this paper a hybrid RF with Vision aware Fusion scheme (RF-VaF) is proposed under multisensor. In RF based approach, Time of Flight and Received Signal Strength Indicator are presented. In vision based approach, Siamese CapsNet is proposed for frames registration, correlation maps generation, and pixel based matching point's prediction. A multi-feature extraction (color, edge, intensity and texture) is executed by Spatial Transformer Network for consecutive frames. In particular, this will be fed into the Siamese CapsNet. Similarly, Canberra distance is computed in the softmax layer for localization. The results from RF and Vision are fused into find the accurate position. In this step, hydrological cycle optimization algorithm is proposed. With this step, WCE can be accurately predicted at the end. One of the novel steps here is adjusting the Receiver's Position by Positioning Metric. Finally, the performance is computed by using Matlab R2019b. From the results, it is proved that the RF-VaF is outperforms than the previous works by following metrics as Average Localization Error [5.41], Root Mean Square Error [6.76], Normalized Error [6.775], Localization Accuracy [96.43%], Localization Error [5.14%], Sensitivity [96.6%] and also Specificity [96.5%]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview of the submission provided by the Defence Reserves Association (DRA) to the Defence team conducting the Defence Strategic Review (DSR) into Australian Defence Force (ADF) is described in this paper. The DRA has long advocated for a better resourced and more integrated Reserve component to boost ADF capacity, both in current and contingency operational tasks. The effectiveness of the Reserve in recent regional deployments and in domestic disaster relief operations has often been acknowledged and praised, but no one would contend that resourcing of the Reserve or integrated planning for their optimisation has been a priority at the strategic centre in Canberra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the Australian Economic congress held in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory from August 28, 1988 to September 2, 1988, which aims to bring together econometricians, economists, economic historians and business people. Persons from whom papers were invited for the conference; Feature of the registration process for the conference; Papers presented during the conference.

The principal ethics committee in Australia's Capital, Canberra, underwent a major revision in the last three years based on changes debated in the literature. Committee or Board structure varies widely; regulations determining minimum size and membership differ between countries. Issues such as the effectiveness of committee management, consumption of paper, timelines for review, and causes of delay were key issues for im.provement. Several new practices were adopted, the first being a subcommittee to manage the review of low or minimal risk projects, successfully relieving the workload of the main committee. Adoption of electronic processes and documentation resulted in less paper, more streamlined review and sharing of applications. Effective time management for meeting schedules, electronic coordination of meeting agenda items and protocol distribution for review successfully reduced delays in reviews. Assigning lead members for all ethical reinews strengthened committee fiinction by sharing out agenda items, allowing committee members to focus on specific protocols. Ready communication with researchers is an intrinsic and highly successfid part of committee practice. There appears to be advantage in central allocation of projects for review, but the local input from boards or committees brings great value. The rebuilding of the ACT committee has improved both process efficiency and relationships with researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world different data sets are available on which regression or classification algorithms of machine learning are applied. One of the classification algorithms is k-nearest neighbor (kNN) which computes distance amongst various rows in a dataset. The performance of kNN is evaluated based on K -value and distance metric used, where K is the total count of neighboring elements. Many different distance metrics have been used by researchers in literature, one of them is Canberra distance metric. In this paper the performance of kNN based on Canberra distance metric is measured on different datasets, further the proposed Canberra distance metric, namely, Modified Euclidean-Canberra Blend Distance (MECBD) metric has been applied to the kNN algorithm which led to improvement of class prediction efficiency on the same datasets measured in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score for different values of k. Further, this study depicts that MECBD metric use led to improvement in accuracy value 80.4% to 90.3%, 80.6% to 85.4% and 70.0% to 77.0% for various data sets used. Also, implementation of ROC curves and auc for k = 5 is done to show the improvement is kNN model prediction which showed increase in auc values for different data sets, for instance increase in auc values from 0.873 to 0.958 for Spine (2 Classes) dataset, 0.857 to 0.940, 0.983 to 0.983 (no change), 0.910 to 0.957 for DH, SL and NO class for Spine (3 Classes) data set and 0.651 to 0.742 for Haberman's data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the aftermath of a firestorm, many survivors will spend time with the ruins of their homes, fossicking through the rubble or simply being present with the transformed space. Through a series of oral history interviews with survivors of the 2003 Canberra firestorm in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), this paper investigates ruined homes as spaces imbued with memory – of the fire itself, of life before the fires, and of a once imagined future. By examining the first hours and days after the firestorm, we explore the complex temporalities and spatial meanings at play in spaces that are simultaneously understood as both home and ruins. We argue that the unmaking of home by fire is a gradual process. In resistance to the rapid destruction of fire, and before the clearing of ruins by demolition crews, many firestorm survivors enact a slow and embodied process of unmaking. This enactment allows both a coming to terms with the fire's material impacts and a careful engagement with the space's mnemonic resonances. It provides important lessons for a 21st century where more frequent and intense disasters will continue to result in engagement with home-in-ruins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Encouraging existing plasma donors to donate more frequently is a key objective for blood collection organizations committed to improving plasma self‐sufficiency through voluntary non‐remunerated donations. The aim of this paper is to present results from a pilot trial testing whether an in‐centre discount voucher reward could increase retention and donation frequency among new and repeat plasma donors. Materials and Methods: A sample of n = 1242 new and repeat plasma donors who presented to donate at the Civic Plasma Donor Centre in Canberra, Australia, over a 14‐week period participated in the trial. Of this group, n = 253 were offered a discount voucher for a local cafe (intervention group) and n = 989 received the business as usual approach in the donor centre (control group). The subsequent donation behaviour of participants was monitored over three months. Results: Overall, 69·6% accepted the discount voucher, with 18·2% of those redeeming it. Those who accepted the voucher were younger and less experienced plasma donors. The intervention did not significantly increase the likelihood of return to donate compared to the control group; however, it did reduce the time to return to donate plasma. The overall rate of donation within 3 months was also significantly higher for donors who were offered the incentive than for the control group. Declining the offer did not negatively impact donors' return behaviour. Conclusion: This paper provides new insights around strategies to increase plasma donation frequency, as well as donor response to introducing a discount voucher reward within a voluntary non‐remunerated donation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Shading is one of the cases that has effectivity on the household energy consumption. Shadings can be used either in horizontal or vertical form adjacent to the building's window in order to control the sunlight. In this paper, a multi‐objective optimization is conducted to simultaneously reduce the annual electricity consumption and augment the electricity production with the application of photovoltaic shadings installed over the building window. To initiate the multi‐objective optimization, four design variables based on the positioning and geometry of photovoltaic shading are selected and test samples are simulated through EnergyPlus software. The model is three‐floor building located in Tehran, Iran. Next, the Morris sensitivity analysis (MSA) is implemented to calculate the extent to which each design variable affects the objective functions. Afterwards, the relation between the design variables and objective functions is extracted through the regression modeling using GMDH type‐ANN and the equations extracted are then utilized as inputs for genetic algorithm to conduct a Pareto‐based optimization. The results demonstrate that the maximum sunlight reception is attributed to the PV shading in southern direction of the building and its optimal tilt angle is 19.6 considering an annual period. There are slight changes to the tilt angle while seasonal period is considered for the calculations. The results also show that the use of solar shadings can reduce electricity consumption by approximately 4 to 11, 1 to 4, and 10 to 22% for an annual period, winter and summer season, respectively. At the end, the numerical data for the city of Tehran is compared to the cities of Canberra and Macapa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing cars is a highly difficult task due to the wide variety in the appearance of cars from the same car manufacturer. Therefore, the car logo is the most prominent indicator of the car manufacturer. The captured logo image suffers from several problems, such as a complex background, differences in size and shape, the appearance of noise, and lighting circumstances. To solve these problems, this paper presents an effective technique for extracting and recognizing a logo that identifies a car. Our proposed method includes four stages: First, we apply the kmedoids clustering method to extract the logo and remove the background and noise. Secondly, the logo image is converted to grayscale and also converted to a binary image using Otsu's method. Thirdly, the Daubechies wavelet with DCT transforms is applied to extract a feature vector for each image. Finally, the Canberra distance is used to match the tested image's feature vector to all feature vectors in the database. The test results indicate the highest CRR, accuracy, and precision at 99.37%, 99.39%, and 99.80%, respectively. This system is applicable to intelligent surveillance systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper traces the Australian capital city of Canberra's representation through official, government-sponsored, Australian documentary films made between 1900 and 1945. Through a small sample of selected films, that are well preserved and held in the national film archives, we discuss their filmic intention, form, technical production and reception. In these forty plus years which end prior to the advent of technicolour, there was a progression in technical sophistication of the genre from silent to sound, and from newsreel-style reportage of pomp and ceremony towards more informal, aspirational pictures that attempt to conjure how everyday lives could be lived in the fledgling city of Canberra. We suggest that these kinds of films, that might be dismissed as mere propaganda, are useful in adding to our understanding of how documentaries became a tool in the representation and communication of a rapidly shifting national identity, that was advanced concurrently through the planning and building of a new capital city and the evolution of documentary films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper begins by critically reviewing the theoretical basis underpinning use of economic coercion to shift a target country's political positions, drawing attention to the likelihood of success being context-dependent. Six case studies are then documented where a coercive frame is evident in reporting and commentary to interpret Chinese actions taken against Australian exports since 2017. These show that trade impacts of Chinese actions have generally been modest in scale, short-lived and/or significantly mitigated. Canberra's political positions have also not become more aligned with Beijing's. The discussion informs assessment of coercive risks consequent to Australia's trade exposure to China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy development in early childhood is a predictor of success in later life. As such, monitoring the development of young children and, where appropriate, intervening to support that development is of critical importance. However, resources available to support early childhood development are limited and must be allocated in the most efficient way possible. In this paper, we discuss the role of spatial targeting in the allocation of those resources. We compare two Australian cities, Greater Sydney and Canberra, and explore the clustering of areas of high and low developmental vulnerability. We find that while spatial targeting may be appropriate in some areas, in others, differences in the spatial clustering of developmental vulnerability may mean that other targeting strategies would be more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classification of the meteorites is very complex, but in general all meteorites can be divided into three groups: stony, iron and stony-iron. Ordinary chondrites are the most numerous group among stony meteorites. In this paper, we present short review of the methods of classification of ordinary chondrites. The classical method for the classification of ordinary chondrites is based on the determination of the content of fayalite in olivine and of the content of ferrosilite in pyroxene with the use of electron microprobe. This method was proposed in 1967. Studies on the application of Mössbauer spectroscopy to classification of ordinary chondrites were carried out since early 2000 in four Mössbauer laboratories. Mössbauer groups from Kanpur, Ekaterinburg and Canberra suggested qualitative methods of classification of ordinary chondrites. Warsaw group created quantitative method called the "4M method". This name derives from following words: meteorites, Mössbauer spectroscopy, multidimensional discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis distance. In this publication, we describe the use of 4M method for reclassification of meteorite Goronyo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Church in the World / Crkva u Svijetu is the property of University of Split, Catholic Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Urban Policy & Research is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biometric-based recognition is a method of verification that relies on the biological characteristics of each individual. It is processed based on its additional properties of being identical, portable and difficult to reproduce. The paper presents a palmprint recognition system based on texture features using wavelet transformation, for keeping personnel entry records in large enterprises. Using simple approaches--Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) and Standard Deviation (δ)--the study extracts some texture characteristics from the ROI images which are then matched using Canberra, Euclidean and Manhattan distance methods. Among all captured images of datasets, K images per user are used to create the training set, with K ranging from 1 to 4. In image recognition mode, they are compared with the remaining images. The true acceptance rate is used to represent the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently I completed a performative (creative) PhD in the School of Creative Communication (now the Faculty of Design and Creative Practice) at the University of Canberra, Australia, where such doctorates were established only in 2002. Since I completed in 2006, I have been contemplating some process issues that emerged during my three and a half year's studies. While conferring with fellow students and colleagues at three universities in England, I found that the many of the problems they encountered were similar and so were not due uniquely to the innovative phase that I encountered, but were part of a wider scenario. At my university, the requirements for a creative doctorate are a creative component (equivalent to about 60,000 words) and a theoretical component (exegesis) of about 30,000 words. The physical outcome of my thesis is two artist's books: one, Tissue, is autobiographical, while questioning the nature of autobiography, memory and identity. The other, Re-Picturing My Life, is the theoretical component, examining several paradigms including issues of methodology; the value of art as research; theories of memory, identity, autobiography, and human interactions with objects. I have placed some of my text/images in this paper to provide a taste of the work in my thesis. My paper reflects on performative work in the context of academic research, and the resilience, determination and sense of humour needed to complete a doctorate successfully in this valuable area of endeavour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

President Joe Biden's assertion that "America is back" and will embrace "strategic competition" with the People's Republic of China has been welcomed in Australia as a sign that the United States is returning to a "normal" grand strategy after the turbulence of the Trump administration. This article argues, however, that this is a problematic assumption as it ignores the question of how American grand strategy choices are made and articulated. Here, Australians need to be much more cognisant of the competing political cultures of statecraft (Hamiltonian, Wilsonian, Jeffersonian, and Jacksonian) at play in American grand strategy. The article argues that each presents a "historical repertoire" that provides multiple narratives for leaders or strategists to draw upon to guide particular grand strategy choices and demonstrates their significance through an analysis of the approaches to American grand strategy of both the Obama and Trump adminstrations and an initial assessment of the role of the political cultures of statecraft in shaping the emergent grand strategy approach of the Biden administration. The paper concludes that a focus on interpreting the grand strategy preferences of the United States fundamentally challenges the bipartisan assumption upon which current Australian strategic policy rests: that the United States maintains not only the capability but also the will to sustain its position of primacy in international affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a diplomatic reflection based on a long connection with Australia and Australians and a posting to Canberra as Japanese ambassador (1998-2001). Key issues that have caused tension in the relationship and the process towards the development of mature bilateral relations are discussed. Finally, the paper argues that the bilateral relationship will continue to develop and prosper and that this is in the interests of both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual-purpose cropping (sowing crops with the intention of both grazing them during vegetative growth and harvesting grain thereafter) has become a widespread farming practice in southern Australia. This synopsis paper integrates research from a multi-institutional research project conducted at three nodes located near Hamilton (south-western Victoria), Wagga Wagga (southern NSW) and Canberra (ACT), and sets out 11 principles for the effective utilisation of dual-purpose crops in meat production systems to increase profit and manage risk. Dual-purpose crops can be used to overcome feed quality gaps in late summer–autumn or feed quantity gaps in late autumn/winter. They provide large quantities of high-quality forages for grazing in summer, autumn and winter and can provide a substantial contribution to the annual number of grazing days on a farm. Utilisation of the high-quality dry matter provided by dual-purpose crops is most effective when directed at young growing stock for sale or future reproduction rather than reproducing adult ewes. For example, sale weight of yearlings per ewe was increased by 16% in systems at the Canberra node when dual-purpose crops were prioritised for grazing by weaners. Wool production was also increased in systems that included grazing of dual-purpose crops. Grazing crops in winter does not necessarily reduce supplementary feeding costs for winter or spring lambing. Modelling suggests that inclusion of dual-purpose crops does not substantially change the optimum time of lambing for sheep meat systems. Financial analysis of the experimental data from the Canberra node showed that although cash expenses per hectare were increased in the crop-grazing systems, the overall profitability of those systems over the life of the experiment was greater by AU$207/ha.year than that of the pasture-only system. Factors driving improved profitability included income from grain, higher income from meat and wool, and lower supplementary feeding costs. However, increasing the area sown to crop from 10% to 30% of the farm area in this Southern Tablelands system appeared to increase risk. In south-western Victoria, spring-sown canola carried risk similar to or less than other options assessed to achieve ewe-lamb mating weight. It is likely that at least part of the reduction in risk occurs through the diversification in income from the canola produced as part of the system. It was concluded that the grazing of cereal and canola crops for livestock production can be profitable and assist in managing risk. 'Step changes in meat production systems from dual-purpose crops in the feedbase' was a multi-institutional research program funded by Meat & Livestock Australia. This special issue of Animal Production Science includes key papers from that research program. This synopsis paper integrates research findings across the three nodes of the project and draws out 11 principles for the effective utilisation of dual-purpose crops in meat production systems to increase profit and manage risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the history of a proposal for an ideas-based museum of ecological concepts, a 'National Biological Centre' for Canberra in 1965, and its successors.2 The background to the proposal came from changing ideas about zoos in the 1960s, and the emerging discipline of human ecology. The mission of the centre was to explore the relations between humans, other life-forms and their physical environment through what its chief protagonist, Stephen Boyden, called a comprehensive 'bionarrative'.3 The centre was to facilitate the understanding of biophysical and social worlds as interrelated dynamic systems. The Biological Centre was conceived as a 'major cultural institution' for the nation, reflecting relations between science and society, and informing culture with science.4 Unlike traditional natural history museums and zoos, collections of objects (or animals) were not its primary mission. This paper considers how the 1965 proposal for the Biological Centre anticipated later 'museums of ideas', and reviews its relevance to new twenty-first-century museums of the Anthropocene, and how museums and related institutions can shed light on the role of science in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper scrutinizes criticisms of Mark Oliphant and his quest to build a cyclo-synchrotron in Canberra in the 1950s by analysing various portrayals of him, paying particular attention to the ways these portrayals, despite being written in different decades, are teleologically driven and reinforce a perception of failure. It addresses the key criticisms levelled at Oliphant: his 'difficult' personality, his perceived political naïveté and his inability to adjust to the new technological paradigm of Big Science. It questions whether these portrayals represent legitimate criticism or ideological positioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residential building sector & transportation sector has received significant attention in recent years due to carbon emissions affecting the livelihoods of humans. Electric vehicles (EVs) are poised to play a vital role in reducing dependency on non-renewable fuels and the transportation sector's environmental implications. Building integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), on the other hand, will be able to cut down the energy requirements and contribute to building sustainability. This paper evaluates the energy, economic, and environmental performances of BIPV with EV charging system systems for a building in Canberra, Australia. BIPV with EV charging can assist in fulfilling building energy needs, charging electric vehicles, and reducing grid reliance. Different load scenarios were studied to optimize system size. Different panel layouts with orientation have been studied for the 5.0kWp BIPV system, each module rating 355kWp. The annual energy output of the BIPV system was found to vary between 8.56 MWh for layout one and 7.08MWh for layout 3. It was found that the payback back of the proposed BIPV system is 4.46 years, LCOE of 0.074AUD/kWh and EV charging cost of 0.95AUD/100 km. The BIPV with EV charging system could save approximately 160,198 kgCO 2 e in GHG emissions over its lifespan. • The estimated annual energy for the BIPV system with Layout 1 is 8.56MWh. • The energy supplied to the grid was found to be positive in the BIPV system. • The performance ratio of the proposed layouts for the BIPV system is 81.7 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects our journey of implementing and refining our practice of Structured Word Inquiry across two schools in Canberra, Australia as recipients of a 2021 ALEA Research Grant award. Using a wide range of data and recursive analysis we examined the impact of implementing a Structured Word Inquiry pedagogical approach on student writing with a particular focus on spelling and vocabulary. Our driving motivation was to support our students to become expert language users through an inquiry approach. Results demonstrate a significant improvement in student spelling and vocabulary manifested in student writing across contexts. These skills will transfer well to building further literacy in secondary school learning. We are passionate about sharing with other educators the benefit of explicitly teaching English orthography in primary school classes, combining morphology, etymology and phonology to provide effective tools to harness student enthusiasm and engagement to improve writing quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries have long been crucial institutions for the humanities. However, rarely have humanities scholars reflected on how central libraries have historically been to their research and scholarship. As digitization of library and archival materials accelerate, it is timely that humanities scholars reflect more substantially on the roles of these institutions. This article starts from the premise that humanities scholarship is a networked activity in which libraries, universities, and a range of other institutions play crucial but changing roles in sustaining this work. To explore this argument, two major research libraries in Australia in the 1950s and 1960s are discussed—the Mitchell Library, located in the heart of Sydney, and the National Library of Australia, located in the capital Canberra. With both libraries occupying iconic buildings erected in very different eras, they presented themselves physically as worthy of their claim to national leadership. Their status as well as the actual physical spaces of the libraries played significant roles in shaping how humanities research was conducted within them in this period as well as the scholarly persona of those undertaking this research. Similarly, the seemingly quotidian practices of such libraries were central to molding modern research cultures of the Australian humanities. The practices of collection management and acquisition in the 1950s and 1960s were crucial to the formation of particular fields of study and to their growing prominence in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public relations scholarship has only briefly mentioned George Fitzpatrick, an Australian industry pioneer. This paper -- based largely on archival material, contemporary articles, and other published primary sources -- seeks to redress this gap in PR historiography. It examines Fitzpatrick's family background, business networks, and diverse career, which included PR and government lobbying activities at a time when publicity practice in Australia was thought to be confined to the film sector. From journalist origins, Fitzpatrick moved into consultancy and pro bono PR work on behalf of governments, business, and charitable organisations. His PR campaigns, grounded in research trips to America and Europe in the 1930s, reflected considerable understanding of the 'science of persuasion' to influence public opinion. Fitzpatrick's strategies included editorial, direct mail, advertising, events, and lobbying. In 1946 Fitzpatrick faced sensational allegations concerning his gambling businesses, from which he does not appear to have recovered. This paper concludes that although Fitzpatrick's reputation was strongly damaged, his earlier charitable and political campaigns encapsulated PR practices well prior to the professional PR era in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines images of nationhood in the capital cities of the USA and Australia – Washington, DC (hereafter referred to as Washington) and Canberra, respectively. The images examined have generally originated from the plans of architects, yet they have been endlessly replicated via images in brochures, websites, postcards and other forms of tourism promotion. This paper examines architectural signifiers of these two national capital cities by undertaking an analysis of significant landmarks and monuments in Washington and Canberra (and how these represent the nation and national identity). Textual analysis, in particular, semiotics (examining how signs generate meaning), is a suitable methodology for deconstructing representations of national imagery. A combination of observational research, secondary research and semiotic analysis is undertaken to analyse the ways in which national identity has been communicated to tourists in the similar capital cities of the USA and Australia. This paper focuses on ‘Representation and National Image/Identity’ and ‘The Role of the Built Environment in Image and Representation’ – two of the research themes identified for this ‘Global Change and Tourism in National Capitals’ special edition of Current Issues in Tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Canberra, the capital of Australia, is a city with two modes of mechanised passenger travel: traditional bus and automobile. Canberra's population of 352,000 is relatively spread out with a low overall average population density. Recently, the local government (the government of the Australian Capital Territory) submitted a bid to the Australian federal government to fund a light-rail system for the city. This paper examines the issues of serving low and medium density communities with light rail, using Canberra as a case study. The paper qualitatively and quantitatively outlines the socioeconomic and demographic profile of Canberra, with a focus on centres of population and economic density; reviews the literature on Light-Rail Transit (LRT) and other 'structural' transit, which includes significant fixed capital investment such as Bus-Rapid Transit (BRT) for low-to-medium density areas; and analyses what an LRT in Canberra would look like if it is to be financially and operationally sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of a school kitchen garden in the lives of its volunteers. The garden, located at the Majura Primary School in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia, is the first Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden (SAKG) in the ACT. Since its launch on 25 March 2010, it has acted as the demonstration site for SAKG in the ACT. While other schools in the ACT have kitchen gardens, they do not operate under the management of a formal programme such as the SAKG scheme. Literature on school kitchen gardens provides some empirical evidence on the benefits of school kitchen gardens for children (primarily from the pedagogical, environmental and health perspectives), but there is scant literature on the various ways in which a kitchen garden may affect the various stakeholders involved in its community. These stakeholders include parents and volunteers associated with the establishment and ongoing support of the school kitchen garden. This paper begins to address this gap in the literature by exploring the experiences of adult volunteers associated with the Majura Primary School kitchen garden. A key finding was that volunteers experienced unexpected benefits, as well as challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many parts of Australia have experienced their worst single- and multi-year droughts on record over the last decade. These recent climate conditions have severely stressed our water supply systems and the communities that depend on them. With the threat of climate change potentially further exacerbating droughts in the years ahead, Engineers Australia firmly believes that: (i) A national review of the adequacy of drought response plans is urgently required. A recent national overview of long-term water resources planning by the Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (ATSE, 2007) revealed large inconsistencies and inadequacies in the standard of that planning. Based on the knowledge of the authors of this paper, similar outcomes are expected in the area of drought response planning. The scope of the review should include assessment of the transparency and defensibility of the timing of implementation of drought response actions; (ii) Continuing investment is needed in climate research to better understand the underlying drivers of our climate variability and their interactions at a range of time scales. The majority of research to date has focused on short -term sea surface temperature or pressure differentials across the globe (eg. the El Niño/Southern Oscillation) without understanding the longer-term drivers behind these temperature and pressure responses, which are being investigated through the Indian Ocean Climate Initiative and, more recently, the South East Australia Climate Initiative. This investment should include consolidation for and communication to the water industry of existing knowledge of links between long-term climate variability and key climate drivers including Earth’s orbital cycles, solar activity, atmospheric chemistry, major volcanic eruptions, surface and deeper ocean circulations (including the thermohaline circulation – the “great ocean conveyor belt”), sea ice, and major bush fires; (iii) Greater collaboration is required between climatologists, paleoclimatologists and water resource engineers to take advantage of recent scientific advances that have direct implications for drought response planning. Engineers Australia proposes that the National Water Commission should conduct a national forum to bring these three industry groups together with the aim of providing meaningful, useful advice to water industry practitioners from the latest climate research and to guide research activities towards more practical outcomes. This will enable water resource planners to better understand natural climate variability in the longer term and appropriately take into account greenhouse gas induced climate change, including an understanding of uncertainties surrounding both current and future climate; (iv) The development of an industry standard end-use demand model for urban areas should be accelerated. The absence of an industry standard tool in this area currently inhibits the ability to rapidly assess the financial costs of imposing restrictions on particular sectors of the community versus supply augmentation costs to avoid those restrictions. Such a tool is needed to make informed decisions about preparedness to pay for new infrastructure to avoid or reduce restrictions; and (v) More sophisticated water products and market mechanisms have a strong role to play in better managing scarce resources between similar types of users during times of drought. This has become increasingly important with demand hardening over recent decades, which has reduced the water savings that are achievable from water restrictions. Any expansion of water markets as a drought management tool must, however, occur within a regulatory framework that seeks to achieve equitable social outcomes by acknowledging the inherent social value of water to communities and the food security value of water to the nation. It is acknowledged in preparing this position paper that our understanding of drought and our responses to it are rapidly changing, particularly in light of climate change. This is particularly the case with the current reviews of aspects of the National Drought Policy, which were being undertaken by several government agencies at the time of drafting this paper. It is hoped that this position paper will encourage both greater dialogue and investment in drought forecasting, planning, adaptation and mitigation to enable Australia to be well placed to cope with future climate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to examine the ambiguous place of Canberra within the political geography of Australia, through exploring the place of the city among a particular category of political actors—lobbyists. Drawing on a series of interviews with lobbyists working for interest groups, government relations firms, or as freelancers, the city is presented as a central site of lobbying within the national polity through two key (and related) dimensions: the city as a site of localised political knowledge, or metis; and Canberra as a place of 'urban buzz' or situated communicative interaction. The paper concludes both with a discussion of how these concepts may help us to better understand the political behaviours of lobbyists, and how the observed spatial imaginations and practice of lobbyists in Canberra interacts with the theorisation of 'urban buzz'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Woolshed Creek fossil site near the Royal Military College, Duntroon, Canberra, contains brachiopods Atrypa duntroonensis (early Homerian, early Silurian, ca 430.5 Ma) within a mudstone of the Canberra Formation. Their discovery in 1844 by the Reverend William B. Clarke ("the Father of Australian Geology"), and subsequent comparison with other fossil collections from around the world, contributed significantly to the nineteenth century debate about the oldest rocks in Australia. The fossil site is now on the ACT Government Heritage List and recent site improvements make it readily accessible via a pathway from the sports grounds of the Royal Military College. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community gardens are often considered to be therapeutic landscapes capable of supporting wellbeing and recovery particularly for members of vulnerable or disadvantaged groups such as refugees. This is regularly identified as resulting from the capacity for communal garden activities to enable realisation of self-efficacy, the formation of social connections and the assumed benefits of "being" in nature. These approaches tend to privilege anthropocentric perspectives that perpetuate conceptions of a human/nature binary. As such, existing literature has paid little attention to the role in refugee recovery of the visceral, affective force of matter encountered in the embodied act of gardening. By adopting such an approach, this paper aims to tease out the particularities of how bodies in these places engage with the ecological experiences of their new homes. Such encounters are never simply harmonious. They can reinforce dislocation while concurrently providing sites where gardeners are able to strengthen their adaptive capabilities via experimentation. To understand the utility of community gardening to support refugee recovery we argue it is necessary to not only attend to human participants and issues of design, infrastructure, and garden management, but also to the impact of particular forms of human and more-than-human entanglements that emerge in these spaces. In so doing we suggest that the notion of community and belonging in these settings should be broadened to more deeply engage with the more-than-human. To explore this, we focus on a small-scale, in-depth case study of a food-producing garden established for Burmese refugees in Canberra, Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political national capitals provide the location for national institutions, represent national values and are the seat of government. Despite the importance of political national capital cities as tourism destinations, they may be faced with a poor image and perceptions from potential tourists because of their association with government and negative media coverage. This paper presents research undertaken to examine the images, values and perceptions that Australian's hold of Canberra (the national capital) and to explore whether perceptions differed based on previous visitation. The results suggest that a significant number of images and perceptions changed if respondents had visited Canberra previously. Furthermore, a visit can lead to an increased agreement that the national capital represents national values. Three cluster segments were also determined and named the misinformed, the capital lovers and the uninformed based on their characteristics. The paper concludes by suggesting both tourism agencies and national capital agencies should work more closely together in fostering greater visitation to political capitals which will help to build feelings of nationhood as well as correct negative destination perceptions. doi:10.1300/J073v22n03_04 [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Discusses personal papers and photographs of the late dancer Peggy van Praagh in the National Library of Australia, located in Canberra. Acquisition of the material in three stages between 1986 and 1999; Van Praagh's role as founding artistic director of the Australian Ballet; Photographs from the library's collection showing van Praagh's growing artistic maturity.