Search

Abstract\nNOVELTYThis study investigates the treatment of combined wastewater from Hattar Industrial Estate using Biofilm Wetlands (BW) planted with monoculture species: Eichhornia crassipes (EAC), Pistia stratiotes (WL), and Arundo donax (GR). Each species showed distinct capabilities in organic degradation, metal uptake, and pH stabilization. BW2, planted with EAC, achieved the highest total solids (TS) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiencies of 66% and 65%, respectively. GR effectively reduced initial COD concentrations from 232 mg/L to 58.67 mg/L, while EAC and WL reached reductions to 72.78 mg/L and 70.67 mg/L, respectively. Overall, the plant efficiency ranking was EAC > GR > WL. These findings underscore the potential of these plant species in synergistic BW systems, highlighting their role as natural solutions for remediating complex industrial effluents. This research contributes to advancing eco-friendly wastewater treatment approaches, suggesting promising applications for sustainable practices in industrial contexts.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSThis research assessed the effectiveness of phytoremediation using Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, and Arundo donax for removing pollutants i.e. heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Hg) nitrates, phosphates and sulfates from combined industrial wastewater of Hattar Industrial Estate Pakistan.It highlighted the potential of selected plant species’ as natural treatment systems, providing crucial insights into their efficiency.Findings contribute to understanding nature-based solutions for complex industrial effluents.This research assessed the effectiveness of phytoremediation using Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, and Arundo donax for removing pollutants i.e. heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Hg) nitrates, phosphates and sulfates from combined industrial wastewater of Hattar Industrial Estate Pakistan.It highlighted the potential of selected plant species’ as natural treatment systems, providing crucial insights into their efficiency.Findings contribute to understanding nature-based solutions for complex industrial effluents.This study harnessed the potential of three macrophytes to tackle industrial effluents, marking their debut in wastewater treatment. By championing environmentally conscious practices, it underscores the need for effective industrial wastewater management while promoting greener and more sustainable approaches within the industrial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-biodegradable Congo red (CR) dye which is widely used in textile industries has poses carcinogenic risks due to its complex reactions that may generate benzidine. Effective treatment of industrial effluent containing CR dye is imperative. This study assessed chitosan (Cs) and chitosan/fly ash (Cs/Fa) composites for biosorbing CR dye from synthetic textile wastewater. Fly ash varied in the range of (1:0.25–1:1) with chitosan to assess adsorption performance. Characterization techniques included FTIR, SEM, EDX, BET, and zeta potential analyses. Response surface methodology guided the determination of optimal variables. The study examined Cs and Cs/Fa dosage (A), time (B), and initial dye concentration (C) effects on CR removal. Incorporating fly ash substantially cut adsorption costs by 50% while enhancing dye removal up to 85% at pH 6. Improved acidic stability of chitosan (Cs/Fa 1:0.75) was notable. Chitosan (Cs) exhibited a high Congo red removal efficiency of 98% while the chitosan/fly ash (Cs/Fa) composites showed a substantial removal efficiency of 94%. Optimal conditions were 2 g L−1 of adsorbents, initial CR concentration of 40 mg L−1 for 120 min. Freundlich isotherm model best described adsorption behavior. Pseudo-second-order kinetics correlated significantly (R2 = 0.999). This study showed the potential of Cs and Cs/Fa bio-composites for effective textile wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review embarks on a comprehensive journey, exploring the application of lignocellulosic biomass materials as highly effective adsorbents for the removal of textile dyes (cationic and anionic dyes) from wastewater. A literature review and analysis were conducted to identify existing gaps in previous research on the use of lignocellulosic biomass for dye removal. This study investigates the factors and challenges associated with dye removal methods and signifies their uses. The study delves into the pivotal role of several parameters influencing adsorption, such as contact time, pH, concentration, and temperature. It then critically examines the adsorption isotherms, unveiling the equilibrium relationship between adsorbent and dye and shedding light on the mechanisms of their interaction. The adsorption process kinetics are thoroughly investigated, and a detailed examination of the adsorbed rate of dye molecules onto lignocellulosic biomass materials is carried out. This includes a lively discussion of the pseudo-first, pseudo-second, and intra-particle diffusion models. The thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption process are also addressed, elucidating the feasibility and spontaneity of the removal process under various temperature conditions. The paper then dives into desorption studies, providing insights into the regeneration potential of lignocellulosic biomass materials for sustainable reusability. The environmental impact and cost-effectiveness of employing lignocellulosic biomass materials in textiles including Congo Red, Reactive Black 5, Direct Yellow 12, Crystal Violet, Malachite Green, Acid Yellow 99, and others dyes from wastewater treatment are discussed, emphasizing the significance of eco-friendly solutions. In summary, this review brings together a wealth of diverse studies and findings to present a comprehensive overview of lignocellulosic biomass materials as adsorbents for textile cationic and anionic dye removal, encompassing various aspects from influential parameters to kinetics, adsorption isotherms, desorption, and thermodynamics studies. Its scope and other considerations are also discussed along with its benefits. The collective knowledge synthesized in this paper is intended to contribute to the advancement of sustainable and efficient water treatment technologies in the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The color of textile wastewater is still a main problem in wastewater treatment by biological processes. The colored effluents from textile factories usually exceed effluent standards. Therefore, various innovations were developed to treat textile wastewater for decolorization in the effluents. This research aims to decolorize textile wastewater by immobilizing white rot fungi degradation. At first, the 11 fungal stains were tested to find the decolorized efficiency then the high decolorized efficiency fungal stains were immobilized on four material media, namely water hyacinth stalks, coconut husk, corn cob, and loofah. After that, the immobilized fungi were cultivated in the culture media at 30, 60, and 120 C/N ratios, respectively. The results showed that Trametes sanguinea and Perenniporia tephropora were two stains with a high decolorized efficiency of 68.8% and 67.5% respectively, and the decolorized efficiency was increased when immobilized on loofahs and fed with 120 C/N ratio medium. In a comparison of two fungal stains, P. tephropora was found more suitable for the decolorization of textile wastewater than T. sanguinea because T. sanguinea could produce red-orange pigments that induced the colored enhancement in wastewater over time. Finally, immobilized P. tephropora was cultivated in a 120 C/N ratio medium within a 10 L continuous stirred tank reactor (8 L working volume) to investigate the decolorized efficiency, enzymatic activity, and repeated batch. It was found that three repeated cycles were carried out by reusing the immobilized P. tephropora and the highest decolorized efficiency was 63.4%. The enzymatic activity of laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase was 15.5 U/L, 85.9 U/L, and 0 U/L, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to enormous quantities with hazards and complexity in nature is a big challenge for effective treatment of wastewater from pharmaceutical processes including herbal extraction through conventional methods of distillation. The situation is further aggravated in countries facing high rising population, urbanization, and industrialization resulting in the generation of industrial wastes. The study has been carried out in the herbal extraction industry by conducting stage-wise sampling of ETP based on the conventional method and further coupled with ozonation as an advanced treatment to comply with regulatory standards. Additionally, the same process was studied that implementing the best available technology (BAT) by providing ETP with advanced technology modules such as MBR (membrane bioreactor) + RO + O3 has not only resulted in compliance with standards but also reuse of treated wastewater into the process and utilities has been proved to be techno-economically a viable and sustainable option. Modifying existing aeration tanks and advanced oxidation through ozone injection post-biological treatment has resulted in COD and BOD reduction of 96.42% and 99.0% respectively. Whereas in the case of MBR + RO + O3, the values of pH, BOD, COD, TSS, and sulfide have been observed as 8.32, 2.0 mg.L-1, 14.0 mg.L-1, 1.0 mg.L-1 and 0.0 mg.L-1 respectively and 98% recovery of treated effluent, thus saving 44 KL.day-1 of freshwater resulting into significant financial benefits of Rupees 12.59 lacs annually, which otherwise was outsourced through tankers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile dyes are frequently disposable in aqueous effluents, making it difficult to remove them from industrial effluents before their release to natural waters. This paper deals with the fabrication of cellulose-based adsorbents by reacting nanocelulose crystalline (nanocel) with N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (TMSPEDA), forming the hybrid (silylpropyl)ethylenediamine@nanocellulose (SPEDA@nanocel), which was employed as adsorbent for the uptake of reactive yellow 2 dye (RY-2) from aqueous effluents. Characterisation of SPEDA@nanocel was carried out using FTIR, SEM–EDS, XRD, TGA, surface area, pHpzc, and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity ratio (HI). Also, adsorption studies were thoroughly investigated. The effect of initial pH indicated that the maximum uptake of RY-2 takes place at pH 2, which is an indication of the electrostatic mechanism. The kinetic data carried out with 250 and 500 mg L−1 RY-2 with SPEDA@nanocel followed better the nonlinear fractional-like pseudo-first-order model. The t0.5 and t0.95 for the dye uptake were about 30 and 141 min, respectively. The equilibrium data from 10 to 45 °C indicated that the Liu isotherm model was the best-fitted isothermal model. The maximum sorption capacity attained was 112.3 mg g−1 at 45 °C. The thermodynamic data have shown that the equilibrium was favorable and endothermic, and the ΔH° was compatible with an electrostatic attraction between RY-2 and SPEDA@nanocel. Experiments of desorption of loaded adsorbent showed promising results for real applications since at least 5 adsorption/desorption cycles could be employed without significant changes in the recovery and with high precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces an innovative design for a bubble column tailored for catalytic ozonation. A semi-batch reactor was employed with strategically positioned baffles to accommodate catalysts throughout the column. These baffles, constructed with a specially designed mesh-type material, not only served as catalyst supports but also provided an additional active surface for efficient mass transfer on both macro and micro scales. This groundbreaking approach has advanced heterogeneous catalysis by utilizing a multi-structured scaffold enriched with chemically active species. The dual role of the baffles was envisioned to enhance the physical absorption of ozone gas into the liquid and catalytic action in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through ozone decomposition. However, it is crucial to note that any alteration in the column’s geometry can influence the mass transfer resistance. The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of the newly constructed bubble column by determining hydrodynamic parameters. For the column without mesh, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) ranged between 0.007 and 0.009 1/s. Upon the incorporation of the mesh, kLa increased to values between 0.007 and 0.01 1/s. Simultaneously, the overall interphase surface rose from 42.16 ± 6.2 1/m to 53.29 ± 7.9 1/m, and the film mass transfer coefficient (kL) improved from (1.68 ± 0.1) × 10−4 to (2.13 ± 0.2) × 10−4 m/s after the mesh installation. This novel column design was specifically engineered for the treatment of textile wastewater. Dye degradation experiments demonstrated a higher rate of color removal when the mesh was inserted, surpassing traditional ozonation methods. Furthermore, the Hatta number increased from 3 to 5 with mesh usage, and the enhancement factor (E) shifted from 2.6 to 4. These enhanced Hatta values and improvement factors suggest that the new column construction successfully transitioned the operating regime from moderate to high speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is an indispensable resource for human activity and the environment. Industrial activities generate vast quantities of wastewater that may be heavily polluted or contain toxic contaminants, posing environmental and public health challenges. Different industries generate wastewater with widely varying characteristics, such as the quantity generated, concentration, and pollutant type. It is essential to understand these characteristics to select available treatment techniques for implementation in wastewater treatment facilities to promote sustainable water usage. This review article provides an overview of wastewaters generated by various industries and commonly applied treatment techniques. The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The textile industry contributes significantly to the expansion of the world economy, however, it is also notorious for producing large amounts of trash and harming the environment. Effective waste management techniques depend on having a thorough understanding of the forms and makeup of waste from the textile sector. The objective of this paper is to study effluent wastewater technologies to efficiently treat and control the wastewater produced during textile production operations. It is well known that the textile industry generates vast amounts of wastewater, some of which may be contaminated with heavy metals, chemicals, dyes, and organic compounds. This effluent can have serious negative effects on the environment if it is not adequately treated, including contaminating soil and water sources, removing aquatic life, and possibly endangering human health. Due to the inclusion of dyes, heavy metals, and other chemicals, the discharge of untreated or improperly treated effluent from textile processes leads to water contamination. Textile waste can leak hazardous compounds into the environment and contaminate the soil, both of which have an impact on air quality. The environmental impact of the textile industry is further exacerbated by the energy and resource use involved in production. At several points in the textile supply chain, waste is generated. Fibre trimmings, fly waste, and yarn waste are produced during the fibre production, spinning, and weaving operations. There are numerous ways and technologies for treating wastewater, including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), biological treatment systems, and membrane-based technologies. The formation of eco-friendly materials and advancements in recycling technology help to make the textile industry more closed-loop and sustainable. In conclusion, managing waste from the textile sector is a significant environmental concern that calls for creative solutions and environmentally friendly procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the photo-oxidation processes, the oxidants play a vital role in removing color. However, a comprehensive comparison of the three common oxidants' performance for color removal from textile wastewater has not been conducted. Also, the effect of periodate in the presence of ferrous for color removal has not been investigated extensively. The object of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of three common oxidants on the removal of color. Central composite design was employed to design the experiments and evaluate the interaction between parameters and their impact on color removal. The photo-oxidation processes were carried out under UV light irradiation (60 W) in the presence of ferrous (Fe2+) and three oxidants, namely hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium persulfate (SPS), and sodium periodate (SPI). The four main variables were the reaction time, the pH value, the concentration of oxidants, and the concentration of ferrous. Finally, the optimal values for all parameters were shown and these three processes were compared with each other. Although the UV/SPI/Fe2+ process had the highest color removal (96%), by considering all parameters, the UV/SPS/Fe2+ was a better choice because of its high efficiency, low reaction time, and low oxidant concentration. The results suggested that the photo-Fenton process could not be a good option among these processes, as it required the longest reaction time and highest oxidant concentration while achieving the lowest removal efficiency (82%). The results of this study can help with the decision-making process to select a better process for textile wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction (NOX SCR) of nitrogen oxides can be obtained from sludge in industrial waste treatment, and, due to the complex composition of sludge, NOX SCR shows various SCR efficiencies. In the current work, an SCR catalyst developed from the sludge produced with Fe/C micro-electrolysis Fenton technology (MEF) in wastewater treatment was investigated, taking into account various sludge compositions, Fe/C ratios, and contaminant contents. It was found that, at about 300 °C, the NOX removal rate could reach 100% and there was a wide decomposition temperature zone. The effect of individual components of electroplating sludge, i.e., P, Fe and Ni, on NOX degradation performance of the obtained solids was investigated. It was found that the best effect was achieved when the Fe/P was 8/3 wt%, and variations in the Ni content had a limited effect on the NOX degradation performance. When the Fe/C was 1:2 and the Fe/C/P was 1:2:0.4, the electroplating sludge formed after treatment with Fe/C MEF provided the best NOX removal rate at 100%. Moreover, the characterization results show that the activated carbon was also involved in the catalytic reduction degradation of NOX. An excessive Fe content may cause agglomeration on the catalyst surface and thus affect the catalytic efficiency. The addition of P effectively reduces the catalytic reaction temperature, and the formation of phosphate promotes the generation of adsorbed oxygen, which in turn contributes to improvements in catalytic efficiency. Therefore, our work suggests that controlling the composition in the sludge is an efficient way to modulate SCR catalysis, providing a bridge from contaminant-bearing waste to efficient catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Removal of organic dyes like methylene blue (MB) from industrial effluents serves as potential source of potable water. Photocatalytic degradation using sustainable catalyst is deemed to be an affordable solution. In this work, Nd2O3/MgO nanocomposite with different compositions (1, 3, and 5wt% Nd2O3 with MgO) have been achieved using hydrothermal synthesis and characterized extensively. Interestingly, increasing Nd2O3 proportion (1–5%) enhances light absorption, and decreases band gap and electron–hole recombination. The efficacy of the photocatalysts is tested with the degradation of MB dye, through optimizing Nd2O3/MgO proportion, contact time, catalyst dose, and pH. Interestingly, control experiments reveal that 5wt% Nd2O3/MgO achieve 99.6% degradation of MB in 90 min at pH 7, compared to 88.8% with bare MgO under same condition. Kinetic data show that 5wt% Nd2O3/MgO exhibits ca. 3 times higher degradation rate compared to MgO. For the first time, our work enable MgO-based sustainable photocatalyst development with minimum (5 wt%) rare-earth combination to achieve excellent photocatalytic degradation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a promising technology for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, including highly contaminated textile wastewater. However, membrane fouling remains a critical challenge due to reduced flux. This study investigates the efficacy of a moving bed MBR (MB‐MBR) technology for textile wastewater treatment, focusing on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, and its impact on mitigating membrane fouling. In a 50‐day study, a conventional MBR (R1) was compared with an MB‐MBR (R2) augmented with free‐floating biocarriers (accounting for 20% of the reactor volume). Both systems used flat sheet ceramic membrane modules. The results indicate that the MB‐MBR achieved superior performance, with COD and colour removal of 89% and 81%, respectively, compared with 87% and 73% in the conventional MBR. Importantly, the introduction of biocarriers eliminated the need for offline physical membrane cleaning in the MB‐MBR. The free‐floating biocarriers lowered transmembrane pressure, reduced capillary suction time and reduced fouling through their scouring action. Highlights: A conventional MBR and moving bed‐MBR were compared in textile wastewater treatment.Almost equal COD removal efficiencies were found in both operations.Higher color removals were obtained by moving bed‐MBR process.The moving bed‐MBR reduced the TMP, CST of sludge and membrane fouling propensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioelectrochemical processes are emerging as one of the most efficient and sustainable technologies for wastewater treatment. Their application for industrial wastewater treatment is still low due to the high toxicity and difficulty of biological treatment for industrial effluents. This is especially relevant in pharmaceutical industries, where different solvents, active pharma ingredients (APIs), extreme pH, and salinity usually form a lethal cocktail for the bacterial community in bioreactors. This work evaluates the impact of the anode architecture on the detoxification performance and analyzes, for the first time, the profile of some key bioremediation enzymes (catalase and esterase) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the operation of microbial electrochemical cells treating real pharmaceutical wastewater. Our results show the existence of oxidative stress and loss of cell viability in planktonic cells, while the electrogenic bacteria that form the biofilm maintain their biochemical machinery intact, as observed in the bioelectrochemical response. Monitorization of electrical current flowing in the bioelectrochemical system showed how electroactive biofilm, after a short adaptation period, started to degrade the pharma effluent. The electroactive biofilms are responsible for the detoxification of this type of industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main challenges in the treatment of industrial wastewater is the removal of oil-in-water emulsions, which are stable and therefore difficult to treat. Bacterial cellulose (BC) has structural characteristics that make it an ideal filtration membrane. Several research projects are underway to develop new materials, both biotechnological and traditional, for use in filter beds. The study examined the potential of a BC membrane filtration system for treating oily industrial wastewaters, an underexplored biomaterial in wastewater treatment. The results demonstrated that BC is highly effective at removing oily contaminants (~99%), reducing the colour and particulate matter of wastewater, as well as eliminating nearly the entire microbiological load (~99%). SEM, MEV, FTIR, XRD, and TGA confirmed the presence of oil in the interior of the membrane after filtration, characteristic peaks of its chemical composition, and a 40% reduction in crystallinity. TGA revealed an increase from three (pre-filtration) to five (post-filtration) stages of thermal degradation, indicating the retention of the contaminant in the BC. The mechanical tests demonstrated that the membrane has a tensile strength of 72.13 ± 8.22 MPa and tolerated elongation of up to 21.11 ± 4.81% prior to tearing. The BC membrane also exhibited excellent flexibility, as it could be folded >100 times at the same point without exhibiting signs of tearing. The BC surpasses traditional methods, such as activated charcoal and effluent treatment stations, in the removal of emulsified oils. The findings demonstrate that BC is promising for the treatment of industrial wastewaters, which is a field that requires continual technological innovations to mitigate the environmental impacts of the oil industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clean water is a necessity for all life to survive and flourish. However, natural waters are being continuously contaminated due to the release of waste streams in water. Hence, it is important to remove pollutants from wastewater to fulfill human needs. Conventional treatment methods are neither efficient nor economical for wastewaters that especially contain refractory toxic pollutants. This requires novel techniques like Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), that may successfully degrade persistent micropollutants more efficiently. In this study, an azo dye Acid Red 1 was removed by three AOPs, namely Photocatalytic oxidation, Ozonation and Photocatalytic Ozonation, by employing heterogenous catalysts. TiO2 was used as photocatalyst, whereas Fe-Zeolite has been further added as Ozonation catalyst. The study revealed that photocatalysis degraded only 28% Acid red dye after 15 min, whereas for ozonation, the degradation percentage was 95% in same time. In combined photocatalytic ozonation process using TiO2, 95% degradation was achieved in just 9 min and treatment time further reduced to 5 min when Fe-zeolite was added. Optimization studies for initial concentration, UV intensity and catalyst loading were performed. Finally, rate constants and Electrical Energy per Order (EEO) values were determined for all AOPs, and mechanism was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Dyes present in textile wastewater can pose various environmental problems, including toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, when released into receiving environments. Sulfidogenic bacteria play a crucial role in wastewater treatment by reducing sulfate and producing sulfide through the utilization of organic compounds in water. The resulting sulfide often transfers its electrons to another electron acceptor. This study focused on the treatment of real textile wastewater using an up‐flow sulfidogenic column bioreactor. RESULTS: The reactor was acclimated to sulfate‐reducing conditions when influent chemical oxygen demand and sulfate concentrations were 1742 and 2000 mg L−1, respectively. Subsequently, a gradual transition was made from sulfate‐reducing conditions to dye‐reducing conditions. Throughout the study, the hydraulic retention time was maintained at 1 day. CONCLUSION: The influent dye concentration was 2722 Pt‐Co, and an impressive dye removal efficiency of approximately 90 ± 2% was achieved. This corresponds to a removal rate of 2450 Pt‐Co L−1 day−1. Although the sulfide concentration in the reactor decreased in the last period, investigating the extent to which this sulfide participates in the dye removal may expand the use of sulfidogenic reactors in the treatment of real textile industry wastewater. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocoagulation has demonstrated its efficacy in treating industrial effluents by effectively removing pollutants, particularly metallic contaminants. The electrochemical processes occurring at aluminum electrodes have shown excellent performance in this regard. In this study, electrocoagulation experiments were conducted on an industrial effluent originating from an electroplating bath situated in Casablanca, Morocco. The primary objective was to eliminate chromium in the effluent and reuse the processed water for other applications within our facility. To achieve this goal, we systematically optimized various operational parameters influencing the electrocoagulation efficiency, including electrical voltage, electrode material, stirring speed, and electrode spacing. Additionally, we assessed their impact on pH, conductivity, and chromium concentration. The experiments were conducted in a well-mixed reactor using an industrial solution containing a high concentration of chromium, specifically 1 g/l of Cr (VI). The chromium removal efficiency was evaluated under specific operational conditions, including the use of aluminum electrodes, regulated voltages of 6 volts and 12 volts, an optimal stirring speed of 600 rpm, and an electrode spacing of 2 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) stands out as an extraction process that has drawn much attention due to its promising prospects in industrial wastewater treatment technology. Nevertheless, the pivotal challenge is to reach high membrane stability to overcome the obstacle of applying ELM at the industrial scale. In this study, ELM was boosted by using nanoparticles (superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe2O3)) in the stripping phase (W1) and ionic liquid (1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium-hexafluorophosphate [OMIM][PF6) in the oil phase (O) for recovering/extracting vanadium from synthetic wastewater to near completion and at the same time enhancing emulsion stability to be appropriate for industrial application. The vanadium recovery/extraction percentage has been raised significantly in 3 min to 99.6% when adding 0.01% (w/w) Fe2O3 NPs (20 to 50 nm in size) in the internal phase (W1) and 5% (v/v) [OMIM]PF6 ionic liquid in the oil phase (O). Also, the emulsion stability was considerably improved, and the leakage percentage was reduced to 16% after 3 days. The results of this study could be used in the future to remove additional heavy metal ions from industrial effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye in textile wastewater employing a novel CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal technique, resulting in a monoclinic phase of leaf-shaped CuO loaded on a hexagonal wurtzite structure of rod-shaped ZnO, as confirmed by FE-SEM and XRD analyses. Optical experiments revealed band gap energies of 1.99 eV for CuO, 2.19 eV for ZnO, and 3.34 eV for the CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite. Photocatalytic degradation experiments showcased complete elimination of a 100 mg/L RO16 solution (150 mL) after 120 min of UV light illumination and 100 min of sunlight illumination, emphasizing the nanocomposite's efficiency under both light sources. The study further delves into the application of the CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite for the degradation of actual textile wastewater samples under sunlight irradiation. The results underscore the nanocomposite's remarkable efficacy in treating RO16 in textile wastewater, positioning it as a promising candidate for sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment applications. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of advanced photocatalytic materials for textile dye degradation in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Discharge of large amounts of untreated industrial effluent into water bodies pose significant environmental challenges worldwide. This is due to the limitations of traditional wastewater treatment methods in the treatment of recalcitrant organic pollutants. Fenton processes involves the generation of hydroxyl radicals that are well suited to degrade organics in effluent water. This study focuses on reducing slag generation during Fenton processes and enhancing the reuse of nano-zero-valent iron (NZVI) through the immobilization of NZVI on activated carbon cloth (ACC) through a chitosan (CH) linker with phenol as a model pollutant. Results: Microstructural and spectroscopic techniques were employed to study the materials prepared and 37.5 wt% iron loading was achieved. Phenol degradation of 96.3% at 40 °C at pH of 3.0 with 50 mM H2O2 was achieved using ACC-CH-NZVI. Adsorption and degradation studies carried out using ACC-CH-NZVI catalyst revealed that phenol adsorption onto ACC-CH-NZVI fits the Langmuir isotherm model, following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and first-order reaction kinetics. Thermodynamic studies indicate the non-spontaneous, endothermic and irreversible nature of the removal process. Comparing ACC-CH-NZVI with ACC and ACC-CH, phenol removal using ACC drops from 87.8 to 39%, while using ACC-CH, the removal efficiency drops from 73 to 20.9% and using ACC-CH-NZVI, phenol removal drops from 96.3 to about 70% and total organic carbon removal drops from 79 to about 60% with minimal iron leaching, highlighting the superior performance of ACC-CH-ZVI and the role of NZVI in enhancing phenol removal. Conclusions: The catalyst demonstrated good stability for phenol degradation to about 70% phenol removal from simulated wastewater and 60% TOC removal from industrial wastewater after five treatment cycles with minimal Fe leaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Elimination of Emerging Pollutants (pesticides) present in effluents from industrial wastewater treatment plants. Emerging pollutants in wastewater pose significant risks to human health and wildlife, particularly due to their persistence in treated effluents from WWTPs. Very recent research has focused on developing new techniques based on advanced oxidation processes using inorganic and organic photocatalysts for treating polluted effluents under visible light. This study investigates a pesticide-removal system utilizing heterogeneous photoactive polymeric materials P2, P3, and P4. These materials, engineered as hydrophilic polymeric microparticles and functionalized with Rose Bengal, have demonstrated efficient singlet oxygen generation and first-order kinetics in the degradation of AHMPD, a pyrimidine fungicide. Given that most studies in the literature have concentrated on urban WWTPs, with less emphasis on industrial wastewater treatment, this research focused on real water samples from the effluent of an industrial WWTP in the agri-food sector, which processes large volumes of citrus and where high concentrations of AHMPD and other pesticides were detected at certain times of the year. The degradation potential of photoactive materials P3 and P4 was evaluated, achieving removal rates of AHMPD up to 85% under conditions of pH = 11 with 48 h of exposure to visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastic fibre (MPF) pollution is a pressing concern that demands urgent attention. These tiny synthetic textile fibres can be found in various ecosystems, including water and air, and pose significant environmental risks. Despite their size (less than 5 mm), they can harm aquatic and terrestrial organisms and human health. Studies have demonstrated that these imperceptible pollutants can contaminate marine environments, thereby putting marine life at risk through ingestion and entanglement. Additionally, microplastic fibres can absorb toxins from the surrounding water, heightening their danger when consumed by aquatic organisms. Traces of MPFs have been identified in human food chains and organs. To effectively combat MPF pollution, it is crucial to understand how these fibres enter ecosystems and their sources. Primary sources include domestic laundry, where synthetic textile fibres are released into wastewater during washing. Other significant sources include industrial effluents, breakdown of plastic materials, and atmospheric deposition. Additionally, MPFs can be directly released into the environment by improperly disposing of consumer products containing these fibres, such as non-woven hygienic products. A comprehensive approach is necessary to address this pressing issue, including understanding the sources, pathways, and potential risks of MPFs. Immediate action is required to manage contamination and mitigate MPF pollution. This review paper provides a systematic literature analysis to help stakeholders prioritise efforts towards reducing MPFs. The key knowledge gaps identified include a lack of information regarding non-standardised test methodology and reporting units, and a lack of information on manufacturing processes and products, to increase understanding of life cycle impacts and real hotspots. Stakeholders urgently need collaborative efforts to address the systematic changes required to tackle this issue and address the proposed opportunities, including targeted government interventions and viable strategies for the industry sector to lead action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye in textile wastewater employing a novel CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal technique, resulting in a monoclinic phase of leaf-shaped CuO loaded on a hexagonal wurtzite structure of rod-shaped ZnO, as confirmed by FE-SEM and XRD analyses. Optical experiments revealed band gap energies of 1.99 eV for CuO, 2.19 eV for ZnO, and 3.34 eV for the CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite. Photocatalytic degradation experiments showcased complete elimination of a 100 mg/L RO16 solution (150 mL) after 120 min of UV light illumination and 100 min of sunlight illumination, emphasizing the nanocomposite's efficiency under both light sources. The study further delves into the application of the CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite for the degradation of actual textile wastewater samples under sunlight irradiation. The results underscore the nanocomposite's remarkable efficacy in treating RO16 in textile wastewater, positioning it as a promising candidate for sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment applications. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of advanced photocatalytic materials for textile dye degradation in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae technology is a viable solution for environmental conservation (carbon capture and wastewater treatment) and energy production. However, the nutrient cost, slow-kinetics, and low biosorption capacity of microalgae hindered its application. To overcome them, algal-biochar (BC) can be integrated with microalgae to treat textile wastewater (TWW) due to its low cost, its ability to rapidly adsorb pollutants, and its ability to serve as a nutrient source for microalgal-growth to capture CO2 and biodiesel production. Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and algal-BC were combined in this work to assess microalgal growth, carbon capture, TWW bioremediation, and biodiesel production. Results showed the highest optical density (3.70 ± 0.07 OD680), biomass productivity (42.31 ± 0.50 mg L−1 d−1), and dry weight biomass production (255.11 ± 6.01 mg L−1) in an integrated system of CV-BC-TWW by capturing atmospheric CO2 (77.57 ± 2.52 mg L−1 d−1). More than 99% bioremediation (removal of MB-pollutant, COD, nitrates, and phosphates) of TWW was achieved in CV-BC-TWW system due to biosorption and biodegradation processes. The addition of algal-BC and CV microalgae to TWW not only enhanced the algal growth but also increased the bioremediation of TWW and biodiesel content. The highest fatty acid methylesters (biodiesel) were also produced, up to 76.79 ± 2.01 mg g−1 from CV-BC-TWW cultivated-biomass. Biodiesel's oxidative stability and low-temperature characteristics are enhanced by the presence of palmitoleic (C16:1) and linolenic (C18:3) acids. Hence, this study revealed that the integration of algal-biochar, as a biosorbent and source of nutrients, with living-microalgae offers an efficient, economical, and sustainable approach for microalgae growth, CO2 fixation, TWW treatment, and biodiesel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, people have witnessed a rapid development of society, accompanied by the increase sharply of numerous organic/inorganic contaminants from industrial effluents. The high toxicity of pollutants has led to long‐term risk to human health. To connect with environment‐friendly green chemistry and sustainable development, photocatalysis technology has emerged. Metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based photocatalysts performed high efficiency for the elimination of wastewater pollutants. Nevertheless, the large band gap energy and high recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pair decrease the catalytic efficiency. Sonochemistry is regarded as a safe, highly efficient, clean, and eco‐friendly technology, which has aroused a lot of interest in the treatment of wastewater. The cavitation effect induced by ultrasonic waves promotes the generation of additional active radicals. The ultrasonic oscillation facilitates cleaning the surface of catalysts, dispersing catalyst particles, and increasing proton transport. Therefore, photocatalysis coupling with ultrasonic waves, known as sonophotocatalysis (SPC), is a promising means for enhancing the overall performance of wastewater treatments. This review discusses the recent advancements of hybrid MOF‐based photocatalysts driving the wastewater treatments in SPC system. The catalytic performance of hybrid MOF is discussed in the SPC process. The inner properties of phases in hybrid MOF such as the location of redox potential and transfer direction of electrons and energy after hybridization are elucidated. Additionally, the review discusses the existing challenges and obstacles of MOF‐based SPC system and proposes feasible improvements to meet the future requirements of practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past, decisions on wastewater treatment methods have predominantly rested on expert opinions, utilizing the Delphi method. Yet, with an anticipated increase in diversification and customization, especially in the "small-batch and diverse" market over the next decade, addressing the formulation and execution of wastewater treatment for these non-traditional production processes will present substantial challenges. Relying solely on Delphi experts' decision-making within a short and time-constrained production planning window is expected to prove inadequate. Predominantly relies on the authors' over 15 years of industry experience in wastewater treatment, this perspective paper proposes an inventive solution that integrates Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) with Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. This approach signifies a more advanced method for industrial wastewater treatment compared to conventional methods, with the intention of garnering increased interest for future research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distillery industrial wastewater (DIW) was tested for color and COD removal percentages using an electrochemical and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Specifically, the study compared direct/alternating–current–electrocoagulation (DC‐EC/AC‐EC), sono (US), and direct/alternating current–electrocoagulation coupled with sono (US) (DC‐EC/US and AC‐EC/US) processes. Also evaluated were the effects of these procedures on the power needed to treat DIW. Experimental results showed that compared to single processes such as DC‐EC, AC‐EC, US, hybrid DC‐EC/US, and the hybrid AC‐EC/US process achieved a total color elimination efficiency of 100 % and a COD elimination efficiency of 100 % while using a lower power consumption of 4.76 kWhrm−3. The effects of important operational factors such treatment duration, cycle of pulse duty, sonication power, current density, chemical oxygen demand, electrode spacing, electrode pairing, pH, concentration of electrolyte on the % removal of COD and power usage of DIW were investigated using hybrid AC‐EC/US process. When using a Fe/Fe electrode combination, the effectiveness of COD removal was shown to be enhanced by increasing the treatment duration, current, US power, and decreasing the COD concentration, electrode spacing. The study also provided the results of an investigation into the synergistic index between AC‐EC and US process and operational cost. Based on its ability to efficiently and effectively remove contaminants from wastewater and industrial effluent, the AC‐EC/US approach stands out among the other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cassia fistula (C. fistula) seed-derived coagulants have demonstrated substantial potential for treating dye-based wastewater. Such coagulants exhibit notable coagulating-flocculating activity and are environmentally friendly. However, recovering these natural coagulants from aqueous media poses challenges. In this study, we introduce a novel plant-derived magnetic coagulant that is a combination of C. fistula seed gum with magnetic spinel ferrite. This research includes a pilot-scale study to simulate full-scale textile wastewater treatment using this composite. Material characterisations revealed that spherical CoFe2O4 particles could be effectively coated with the active coagulant, C. fistula gum. The saturation magnetisation of the composite, measured at 54.11 emu/g, facilitates its convenient separation from aqueous solutions using an external magnetic field. Bench-scale studies showed that initial pH and coagulant dosage substantially affect the removal efficiency of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In the pilot-scale study, the C. fistula-CoFe2O4 composite demonstrated promising coagulant properties. It achieved a colour removal percentage of 94.0 % with a volume of 30 L and a coagulant dosage of 12.3 g L-1 . Using this coagulation-flocculation process as a primary treatment step, possibly followed by biological or membrane methods, can help meet Vietnamese environmental standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The textile industry consumes a large amount of fresh water, resulting in colored effluent due to the incomplete fixation of certain dyes. Traditional textile wastewater treatment such as coagulation-flocculation, membrane filtration, thermal separation and electrochemical processes are expensive and pose significant environmental challenges. To address these issues an alternative technique for decolorizing textile effluent using a modified sparged loop reactor was proposed in this study. The jet loop reactor basically a multiphase reactor was utilized to treat textile wastewater with ozone. In this study, the textile wastewater containing water-soluble basic dyes such as Methylene blue and Congo red was simulated at a concentration of 50 ppm and the color removal efficiency of the reactor was analyzed. The effect of process parameters such as effluent flow rate (0.2– 0.4 Liter/ min), sparger openings (2−4), adsorbent weight (0.5 – 1.5 g) and ozone dosage time (10–30 min) on the decolorization efficiency of the reactor were examined and optimized using Response Surface Methodology. In this study, a maximum color removal of 93 % and 85 % for Congo red dye and Methylene blue dye simulated wastewater was achieved. A correlation was developed using Response Surface Methodology-Box Behnken Design and the developed model was successfully interpreted with experimental values. Based on our results, we believe that it is possible to replace the energy-intensive thermal separation process with jet loop sparged reactor to treat the textile effluent. As a sustainable process, loop reactor may result in a huge reduction of freshwater consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phycoremediation is an eco-friendly and low operational-cost technique. It promotes green technology for biofuel production, high nutrient recovery, and wastewater treatment through microalgae. This review encompasses a set of algal-based remediation methods for potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from agricultural discharges and industrial wastewater. Large-scale algae production approaches, such as suspended cultures in open ponds or closed reactors and immobilized cultures, include biofilm and matrix-immobilized systems for biomass and the removal of wastewater nutrients, as well as PTEs. Fundamentals for remediation of PTEs using microalgae are biosorption and bioaccumulation, and thus, this review summarizes how microalgae are beneficial for wastewater treatment. Further, this review describes recent technologies, i.e., bioreactors, high-rate algal ponds, commercial sorption, etc., used in wastewater treatment and their specifications and eco-friendly remediation of contaminants from agricultural and industrial effluent. Wastewater treatment process utilizes algae or macro-algae in both conventional facultative ponds and advanced algal ponds, such as high-rate algal ponds with photo-bioreactors. This review also covers the advancement in the bioremediation of nutrients and PTE contaminants in agricultural and industrial wastewater using microalgae. Lastly, this review concluded with various limitations, challenges, and prospects on algae implications in wastewater, considering carbon neutrality and circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyes are the coloured substances that are applied on different substrates such as textiles, leather and paper products, etc. Azo dyes release from the industries are toxic and recalcitrant wastewater pollutants, therefore it is necessary to degrade these pollutants from water. In this study, the palladium (0) nanoparticles (PdNPs) were generated through the biological process and exhibited for the catalytic degradation of azo dye. The palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were synthesized by using the cell-free approach i.e. extract of fungal strain Rhizopus sp. (SG-01), which significantly degrade the azo dye (methyl orange). The amount of catalyst was optimized by varying the concentration of PdNPs (1 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL) for 10 mL of 50 ppm methyl orange (MO) dye separately. The time dependent study demonstrates the biogenic PdNPs could effectively degrade the methyl orange dye up to 98.7% with minimum concentration (3 mg/mL) of PdNPs within 24 h of reaction. The long-term stability and effective catalytic potential up to five repeated cycles of biogenic PdNPs have good significance for acceleration the degradation of azo dyes. Thus, the use of biogenic palladium nanoparticles for dye degradation as outlined in the present study can provide an alternative and economical method for the synthesis of PdNPs as well as degradation of azo dyes present in wastewater and is helpful to efficiently remediate textile effluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specifically, biocatalyst coupled semiconductor photocatalysts have great potential towards the eco-friendly decomposition of toxic organic dyes that contaminate water bodies. This study reports the synthesis of vermiwash activated molybdenum doped tin oxide (Mo:SnO2) nanomaterial, for the photocatalytic degradation of a representative cationic dye - methylene blue (MB). The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated using UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and the degrading efficiency of MB dye was quantified. The addition of vermiwash resulted in a marked improvement in the photocatalytic activity of Mo:SnO2 nanoparticles, with a degradation efficiency of 96% achieved after 75 min of irradiation. The nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, FTIR, XPS and UV-vis to confirm the crystal structure, morphology, functional groups, elemental analysis and bandgap energy by using Tauc's plot. The study demonstrates the potential of vermiwash as a green and efficient bio co-catalyst for improving the photocatalytic activity of Mo:SnO2 nanoparticles regarding the degradation of textile effluents. Thus, this study paves a way for new eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of cost-effective, biocatalyst coupled semiconductor photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A "Turning waste into treasure" strategy was proposed. • An efficient ARM/NiOOH adsorbent has been successfully prepared. • The adsorption kinetics model has been reasonably established. • 348.0 mg g−1 congo red was adsorbed with a ∼ 100 % adsorption efficiency within 5 min. Extracting functional materials from industrial waste residues to absorb organic dyes can maximize waste reuse and minimize water pollution. However, the extraordinarily low purification efficiency still limits the practical application of this strategy. Herein, the lamellar NiOOH is in-situ anchored on the industrial waste red mud surface (ARM/NiOOH) as an adsorbent to purify organic dyes in wastewater. ARM/NiOOH adsorbent with high specific surface area and porosity provides considerable active sites for the congo red (CR), thereby significantly enhancing the removal efficiency of CR. Besides, we fit a reasonable adsorption model for ARM/NiOOH adsorbent and investigate its adsorption kinetics. Resultantly, ARM/NiOOH adsorbent can remarkably adsorb 348.0 mg g−1 CR within 5 min, which is 7.91 times that of raw RM. Our work provides a strategy for reusing industrial waste and purifying sewage pollution, which advances wastewater treatment engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The breakdown of dyes, which are environmentally hazardous substances and notoriously difficult to degrade, presents the main treatment challenge for wastewater from textile industries. Most advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for dye degradation usually use costly decolorizing agents, whose residue from Wastewater Treatment Plants may be hazardous to the environment. The present study aimed to apply ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) for water AOPs to degrade textile dyes. Our most recent innovation, ultrafine bubbles, enables the production of reactive oxygen species recently introduced as oxidants in AOPs. First, the disc diffuser was optimized by introducing various flow rates of 1–5 L Per Minute (LPM) to generate UFBs with unique characteristics observed from Zeta Potential, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Oxidation–Reduction Potential (ORP). The air UFBs using a disc diffuser with 3 LPM were selected to degrade the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution (1000 Pt-Co). The treatment was optimized on the coagulant dosage (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 ppm) and bubbling times (0–120 min). As a result, the UFBs were successful in degrading the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution, resulting in a 45% reduction in Pt-Co color scale with a bubbling time of only 120 min and minimal coagulant dosage (0.5 ppm) compared to the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution treatment commonly using a coagulant dosage of 1.5 ppm without UFBs. Based on FTIR, XRF, and PL analysis, we propose the AOP mechanism of hydroxyl radicals for the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution. It is emphasized that UFB water AOPs (UFBs–WAOPs) represent a promising alternative technology for treating textile wastewater without chemicals or decolorizing agents. Thus, the UFBs-WAOPs are economical and environmentally benign textile wastewater treatment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global scientific community is deeply concerned about the deterioration of water quality resulting from the release of industrial effluents. This issue is of utmost importance as it serves to safeguard the environment and combat water pollution. The objective of this work is to elaborate a biomaterial of vegetable origin, based on the twigs of Aleppo pine, and to use it as an abundant and less expensive material for the treatment of wastewater. For this reason, the twigs were treated physically to get the powder called biomaterial FPA (Aleppo pine fiber), which was characterized by physicochemical, and spectroscopic analyses namely scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallinity index of FPA was evaluated by the peak height method. The findings indicate that the FPA powder has an acidic nature, exhibiting a porous structure that promotes the adsorption and binding of molecules. Additionally, it has a zero charge point of 5.8 and a specific surface area of 384 m2.g−1. It is primarily composed of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine functional groups, along with mineral compounds and organic compounds, including cellulose and other mineral elements such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, P, Al, K, Ni, and Mo. Combining these characteristics, FPA biomaterial has considerable potential for use as an effective adsorbent biomaterial for various wastewater pollutants. Its abundance and relatively low cost make it an attractive solution to the growing challenges of water pollution worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we explored the adsorptive detoxification potential of titania–bentonite clay composite for removing a cationic dye (crystal violet) from aqueous medium. Fresh clay composite sample were prepared by impregnated method, followed by spectroscopic characterization by SEM, FTIR, and EDX. After that, in batch studies dye removal were examined. The results under optimum conditions showed that this composite material has a 96% elimination capacity. Maximum removal of crystal violet was 49.26 mg/g, following Pseudo-second order kinetic model occurred at pH 8, at 125 rpm and 25 ppm initial concentration at 45 °C. Kinetics of reactions and isotherm models were investigated. Adsorption data showing the presence of monolayer adsorption were fitted using the Langmuir isotherm model. Chemisorption was shown to prevail according to Temkin isotherm criteria. Pseudo-second-order kinetics was followed in this case. For removing dye from industrial effluents, this titania–bentonite composite serves as a nonbiodegradable, low-cost, reliable, and ecologically safe adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provide a suitable environment for the interaction of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) from human, animal, and environmental sources. The aim was to study the influent and effluent of two WWTPs in Croatia to identify bacterial hosts of clinically important beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM, bla VIM, bla OXA-48-like) and observe how their composition changes during the treatment process. A culture-independent epicPCR (Emulsion, Paired isolation and Concatenation Polymerase Chain Reaction) was used to identify the ARG hosts, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to study the entire bacterial community. Different wastewater sources contributed to the significant differences in bacterial composition of the wastewater between the two WWTPs studied. A total of 167 genera were detected by epicPCR, with the Arcobacter genus, in which all ARGs studied were present, dominating in both WWTPs. In addition, the clinically important genera Acinetobacter and Aeromonas contained all ARGs examined. The bla OXA-48-like gene had the highest number of hosts, followed by bla VIM, while bla TEM had the narrowest host range. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ARG hosts were detected in both abundant and rare taxa. The number of hosts carrying investigated ARGs was reduced by wastewater treatment. EpicPCR provided valuable insights into the bacterial hosts of horizontally transmissible beta-lactamase genes in Croatian wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic dyes, exceeding 100,000 types on the market and produced at a global scale of over 700,000 tons annually, are extensively used in the textile industry. This industry, a leading contributor to water contamination, relies on dyes like reactive, azo, anthraquinone, and triphenylmethane, resulting in substantial water usage and significant effluent generation. A significant modern challenge is the pollution caused by dye-mixed wastewater, releasing hazardous chemicals into water bodies and posing threats to ecosystems, plants, and human health. Traditionally, physicochemical techniques have addressed textile dye-containing wastewater, but their drawbacks, including cost, inefficiency, and potential secondary pollution, have steered attention towards biological alternatives. Utilizing microorganisms and enzymes, these biological methods, such as microbial cell enzyme immobilization, the biofilm technique, bioreactors, biofuel/bioelectricity production, and genetic engineering, have emerged as promising, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solutions for efficient dye removal from wastewater. This review paper specifically highlights advanced biological techniques and emphasizes their efficacy in addressing the challenges posed by synthetic textile dyes. Through a systematic review of recent research papers, published results, and observations, this review paper provides insights into emerging biological treatment strategies for effectively removing synthetic textile dyes and contaminants from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Аbstract: With the rapid growth of industrialization/urbanization, the discharge of industrial effluent into the environment is increasing day by day. Conventional technologies for wastewater treatment possess difficulties in meeting all the requirements of wastewater discharge standards, and therefore, the exploration and establishment of new procedures to treat wastewater is a need of hour. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) possess an ability of strong oxidation, complete destruction and mineralisation, and no secondary pollutants. It has been proved in the literature that the addition of the catalyst in AOPs can largely enhance the treatment efficiency. The current study mainly emphasizes the practical applications of AOPS towards textile wastewater treatment. The study includes the pros and cons of individual AOPs, fixed photocatalysis, the dual process of photocatalysis and photo-Fenton coupled photocatalysis/photo-Fenton and biological treatment process. This article summarizes the useful theoretical foundation of the scientists and discusses the key areas that need more investigation in the fields of AOPs for industrial wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resources have been continuously polluted by various wastewaters and cause many risks for humans and living organisms. One of the wastewater treatment solutions is nanotechnology-based approaches that enable wastewater treatment through efficient, flexible, multi-purpose, and cost-effective processes compared to conventional methods. Green synthesis is an environmentally friendly way to produce nanoparticles (NPs), which use biological materials to synthesize. Therefore, using plant extracts, microorganisms, and polysaccharides as stabilizing and reducing agents in the green synthesis of NPs can be an essential component of wastewater treatment in the future. However, there is a gap in the comprehensive review of the biogenic synthesis of NPs in wastewater treatment. In this review, previous research on green synthesis using various plant extracts, microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, microalgae, and polysaccharides, especially chitosan, were investigated in the treatment of various wastewaters. Factors such as temperature, pH, concentration, and reaction time played a crucial role in the synthesis of NPs, which were investigated separately. Finally, after a complete review of the studies and receiving the strengths and weaknesses of each method, future challenges and opportunities are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile industries play a vital role in the economy of Bangladesh contributing significantly to its gross domestic product. However, they are associated with high environmental pollution, especially water pollution. Since small‐scale textile industries cannot afford the treatment cost of discharged wastewater, they tend to contaminate water sources—both groundwater and surface water. To intervene in response to this situation, the existing treatment system was assessed in the present study. The effluents from industries under this research were analyzed for color, pH, TSS, TDS, chlorides, sulfates, COD, BOD, and total hardness. A Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) with zero liquid discharge was suggested as a solution. It was observed that the water recovery in the proposed scheme by reverse osmosis and salt recovery using nanofiltration were 90%–95% and 80%–90%, respectively. Cost analysis also indicated that the cost of treating water can also be decreased by 18.7% which can show that water recovery is even more affordable for small‐scale industries. Finally, a linear programming model was developed to assist the industries with decision‐making in the selection of treatment schemes. This research revealed that a CETP using zero liquid discharge technology is a potential solution to the environmental crisis due to industrial wastewater discharge. This could ensure reduced water pollution, increased drinking water availability, improved public health, and thus could be a potential driver for environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed an innovative thin-film nanocomposite membrane that contains cellulose acetate (CA) with small amounts of TiO2-decorated graphene oxide (GO) (ranging from 0.5 wt.% to 2 wt.%) sandwiched between two polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-like thin films. The PTFE-like films succeeded in maintaining the bulk porosity of the support while increasing the thermal and chemical robustness of the membrane and boosting the catalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles. The membranes exhibited a specific chemical composition and bonding, with predominant carbon–oxygen bonds from CA and GO in the bulk, and carbon–fluorine bonds on their PTFE-like coated sides. We have also tested the membranes' photocatalytic activities on azithromycin-containing wastewaters, demonstrating excellent efficiency with more than 80% degradation for 2 wt.% TiO2-decorated GO in the CA-GO-TiO2/PTFE-like membranes. The degradation of the azithromycin formulation occurs in two steps, with reaction rates being correlated to the amount of GO-TiO2 in the membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a nanomixed valence FeWO 4 -coated 2D Ti 3 C 2 MXene (FW-MX) photocatalyst synthesised by a simple hydrothermal method. Ciprofloxacin, the main target pollutant, exhibited superior adsorption performance and high catalytic activity in the light-assisted Fenton system. In just 1 h, the removal rate of ciprofloxacin reached an impressive 76.89% using a minimal amount of FW-MX (10 mg). Meanwhile, the material exhibited good stability. Furthermore, the successful formation of mixed-valent FeWO 4 accelerated the rate-limiting step of Fe(III)/Fe(II) conversion, thereby enhancing the reactivity of the in situ photo-Fenton system. In the light-assisted Fenton system, FW-MX demonstrated greater potential compared to other common antibiotics, as FW-M100 exhibited superior photoreduction performance for heavy metal ions under the photo-Fenton oxidation system. This could further advance the practical application of AOPs technology in industrial wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological wastewater treatment using trickle bed reactors is a commonly known and used solution. One of the key elements of the proper operation of the trickle bed bioreactor is the appropriate selection of biofilm support elements. The respective properties of the bioreactor packing media used can influence, among other things, the efficiency of the treatment process. In this study, the possibility of polyester waste material usage for the preparation of the biofilm support elements was tested. The following properties were checked: adsorption capacity, swelling, surface morphology, microbicidal properties, as well as the possibility of their use in biological wastewater treatment. The tested elements did not adsorb copper nor showed microbicidal properties for bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as well as fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Chaetomium globosum. The hydrophilic and rough nature of the element surface was found to provide a friendly support for biofilm formation. The durability of the elements before and after their application in the biological treatment process was confirmed by performing tests such as compressive strength, FTIR analysis, hardness analysis and specific surface area measurement. The research confirmed the applicability of the packing elements based on polyester textile waste to the treatment of textile wastewater. The treatment efficiency of the model wastewater stream was above 90%, while in the case of a stream containing 60% actual industrial wastewater it was above 80%. The proposed solution enables the simultaneous management of textile waste and wastewater treatment, which is consistent with the principles of a circular economy. The selected waste raw material is a cheap and easily available material, and the use of the developed packing elements will reduce the amount of polyester materials ending up in landfills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is basically calcium phosphate and the main inorganic component in natural bone and teeth structure. Animal bones and eggshells are mass-generated bio-wastes, and their calcium-rich structure makes them suitable precursors for bioactive HAp synthesis through biomimetic mineralisation. Industrial wastewater discharge is a worldwide alarming problem due to high-capacity industrial-scale processes, and their adverse effects on human health and environment will be encountered long term. Adsorption is the most widely used separation process in wastewater treatment, in which HAp particles can be used as bio-adsorbents for wastewater treatment processes due to their bioactive nature. Utilisation of bio-waste-derived HAp particles for wastewater treatment applications would be a step towards sustainable development and circular economy concepts. It promotes the reuse and recycle rate of bio-wastes as bio-adsorbents through an effective waste management strategy and increases the circularity of the material in the production chain. This study offers a brief overview of articles published in 2023 on the use of bio-waste-derived HAp particles for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of solid wastes from industrial production into effective adsorbents could significantly contribute to wastewater treatment. In this study, after acidizing and burning soft scale (SS) from coal gasification system, two magnetic adsorbents (mag-ASS and mag-BASS) were prepared via the combination of magnetite with ultrasonic, respectively. The treatment effects of mag-ASS and mag-BASS were then investigated for simulated wastewater containing macromolecular organic matter [i.e., methylene blue (MB)] and Ca2+. The results indicated that the pseudo second order kinetic, Elovich, Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin model could well describe the adsorption behavior of MB and Ca2+ onto mag-ASS and mag-BASS. The maximum adsorption capacities of mag-ASS for MB and mag-BASS for Ca2+ were 600.53 mg/g and 102.54 mg/g, respectively. Surprisingly, the adsorption abilities of mag-ASS for MB and mag-BASS for Ca2+ show significantly higher than the others. The adsorption mechanisms of MB mainly included electrostatic interaction, π-π conjugate interaction and cation exchange, while those of Ca2+ were mainly electrostatic interaction and cation exchange. The diffusion of MB and Ca2+ onto the magnetic adsorbents might be controlled by the combined effects of intraparticle and liquid film diffusion. There was no significant reduction in adsorption capacity after 8 cycles of adsorption and desorption, indicating that SS-based magnetic adsorbents had good recyclability and stability. Moreover, the removal efficiency of mag-BASS for total hardness and total organic carbon in real coal gasification gray water (CGGW) was 82.60 and 64.10%, respectively. The treatment of CGGW and the resource of wastes would significantly promote the reasonable disposal of coal gasification scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oily wastewater is one of the most hazardous contaminants that can hurt the ecosystem. There is an urgent need to adopt an efficient, eco-friendly, and low-cost material to replace the old traditional treatment methods of oily wastewater that were very expensive in addition to their relatively low efficiency. Eucalyptus bark is considered one of the materials that are rarely used in this field, although it has the characteristics that qualify it to be a distinguished and promising one. The optimum conditions of using Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Blue gum) bark in the removal of oil from prepared aqueous solutions were concluded before applying in the treatment of real oily industrial wastewater from New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt. The sequential optimization adsorption results were as follows: initial oil concentration, 500 mg/l; adsorbent dosage, 0.5 g/l; pH, 3; exposure time, 45 min; temperature, 20 °C; and shaking rate, 300 rpm. The pretreatment of biomass with H3PO4 proved it to be superior in the oil removal process where the efficacy reached 450.69 mg/g, while the unmodified form came second where the adsorption efficacy reached 395.86 mg/g, after that the NaOH-modified form came third by efficacy reached 315.85 mg/g. The results of SEM elucidated this order of efficacy according to the porosity of the bark surface. FTIR analysis indicated that OH, carboxylic C = O, and carboxylic C-O groups are the contributing groups in the oil adsorption process for the three forms of Eucalyptus bark. The reusability of Eucalyptus bark using n-hexane for one cycle reached 96.34, 97.13, and 95.83% for unmodified, H-modified, and OH-modified forms, respectively, and for five cycles reached 56.29, 58.01, and 55.81% for unmodified, H-modified, and OH-modified forms, respectively. The application of Eucalyptus bark in the H-form in the treatment of real oily wastewater was achieved by efficacy ranging between 91.46 and 96.23% which proves the excellence of Eucalyptus bark in the treatment of oily wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many reports of detrimental organic dyes in industrial sewages incited the researchers to accomplish some quick, cost-effective, and precise ways for dye eradication. Continuing this research chain, the latest study aimed to exclusively eliminate methylene blue dye (MB) from industrial wastewater using black C. arietinum husk powder as a cost-effective adsorbent through adsorption techniques. Morphological characterization was examined by FTIR and SEM/EDX. The influence of parameters that demonstrated maximum percentage removal such as adsorbent dose (91.325% at 0.4 g), contact time (90.466% at 60 min), pH impact (93.90% at 5), temperature (60.896% at 20 °C), and agitation speed (87.03% at 125 rpm) were studied. Adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) favored Langmuir and represented the finest isotherm data association with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 2.678 mg/g. Kinetic studies confirmed the pseudo-second-order model and vindicated the data. The thermodynamic study extended the facts about the exothermic, impulsive, and feasible adsorption nature (ΔH° = − 20.329 kJ/mol, ΔS° = 0.04305 kJ/mol, and ΔG° = − 33.37 kJ/mol at 303 K, − 33.80 kJ/mol at 313 K, − 34.23 kJ/mol at 323 K). Mechanistically, different types of interactions occurred between the adsorbate and adsorbent. MB dye desorption and adsorbent restoration affirm its efficiency. These results indicated that Cicer arietinum husk powder could be used for MB dye eradication from industrial water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]