Search

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the possibility of simultaneous biosynthesis of lipids and carotenoids by the Rhodotorula yeast strains in media with waste glycerol and deproteinized potato wastewater and to determine the level of pollution reduction by media. On the basis of results obtained during the yeast microcultures in the Bioscreen C system, it was found that potato wastewater and glycerol can be used as components of media for Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Rhodotorula gracilis yeast strains. The amount of glycerol added to media higher than 10% significantly decreased the growth rate of yeast. The results of yeast culture in the laboratory shaker flasks showed a possibility of simultaneous production of lipids and carotenoids by R. glutinis, R. mucilaginosa, and R. gracilis yeast strains during cultivation in media containing only waste glycerol and deproteinized potato wastewater. A higher intracellular lipid content (approximately 15 g/100 g d.w. ) was obtained for R. mucilaginosa and R. gracilis yeast biomass after cultivation in experimental media with waste glycerol and potato wastewater. In conclusion, the yeast grown in media with potato wastewater supplemented with 3% or 5% glycerol synthesized carotenoids, and their content in biomass did not exceed 230 μg/g d.w.

In this work, a granular activated carbon (GAC) was produced using primary paper mill sludge (PS) as raw material and ammonium lignosulfonate (AL) as binder agent. PS is a residue from the pulp and paper industry and AL is a by-product of the cellulose pulp manufacture and the proposed production scheme contributes for their valorisation together with important savings in GAC precursors. The produced GAC (named PSA-PA) and a commercially available GAC (GACN), used as reference material, were physically and chemically characterized. Then, these materials were tested in batch experiments for the adsorption of carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and paroxetine (PAR) from ultra-pure water and wastewater. Even though GACN and PSA-PA possess very similar specific surface areas (S BET ) (629 and 671 m 2  g -1 , respectively), PSA-PA displayed lower maximum adsorption capacities (q m ) than GACN for the pharmaceuticals here studied (6 ± 1-44 ± 5 mg g -1 and 49 ± 6-106 ± 40 mg g -1 , respectively). This may be related to the comparatively higher incidence of mesopores in GACN, which might have positively influenced its adsorptive performance. Moreover, the highest hydrophobic character and degree of aromaticity of GACN could also have contributed to its adsorption capacity. On the other hand, the performance of both GACs was significantly affected by the matrix in the case of CBZ and SMX, with lower q m in wastewater than in ultra-pure water. However, the adsorption of PAR was not affected by the matrix. Electrostatic interactions and pH effects might also have influenced the adsorption of the pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Two waste streams from an oil refinery wastewater treatment system, float from a dissolved air flotation unit (DAF sludge) and waste activated sludge (WAS), were investigated to determine toxicity and biogas production potential for anaerobic digestion through batch testing methods. Ozonation as a pretreatment was investigated to observe the impacts of waste solubilization on both toxicity and biodegradability. Anaerobic toxicity assays resulted in no detectible inhibition from WAS, neither with nor without ozonation. Untreated DAF sludge exhibited inhibition that amplified with the increases in DAF sludge inclusion. Ozone treatment effectively reduces this inhibition. The biodegradability of WAS, measured by biochemical methane potential tests, doubled with low dose ozonation. DAF sludge biodegradability was negligible prior to treatment and was successfully enhanced through ozonation., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The non-biodegradable Congo red (CR) dye which is widely used in textile industries has poses carcinogenic risks due to its complex reactions that may generate benzidine. Effective treatment of industrial effluent containing CR dye is imperative. This study assessed chitosan (Cs) and chitosan/fly ash (Cs/Fa) composites for biosorbing CR dye from synthetic textile wastewater. Fly ash varied in the range of (1:0.25–1:1) with chitosan to assess adsorption performance. Characterization techniques included FTIR, SEM, EDX, BET, and zeta potential analyses. Response surface methodology guided the determination of optimal variables. The study examined Cs and Cs/Fa dosage (A), time (B), and initial dye concentration (C) effects on CR removal. Incorporating fly ash substantially cut adsorption costs by 50% while enhancing dye removal up to 85% at pH 6. Improved acidic stability of chitosan (Cs/Fa 1:0.75) was notable. Chitosan (Cs) exhibited a high Congo red removal efficiency of 98% while the chitosan/fly ash (Cs/Fa) composites showed a substantial removal efficiency of 94%. Optimal conditions were 2 g L−1 of adsorbents, initial CR concentration of 40 mg L−1 for 120 min. Freundlich isotherm model best described adsorption behavior. Pseudo-second-order kinetics correlated significantly (R2 = 0.999). This study showed the potential of Cs and Cs/Fa bio-composites for effective textile wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economies of several countries have benefited significantly from the sugarcane industry, as a result of investment in the industry, foreign exchange earnings, the generation of substantial employment, and connections with significant suppliers. Sugarcane industry participants have been forced to find ways to offset high operating costs due to industry pressures. Proper management of wastes generated from sugar production is essential to reduce the environmental burden of pollution. This study reviews physical, chemical, and biological procedures for reusing or recycling wastewater and other sugar industry waste for various applications. Different countries are continuing to invest in industrial sugar waste, for example biomass and wastewater, to generate renewable energy, but limited investment in the sugar industry in African countries has been identified. Some by‐products, including wastewater and filter cake, have been largely unused for the production of energy. The potential to generate bioenergy from sugarcane industry wastewater has been explored. Numerous technologies for obtaining energy from sugarcane wastewater are reviewed, including the reduction of energy needs through waste heat and process heat integration, generating biomass, combustion and gasification, anaerobic digestion for biogas, fermentation for bioethanol, and the direct production of electricity using microbial fuel cells. Reusing and recycling the sugar industry's waste would increase profits, create more job opportunities, and help to boost the global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the green H 2 production and decolorization of industrial distillery effluent were carried out by the photocatalytic process via a gold-decorated TiO 2 photocatalyst synthesized by the photodeposition. Effects of dilution (0–150 folds), decorated gold content on TiO 2 (0.1–0.7 wt%), ethanol concentration (0–20 vol%) and photocatalyst loading (2–5 g/L) on the photocatalytic activity were explored. The preliminary results illustrated that neither H 2 production nor decolorization were achieved via the fresh distillery effluent. The maximum H 2 production of 210 μmol/g with 64.4 % decolorization was achieved with the 100-fold diluted-distillery effluent using the 0.3 wt% gold decorated on TiO 2 (Au 0.3 T) photocatalyst at loading of 3 g/L and ethanol concentration of 15 vol%. The characterization and experiment results pointed out that the improved photocatalytic activity of Au 0.3 T photocatalyst was based on the available area of decorated gold nanoparticles (NPs), the Au–TiO 2 interface area and interface perimeters. Via the distillery effluent, the water splitting was the dominate reaction for H 2 production, accounting of around 93% of overall produced H 2. Although a low recycling stability was observed from this work, attributing to the accumulation of organic contaminants founded in the distillery effluent on the surface of the photocatalyst, this finding may pave the way for the design of metal-decorated semiconductors for simultaneous green H 2 production and pollutant removal from actual industrial wastewater. • The H 2 production and decolorization of distillery effluent were conducted via Au/TiO 2. • About 210 μmol H 2 /g with 64.4 % decolorization was achieved via Au 0.3 T photocatalyst. • Area of decorated gold and interface area/perimeters affected the H 2 production. • 93% of overall produced H 2 from was distillery effluent coming from water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azo dye-laden textile wastewater must be treated before release due to various health and environmental concerns. Bioremediation of textile wastewater, however, is a challenge owing to its alkaline and saline nature as mesophilic microbes, in general, are either not able to thrive or show less efficiency under such hostile environment. Thus, pre-treatment for neutralization or salinity removal becomes a prerequisite before applying microbes for treatment, causing extra economical and technical burden. Extremophilic bacteria can be the promising bioremediating tool because of their inherent ability to survive and show toxicants removal capability under such extreme conditions without need of pre-treatment. Among extremophiles, halophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria which are naturally adapted to high salt and pH are of special interest for the decolorization of saline-alkaline-rich textile wastewater. The current review article is an attempt to provide an overview of the bioremediation of azo dyes and azo dye-laden textile wastewater using these two classes of extremophilic bacteria. The harmful effects of azo dyes on human health and environment have been discussed herein. Halo-alkaliphilic bacteria circumvent the extreme conditions by various adaptations, e.g., production of certain enzymes, adjustment at the protein level, pH homeostasis, and other structural adaptations that have been highlighted in this review. The unique properties of alkaliphiles and halophiles, to not only sustain but also harboring high dye removal competence at high pH and salt concentration, make them a good candidate for designing future bioremediation strategies for the management of alkaline, salt, and azo dye-laden industrial wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intricate composition of wastewater impedes the recycling of agricultural and industrial effluents. This study aims to investigate the potential of sisal leaf wastewater (SLW), both water-treated (WTSLW) and alkali-treated (ATSLW), as a substitute for the alkali activator (NaOH solution) in the production of slag-powder- and fly-ash-based composites, with a focus on the effects of WTSLW substitution ratios and sisal leaf soaking durations. Initially, the fresh properties were assessed including electrical conductivity and fluidity. A further analysis was conducted on the influence of both WTSLW and ATSLW on drying shrinkage, density, and mechanical strength, including flexural and compressive measures. Microstructural features were characterized using SEM and CT imaging, while XRD patterns and FTIR spectra were employed to dissect the influence of WTSLW substitution on the composite's products. The results show that incorporating 14 wt% WTSLW into the composite enhances 90-day flexural and compressive strengths by 34.8% and 13.2%, respectively, while WTSLW curtails drying shrinkage. Conversely, ATSLW increases porosity and decreases density. Organic constituents in both WTSLW and ATSLW encapsulated in the alkaline matrix fail to modify the composites' chemical composition. These outcomes underscore the potential for sustainable construction materials through the integrated recycling of plant wastewater and solid by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocoagulation has demonstrated its efficacy in treating industrial effluents by effectively removing pollutants, particularly metallic contaminants. The electrochemical processes occurring at aluminum electrodes have shown excellent performance in this regard. In this study, electrocoagulation experiments were conducted on an industrial effluent originating from an electroplating bath situated in Casablanca, Morocco. The primary objective was to eliminate chromium in the effluent and reuse the processed water for other applications within our facility. To achieve this goal, we systematically optimized various operational parameters influencing the electrocoagulation efficiency, including electrical voltage, electrode material, stirring speed, and electrode spacing. Additionally, we assessed their impact on pH, conductivity, and chromium concentration. The experiments were conducted in a well-mixed reactor using an industrial solution containing a high concentration of chromium, specifically 1 g/l of Cr (VI). The chromium removal efficiency was evaluated under specific operational conditions, including the use of aluminum electrodes, regulated voltages of 6 volts and 12 volts, an optimal stirring speed of 600 rpm, and an electrode spacing of 2 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye in textile wastewater employing a novel CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal technique, resulting in a monoclinic phase of leaf-shaped CuO loaded on a hexagonal wurtzite structure of rod-shaped ZnO, as confirmed by FE-SEM and XRD analyses. Optical experiments revealed band gap energies of 1.99 eV for CuO, 2.19 eV for ZnO, and 3.34 eV for the CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite. Photocatalytic degradation experiments showcased complete elimination of a 100 mg/L RO16 solution (150 mL) after 120 min of UV light illumination and 100 min of sunlight illumination, emphasizing the nanocomposite's efficiency under both light sources. The study further delves into the application of the CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite for the degradation of actual textile wastewater samples under sunlight irradiation. The results underscore the nanocomposite's remarkable efficacy in treating RO16 in textile wastewater, positioning it as a promising candidate for sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment applications. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of advanced photocatalytic materials for textile dye degradation in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastic fibre (MPF) pollution is a pressing concern that demands urgent attention. These tiny synthetic textile fibres can be found in various ecosystems, including water and air, and pose significant environmental risks. Despite their size (less than 5 mm), they can harm aquatic and terrestrial organisms and human health. Studies have demonstrated that these imperceptible pollutants can contaminate marine environments, thereby putting marine life at risk through ingestion and entanglement. Additionally, microplastic fibres can absorb toxins from the surrounding water, heightening their danger when consumed by aquatic organisms. Traces of MPFs have been identified in human food chains and organs. To effectively combat MPF pollution, it is crucial to understand how these fibres enter ecosystems and their sources. Primary sources include domestic laundry, where synthetic textile fibres are released into wastewater during washing. Other significant sources include industrial effluents, breakdown of plastic materials, and atmospheric deposition. Additionally, MPFs can be directly released into the environment by improperly disposing of consumer products containing these fibres, such as non-woven hygienic products. A comprehensive approach is necessary to address this pressing issue, including understanding the sources, pathways, and potential risks of MPFs. Immediate action is required to manage contamination and mitigate MPF pollution. This review paper provides a systematic literature analysis to help stakeholders prioritise efforts towards reducing MPFs. The key knowledge gaps identified include a lack of information regarding non-standardised test methodology and reporting units, and a lack of information on manufacturing processes and products, to increase understanding of life cycle impacts and real hotspots. Stakeholders urgently need collaborative efforts to address the systematic changes required to tackle this issue and address the proposed opportunities, including targeted government interventions and viable strategies for the industry sector to lead action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye in textile wastewater employing a novel CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal technique, resulting in a monoclinic phase of leaf-shaped CuO loaded on a hexagonal wurtzite structure of rod-shaped ZnO, as confirmed by FE-SEM and XRD analyses. Optical experiments revealed band gap energies of 1.99 eV for CuO, 2.19 eV for ZnO, and 3.34 eV for the CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite. Photocatalytic degradation experiments showcased complete elimination of a 100 mg/L RO16 solution (150 mL) after 120 min of UV light illumination and 100 min of sunlight illumination, emphasizing the nanocomposite's efficiency under both light sources. The study further delves into the application of the CuO@A-TiO2/Ro-TiO2 nanocomposite for the degradation of actual textile wastewater samples under sunlight irradiation. The results underscore the nanocomposite's remarkable efficacy in treating RO16 in textile wastewater, positioning it as a promising candidate for sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment applications. This research contributes valuable insights into the development of advanced photocatalytic materials for textile dye degradation in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discharge of toxic industrial effluents into freshwater has a significant impact on both humans and aquatic lives, which needs to be addressed on an urgent basis. SnO2, a wide bandgap material possesses good photocatalytic properties, which can be exploited to degrade organic pollutants. However, there is a need to develop an appropriate strategy to decrease its bandgap and minimize the recombination of charge carriers. For this purpose, we are reporting the synthesis of SnO2/SnSe composites by wet chemical process in various ratios. The as-synthesized samples were analyzed through various characterization techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the successful synthesis of tetragonal rutile SnO2 and orthorhombic structure of SnSe. The average crystallite size varied between 25 and 35 nm. UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) confirmed that the bandgap of SnO2 and SnSe was 3.63 eV and 1.21 eV, respectively, whereas the bandgap of composites ranged from 3.47 to 3.03 eV. The FTIR spectrum exhibited absorption peaks at 745 cm−1, 1113 cm−1, and 1381 cm−1 due to the Sn–O–Sn bond and Sn–OH bond vibrations. Whereas the absorption observed at 665 cm−1 is associated with Se–O bond vibration. Raman spectroscopy revealed the bands at 629 cm−1 and 767 cm−1 for the rutile structure of SnO2 and bands at 75 cm−1, and 152 cm−1 are characteristic of SnSe. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated the formation of irregular-shaped agglomerated nanoparticles of the prepared materials. Photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) revealed that the composite containing 78% SnO2 and 32% SnSe (denoted as SS-4) was highly an highly effective catalyst and degraded 97.1% of MB in 120 min. The reaction kinetics of the prepared photocatalysts satisfied the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring and measuring pharmaceutical pollutants in environmental samples is a vital and complex task due to their potential detrimental effects on human health, even at low levels. Using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), it was possible to separate and measure three commonly used antipsychotic drugs, chlorpromazine (CPZ), haloperidol (HAL), and risperidone (RIS), in wastewater of the pharmaceutical industry. The technique of solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed and implemented as a very effective method for preparing samples prior to analysis. The settings of the capillary electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques were adjusted to obtain the most efficient separation profile for the medications being studied. The concentration of all the medicines being investigated ranged from 0.5 to 50 µg/mL. SPE was used to treat real wastewater samples after a thorough validation process that followed the rules set by ICH-Q2B. The developed assays were then effectively employed to identify the tested antipsychotic substances in the real wastewater samples. The provided methodologies may be efficiently utilized to monitor the extent of environmental contamination caused by the investigated pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The release of industrial effluents into fresh water is a major contributor of water contamination. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a viable solution to this alarming issue to improve the quality of clean water. To enhance the photocatalytic efficiency and hence utilization ratio of CuO, a series of CuO–FeSe2 composites with different varying contents of FeSe2 were prepared through facile synthetic methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX) analysis verified that the samples were successfully prepared without any contaminating phases. The average crystallite sizes of CuO and FeSe2 were computed to be 29 and 21 nm respectively. For the CuO–FeSe2 composites, the crystallite sizes varied between 25 and 27 nm. The morphology of CuO was comprised of needle-shaped structures, whereas that of FeSe2 was observed to be flower-shaped structures comprising of irregular crystals. A red shift in the bandgap of CuO–FeSe2 composites was observed with the increase in FeSe2 concentration. The prepared photocatalysts were utilized to evaluate their efficiency under visible light against Rhodamine B (RhB). Among all the prepared composites, CuO–75% FeSe2 revealed a remarkable performance and degraded 96% RhB in 180 min. Rate constants for the degradation of the dye were determined by applying the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) provide a suitable environment for the interaction of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) from human, animal, and environmental sources. The aim was to study the influent and effluent of two WWTPs in Croatia to identify bacterial hosts of clinically important beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM, bla VIM, bla OXA-48-like) and observe how their composition changes during the treatment process. A culture-independent epicPCR (Emulsion, Paired isolation and Concatenation Polymerase Chain Reaction) was used to identify the ARG hosts, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to study the entire bacterial community. Different wastewater sources contributed to the significant differences in bacterial composition of the wastewater between the two WWTPs studied. A total of 167 genera were detected by epicPCR, with the Arcobacter genus, in which all ARGs studied were present, dominating in both WWTPs. In addition, the clinically important genera Acinetobacter and Aeromonas contained all ARGs examined. The bla OXA-48-like gene had the highest number of hosts, followed by bla VIM, while bla TEM had the narrowest host range. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ARG hosts were detected in both abundant and rare taxa. The number of hosts carrying investigated ARGs was reduced by wastewater treatment. EpicPCR provided valuable insights into the bacterial hosts of horizontally transmissible beta-lactamase genes in Croatian wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contamination of seafood by heavy metals is a rising health issue in the context of pollution caused by increasing industrialization and urbanization. Crustaceans are particularly susceptible to heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems due to their benthic and sedimentary lifestyle. Here we review crustaceans contamination by heavy metals with a focus on metal sources and dynamics, interaction of metals with other pollutants, metal analysis, bioconcentration and bioaccumulation, toxicity, and strategies to control metals. We observed that crustaceans tend to accumulate more heavy metals than other aquatic animals. Consequently, in certain regions of the world, consuming crustaceans as food may potentially threaten human health. The bioavailability, transport, and interaction of heavy metals with other pollutants depend on various factors, potentially leading to differential toxicity. Heavy metals induce multiple toxic effects on crustaceans, including metabolic dysfunction, genotoxic effects, respiratory impairments, DNA damage, sperm mobility, and quantity, and these poisonous effects will intensify with prolonged exposure time and increasing concentration. The concentration of heavy metals in crustacean samples is usually determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Approaches to reducing this potential threat include proper industrial wastewater treatment and using low-cost adsorbent materials in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that the impact of wastewater pollution on biodiversity is very important, few investigations have been done on different animal groups. In particular, the impact of heavy metal pollution on the biodiversity of mesofauna such as insects and Hexapoda; Collembola has not been further investigated. Collembola are a very diverse, but poorly-known group of soil mesofauna. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the biodiversity of Collembola communities of the polluted soils by municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, with the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil. Additionally, identifying the taxa, which are most sensitive or tolerant to soil stressors, was of our interests. Regarding the sampling, a considerable number of specimens belong to Collembola from the treatment plant soils around Parkandabad, Khin Arab, and Charmshahr, Mashhad, were collected. The results show that almost all the Collembola species are significantly sensitive to heavy metal concentration pollution, especially to the amount of Cr, Ni, and Fe. These specimens show a positive correlation with the concentration of the total carbon. In the studied area, anywhere these three metals were high, the richness and abundance of the total Collembola decreased significantly. It should be noted the concentration of Cr and Ni was above the thresholds set by the European Commission, but Fe was lower than that level. Our results demonstrate that Collembola species are appropriate bio-indicators for the soil pollution, especially for the ecosystems where affected by the industrial wastewater treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor management process and negligent waste disposal practices from textile and dye industries lead to severe environmental menace. At present, industrial effluent disposal treatment uses physical and chemical approaches. Hence, an investigation was conducted using potent and native microbial isolates from untreated wastewater released from textile industries in the Sanganer area of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Eleven competent bacterial strains, which showed potential degradation efficiency, were screened from these two random discharge sites of textile effluent. The study also developed bacterial consortia 1 (DB1-DB7), which showed a maximum of 87%, and consortia 2 (DR1-DR4), which established a minimum decolorization of 65%. The biochemical analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing were investigated, suggesting that potent organisms and their consortium belong to Bacillus and Pseudomonas spp. In the future, the exploitation of these species would scale up for a safe and efficient bioremediation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biological wastewater treatment using trickle bed reactors is a commonly known and used solution. One of the key elements of the proper operation of the trickle bed bioreactor is the appropriate selection of biofilm support elements. The respective properties of the bioreactor packing media used can influence, among other things, the efficiency of the treatment process. In this study, the possibility of polyester waste material usage for the preparation of the biofilm support elements was tested. The following properties were checked: adsorption capacity, swelling, surface morphology, microbicidal properties, as well as the possibility of their use in biological wastewater treatment. The tested elements did not adsorb copper nor showed microbicidal properties for bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as well as fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Chaetomium globosum. The hydrophilic and rough nature of the element surface was found to provide a friendly support for biofilm formation. The durability of the elements before and after their application in the biological treatment process was confirmed by performing tests such as compressive strength, FTIR analysis, hardness analysis and specific surface area measurement. The research confirmed the applicability of the packing elements based on polyester textile waste to the treatment of textile wastewater. The treatment efficiency of the model wastewater stream was above 90%, while in the case of a stream containing 60% actual industrial wastewater it was above 80%. The proposed solution enables the simultaneous management of textile waste and wastewater treatment, which is consistent with the principles of a circular economy. The selected waste raw material is a cheap and easily available material, and the use of the developed packing elements will reduce the amount of polyester materials ending up in landfills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the textile industry stands out for its global economic contribution. However, its expansion brings growing concern due to environmental impact and massive generation of highly polluted wastewater. These waters, originating from the textile industry, host a wide range of harmful organic compounds, including dyes, persistent chemicals, heavy metals and other elements, representing a significant environmental challenge and a significant risk to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This article focuses on the application of bioremediation and biosorption as essential methods to address the problem of water pollution from the textile industry. These methods have emerged as promising and sustainable solutions to this growing concern, offering significant progress in water pollution mitigation and a hopeful outlook for the sustainable development of the textile industry. Its proper and continued implementation can lead to more responsible and environmentally friendly practices to degrade and eliminate pollutants using microorganisms effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid population growth has resulted in rapid growth in industrialization to meet various human needs. As a result of this, huge volume of effluent is being generated from the industrial processes and released into the water bodies. These anthropogenic activities are often detrimental to human and aquatic lives. In this study, a modeling approach to evaluate the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants from industrial wastewater using spinel oxide is investigated. Four machine learning algorithms namely, linear regression, decision tree ensemble, medium Gaussian support vector machine, and exponential Gaussian process regression were employed. The parametric analysis of the predictors (particle size of the spinel oxides, the initial dye concentration, the amount of photocatalysts, the band gap, and the irradiation time) and the targeted output of the photocatalytic degradation efficiency shows that a non-linear relationship exists between the predictors and the targeted output. This was further confirmed by the linear regression model with R2 of 0.220. Besides, the decision tree ensemble and medium Gaussian support vector machine regression offer poor performances in predicting the photocatalytic degradation efficiency as indicated by R2 of 0.420 and 0.490, respectively. A superior performance in predicting the photocatalytic degradation efficiency was displayed by the exponential Gaussian process regression with R2 of 0.991. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the causes of environmental pollution in Indonesia is inappropriate waste treatment, particularly batik industrial wastewater. Lack of awareness and public knowledge regarding waste management are things that support pervasive pollution. One way to educate students about this issue is through worksheets that teachers can use to teach how to treat waste properly and correctly. This study aimed to describe the arrangement of student worksheets and to analyze the results of a validation test. The steps used in the student worksheets on the manufacture of biosorbents from papaya seeds (Carica papaya l) for the absorption of dyestuffs from the batik industry's liquid waste were based on guided inquiry. The method used is Design-Based Research (DBR) in three stages: analysis, design, and development. The instruments used were a validation questionnaire using correlation analysis techniques and a student worksheet based on guided inquiry. The results of the student worksheet validation test obtained an average value of 0.80, which states that the student worksheets are valid and can be used as a medium for learning or practicum activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indiscriminate disposal of waste into various dumpsites with noncompliance to the existing environmental laws and the inadequate provision for leachate containments have resulted in the degradation of environmental resources over the years. The research investigated the practicability of enhanced termite mound-bentonite mixture as an alternate landfill bottom liner. The percentage weight ratio of mound soil and bentonite used for the experimental study were (100:0), (95:5), (90:10) and (85:15) respectively. The study was conducted on a pilot scale artificial landfill (800 x 800 x 400 mm) with four sections AX, AY, BX and BY. Bottom liner was exposed to wastewater for 26 weeks retention period. The pilot scale experimental study revealed that liner mixtures in sections AX, AY and BX failed during the 6, 11 and 17th week retention periods respectively with a corresponding seepage amounting to 1.1 × 106, 0.5 × 106 and 0.4 × 106mm3 respectively. However, no seepage was recorded for liner mixture in section BY which connotes that wastewater leakage was prevented throughout the experimental framework. Conclusively, the application of termite mound soil enhanced with 15% bentonite is recommended as a bottom liner in a waste contain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an opportunity for agriculture to utilize the many different waste streams in our world and capitalize on what would otherwise be viewed as waste products. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an emerging technology for converting wet biomass to bio-crude oil, while aquaponics is a practice tracing back to indigenous communities around the world; both technologies have the potential to sustainably provide the necessary nutrients for crop growth. Food systems worldwide are actively transitioning to address the many challenges of climate change in a sustainable and efficient manner. Urban agriculture (UA) has the potential to generate localized crops in densely populated areas year-round, but has its challenges, involving high capital requirements, especially for vertical farming and controlled-environment agriculture, and being energy intensive due to artificial lighting and fossil fuel-based synthetic fertilizers. This study investigated the potential for aquaponic and HTL effluents to be used in hydroponic systems through a seed germination screening experiment. Buttercrunch lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds were placed in Ziploc plastic bags on paper towels saturated with the wastewater treatments for 10 days while their total length of growth was routinely measured from the tip of the root to the tip of the cotyledons. The Chicago High School for Agricultural Sciences (CHSAS) aquaponic effluent with a 5.8× times higher nitrate concentration and 4.25× higher ammonia concentration outperformed the Bevier aquaponic effluent and improved any other source water it was combined with. Results also showed that seed germination was not inhibited in the presence of 2–8% solutions of hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase (HTL-AP), which performed on par with standard hydroponic fertilizer; solutions of a higher percentage, though, may lead to inhibitory effects in plants, and those of a lower percentage may not provide enough nutrients in the proper forms to sustain plant growth. However, the nutrient analyses revealed that there is still much to investigate regarding the combination of wastewaters to provide a complete, well-rounded, and sustainable source for hydroponic crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have become increasingly more useful and necessary in the past few decades because they can degrade a wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants. The toxic and recalcitrant nature of many contaminants obstructs traditional biological processes, making treatment ineffective. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop and apply more effective treatment processes for industrial wastewater, polluted by pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other industrial contaminants. The AOPs have become successful technologies for treating industrial wastewater because they remove contaminants, reduce toxicity, and improve biodegradability, including using ultraviolet (UV) and visible light (VIS) combined with homogenous or heterogeneous catalysts. This review highlights that using the Fenton process and semiconductor material greatly facilitates removing various organic pollutants. Additionally, heterogeneous photocatalysis research is ongoing because this method effectively removes emerging pollutants. In addition, challenges, research needs, and future applications are described to improve the performance and hasten the large-scale implementation of AOPs in water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Chemistry & Biotechnology is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The focus of this review article was to outline the sources, pathways, effects, occurrence, and spatial distribution of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in wastewater and receiving waters of South Africa. Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were used to gather data from different regions. A zone-wise classification method was used to determine the spatial distribution and data deficiencies in different regions of South Africa. This review revealed that over 100 pharmaceutical compounds have been reported in South Africa's various water sources and wastewater, with most studies and highest concentrations being documented in Gauteng and Kwa-Zulu Natal. The pharmaceutical concentration in water samples ranged from ng/L to µg/L. Aspirin, ketoprofen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, erythromycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, acetaminophen, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, carbamazepine, atenolol, pindolol, efavirenz, and zidovudine residues were among the frequently detected pharmaceutical residues in water bodies and wastewaters of South Africa. Based on the spatial distribution data, Gauteng has the highest number of pharmaceuticals (108) detected in waste and surface water, with the Northern Cape having no monitoring evidence. Therefore, to precisely ascertain the geographical distribution of pharmaceutical contaminants in South Africa, this review recommends that further research be carried out to track their occurrence in aquatic environments and WWTP, especially in isolated regions like Limpopo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile manufacturing and dyeing units are one of the prime industrial sectors responsible to produce huge quantities of liquid effluents in developing countries. Azo and other dyes in textile effluents are a significant concern because of their potential risk from pollution of environmental systems and human health. Different studies have highlighted the role of different bacteria for the removal of azo dyes and related contamination. Where, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been widely used to improve plant growth in agricultural systems, but the simultaneous role they play in the bioremediation of polluted environments has not been much highlighted. This review focuses on an emerging area of the PGPB application for the promotion of plant growth in an environment contaminated by dyes and the restoration and remediation of the environment. Recent studies have shown that PGPB have developed enzymatic mechanisms to enhance plant growth while simultaneously degrading a variety of structurally complex azo dyes under certain conditions. The mineralization of organic azo pollutants will not only reduce plant toxicity, but can also be a nutrient source for plants. Such PGPB could have a practical application for the recycling of industrial wastewater contaminated with dyes that could be used as an irrigation source to improve plant biomass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores recent advancements and innovative strategies in biosorption technology, with a particular focus on the removal of heavy metals, such as Cu(II), Pb(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Zn(II), and Ni(II), and a metalloid, As(V), from various sources. Detailed information on biosorbents, including their composition, structure, and performance metrics in heavy metal sorption, is presented. Specific attention is given to the numerical values of the adsorption capacities for each metal, showcasing the efficacy of biosorbents in removing Cu (up to 96.4%), Pb (up to 95%), Cr (up to 99.9%), Zn (up to 99%), Ni (up to 93.8%), and As (up to 92.9%) from wastewater and industrial effluents. In addition, the issue of biosorbent deactivation and failure over time is highlighted as it is crucial for the successful implementation of adsorption in practical applications. Such phenomena as blockage by other cations or chemical decomposition are reported, and chemical, thermal, and microwave treatments are indicated as effective regeneration techniques. Ongoing research should focus on the development of more resilient biosorbent materials, optimizing regeneration techniques, and exploring innovative approaches to improve the long-term performance and sustainability of biosorption technologies. The analysis showed that biosorption emerges as a promising strategy for alleviating pollutants in wastewater and industrial effluents, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to addressing water pollution challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles, synthesized by in situ precipitation, have been used as adsorbents to remove sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a sulfonamide antibiotic dangerous due to its capacity to enter ecosystems. The adsorption of SMX has been carried out in the presence of tertiary wastewaters from a depuration plant to obtain more realistic results. The effect of pH on the adsorption capacity significantly changed when carrying out the experiments in the presence of wastewater. This change has been explained while taking into account the charge properties of both the antibiotic and the magnetic chitosan. The composition of wastewaters has been characterized and discussed as regards its effect on the adsorption capacity of the magnetic chitosan. The models of Elovich and Freundlich have been selected to describe the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherms, respectively. The analysis of these models has suggested that the adsorption mechanism is based on strong chemical interactions between the SMX and the magnetic chitosan, leading to the formation of an SMX multilayer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most significant challenges the world is currently facing is wastewater treatment. A substantial volume of effluents from diverse sources releases numerous pollutants into the water. Among these contaminants, organic pollutants are particularly concerning due to the associated risk of being released into the environment, garnering significant attention. Rapid advancements in agriculture and industry on a global scale generate vast volumes of hazardous organic compounds, which eventually find their way into natural systems. Recently, the release of industrial wastewater has been increasing, due to the progress of numerous businesses. This poses a danger to humans and the environment, leading to environmental contamination. The application of carbon nanocomposites in applied nanotechnology has recently expanded due to their large surface area, substantial pore volume, low preparation cost, and environmental resilience. Expanding the use of nanomaterials in water treatment is essential, as magnetic carbon nanocomposites consistently demonstrate an efficient elimination of pollutants from water solutions. In the current study, we have highlighted the application of magnetic porous carbon nanocomposites in removing organic pollutants from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaerobic digestion is a potential treatment for industrial wastewater that provides valuable end-products, including renewable energy (biogas). However, waste streams may be too variable, too dilute at high volumes, or missing key components for stable digestion; all factors that increase costs and operational difficulty, making optimisation crucial. Anaerobic digestion may benefit from process intensification, particularly the novel combination of high-strength source-separated wastewater to minimise volume, together with the use of biosolids biochar as a chemical and microbial stabiliser. This study investigates the stability, yield, and microbial community dynamics of the anaerobic digestion of source-separated industrial wastewater from a food manufacturer and a logistics company, using biosolids biochar as an additive, focusing on gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, process stability, and the microbial community using bench-scale semi-continuous reactors at 30- and 45-day hydraulic retention time (HRT). While gas yields were lower than expected, stability was possible at high HRT. Methane production reached 0.24 and 0.43 L day−1 per litre reactor working volume at 30- and 45-day HRT, respectively, despite high VFA concentration, and was linked to the relative abundance of Methanosarcina in the microbial community. Interactions between substrate, VFA concentration, and the microbial community were observed. Biochar-assisted anaerobic digestion holds promise for the treatment of source-separated wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating global industrial expansion has led to the extensive release of organic compounds into water bodies, resulting in substantial pollution and posing severe threats to both human health and the ecosystem. Among common micropollutants, bisphenol A (MP-BA) has emerged as a significant endocrine-disrupting chemical with potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. This study aims to develop an efficient photocatalyst, specifically by incorporating palladium-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Pd@GCN), to eliminate MP-BA pollutants present in industrial wastewater. The examination of optical properties and photoluminescence indicates that incorporating Pd into GCN enhances the visible light absorption spectra, which extends beyond 570 nm, and accelerates the separation rate of electron–hole pairs. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MP-BA increases from 81.7 to 98.8% as the solution pH rises from 5.0 to 9.0. Moreover, Pd@GCN significantly improves the removal rate of MP-BA in wastewater samples, reaching an impressive 92.8% after 60 min of exposure to solar light. Furthermore, the Pd@GCN photocatalyst exhibits notable reusability over six cycles of MP-BA degradation, indicating its promising potential for the treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater under solar light conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater discharges from industrial processes typically include elevated concentrations of contaminants, which largely consist of potentially harmful chemicals such as heavy metals. These contaminants are characterized by their slow rate of decomposition. Hence, the removal of these metallic ions from effluents poses a challenge. Among different treatments, the adsorption approach has considerable potential due to its ability to effectively eliminate both soluble and insoluble pollutants from effluent, even at lower levels of concentration. Of various wastes, fly ash (FA) material has been the subject of attention because it is abundant, has favorable qualities, and contains a high percentage of minerals. This review investigates multiple facets, with a specific focus on the application of FA, an industrial byproduct, as an adsorbent in removing heavy metals. A comprehensive examination was conducted on a range of concerns pertaining to the pollution caused by metallic ions, including the underlying causes, levels of contamination, health implications of heavy metals, and removal methods. Multiple factors were found to affect the adsorption process. Of all the factors, the pH value considerably influences the elimination of heavy metals. An acidic pH range of 2.5–4.5 was found to be optimal for achieving the highest possible elimination of As(V), Cu(II), Hg(II), and Cr(VI). The latter elimination rate reached 89% at the optimal pH level. Most heavy metals' adsorption isotherms conformed to the Langmuir or Freundlich models, while the pseudo-second-order kinetics provided a satisfactory match for their removal. Using a raw FA, adsorption capacities were achieved in the removal of metallic ions, Ni(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI), that ranged from 14.0 to 23.9 mg g−1. Meanwhile, the FA-zeolite showed a remarkable capacity to adsorb ions Mn(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II), with values ranging from about 31 to 66 mg g−1. The cost analysis showed that the treatment of FA is economically advantageous and may result in significant cost reductions in comparison to commercial adsorbents. In summary, FA is an inexpensive waste material with potential for water treatment applications and several other purposes due to its excellent chemical and mineralogical composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of environmental researchers are becoming increasingly concerned with the manufacture of inexpensive adsorbents for the detoxification of industrial effluents. To address one of the significant and well-known pollution issues with certain drains that act as hotspots and contribute to coastal pollution in Alexandria, this study aims to develop an economical, ecologically friendly sorbent. This study assessed the efficacy of a biomass-coated magnetic composite and a magnetic active adsorbent for the removal of two dyes from an industrially contaminated sewer using a wetland plant (Phragmites australis). Using magnetic biosorbent, the biosorption of Xylenol orange and Congo red ions from polluted drain discharge in Abu Qir Bay was evaluated in the current study. Using scanning electron microscopy imaging and Fourier transform infra-red analysis; the surface function and morphology of the nano-biosorbent were examined. At room temperature, the effects of initial dye concentration, pH, contact time, and nano-biosorbent concentration have all been investigated. The greatest percentages that nano-biosorbent can remove from Congo red and Xylenol orange are 97% and 47%, respectively. The removal of the initial Congo red concentration varied from 42 to 97%, while the removal of the initial Xylenol orange concentration varied from 30 to 47%. The adsorption capacity was shown to be strongly pH-dependent; capacity dose as pH value increased, with pH 10 being the ideal pH for Congo red and pH 6 being the ideal pH value for Xylenol orange. The adsorption capacity for Congo red varied between 0.96 and 3.36 and the adsorption capacity for Xylenol orange varied between 0.18 and 17.58. The removal capacity decreased from 3.36 to 0.96 mg/g when the biosorbent dosage was increased from 0.05 to 0.5 g/L for Congo red, in case of Xylenol orange, the removal capacity increased from 0.18 to 17.58 mg/g when the biosorbent dosage was increased from 0.05 to 0.5 g/L. The removal capacity of Congo red increases quickly with time and varied from 1.66 to 1.88 of contact time; while the removal capacity of Xylenol orange varied between 3.08 and 4.62 of contact time. For the dyes under study, kinetics and adsorption equilibrium were examined. Within 180 min, the equilibrium was attained because to the quick adsorption process. For Congo red and Xylenol orange, the highest adsorption capacities were 3.36 and 17.58 mg g−1, respectively. The equilibrium data were assessed using a number of isotherm models, including Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, and Tempkin, while the kinetic data were examined using a variety of kinetic models, including pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order equations. The pseudo-second-order equation provides the greatest accuracy for the kinetic data and Langmuir model is the closest fit for the equilibrium data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increase in anthropogenic activities proliferated the consumption of resources such as phosphorus; and increase the adverse environmental impacts especially eutrophication on water resources such as lakes. Nutrient recovery from domestic wastewaters to produce a fertiliser has been explored to address these challenges in the context of a sustainable circular nutrient economy. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to holistically assess the impacts of integrating a nutrient recovery system on wastewater and water resource management using Laguna de Bay, Philippines as the geographical boundary. The inventory was developed based on the results of the emerging nutrient recovery reactor operations and the application of the recovered fertiliser on the agricultural crops. The LCA results for the proposed scenario showed environmental benefits of about 83.6% freshwater eutrophication, 102.5% terrestrial ecotoxicity, 26.9% water consumption, 100.7% mineral resource scarcity, while the global warming potential is 95.4% higher than the baseline scenario. Results imply policy review for septage management, system optimisation, and evaluation of alternative methods of wastewater management, in terms of life cycle thinking and sustainability across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of a circular economy that recommends the most efficient use of wastes, algae wastes have a huge potential for valorization. In this study, algae wastes obtained after the alkaline extraction of active compounds from two types of marine algae (green algae—Ulva sp. and red algae—Callithamnion sp.) were used as biosorbents to remove metal ions from aqueous effluents. The efficiency of these biosorbents was tested for Zn(II), Cu(II), and Co(II) ions, considered technologically valuable metal ions. The batch monocomponent experiments performed under optimal conditions (pH = 5.0; 4.0 g biosorbent/L; 22 ± 1 °C) showed that more than 75% of the metal ions were removed when their initial concentration was less than 1.25 mmol/L. The experimental data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The high values obtained for the maximum biosorption capacity (qmax: Cu(II) (0.52 mmol/g) > Zn(II) (0.41 mmol/g) > Co(II) (0.39 mmol/g) for G-AWB, and qmax: Cu(II) (1.78 mmol/g) > Zn(II) (1.72 mmol/g) > Co(II) (1.66 mmol/g) for R-AWB) show the potential use of these biosorbents to remove such technologically valuable metal ions from industrial wastewater. This possibility was tested using industrial wastewater samples obtained from the metal coating industry. The quantitative removal (>91%) of Zn(II), Cu(II), and Co(II) ions was obtained when their initial concentration was adjusted to 50 mg/L. In addition, the rapid and efficient desorption of these metal ions from loaded biosorbents by simple treatment with small volumes of HNO3 (10−1 mol/L) further emphasizes the possibility of their recovery and reuse in the technological circuit. The results included in this study indicate that algae wastes have the potential to be used in industrial effluent decontamination processes and open new perspectives for the implementation of circular economy principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the wastewater treatment process and assess the industrial wastewater quality before and after being treated by effluent treatment plants (ETPs) of steel-galvanizing industries located in Mirsharai, Sitakunda, Karnaphuli, and Kalurghat industrial areas of Chattogram, Bangladesh. Wastewater samples were collected from six steel-galvanizing industries during the dry season and monsoon season. The water quality was evaluated based on five physiсochemical parameters, namely pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), as well as the concentration of heavy metals including Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Cd. The measured data were compared with the national and international standards established for ensuring water safety. It was observed that steel plants generate complex wastewater rich in highly dissolved solids and heavy metal ions. Although pH, BOD5, and COD values were within acceptable ranges in these industries, high TDS values were observed. The Fe concentration of discharged stream areas ranged from 0.992 to 16.89 mg/L, exceeding the guideline limits. Additionally, the Cr concentration in both the inlet and outlet exhibited high concentrations, surpassing the standard limits, particularly those set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Thus, steel-galvanizing industries are likely contributing to water pollution through the discharge of wastewater, particularly in terms of Fe and Cr. The efficiency of ETPs varied for different metals. Furthermore, this study highlighted the importance of the effective design of ETPs to mitigate potential pollution and promote sustainable practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructed wetland systems (CWs) are technologies based on natural processes for pollutant removal and have been more and more accepted in the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater. This study selected and reviewed articles published in the last six years involving the use of different CW conceptions and their association with other technologies to treat different effluents and evaluated the quality of the effluents for reuse. From a total of 81 articles reviewed, 41 presented quantitative data on the quality of the treated effluent in relation to the requirements of the reuse regulations in different countries of the world. CWs can be used to treat gray water and runoff water, as well as domestic and industrial effluents with the purpose of reusing them. While studies on the removal of new chemical and biological substances have increased, challenges are associated with the optimization of CWs to improve the removal of pathogens and new contaminants that have appeared more recently. The potential for the improved removal of those pollutants lies in the association of CWs with conventional and advanced technologies in new configurations. We concluded that studies related to the reuse of effluents using CWs are in constant evolution, with experiments at different scales. The perspectives are promising since CWs are an economic, environmentally friendly, and efficient technology to help in the mitigation of water scarcity problems imposed by climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater can be contaminated with all kinds of microorganisms and small organisms, including bacteria, parasites, fungi and viruses. Therefore, it can be said that biological pollution is one of the most dangerous pollutions. These types of pollution can endanger human health and the environment. In this study, industrial wastewater disinfection has been investigated in a laboratory pilot. In this study, ultraviolet waves have been used for wastewater disinfection. In this research, treatment indicators such as wastewater pH, phosphate, nitrate, biological oxygen and chemical oxygen, organic carbon, and wastewater turbidity have been investigated. The results of this research show that if 4.5 g of dry ice is added to the wastewater entering the disinfection unit, the pH of the wastewater will decrease to about 7.9. The results presented from the disinfection unit show that the amount of chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand have decreased by about 35% and 20.3%, respectively. The results of this unit show that the amount of phosphate and nitrate has decreased by 61.3 and 71.9%, respectively. Laboratory results show that the TDS of wastewater has decreased from 600 to 451 mg/l. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The presence of a wide range of persistent toxic organic pollutants in industrial effluents poses a serious threat to human and environmental health, emphasising the necessity for developing cost‐effective methods for treating toxic effluents. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of metal oxide [iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)]‐doped clay composite for the sonocatalytic degradation of nitrobenzene (NB) in the presence of ultrasound. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Among the metal oxides studied, Cu and Fe oxide‐modified clay performed better in the degradation of NB (~99% in the presence of air) compared to a ZnO/clay composite. Process optimization studies were carried with CuO/clay composite at different pHs (2.5–11.5), feed concentrations (50–200 mg L−1) and catalyst loadings (0.25–1.0 g L−1). Neutral pH conditions and higher catalyst loadings of 1 g L−1 were found to be optimal for the efficient degradation of 50 ppm NB. Among the scavengers tested, ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid exhibited strong scavenging effects, resulting in reduced NB degradation compared to isopropyl alcohol and tin tetrachloride, regardless of the scavenger concentration (0.5 and 40 mmol L−1). The catalyst was found to be sufficiently stable for up to four cycles under identical conditions. Additionally, these materials were found to be effective in the degradation of other pollutants [Terephthalic acid, Rhodamine‐B, Ciprofloxacin]. These findings contribute to the development of cost‐effective strategies for the treatment of industrial effluents, reducing the risks posed to both the environment and human health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the design, configuration, and optimization of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for the amelioration of industrial effluent. The study focuses on mitigating membrane fouling and reusing the treated wastewater. The MBR system is designed and configured with different operating parameters, including nano-bubble technology and hydraulic retention time (HRT), to optimize the removal efficiency of pollutants. The effect of HRT on the percentage elimination of pollutants in the wastewater treated by MBR systems is investigated, and the dynamic relationship between the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and HRT is studied to optimize the biological treatment process. The relationship between permeate flux and temperature is also investigated to optimize the operational conditions of MBR systems. Trans-membrane pressure monitoring and cleaning techniques are employed to mitigate membrane fouling in MBR systems. It is assessed if it is feasible to reuse the treated wastewater for commercial purposes. According to the data, the MBR system with nano-bubble technology and a 12-h HRT had the best pollution removal effectiveness (97.5%). It was discovered that the dynamic link between MLSS and HRT was crucial for optimising the biological treatment procedure, and that 25°C was the ideal temperature for MBR operation. The treated wastewater was found to be suitable for reuse in industrial applications, and the trans-membrane pressure monitoring and cleaning approaches were successful in reducing membrane fouling. With the potential to improve both the environment and the economy, the study's findings offer important insights into the design of long-term, sustainable MBR systems for the treatment of industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to predict the biofilm communities present in the microbial fuel cells (MFCs), as well as the power generation from wastewater treatment. The ANN model was able to predict the total abundances of seven exoelectrogenic bacteria-associated genera, viz. Anaeromyxobacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, Comamonas, Desulfuromonas, Geobacter , and Pseudomonas for the MFCs based on the physicochemical properties of the sludge inocula, with accuracies in the range of 62∼92%. An additional ANN model was developed to integrate the biofilm results and predict the power generation from wastewater, with an accuracy of 84% when validating with literature studies. The results show that ANN is a useful tool for predicting the biofilm communities and power generation from MFCs, thus avoiding the necessity of conducting complex biofilm metagenome analysis, and greatly aiding future parametric investigation and scale-up studies. • Artificial neural network (ANN) model predicted power from microbial fuel cells. • ANN model predicted inoculum's biofilm communities from physicochemical properties. • Avoiding the necessity of complex metagenome analysis. • Correlating biofilm community in MFCs with power generation. • Models are potentially refined and tailored for real applications using wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of waste water of industrial enterprises from heavy and toxic metal ions is carried out by traditional reagent method, sorption and membrane technologies. One of the simplest, cheapest, available and effective methods is sorption purification. The peculiarity of the sorption cleaning method is the property of selective absorption from multicomponent solutions and high cleaning efficiency. Treated wastewater can be used in the water supply system of technical circulation. The main of the research work is to study the pH of natural adsorbents in flowing and clean water solutions, particle sizes in suspensions, sedimentation rate and adsorption properties of natural adsorbents for sorption purification of industrial wastewater from toxic metal ions. natural minerals from Almaty region have high sorption properties, that is, they can be used for sorption treatment of industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previously, activated carbon was used as adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals at batch scale and the reported removal efficiency was up to 25 % (while in our technique the efficiency is up to 75%). The large industries operate with continuous processes and discharge large amount of wastewater containing heavy metals. No research was published for continuous operation using fluidized bed adsorption column till now. The novelty of this study is on the mode of operation (continuous operation at large scale under fixed and fluidized bed conditions), Biosorbent activated carbon (AC), and maximum efficiency of arsenic removal (i.e. 75 %). The Biosorbent activated carbon prepared from waste agriculture material. Industrial wastewater consists of many inorganic and organic pollutants which are discharged into water bodies resulting the serious health problems. Now a days, concentration of arsenic has much increased as compared to the permissive concentration level (25mg/L). Therefore, there is need to reduce this concentration up to threshold value (10µg/L). The use of biosorbents for arsenic removal from wastewater has global significance due to its widespread availability and low cost. Biosorption of Arsenic strongly depends on the initial metal concentration, contact time, speed of stirring, pH and temperature. The maximum arsenic as (III) removed at pH-7.5 is 70%, it was improved to 83% by agitation in batch experiments. While in continuous mode experiments (Fixed bed) the bed height and flow rates were varied. At the Fluidized bed experiments, the maximum As (III) removed was 75%. The effects of several factors such as pH, initial solute concentration, biosorbents dose, has been revaluated in this paper. The low cost, easily available biosorbent AC is recommended for removal of arsenic from contaminated wastewaters to bring them in compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-efficiency and environmentally friendly recycle for recovering molybdenum from molybdenum wastewater utilizing arginine was studied in this paper. The optimum experimental conditions were determined through single-factor experiment. When pH = 2.1, arginine dosage n (arginine) /n (Mo) = 1, the temperature was set at 25 °C, the Mo concentration decreased from 19.19 g/L to 75.4 mg/L, and recovery ratio of Mo reached 99.61%. In the experiment of coexisting ions, the effects of Cl-, SO42-, CO32-, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ on the recovery rate of Mo were relatively slight, but the inhibitory effects of PO43- and Fe3+ increased with their concentrations. Mo8O26-4, when combined with positively charged arginine, facilitated precipitation, and thereby achieving the goal of recovering molybdenum from molybdenum wastewater. The results showed that roasting the sediment at 600 °C for 2 h was a certain economic benefits method to obtain high purity of MoO3. This research provides a novel approach for the molybdenum wastewater recovery and treatment, boasting advantages such as improved recovery efficiency, reduced treatment costs, and simplified operation. It can be applied in the treatment and recovery of molybdenum wastewater and other industrial waste in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]