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The article discusses the relevance of the release of U.S. government documents related to its involvement in the Vietnam War known as the Pentagon Papers in the 1970s to the early 21st century release of information by the journalistic organization WikiLeaks, particularly concerning the concepts of freedom of the press and censorship. The article examines the classified study of the Vietnam War conducted by the U.S. agency the Defense Department commissioned by U.S. defense secretary Robert McNamara, the role of U.S. military analyst Daniel Ellsberg in releasing the Pentagon Papers, and the actions of the administration of U.S. president Richard M. Nixon that led to the U.S. Supreme Court case New York Times v. United States. It also discusses former U.S. agency the National Security Administration (NSA) analyst Edward Snowden.

As journalists from around the world descended on the South during the civil rights movement, the local southern press served largely as an ally to segregationists and the campaign for massive resistance to integration. Despite the best efforts of pro-segregation propagandists, the visiting press often presented perspectives and realities deemed a threat to the “southern way of life.” In response, outside journalists and news organizations became the targets of segregationist backlash, including sustained editorial attacks from within the southern press aimed at their alleged integrationist anti-southern agendas, affiliations, and motives. As outside journalists repeatedly experienced intimidation, ridicule, and even violence while covering the movement, southern editorials cultivated and fanned the flames of this already hostile environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on the collection of the papers of Tennessee political leader Edward Hull Crump which chronicles his career and provides an opportunity to explore the lives of 20th century U.S. citizens as they negotiated the catastrophes of economic devastation and global war. Important documents housed in the Crump collection; Details of the magazine and newspaper articles that document the evolution of Crump's media image; Letters and petitions from individual citizens and neighborhood groups demanding city action included in the Crump collection.

This article examines the contracts at Warner Bros. for two productions by director Arthur Penn as a case study to consider how these agreements shaped production cultures during the emergence of New Hollywood. Through the 1950s, the studio employed production-distribution agreements that used strict controls and regulations to mimic its in-house procedures. But in the 1960s, it preferred short-form joint venture agreements that allowed more direct control in shaping the film's production while turning the producers into self-regulators. As the contracts reveal, Warner Bros. reshaped their business to grant production culture control to producers while also ensuring the studio's corporate role in the New Hollywood landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the effect of industrialization on African American families in northern Louisiana in the 1930s and 1940s, as seen in a representative father and son pair, R. D. and R. L. Belton, working in the lumber and paper industries in the small industrial town of Jonesboro. The remaining connection of such "transitional generations" to rural traditions, family networks, and survival strategies is discussed, as are changes in their education. The article takes a social history approach, seeing individual agency and collective influence in the decisions of black workers to move from the farm to the factory

A birth certificate establishes a child's legal identity and age, but few quantitative estimates of the significance of birth registration exist. Birth registration laws were enacted by U.S. states in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Using 1910-1930 census data, this study finds that minimum working age legislation was twice as effective in reducing under-aged employment if children had been born with a birth registration law, with positive implications for school attendance. There is some evidence that registration laws also improved the enforcement of schooling laws for younger children. A retrospective analysis with the 1960 census shows that the long-term effect of registration laws was to increase educational attainment by approximately 0.1 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the archival Blevins Davis (1903-1971) Papers (K0031), which are primary source documents of the U.S. playwright and theater and radio drama producer Charles Blevins Davis, located at the State Historical Society of Missouri’s Kansas City Research Center in Kansas City, Missouri. An overview of Davis's career in theater and radio is provided.

The article profiles the Norman Bel Geddes Papers at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin as of August 2012. The article states that the papers consist of almost 800 boxes containing the records of U.S. industrial designer Norman Bel Geddes. The article discusses the participation of Bel Geddes in the compilation of his records, the filing system employed by Bel Geddes, and the dominance of Bel Geddes's records of documents from his "Futurama" exhibit at the 1939-1940 World's Fair in New York City. The article discusses opportunities for historical research within the records, access to the collection, and the significance of Bel Geddes to 20th century design concepts.

In the early twentieth century, American newspapers enjoyed high circulations while presenting readers with diverse and plentiful content. After 1920, radio broadcasting made even more information available for public consumption, giving audience members an abundant range of media choices. During a time of plenty for readers and listeners, companies in the business of media struggled with the opposite problem: scarcity. As the amount of media content proliferated, the practical ability to disseminate it was determined by the access to scarce resources, and this was true for both radio broadcasting and newspaper publishing. In many respects, the history of the American mass media in the early twentieth century might best be told as a tale of two scarcities, one—the electromagnetic spectrum—defined by absolute limits and the other—the newsprint—defined by access to markets for a particular material, the supply of which often fluctuated in availability and price. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr. Volume 1: Called to Serve, January 1929-June 1951,' edited by Clayborne Carson et al.

In the 1940s and 1950s, institutionalist economists rapidly lost their influence over American economics. In parallel, a new mainstream emerged, and the institutionalists were extremely dissatisfied with the path taken by the economic science. We analyze the opinions and feelings about this context to shed light on the institutionalists’ understanding of the new mainstream economics. We construct a historical account of the institutionalists’ dissatisfaction with post-war economics based on archival material from the personal papers of Allan Gruchy, John Gambs, John Blair, and Clarence Ayres. In the period analyzed, the economists, who would later found the Association for Evolutionary Economics, acted as dissenters rather than institutionalists. In part, this explains the pluralistic path that the association has followed ever since its foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With Asia as its backdrop, Alfred McCoy's paper gives us a story of the rise of US hegemony after World War II. Using “military bases” rather than wars as a metric of imperial power, the paper traces the geopolitics of imperial expansion (and sometimes retraction) through a close and rich study of the many contestations around US military presence in the Philippines—contestations that occurred in both the United States and the Philippines. In doing so, one of the paper's most profound insights, made with considerable archival documentation, is that colonization and decolonization do not follow a linear trajectory and that its politics, rather than a simple imposition from the colonizer onto the colonized, are instead quite messy, complicated, and perhaps mostly importantly, in a constant state of negotiation. Thus, for instance, the paper shows us that political independence is not a clear rupture from colonization to decolonization, that arguments for the continuation or discontinuation of imperial relations post-independence are complex on both sides of the imperial divide and shift in different directions over time, and that who appears as a “threat” or an “enemy” that mobilizes a national community and nationalist resistance is also complex and inconstant. In other words, McCoy provides us with a historically detailed story of the rise of US hegemony in the latter half of the twentieth century through an account of the complex expansion of the US presence in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Nation women's engagement and resistance in the Muhammad Speaks (MS) newspaper. MS was created as the official publication of Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam (NOI) in 1960. The paper employed women as journalists and invited contributions from women who had registered with the group. Women's contributions to the paper's production and content reveal their readings of NOI mandates but they equally illuminate a gentle resistance to aspects of the organization. Elijah Muhammad's NOI implemented gender roles for men and women within the organization that were often inflexible. Women embraced the organization's gender roles and found ways to navigate the patriarchal dimensions of the movement. This paper argues that a careful analysis of women's writings for the MS newspaper reveals facets of their activism that have been overlooked in existing scholarly studies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The extralegal lynching of innocent individuals from discriminated groups remains a dark, lasting mark on the United States' history. Following the conclusion of the Civil War, former slaves and their descendants were frequent targets for this form of violence. A significant existing literature finds various contributing factors to the pattern of violence. However, the current paper is the first to document a relationship between the weather and the lynching of African Americans in the U.S. South during the early twentieth century. Within affected communities, we find heavy May rains reduced cotton yields which raises the probability of a lynching during the subsequent year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 1911 to 1929, Victor Berger edited the Milwaukee Leader, a Socialist Party daily newspaper. Berger advocated a peaceful transition to socialism via the ballot box. When the Leader opposed World War I, it lost its mailing privileges and Berger faced prison. This article examines the daily operations of the Leader and Berger's belief that a free press was crucial in fostering socialism. It argues that Berger's temperament and his business methods were unsuited to the capital-intensive world of daily newspapering in the 1920s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines three community colleges from the United States and four from Canada, using a qualitative multiple-case-study design to define changes in the colleges' institutional missions during the 1990s. Suggests that a new globally oriented vocationalism dominated the community college mission at the end of the twentieth century. (Contains 51 references.) (PGS)

“This is a Black Paper,” declared BUILD’s statement criticizing the Buffalo Public School system for providing inferior education to black children in Buffalo, New York. Written in 1967 by the community organization, BUILD (which stood for Build Unity, Independence, Liberty, and Dignity), “BUILD Black Paper Number One” was a call for change. Like other black communities in late 1960s America, black Buffalo was caught up in the fervor of the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements. A “Rust Belt” city, Buffalo was hit hard by deindustrialization, which, coupled with unemployment, segregated housing and unequal education, adversely affected its black community. In 1967, a riot exploded in Buffalo’s predominantly black East Side. This article analyzes statements made by black Buffalonians and argues that Black Power thrived in Buffalo in the late 1960s, through community organizations which attempted to address urban issues that negatively affected African Americans in a postindustrial city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Terrae Incognitae is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on contemporary press articles and applying a comparative methodology, this study examines the responses of important British and American quality papers to the unfolding of Nazi anti-Semitism from September 1930 until April 1933. Besides reconstructing and comparing the press coverage, the study seeks to explain the patterns beneath the journalistic perceptions and interpretations of Nazi anti-Semitism in the liberal democracies. During the final years of the Weimar Republic the papers reported fully and critically on Nazi anti-Semitism, yet they underestimated its radical nature. The extent of the assault on the Jews following Hitler's seizure of power therefore surprised British and American observers. Between 30 January 1933 and the anti-Jewish boycott of 1 April 1933 the journalists struggled to grasp the nature of Nazi anti-Semitism and the role of Hitler therein. Ultimately, their reading of events in Germany was preconditioned by their own liberal democratic outlook. Even if they reached differing conclusions, they were united in their conviction that Hitler and the Nazis would not dare to continue their anti-Semitic campaign in the face of adverse ‘world opinion’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Interracial marriage and relationships were illegal in much of the United States in the early twentieth century. The black press devoted a great deal of attention to this topic, often connecting it to African Americans 'encounters with racism and their struggle for civil rights. Part of this coverage in the national black weekly newspaper the Baltimore Afro-American included short and serial fictional stories on interracial romance. These stories, however, were often a contested medium among readers. Thus, a public debate occurred over the question of interracial romance stories and their place in the Baltimore Afro-American over the course of four months in 1934. This article examines this debate. Ultimately, interracial romance stories brought readers into conversation with each other and the Baltimore Afro-American to create a discourse that tied interracial romance to the African American battle for equality in the early twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the competitive forces which shaped ideological diversity in the US press in the early twentieth century. We find that households preferred like-minded news and that newspapers used their political orientation to differentiate from competitors. We formulate a model of newspaper demand, entry, and political affiliation choice in which newspapers compete for both readers and advertisers. We use a combination of estimation and calibration to identify the model's parameters from novel data on newspaper circulation, costs, and revenues. The estimated model implies that competition enhances ideological diversity, that the market undersupplies diversity, and that optimal competition policy requires accounting for the two-sidedness of the news market. (JEL D72, K21, L13, L41, L82, N42, N72) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Communication / Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación is the property of Revista Mediterranea de Comunicacion / Mediterranean Journal of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The eve of World War II saw the development of direct connections between public relations experts and issues of foreign affairs in the United States. Public relations professionals assisted both internationalists and noninterventionists to spread their arguments across the nation, helping them to hone their messages, to organize, and to raise money. All of the main citizens' organizations created during this period sought public relations assistance in the face of growing popular awareness of global events, and with an awareness of the need for public relations counsel in the face of an increasingly measurable concept of public opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article ‘A Note on Strict Implication’ was submitted for publication by C.I. Lewis and C.H. Langford but withdrawn in proof. The paper is, according to notes and letters by both Lewis and Langford, largely by Lewis. It constitutes an early attempt by Lewis to give meanings for the modal connectives using abstract objects. To be necessary, for example, is for a statement to have the same intension as a truth-functional tautology. This theory prefigures the view of Lewis's 1946 book,Analysis of Knowledge and Valuation. This introduction to the article looks at the historical background of the piece in addition to its argument and examines why it was withdrawn. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In 1970, Dennis J. Frailey generated his doctoral dissertation using a text processor on a computer, successfully producing plain-paper output that was accepted by Purdue University's dissertation office. This was before the days of word processors or widespread availability of plain-paper printers and the process involved several steps that may be of historical interest. This may also bring nostalgic memories to others who struggled as he did in those days prior to the advent of desktop publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper revisits the link between electrification and the rise in female labour force participation (LFP), and presents theoretical and empirical evidence showing that electrification triggered a rise in female LFP by increasing market opportunities for skilled women. I formalize my theory in an overlapping generations model and find that my mechanism explains one quarter of the rise in female LFP during the rollout of electricity in the U.S. (1880–1940), and matches the slow decline in female home production hours during this period. I then present micro-evidence supporting my theory using newly digitized data on the early electrification of the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most historians writing about America's 1919 Red Scare have claimed that the press, by exaggerating and sensationalizing the threat from radical leftists, helped foment a national hysteria. This article, focusing primarily on New York City's top three morning newspapers, argues that the press in 1919 did not irresponsibly stoke public fear. While most papers supported the government's crackdown on suspected radicals and took management's side in labor disputes, the overall sense they conveyed was that the radicals were ineffectual and the authorities firmly in control. Some newspapers, moreover, such as the New York American (the flagship of William Randolph Hearst's powerful chain), covered strikes fairly and downplayed the unrest roiling the country. Examining the circumstances and pressures under which each newspaper operated, this article explores what shaped their coverage and argues that their greatest impact was not on the public, but on politicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although she is best known as the author of the Expressionist drama Machinal, Sophie Treadwell was also a journalist. In 1915, she traveled to France to cover World War I for the San Francisco Bulletin and Harper's Weekly. This paper examines her published and unpublished war correspondence, consisting of articles for the Bulletin framed as letters to "D," a hypothetical friend back home in California, and a Harper's Weekly article emphasizing women's experience. The paper argues that because Treadwell did not focus on soldiers and fighting, but instead looked at daily life in "the big war theatre," her work was an effort to develop a female-centered journalistic voice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an investigation of attempts at endogenization and indigenization in the history of sociology in Japan. The author begins by presenting a short history of Japanese sociology. While the issues of endogenization and indigenization had been raised in the 1910s, imperialism and the militarization of the Emperor state and society blocked this form of development. Japanese social sciences have thus mainly followed the model of Western social sciences. The issue of indigenization gained attention after World War II and especially after the late 1960s, which was a time of reflection on the extreme influence of American sociology. In this context, this paper investigates the development of Kazuko Tsurumi's sociology, which is one of the best examples of work that deals with the issue of indigenization. Tsurumi analyzes social change from pre‐World War II to post‐World War II Japan by drawing on sociological functionalism. However, Tsurumi suggests that Kunio Yanagita's theory of folklore and ethnology provides a stronger explanatory framework than functionalism, and contends that Kumagusu Minaka has developed an approach rooted in East Asia. Tsurumi advances this indigenous development theory based on the work of Yanagita and Minakata, and at the same time internationalizes this theory. This paper concludes that Tsurumi's theory is an important medium between Western sociology and Eastern sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the diaspora effects of the Italian mass emigration of the late 19th-early 20th centuries on exports of Italian regions in the 2000s. We find statistically significant elasticities of exports to overseas economies on average higher than those estimated for European countries. The variability of the results across categories of exports provides indirect evidence on the presence of a preference effect of migrants to Argentina, while the information effect is more significant for migrants in the United States. Overall, the results suggest the new idea of searching for pro-trade effects of migration in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between contemporary American author Cormac McCarthy and Albert Erskine, his editor at Random House for more than twenty years. The relationship between Erskine and McCarthy is a crucial one not only because it gives an insight into the working practices of McCarthy, a man who has long resisted attempts to gain insights into his private life, but also because it allows a more general investigation of the influence of an editor on an author. In order to construct this investigation, the article draws on archival and manuscript sources, including unpublished letters, drafts and other communication between the two men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1936 case of United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp., the U.S. Supreme Court reasoned that the president is the sole organ of foreign affairs given implicitly through the commander-in-chief clause. With over 10,000 citations (Code of Federal Regulations) and 145 Curtiss-Wright references by attorney generals and the Department of Justice justifying presidential prerogatives, the imperial president is enshrined in law. Even with recent challenges, the Court remains steadfast to unilateral executive decision making. However, few studies identify when the executive branch first adopts the Court's newly constituted constitutional order, and few provide a systematic analysis of how presidents advance the sole-organ doctrine. Building on this scholarship I show that President Truman's cohesive narrative of asserted unilateral powers redirects development for future executives to claim unfettered discretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores Judith Waller's radio programming philosophy over her career that began in 1922 at WMAQ Chicago. In the 1940s, representing the interests of her employer NBC, Waller began to use the phrase "public service" as a way to break free of the "stigma" of educational radio. The concept of public service programming shifted during the 1930s and 1940s in the US, redefined and negotiated in response to assumptions about radio listeners, the financial motivations of commercial radio, and Federal Communications Commission rulings. This paper brings renewed attention to the past and present political economy of media in the US, providing a window into the historically complex relationship between commercial and noncommercial media that continues to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the rhetorical agency of Hilda Satt Polacheck, author of I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl, the only known memoir of life at Hull-House written by an immigrant woman. Polacheck wrote the memoir during the 1950s and 1960s, and her daughter, Dena Epstein, edited the manuscript for posthumous publication in 1989. I Came a Stranger focused on the influence of Jane Addams on Polacheck's early twentieth century experiences as a "Hull-House girl" and how she became an American at the social settlement. Although the memoir ends in 1935 with the death of Jane Addams, Polacheck's writings and political activities after 1935 shed new light on the author's reconstruction of her experiences at Hull-House. When Polacheck began writing the memoir in the 1950s, the FBI was investigating her and her adult children for alleged un-American activities. This article considers how Polacheck reconstructed her rhetorical agency and authority after Jane Addams' death to promote a more expansive and tolerant Americanism during the politically repressive Cold War era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As American newspapers came under various forms of financial strain in the 1940s, arguably the most significant threat facing the industry during this period was an onslaught of media criticism in conjunction with a series of attempted state interventions. This paper fleshes out recurring themes of 1940s media criticism and shows how they coincided with moves toward regulating the press, which had begun in the late 1930s. Using historical methods, including close readings of newspaper, trade press, and activist literature and other materials that shed light on debates around press reform, this critical revisionist history brings into focus a formative period in the American press system's development. The history that emerges from this archival evidence does not simply bring previously under-researched areas into focus; it also questions the presumed natural laissez-faire arrangement between the American government and the press—an assumption that largely remains intact to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Chicago Defender is one of the largest and most influential African American newspapers in the U.S. Some called it radical and dangerous. That's because as early as 1920 it demanded racial equality, particularly in the South, in jobs, housing and transportation and preached black empowerment and black self-reliance. The paper published incendiary editorials with messages such as, "When the white fiends come to the door to kill you, shoot them down. When the white mob comes, take at least one with you." But did the Defender maintain this aggressive stance some forty years later, in 1968, for instance, at a time when the civil rights movement was spreading across the country? To gain a true sense of history one must study the lion in winter as well as in spring. Thus this research examines what editorial positions the Defender took in 1968 and how readers responded through letters to the editor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims This paper traces the history of the narcotic clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana, comparing its merits to a similar clinic in Shreveport. How do the clinics compare, and why did the Shreveport clinic operate for longer than its New Orleans counterpart? Methods Qualitative analysis of contemporary medical journals and newspapers, as well as archival materials from the Narcotic Division. In addition, the records of Louisiana Governor John M. Parker, the papers of Dr Willis P. Butler in Shreveport, as well as the records of the Orleans Parish Medical Society have been utilized. Findings The narcotic clinic in Shreveport benefited from strong local support, while the New Orleans clinic faced a more vocal opposition. In addition, the Shreveport clinic offered a broad array of services and was a pillar of the community; the New Orleans clinic was newly established and offered fewer services. It was especially the influx of out-of-state addicts that angered many New Orleanians, many of whom witnessed the addicts lined up in the French Quarter. Conclusion The effectiveness of the narcotic clinics in Louisiana (1919-23) was influenced by local opinion. The New Orleans clinic faced a tougher political climate than its counterpart in Shreveport, and therefore proved less resilient in the face of federal opposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As previously demonstrated by scholars, the social justice feminism movement in the United States accomplished its two central goals by the time of that nation's official involvement in World War II. This article examines the subsequent development of former social justice feminists' search for political activism after World War II through the activities of one of the social movement's later, significant leaders, Gladys Avery Tillett, particularly in her participation in the controversial and bitter campaign of North Carolina United States Senator Frank Porter Graham to retain his seat in the 1950 Democratic party primary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explains how non-traditional countries in the field of wine had an outstanding performance in global markets, reshaping the wine global trade in the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century. Explosive growth in the last several decades of the twentieth century stared with traditional European producers in the 1970's, and then in non-traditional producer countries such as Australian and the United States in the 1980's. The Anglo-Saxon New World started their own wine exports boom presenting certain competitive advantages over their traditional competitors; these competitive advantages were 1) a better approach to new consumers, 2) an innovative operational and productive approach, 3) a simpler marketing and communications strategy, and 4) a strong and cohesive public and private support to exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convenience is an important factor for people in daily activities particularly for users who consume goods and services and also for retailers who provide such services. The retail industry took infant steps in the early 20th century across most of Europe and America. However, there was a considerable surge in the rise of supermarkets and hypermarkets in 2nd half of the century as they provided a convenient all-in-one-stop experience for customers. This subsequently created a huge growth of data in retail stores which presented a challenge for store owners to interpret with traditional business intelligence tools. Therefore, there was a need for real-time analytic tools to handle large datasets in sizes of up to Terabyte magnitudes. Query languages such as Hive and Pig became prominent in the analysis of customer data to ensure continued convenient experience for customers and quality provision of services for retailers. In this paper we analyze the underlying factors that have made Hive to be effective for the retail industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies U.S. inflation adjustment speed to aggregate technology shocks and to monetary policy shocks in a medium size Bayesian vector autoregression model. According to the model estimated on the 1959-2007 sample, inflation adjusts much faster to aggregate technology shocks than to monetary policy shocks. These results are robust to different identification assumptions and measures of aggregate prices. However, by separately estimating the model over the pre- and post-1980 periods, this paper further shows that inflation adjusts much faster to technology shocks than to monetary policy shocks in the post-1980 period, but not in the pre-1980 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how Richard H. Rovere's "Letter from Washington" helped the New Yorker become a prominent voice on U.S. politics in the years following World War II. He combined the style of a literary critic with a detached approach to politics to create a style that distinguished the New Yorker's Washington reports from those of its competitors and helped shape the magazine's reputation as a powerful player in the postwar political culture. His consistent support of the anti-Communist foreign policy that was pursued by the Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower administrations reinforced the Cold War consensus in the early 1950s. This article draws on archival materials, including the Rovere and the New Yorker papers, as well as the political pieces that he contributed to the magazine between 1948 and 1954, when he established his reputation as a Washington correspondent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the reporting of Nazi antisemitism and antisemitic violence by newspapers and journalists in North Carolina, focusing specifically on press coverage of Kristallnacht, a Nazi-led attack on Jewish-owned businesses and property throughout Germany. The author is also more generally interested in U.S. public opinion concerning German antisemitism and the Holocaust. While North Carolina periodicals are the focus of the article, the author also engages with reports in New York, California, and Wisconsin newspapers. Papers discussed include the "Greensboro Daily News," the "Charlotte Observer," and the "Wilmington Morning Star."

Newspaperman H. Allen Smith delighted Americans in 1941 with his book Low Man on a Totem Pole, which was stuffed with bawdy, folksy observations of a cross-section of humanity, from celebrities to strip-tease artists to everyday oddballs. This article offers a glimpse of American humor between the world wars as it tracks Smith's evolution, both professionally and personally, from a newspaper reporter to a successful humorist and book author. It uses letters, newspapers clippings, and other written documents contained in Morris Library's Special Collections at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, as well as excerpts from Low Man, Smith's first successful book. This article also explores how Smith's relationship with H. L. Mencken, a luminary in the writing field and a long-time Smith idol, changed during this time period. Finally, it examines where Smith's writing fits in light of larger trends in between-war humor and how his work influenced modern humorists familiar to readers today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the response of University of Florida president J. Wayne Reitz and University of South Florida (USF) president John Allen to what are identified as attacks against the privacy and academic freedom of university professors thought to be subversive, due in part to their alleged homosexuality or promotion of homosexuality, by the group the Florida Legislative Investigation Committee (FLIC) and Florida state senator Charley Johns between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s.

LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others) history is a continuously growing area of research and study proven to be important in adding new layers and closing gaps in the history of the United States. However, early queer historians had to lay the groundwork of the discipline while facing prejudice, marginalization, and discrimination from the Lavender Scare of the 1950s to the turn of the century. This text seeks to shed light on the discipline of queer historical research and provide an overview of important early historians and scholars who led to its legitimation today. This text also examines the events and culture of the United States that affected queer scholars and their work. Using diary entries, interviews, memoirs, introductions, and other texts, this paper shows the evolution of queer history as a whole, in itself, and among queer historians during the United States in the mid-to-late twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1978 the local government in the District of Columbia approved a measure to tax up to 70% of the profits made on residential speculation. The tax was the first of its kind in the USA. But, it was quickly overturned and deemed by supporters and opponents a failure. Based on 10 months of archival research and interviews in Washington, DC, this paper examines how property rights became a narrative barrier that tax supporters could not overcome. By narrative barrier, I mean the set of rules that shaped how speculation was discussed. Tax supporters did not publicly convey a counter-hegemonic vision of how tenure security and economic wealth could be achieved for black residents through means other than private ownership and real estate investment. This paper contributes to understandings of housing markets, housing crises, and intersections between housing justice and property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have long noted how President Franklin D. Roosevelt used a network of formal and informal advisors and executive agencies. Few if any, however, have noted the advisory role played by Anna Rosenberg during the war years. Using both personal and presidential papers, this article explores the diverse ways that Rosenberg assisted Roosevelt, including conveying the demands of African American leaders, supervising troubled agencies, and most important, serving as the president's alter ego in labor-management relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the historical formation of the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) in the United States and argues that programme emergence depended on the ability of policy entrepreneurs to link the economic concerns of agricultural production with the ideational concern of national security. Using a historical institutionalist framework this paper stresses the critical juncture of the Second World War and the positive feedback loop created between agricultural industries and schools to understand the emergence of the NSLP. In addition, it stresses the role of frames in policy-making and focuses on the use by policy entrepreneurs of a security frame whereby child malnutrition was cast as a national security issue. The policy window of war gave policy entrepreneurs the chance to use the politically and culturally resonant frame of security, in the contexts of agricultural subsidies, to push for the creation of this programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]