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Open source hardware such as RISC-V has been gaining substantial momentum. Recently, they have begun to embrace Google’s Android operating system to leverage its software ecosystem. Despite the encouraging progress, a challenging issue arises: a majority of Android applications are written in native languages and need to be recompiled to target new hardware platforms. Unfortunately, this recompilation process is not scalable because of the explosion of new hardware platforms. To address this issue, we present WasmAndroid, a high-performance cross-platform runtime for native Android applications. With WasmAndroid, developers can compile their source code to WebAssembly, an efficient and portable bytecode format that can be executed everywhere without additional reconfiguration. Developers can also transpile existing application binaries to WebAssembly when source code is not available. WebAssembly’s language model is very different from other common languages. This mismatch leads to many unique implementation challenges. In this article, we provide workable solutions and conduct a thorough system evaluation. We show that WasmAndroid provides acceptable performance to execute native applications in a cross-platform manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, many companies that develop mobile software applications have to develop the same application for the iOS and Android operating systems in parallel. Thus, the costs for creating the application will be higher because there have to be two teams of programmers. They have to work in parallel on the two platforms and to collaborate with each other, so that the developed application complies with requirements of design, planning and operation. The use of cross-platform frameworks allows the simultaneous development of an application for both the iOS and Android systems, generally using a platform-specific programming language, and the application code will be transposed and compiled into a dedicated code for each individual platform. Flutter technology is successfully used for the development of mobile applications, which contain a very good user interface and a technology which is simultaneously adapted to several platforms. Basically, the same code can be used for a web application that runs in a browser and can adapt itself to iOS, Android, Windows, MacOS or Linux platforms. Flutter is a development framework for front end, web development, UI, implemented by Google, being completely independent of the platform and can run both on IOS and Android systems, both as a web application and as a Windows application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the age of smartphones and tablets, the popularity of mobile applications is rising extremely quickly. There are countless purposes for using them, such as communication, social media, news, sending emails, shopping, paying, watching videos and streams, and playing games. Google's Android is currently the most frequently used mobile system in the world. The main aim of this article is to compare native and hybrid mobile applications created for this system, taking into account the needs and challenges of designing systems using BLE and Wi-Fi. The comparison was based on mobile applications implemented in the Java 8 language and the Ionic framework. The aim was to compare the efficiency of data processing in both technologies, in order to indicate dependencies that can help in the selection of technologies in the projects under development based on BLE, Wi-Fi and sensor networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Google Smartphone Decimeter Challenge (GSDC) was a competition held in 2021, where data from a variety of instruments useful for determining a phone's position (signals from GPS satellites, accelerometer readings, gyroscope readings, etc.) using Android smartphones were provided to be processed/assessed in regard to the most accurate determination of the longitude and latitude of user positions. One of the tools that can be utilized to process the GNSS measurements is RTKLIB. RTKLIB is an open-source GNSS processing software tool that can be used with the GNSS measurements, including code, carrier, and doppler measurements, to provide real-time kinematic (RTK), precise point positioning (PPP), and post-processed kinematic (PPK) solutions. In the GSDC, we focused on the PPK capabilities of RTKLIB, as the challenge only required post-processing of past data. Although PPK positioning is expected to provide sub-meter level accuracies, the lower quality of the Android measurements compared to geodetic receivers makes this performance difficult to achieve consistently. Another latent issue is that the original RTKLIB created by Tomoji Takasu is aimed at commercial GNSS receivers rather than smartphones. Therefore, the performance of the original RTKLIB for the GSDC is limited. Consequently, adjustments to both the code-base and the default settings are suggested. When implemented, these changes allowed RTKLIB processing to score 5th place, based on the performance submissions of the prior GSDC competition. Detailed information on what was changed, and the steps to replicate the final results, are presented in the paper. Moreover, the updated code-base, with all the implemented changes, is provided in the public repository. This paper outlines a procedure to optimize the use of RTKLIB for Android smartphone measurements, highlighting the changes needed given the low-quality measurements from the mobile phone platform (relative to the survey grade GNSS receiver), which can be used as a basis point for further optimization for future GSDC competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon (the "GAFAs") have been slow to disrupt the financial services sector, but they are likely to do so in the coming years by using their control of important customer access points such as mobile operating systems, search engines, app stores, and marketplaces. This paper discusses these issues in the context of competition law enforcement and the emerging UK and EU regulatory regimes aiming to curb the GAFAs' market power. The new rules can ensure that consumers will benefit from the innovations of the GAFAs and others without suffering the long-run effects of their further accumulation of market power. The new rules can ensure that the GAFAs do not benefit from an asymmetry of regulatory obligations compared to their financial services competitors, and that the GAFAs cannot leverage their market power from core activities into financial services whereby their financial services competitors are hindered in reacting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes Google's anticompetitive conduct, in the European digital market, between 2008 and 2018. Google favored the positioning and display of its own comparison shopping service, in its search engine results, to divert and reduce traffic from rival's comparison shopping service. Furthermore, Google imposed contractual restrictions on device manufacturers and mobile network operators, to promote the adoption of the search engine in the Android operating system through the tied distribution of mobile applications. Both conduct tried to protect and consolidate Google's dominant position in the search services market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the developments in the abuse of dominance enforcement in the European Union (EU) from November 2019 to October 2020. Other topics include the abusive practices in the market like unfair contractual terms, predatory pricing, and excessive pricing, the rulings by the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Commission on cases involving topics like the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and the alleged dominant position of Google.

Monetizing the growth of mobile platforms is increasingly important as more and more users adopt mobile platforms such as the Google's Android OS and the Apple's iOS. In this study, we use a differential game theoretical model to study the problem of joint advertising investment and in‐app advertising adoption decisions by platform owners and app developers on a mobile platform. A key finding is that a platform owner may delay or even not offer an in‐app advertising program if the revenue from such a program is low, which could explain the termination of Apple's iAd in‐app advertising program. One unexpected result is that when determining advertising effort or the timing of an in‐app advertising program, a platform owner does not need to consider the app developer's advertising effectiveness. Another interesting result is that an app developer acts strategically with an increase in ease of app searching: he either follows the platform owner to increase advertising or decreases it to take a free ride, depending on the effectiveness of his advertising effort. Finally, our analysis shows that in order to coordinate the mobile platform system, a central planner should adopt a mixed transfer payment scheme that includes both revenue sharing and advertising cost sharing, regardless of whether competition exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The encrypted smartphone presents a novel legal issue that is hard to crack. Smartphone data is essential to investigating and prosecuting a range of crimes, such as murder, human trafficking, child pornography, and terrorism. However, Apple and Google's recently reengineered mobile operating systems threaten to lock out law enforcement completely. These operating systems use full-disk encryption technology, which converts everything on a hard drive into an unreadable format until the passcode is entered. Additionally, other security features on the smartphone could result in the data being completely destroyed if the passcode is incorrectly entered a certain number of times. Locked smartphones are thus quickly becoming expensive paperweights filing the evidence rooms of state and federal law enforcement. This Note provides relevant background information on Apple and Google's use of full-disk encryption technology on their respective mobile operating systems. Based on the necessity of smartphone data in the twenty-first century, this Note explains that the inaccessibility of such crucial data will likely frustrate investigations and prosecutions because law enforcement cannot access it elsewhere. This Note concludes that to prevent "Going Dark," Congress must immediately enact an amendment to the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act that subjects the manufacturer and mobile operating system provider to a civil penalty for each instance that law enforcement cannot decrypt a smartphone it has the legal authority to search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current app store market is dominated by major platform firms that control mobile operating systems, such as Apple iOS and Google Android. While Apple has maintained strict control over its app store, Google has opted for a more lenient policy, until March 2022, when it would enforce its proprietary billing systems onto all paid and in-app purchases. This study examines the impact of Google's policy change on local Korean markets, especially the app store market, which features local app stores with a small but notable presence. By analyzing the responses of 18 managers, each of whom works for a different mobile content firm, this study examines specifically the probable strategies that mobile content firms can implement in response to Google's in-app purchase policy change. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model, this study finds that Korea's local mobile content firms are strongly inclined toward diverging away from Google's in-app purchase policy, but only if there will be sufficient governmental protection in tandem with cooperation from other industry firms. This study is one of the first to examine the responses to this policy change; thus, this research presents an array of meaningful implications to a timely and sensitive issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the development of low-cost smartphone operating systems by new technology firms in comparision to the iOS mobile operating system from Apple Inc. and the Android operating system from Google Inc. It mentions taht several technology firms are oplanning to launch mobile operating systems including the Firefox OS from Mozilla Corp., the Tizen from samsung Electronic Co. Ltd. and the BB Q10 from Research In Motion Ltd.

Herein find some features and definitions relating to the operation and behavior of the components needed for the execution of a road system georeferencing Colombia. For this purpose use emerging technology based on the Android operating system [1] Google Company, taking advantage of the flexibility and adaptability of which have existing GPS tools suitable for mobile operating system. With the above is possible to have real-time traffic information in a simple and practical for the user to make the best decision at the time of travel to anywhere in the country. The application is called sistema de georeferenciación y monitoreamiento del estado vial en Colombia para dispositivos móviles, which makes use of a middleware that performs the task of interacting and communicating with the various applications, software, net- working, hardware and operating systems, giving the user more and better information. In the course of project development phase to phase will see the progress in applying the methodology guided by V3 Metrics, which provides a useful tool for the development of information systems applied to an adequate systematization of activities that are taking place within the framework of project development, thus ensuring that objectives are met in terms of quality, deadlines and proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartphones containing sophisticated high-end hardware and offering high computational capabilities at extremely manageable costs have become mainstream and an integral part of users' lives. Widespread adoption of smartphone devices has encouraged the development of many smartphone applications, resulting in a well-established ecosystem, which is easily discoverable and accessible via respective marketplaces of differing mobile platforms. These smartphone applications are no longer exclusively limited to entertainment purposes but are increasingly established in the scientific and medical field. In the context of tinnitus, the ringing in the ear, these smartphone apps range from relief, management, self-help, all the way to interfacing external sensors to better understand the phenomenon. In this paper, we aim to bring forth the smartphone applications in and around tinnitus. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically analyze and investigate the current state of smartphone apps, that are directly applied in the context of tinnitus. In particular, we explore Google Scholar, CiteSeerX, Microsoft Academics, Semantic Scholar for the identification of scientific contributions. Additionally, we search and explore Google's Play and Apple's App Stores to identify relevant smartphone apps and their respective properties. This review work gives (1) an up-to-date overview of existing apps, and (2) lists and discusses scientific literature pertaining to the smartphone apps used within the context of tinnitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the features of the operating system Android L from Google. Topics discussed include the built-in battery tool of the OS which can boost the smartphone's battery life, the depth added by Google to the interface of Android L, and the compatibility of the OS on smartphones and tablets.