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Over the past few years, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has experienced great economic expansion, which has resulted in varied degrees of diversified commerce, an elevated level of government revenue, and an increase in the demand for energy. The purpose of this study is to provide a solution to this conundrum by analyzing the effects of trade diversification (TDF), government revenues (GRN), gross domestic product (GDP), and natural resource rent (NTR) on the sustainable development of the ASEAN countries between the years 1981 and 2022. In order to accurately portray the concept of environmental sustainability, the ecological footprint (EFP) is utilized to represent sustainable development. The quantile‐based econometrics technique known as the Method of the Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) has been utilized in order to investigate the direction and amplitude of the asymmetric correlation that exists between the interaction of GRN, TDF, NTR, and EFP. According to the estimations of the MMQR, it is proposed that government revenues, which include significant financial incentives that promote the stringent execution of environmental rules, hence avoiding deleterious impacts on the environment, have negative coefficients at all quantiles (Q0.25 − Q0.90). Conversely, TDF and GDP have a positive and statistically strong significant correlation across all quantiles (Q0.25 − Q0.90), revealing that TDF reduces environmental sustainability and expands the size of the world's EFP by making energy‐intensive products more accessible. In addition, the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and the Common Correlated Effect Mean Group (CCEMG) both provide evidence that supports the correlation study by demonstrating that there is a similar pattern of causality across variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh, being the fastest growing economy in the South Asian region, necessitates a comprehensive study to evaluate the influence of various socio-economic factors. The primary objective of this study is to get a comprehensive understanding of the concept of sustainable development and its relationship to carbon emissions. This analysis will specifically consider the current status of economic and anthropogenic activities within the context of Bangladesh. This research examines the aforementioned matter by utilizing the latest accessible yearly data spanning from 1990 to 2020, as well as employing advanced econometric models including the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag approach and frequency domain causality test. The analysis of empirical data reveals that the economic growth experienced in Bangladesh has yielded a discernible and favorable influence on the degradation of the environment, in both the immediate and extended periods. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that the observed impact holds no statistical significance. Furthermore, it is apparent that energy consumption has a substantial impact on the escalation of carbon emissions, in both the immediate and prolonged periods. Additionally, the processes of industrialization and foreign direct investment have also exerted adverse effects on short-term carbon emissions. A frequency domain causality test is used in this work to do a robustness analysis and confirm that there are causal links between economic growth, energy use, development, and carbon emissions over a range of time frames, such as the short, middle, and long terms. The above studies have given us a lot of useful information about how economic growth, energy use, industrialization, and environmental sustainability all affect each other in Bangladesh. Bangladesh should prioritize the formulation of policies and regulations that are centered around specific goals. These objectives include: (a) enhancing government engagement in activities related to environmental innovation, (b) integrating ecologically sustainable development targets by adopting renewable energy sources, and (c) devising strategies and initiatives to attract foreign direct investment, facilitate knowledge exchange, and promote energy-efficient manufacturing to stimulate economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unavoidable option for socially sustainable development is a low-carbon economy. One of the essential steps for China to attain high-quality development is reducing carbon emissions. It is necessary to realize low-carbon development in Sichuan, as it is not only an important economic zone but also an ecological protected area. The concurrent relationship among energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth was examined in this study using the Tapio decoupling indicator, and the factors affecting energy consumption and carbon emissions in Sichuan were broken down using the logarithmic mean Divisia indicator (LMDI). The findings demonstrate a fundamental relative decoupling relationship between Sichuan's energy use and carbon emissions. Analysis of energy consumption and carbon emissions in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2020 shows distinct patterns. From 2005 to 2012, in 2014, and from 2016 to 2020, the relationship between energy use and carbon emissions was relatively decoupled, with decoupling values ranging between 0 and 1. Absolute decoupling occurred in specific years: 2010, from 2013 to 2018, and in 2020. These periods are characterized by economic growth alongside reductions in carbon emissions. Factors affecting energy consumption and carbon emissions were consistently analyzed, showing similar impacts throughout the study periods. We find that population and economic growth are the main driving forces of these effects. The effects of energy intensity and industrial structure mainly play restraining roles, and the latter has a slightly weaker effect than the former. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct a sustainable development model by examining the short‐run relationship, long‐run relationship and causality between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. We consider a sample of 142 countries for 1991–2019 and employ time series analysis. The study noticed the long‐run and short‐run relationship between economic growth and renewable energy consumption in the case of all Countries Groups and regions such as Europe and Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa, Sub‐Saharan Africa and low‐income economies. Overall, we conclude that renewable energy consumption positively influences economic growth, which can motivate countries to achieve sustainable development goals. A nation cannot only focus on economic development when growing environmental and climatic concerns exist. What is essential is the prioritisation of sustainable development goals. The constructed model will help the countries plan, modify and implement national and international sustainable development policies. The results will also be helpful to intergovernmental organisations for channelling countries' efforts towards sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant demand for ecological services and diminishing environmental issues pose severe threats to the existence of humanity. Some scholars believe that the rapid development of financial sectors may add to this problem. Therefore, this study evaluates the impact of disaggregated financial development on the ecological footprint of the Next-11 countries using the panel data from 1995 to 2019. For in-depth empirical analysis, financial development is divided into three categories: banking sector development, insurance market development, and stock market development. Each class comprises four indicators, and the composite index is constructed using principal component analysis. Results of the unit tests indicate that variables are stationary at mix orders some variables are stationary at the level and others are stationary at the 1st difference. By utilizing DCCE and AMG estimations model. The study has confirmed the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in sampled countries by showing the inverted U-shaped relation between economic growth and ecological footprints. The results also revealed that both stock market development and banking sector development decrease ecological footprints and could help protect the quality of the environment. Furthermore, the findings show that municipal is inseparably linked to environmental adversity in the Next 11 countries. Therefore, to safeguard the ecological footprint in the Next-11 countries, sustainable practices with green financial development accompanied by green urbanization are among the appropriate solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerating the low-carbon transformation of the energy consumption structure is an important way to realize Chinese-style green modernization and development. Given the specificity of China's resource endowment and regional differences in energy distribution, the degree of reliance on coal varies greatly from region to region. Therefore, the differential impact of this dependence on the low-carbon transformation of the energy structure deserves high attention. To systematically assess the impact of environmental target constraints on the low-carbon transformation of the energy consumption structure in coal resource-dependent regions, this study was conducted on the basis of a theoretical analysis of the intrinsic influence of environmental target constraints on the regional energy consumption structure as well as the regulating mechanisms played by economic growth pressures and green finance. Taking the environmental target constraint system with Chinese characteristics as a quasi-natural experiment and the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2020 as a sample, the study used a generalized difference-in-differences model to empirically test the impact of environmental target constraints on the low-carbon transition of the regional energy consumption structure, and discussed the moderating roles of the pressure of economic growth and green finance on this impact. The results showed that: (J) After the implementation of the environmental target constraint system, the energy consumption structure of coal resource-dependent regions deteriorated significantly compared with that of non-coal resource-dependent regions, which supported the existence of the ' green paradox' phenomenon. This conclusion remained robust after considering the impact of related policies and the use of synthetic instrumental variables to deal with the endogeneity problem. © The test of the impact mechanisms showed that in coal resource-dependent areas, local governments were more motivated to promote the low-carbon transformation of the energy consumption structure under the pressure of the ' dual targets' of environmental target constraints and the economic growth target. Affected by the level of financial regulation and the ' green-washing' behavior of enterprises, green finance exacerbated the dilemmas of energy transformation in coal resource-dependent areas. © An expansive analysis based on the regional market environment showed that the inhibitory effect of environmental target constraints on the low-carbon transition of the energy consumption structure was more prominent in regions with low marketization levels than in those with high marketization levels. The study suggests attaching great importance to the structural adjustment of energy consumption in coal resource-dependent regions and promoting the low-carbon transformation of the energy structure in an orderly manner according to local conditions. Meanwhile, the study also highlights the importance of taking ' green' as a defining feature of local economic growth and leading local economic growth with the green development concept. In addition, a scientific and efficient green financial regulatory system should be built to ensure that green financial funds are truly used for green and low-carbon projects. It is also necessary to improve the market-based environmental regulatory mechanism to create a favorable business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) represents a comprehensive developmental blueprint that has been deployed across numerous Asian, European, and African nations, aimed at fostering economic growth and enhanced regional connectivity. However, concerns have been raised about its potential impact on the environment, specifically in the context of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Employing non-parametric analytical techniques, this research undertakes an empirical investigation into the relationship between economic growth (GDP), renewable energy consumption (REC), and CO2 emissions within the context of BRI participant countries, spanning the years from 2000 to 2018. The findings of this study reveal that REC exerts a pronounced and statistically significant mitigating effect on CO2 emissions, implying that an increase in REC corresponds to a reduction in CO2 emissions. In contrast, trade openness (TRADE) exhibits a positive and statistically significant influence on CO2 emissions, signifying that greater trade openness is associated with heightened CO2 emissions. However, the observed effects of GDP, fixed telephone subscriptions (FTS), and mobile cellular subscriptions (MCS) on CO2 emissions remain inconclusive, as their impact lacks statistical significance. The effect estimates of covariates on CO2 emissions using various models reveal that REC and TRADE significantly affect CO2 emissions, while GDP, FTS, and MCS still yield uncertain results. The outcomes draw attention to the necessity of implementing policies that encourage the use of REC and reducing trade openness as an efficient way of neutralizing CO2 emissions. This research provides valuable insights into the impact of the BRI on CO2 emissions and emphasizes the importance of addressing the environmental implications of this initiative. Policymakers should carefully consider these findings and develop effective strategies to foster sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligence relieving energy consumption and economic growth nexus is important for green development. To explore the potential power for sustainability, this paper uses entropy weight method to measure the intelligent level, adopts decoupling indicator between energy consumption and economic growth for green growth performance, and builds a spatial model to diagnose the mechanism of decoupling system. The results show that the achievements of intelligent development in the three regions are remarkable, and the intelligent level in the eastern region is the most prominent of all. Regardless of regional differences, intelligence is the main and stable driver deepening decoupling indicator; Notable pushing-out or pushing-in spilling power on regional decoupling through many channels can be identified, namely urbanization, income and FDI. Clean energy can help promote the driving effects of intelligence on decoupling and is not confined by regions. The fierce green competition race in the form of "anti-typicality" mode exists in various regions, especially in the Western region; only in the Middle region, the intelligent spatial spillover effect can form the driving force for decoupling. Accelerating the intelligent development and the application of clean energy is an effective measure to achieve the green environmental targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the carbon emission characteristics, driving factors, and decoupling status of the industrial subsectors is important for developing effective policy measures. This allows for implementing industrial emission reduction that, eventually, decouple carbon emission and economic growth. Such an analysis is especially important for the case of China on its way towards sustainable development and increasing global interrelationships. However, the literature still lacks comprehensive analysis, especially, at the industry level. This study uses the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index and decoupling indicator to analyze how different factors contribute to CO2 emissions in 28 industries in China during 2002–2017. The results reveal that the growth of industrial CO2 emissions has been positive but decreasing. The highest CO2 emission change is observed for production and supply of electric and heat power, processing of petroleum, coking, and nuclear fuel, and smelting and pressing of metals. These sectors also show high carbon intensity levels. The economic output (scale) effect and population effect comprise the two major factors promoting the CO2 emission. The energy intensity effect is the key inhibiting factor of the industrial energy-related CO2 emission in China. The suppressive effects of energy and industrial structure have been continuously increasing. The economic growth and CO2 emission has been gradually decoupling in the case of the 28 sectors analyzed. Manufacture of cloths, leather, fur, feather, and related products as well as production and supply of gas exhibit a relatively stable strong decoupling. Based on the decoupling analysis, this study shows that energy intensity has induced the decoupling, whereas the opposite effect has occurred due to economic growth, and the other factors showed little effect on CO2 emission decoupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amount of carbon emission is the main hazard to environment and human health. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of economic growth, forest zone, agricultural productivity, and energy consumption on environmental pollution in China using time series data from 1980 to 2020. The underline research utilized dynamic ordinary least‐squares (DOLS) method, Johansen and Engle–Granger cointegration tests, and the autoregressive‐distributed lag (ARDL) technique to analyze the varying data set. To compare findings, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) estimators are estimated. Energy use and population raise CO2 emissions with 1% economic development. Long‐term CO2 emissions may be reduced by 1% agriculture production and forestry zone growth. The Granger causality test showed causation between all variables. Results reveal that China might achieve sustainable development goals by cutting down CO2 emissions and mitigate global climate change. The underline research presents policy recommendations for attaining environmental sustainability in China through green investment by reducing carbon emissions. These policies highlight promoting use of renewable energy, financing green technological progression in agricultural productivity, and the ecological feasibility of China's forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving environmental sustainability has become a global concern amidst increasing climate change threat. Using quarterly frequency data for the case of Russia from 1992 to 2018, the present study explores the interaction between disaggregated energy consumption (renewable energy and non-renewable energy), trade flow and economic growth on a broader measure for environmental degradation (ecological footprint). The choice of the variables draws strength from initiative of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG, 7, 8 11 and 13) for responsible energy consumption and clean energy consumption while mitigating climate change issues. The study applied the quantile-on-quantile regression (QQR) and nonparametric causality-in-quantiles to capture these associations. The outcomes from the QQR disclosed that in the majority of the quantiles, trade openness and renewable energy use contribute to environmental sustainability, while nonrenewable energy amplifies ecological footprint. Furthermore, growth in Russia escalates its ecological footprint. Moreover, in the majority of the quantiles, all the exogenous variables can predict ecological footprint. Given the outcomes of this study, it outlines the need for a paradigm shift for alternative and clean energy consumption in Russian energy mix amidst its economic growth trajectory while accounting for green-development approaches. Pathways to fully achieve the sustainability targets are carefully outlined in the concluding section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some advanced countries' rapid population, economic growth, and energy consumption expansion contribute significantly to global CO2 emissions. And while developed countries have achieved 100% universal access to electricity, mainly from non-renewable sources, many developing countries still lack it. This presents challenges and opportunities for achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13 of generating all energy from cleaner or low-carbon sources to reduce CO2 emissions in all countries and combating climate change consequences. Renewable energies have been widely acknowledged to greatly advance this endeavour, resulting in many studies and about 30 countries already with over 70% of their national electricity mix from RE. It has birthed a new paradigm and an emerging field of 100% RE for all purposes, recently receiving much attention from academia and in public discourse. The major challenge with this idea is that achieving such a feat requires a more diverse approach. This study emphasises the need to meet technical and non-technical requirements for working towards a 100% RE for all purposes. Therefore, our work introduces six methodological or evaluation mechanisms (herein, identified as 100% RE evaluation metrics) suitable for existing and future 100% renewable energy analysis. It then reviews energy modelling tools to identify their applicability to 100% RE analysis. The review and perspectives presented in this study will be valuable in developing a common integrated methodology and modelling tool for analysing full renewable energy adoption in countries or regions with best trade-offs, using performance indices that have not been previously used. It will also help with proper national and regional energy resources and system planning for new energy projects and installations, contributing to sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is unquestionably necessary for economic progress, but it also results in carbon emissions, which are the leading cause of environmental deterioration and climate change. From this perspective, clean energy can contribute to both sustainable development and ecological sustainability, as it consists of non‐carbohydrate energy sources that do not or rarely emit greenhouse gases. In this context, this paper investigates economic policy uncertainty (EPU), economic expansion (EE) and clean energy consumption (EC) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Russia from 1995 to 2021. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was used to illustrate the interdependence of factors. The error correction model (ECM) is also used to check the relationship among the study's desired factors. The long‐term investigation found that EPU harms the environment by increasing emission levels. The economic expansion increases CO2 emissions and reduces the environmental quality, supporting the ecological modernization argument. The consumption of clean energy negatively impacts CO2 emission; hence its higher amount reduces the carbon. Thus, the study found a causal relationship between EPU, EC, EE and CO2 emissions. Based on the study's findings, a policy framework is proposed to address the sustainable development goals and environmental quality. Adding the other variables like environmental regulations can be taken as future direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the nexus between renewable energy use, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development within emerging South Asian nations, namely Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework. It examines annual data spanning from 1990 to 2019, examining key indicators of renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development. The ARDL bounds test results demonstrate the existence of co-integration among the variables in the long run. The empirical result finds that the renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and exchange rate have a significant impact on economic growth in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka in the long run. In India no significant relationship found in the long run. In short run assessment, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka also found same relationship with economic growth and renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and exchange rate. Interestingly, In Pakistan no significant relationship has found in short run estimation analysis. Furthermore, study tried to determine the causality direction by using the Toda Yamamoto granger causality approach, which reveals bidirectional causation between exchange rate and CO2 emission in India. In Pakistan, study also found bi-directional causality among the variables renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth. Finally, this paper emphasizes developing the policy as well as making a concrete decision regarding the renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, exchange rate, and economic development for ensuring sustainable economic growth in South Asian region. Future research could extend this work by including different dimensional data, additional countries, or using alternative or supplementary modeling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian countries are facing environmental degradation issue which is the result of nonrenewable energy usage for growth however this issue cannot be unnoticed. This study is an effort to highlight the causes for an emerging issue of environmental degradation in selected Asian economies. The research findings demonstrate that urban population, energy consumption and economic growth increases carbon emission CO2 (i.e., environmental degradation) in Asian countries. It is suggested that strategy formulation in Asian economies should implement and indorse renewable energy sources in order to meet up the high energy demand and to reduce CO2 emissions for certain sustainable economic development in Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate how to obtain the optimal balance between energy consumption and economic development, this paper proposes a multifactor optimization model (MFOM). Different from previous input–output optimization models, our proposed MFOM comprehensively considers the direct and indirect impacts of sectoral consumption activities on total energy consumption. The results show that MFOM achieves higher energy-saving goals by smaller adjustment to consumption activities than the previous input–output optimization models do. The results also show that the consumption of some products should be limited to achieve the energy-saving and economic growth goals, such as Non-ferrous Metal Ore Mining, Chemical Products and Ferrous Metal Ore Processing. Furthermore, the results indicate that the share of some sectors, especially high-level manufacturing sectors, significantly decreases in the consumption structure after optimization. To maintain the sustainable development of these sectors, the dependence of their production activities on energy-intensive products should be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of studies analyzed show a positive and statistically significant impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth. Nevertheless, some studies suggest a limited effect, while others find no statistically significant effect. Faced with this problem, we conducted a study aimed at analyzing the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the period 1990–2020. To determine the integration properties of the variables, we utilized the sharp and smooth structural breaks unit root test developed by Shahbaz, Omay and Roubaud (SOR). We also used the bootstrap approach of testing ARDL limits to examine the cointegration between variables. Using the VECM model, we studied the causal relationship between economic growth and its determinants. The results show, in the short and long run, the existence of a bidirectional causality between renewable energy consumption and economic growth (Feedback Hypothesis). Thus, there is a bidirectional relationship between GDP and capital and also between GDP and labor, in the long run. Therefore, an important policy implication resulting from this analysis is that renewable energy can be considered as an important factor for sustainable economic development in Saudi Arabia. The findings for Saudi Arabia may also be relevant for oil exporting countries to achieve efficiency and promote the renewable energy sector beyond oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of literature has highlighted the importance of green innovation and institutional quality in sustainability transitions. However, there is little empirical research knowledge about green innovation and institutional quality as significant factors for sustainable development, particularly in Africa. In this context, the study examines the relationship between green innovation, institutional quality, economic growth, export, energy consumption, urbanization, and CO2 emissions in three (3) African countries over the period 1990 to 2016 at a panel and individual country level. Westerlund–Edgerton panel cointegration test together with the Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fulller (CADF) test and Cross-sectional Im, Pesaran and Shin (CIPS) test correspondingly confirmed the variables employed are co-integrated and as well stationary. Major findings from the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator unveiled that: (i) green innovation mitigates CO2 emissions, whereas institutional quality increases CO2 emissions at the panel level and in South Africa; (ii) energy consumption increases CO2 emissions at the panel level and in all the individual countries; (iii) urbanization increases CO2 emissions at the panel and in Egypt and South Africa; (iv) an inverted U-shaped is evidenced to exist among economic growth and CO2 emissions in Egypt and South Africa. Finally, Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test revealed a unidirectional causal link from CO2 emissions to green innovation and institutional quality correspondingly. Policy implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty alleviation and energy saving are two major issues of sustainable development targets. Meanwhile, financial development (FD) is a powerful engine of economic growth, which is regard as a valid approach to contain the demand for energy consumption (EC). However, few studies link the three factors and explore the specific impact mechanism of poverty alleviation efficiency (PE) on the tie between FD and EC. Thus, we employ the mediation and threshold models to evaluate the influence of FD on the EC in China during 2010–2019 from the perspective of PE. We affirm that FD indirectly promotes EC through the channel of PE. The mediating effect of PE is responsible for 15.75% of the total effect of FD on the EC. Moreover, FD generates a significant threshold impact on the EC considering the change of PE. When the PE exceeds 0.524, the role of FD in promoting EC is strengthened. Ultimately, the outcome suggests policymakers need to prominent the trade-off between energy saving and poverty reduction during the fast evolution of financial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to ascertain whether there is an unbalanced link between CO2 emissions, foreign direct investment, and economic growth in Malaysia over a 40-year timeframe between 1980 and 2019. We investigated the asymmetric relationship , using non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) technique. The findings showed a noteworthy asymmetry between FDI, CO2 emissions, and GDP in Malaysia. The long-term and short-term effects of negative FDI on GDP are both equivalent to 0.028 and 0.021, respectively. This suggests that, compared to short-term fluctuations, long-term negative FDI adjustments have a considerably more negative impact on economic growth. The coefficient of positive (CO2+) and negative (CO2−) changes in economic growth is equal to 0.086 and − 0.152, respectively. It indicates that positive changes in CO2 emissions have stronger effects in the long run than negative shocks. Considering an asymmetric association between these two variables in the short and long term, Malaysian policymakers must comprehend the dynamic relationship between FDI, CO2 emissions, and GDP to plan appropriate economic and environmental policies that will support sustainable economic development and ensure a safer environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the impact of eco‐friendly technology on environmental degradation indicated using the load capacity factor (LCF) with the framework of the Load Capacity Curve (LCC) hypothesis. In this regard, an environmental degradation function is formed and analyzed using the Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (AARDL) approach during the period spanning from 1975 to 2021 for India. The outcome indicates that eco‐friendly technology reduces the LCF, thereby fostering environmental degradation in the long run, but the relationship is not significant in the short run. Further, an N‐shaped LCC hypothesis has been observed in both long and short runs. Besides, energy consumption exhibits a LCF reducing or environmental degradation boosting role in the short run and long run. These findings are consistent with other models that are used to check the robustness of AARDL‐based results. Thus, the study recommends policies for promoting eco‐friendly technology, judicious economic growth, and cautious energy consumption to attain sustainable development by increasing the LCF in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Kyoto protocol and the United Nations Sustainable development goals (UNSDGs) on climate action (SDG-13), there has been a need across economies for transition from fossil-fuel-based energy sources such as coal energy consumption to cleaner energy options i.e., a transition to a low-carbon economy. To this end, the present study explores the asymmetric relationship between coal energy consumption, economic growth, rising urban population and emission level in South Africa. The present study span is conducted on an annual frequency basis from 1965-2018. This study applies the novel Non-linear Autoregressive distributed lag methodology (NARDL) for the highlighted variables. Empirical results validate the asymmetric relationship between the variables under review over the study period. The NARDL regression further shows positive shock by GDP increases CO2 emission level while negative impact affects otherwise in the long run. On the other hand, coal consumption positive shock exhibits a detrimental impact on environmental quality in South Africa. This is insightful for policymakers. The urban population shows non-significant effect on emission levels over the sampled period. The knowledge of both positive and negative shock effects of GDP, coal energy consumption and urban growth is vital for policy construction in terms of both economic and environmental sustainability. Thus, policy prescription ranges from energy transition to alternative and cleaner energy sources like renewables and responsible energy consumption (SDG-12) should be pursued in South Africa. More far-reaching environmental policies are highlighted in the concluding section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the role of export quality in climate action goal of the sustainable development goals in emerging Asian countries. For this purpose, the empirical model that observes the impact of real GDP, energy use and export quality index on carbon emissions is constructed and is analyzed by ARDL bounds testing approach for the period from 1970 to 2014. We also include the square of real GDP as independent variable to observe the existence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis which implies the parabolic relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. The findings show that increase in export quality leads to a fall in CO2 emissions for China and India. In contrast, the effect of increasing export quality increases CO2 emissions in Thailand and the Philippines. Lastly, our asymmetric causality results show that the positive shocks of export quality causes positive shocks of CO2 emissions in Thailand and Indonesia. Furthermore, we found that positive export quality shocks cause negative CO2 emissions shocks in India while negative export quality shocks cause positive CO2 emissions shocks in China. We also confirm the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis in China and Thailand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European Union (EU) countries pay meticulous attention to environmental issues and achieve carbon-free development. In this direction, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and extending renewable energy are the primary goals. At the same time, the energy price and declining energy efficiency increase countries' environmental expenditures and hinder their capabilities for economic growth. Against this backdrop, this research aims to examine the influence of environmental regulations, renewable energy, and energy efficiency on green economic growth. The originality of the study is twofold: first, it evaluates the green economic growth of a country, which simultaneously reveals the options for economic growth and the capability to eliminate its negative effect on the environment by applying the Global Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index; second, it develops an econometric model based on panel data for EU countries for 2000–2020 to investigate the nonlinear impact of environmental regulations, the effect of extending renewable energies, and the growth of energy efficiency on a country's green economic growth. The study applies the following methodology: a system generalized method of moments (GMM) analysis. The empirical results confirm the U-shape, nonlinear impact of environmental regulations on a country's green economic growth along with a gradual increase in energy efficiency. In addition, the findings indicate that renewable energy is crucial for furthering a country's green economic growth. At the same time, environmental regulation has a significant role in extending renewable energy. The study results could be used as the basis for implementing green economic growth for EU countries and improving the policy of carbon-free development of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth‐energy‐environment relationship has been debated over the last decades. The devastating impacts of economic growth and energy consumption on the environment have concerned environmental stakeholders worldwide. Although education has been identified as an essential determinant of environmental degradation, its moderating role is overlooked in the literature. This study examines the direct and moderating roles of education in the growth‐energy‐environment relationship in 23 African countries. The panel mean group (MG), pooled mean group (PMG), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and the Driscoll–Kraay standard errors are used for the analysis. The study finds that the direct and moderating roles of education aggravate environmental degradation. The findings also reveal that the marginal impacts of energy consumption are contingent upon education and increase environmental degradation. The study recommends transforming the school curriculum to foster environmental awareness, competence, and mindset to improve the environment in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the global concerns regarding climate change and the related environmental adversities continue to persist alongside rapid development of the world economies, the United Nations declared a set of compressive sustainable development goals (SDG) that are to be realized by the end of 2030. These goals are specifically conceptualized to collectively facilitate the attainment of sustainable socioeconomic development while concurrently improving the quality of the global environment. Hence, this study assesses the interlinkages between economic growth, environmental pollution, financial development, and renewable energy use in light of the objectives of SDG8, SDG13, SDG10, and SDG7 by considering the BRICS nations as a case study. Although the previous studies, in this regard, have predominantly focused on specifically scrutinizing the determinants of these four macroeconomic variables of concern, not much importance was shown to map the interrelationships among these variables. The econometric analysis conducted in this study utilizes quarterly frequency data covering the period from 1990‐Q1 to 2020‐Q4. Overall, the findings from causality and variance decomposition analyses reveal that in the long run these variables are influenced by each other which, in turn, also verifies the cross‐linkages between the four SDG of concern. Besides, the causality‐related findings appear to be robust when alternate causality estimators are employed. Therefore, based on these critically important causal relationships, a set of interactive SDG‐related policies is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ambitious goal of the European Union (EU) countries is to achieve carbon neutrality by providing inclusive economic growth, which requires the development of relevant incentives and initiatives. Furthermore, such incentives and initiatives should guarantee the achievement of the declared goals. Energy sectors are the core determinant of inclusive economic growth. Traditional energy resources (coal oriented) have a higher negative impact on nature and people's well-being than on economic and social benefits. However, the transition to renewable energy raises new issues in achieving goals of inclusive economic growth: affordable and clean energy, responsible energy consumption, and energy infrastructure. The analysis of the theoretical framework found that the digitalization of government could be a core instrument for handling the abovementioned issues. The paper aims to justify the role of green energy in achieving inclusive economic growth empirically. The study applies the following methods: fully modified Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and canonical cointegrating regression. The findings allow concluding that institutional quality passively affects inclusive economic growth and that the digitalization of government has a U-shaped impact on inclusive economic growth. In this case, countries should boost the digital transformation of public services and continuously increase the quality of institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a country's economy is directly related to the use of energy in that country's economic sectors. Therefore, the energy–environmental Kuznets curve (EEKC) is often used when analysing a country's potential and challenges in sustainable development, green economy, and green growth. This hypothesis tests whether there is an inverse "U"-shaped relationship between energy use and economic growth and is especially important when analysing developing countries to assess if, at a certain point, energy use begins to drop, resulting in fewer greenhouse gas emissions, environmental degradation, and the consumption of fossil-based fuels. This study aims to examine the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the Baltic States from 1995 to 2019, with a focus on the agriculture sector. The study uses the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model for individual and panel time series. Total energy use, as well as electricity use, is included in the study, whereas gross value added is employed as a measure of economic growth. Research data analysis reveals that energy use in all three Baltic countries stabilises as gross value added increases. However, there is insufficient evidence to show that after a certain point, energy use begins to drop; thus, the hypothesis for the inverse "U"-shaped energy–environmental Kuznets curve (EEKC) is rejected. Research results have important practical implications regarding countries' policies toward energy, including the use of electricity and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aims to investigate the impact of financial development on the ecological footprint in Pakistan from 1980 to 2018 by controlling economic growth, the square of economic growth, and energy consumption. The structural break unit root test results show that all variables are stationary at first difference. The bound F-test for cointegration affirmed the indications of a long run connection between the parameters in the discussion. Moreover, we use the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model to check the non-linear links in establishing the associations between financial development and ecological footprint. The outcomes suggest an asymmetric connection between financial development and ecological footprint because positive and negative shocks in financial development have different effects on ecological footprint. The findings reveal that the impact of the positive shock on financial development is negative but insignificant. Besides, the impact of the negative shock on financial development is positive and statistically significant. It implies that a 1% increase in the negative shock of financial development causes a 0.0877% rise in ecological footprint. The coefficient of economic growth is significant at a 1% level of significance. In the long run, a 0.4471% increase in ecological footprint is associated with a 1% increase in economic growth. However, the coefficient of the square of economic growth is negative but insignificant. Thus, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is not valid in Pakistan. Likewise, energy consumption positively affects the ecological footprint. The results of short run estimates correspond to the long run estimates. As a policy suggestion, the current study suggests expanding green financial development in Pakistan by emphasizing more on Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There is strong scientific evidence to suggest that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are one of the key drivers of global warming. Rising CO2 emissions across the globe have been traced back to increasing global trade and rapid industrial development powered by fossil fuels. High CO2 emissions have had an adverse effect on the quality of life and economic growth of communities across the globe. In this study, the Granger causality approach is used to examine scientifically some causal relationships between energy consumption, CO2 emissions, economic growth, and key macroeconomic variables (trade openness and foreign direct investment) in the panel of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) countries. FATF countries are signatories to agreements to adhere to good financial practices to ensure sustainable development of their economies. The empirical analysis was conducted for the period 1980 to 2020. Results indicate a strong endogenous relationship between the variables in the short and long run. The analysis suggests that careful co-curation of economic, trade, energy, foreign direct investment, and environmental management policies is needed to ensure sustainable economic development in the FATF countries. Global trade and foreign direct investment policies must foster new environmental-friendly industries and greater use of clean renewable energy among these countries. Note: Arrows indicate direction of possible causal links between the variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BRICS comprise of group of emerging market economies which are committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals agenda of the United Nations by the end of the year 2030. In this regard, it is critically important for these nations to sustain their annual rise in their economic growth rates while simultaneously declining the rate of discharge of carbon dioxide emissions. Against this backdrop, this study aims to investigate how financial development, greater primary energy consumption, and technological innovation affect the prospects of the BRICS nations in achieving economic and environmental sustainability. Considering the period from 1990 to 2020 and utilizing methods that are robust to working with cross-sectionally dependent, heterogeneous, and endogenous panel data, the key analytical findings derived in this study reveal that higher levels of financial development, primary energy consumption, and technological innovation boost the per capita economic growth rates of the BRICS nations. Besides, technological innovation also moderates the financial development–economic growth and the primary energy consumption–economic growth nexuses by jointly boosting economic growth rates with these two macroeconomic variables. On the other hand, financial development and higher primary energy consumption are seen to boost the annual per capita carbon dioxide emission growth in these emerging nations, while technological innovation is observed to do the opposite. Furthermore, technological innovation is witnessed to moderate the nexus between energy use and economic growth to further reduce the emission growth rate in the BRICS nations. Accordingly, a set of policies are recommended to the concerned governments in order to enable the BRICS nations to attain the Sustainable Development Goals agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals say that low-carbon economic growth is essential, more research must be done to determine how the tourism sector affects carbon productivity. So, to see if increased energy usage, tourism, and economic growth jointly raise carbon productivity in Kuwait, this study uses a vector error correction strategy to look at the years 1995–2020. Predictions about how sustainable tourism will affect energy efficiency, and carbon productivity improvements are also an excellent way to learn more about this subject. As the amount of carbon dioxide in the air increases, tourism will go down by 0.13 percent. Inverse cointegration is the term for this phenomenon. However, the vector error correction model showed that carbon emissions go down as the economy grows and people pay more attention to how much energy they use. Nevertheless, Granger's theory of cause and effect says that carbon emissions, energy use, and economic growth can only lead to more tourism in one way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green financing is an emergent technology in recent days that supports the nature of environment with reduced carbon emissions. Also, the renewable energy sources or green resources are the most suitable options for improving the economic growth and sustainability of environment. Recently, many industrial organizations over the world were able to provide support to the deployment of green energy projects because it is less harmful to the environment and increases the financial development of country. Therefore, this paper objects to analyze the major effects of green financial strategies for developing the green energy projects. Moreover, it discussed about the recent trends of adopting green projects for ensuring the sustainability of environment with increased energy utilization. In addition to that, it examines various challenges and risks that are associated to the deployment of green financing strategy. The long-term financing, associated risks in project development, minimized return values, and lack of capacity are the major risks of green financing management systems. According to the recent reports, it is stated that the government sectors have an increased responsibility for funding the green projects to support the environment nature. Nevertheless, some of the public and private sectors in different countries are motivating the green energy projects by providing the financial support to the short-term and medium-term organizations for ensuring the sustainability of environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of financial development on energy consumption for a wide array of countries. The estimators used for financial development are foreign direct investment, economic growth and urbanization. The study employed a panel data regression on 136 countries with time frame of years 1990 to 2019. The model in this study deploys system GMM technique to estimate the model. The results show that financial development has a significant negative impact on energy consumption overall. Foreign direct investment and urbanization has significant impact on energy consumption. Also, economic growth positive impact on energy consumption its mean that economic growth promotes energy consumption. When dividing further the sample into different groups of regions such as Asian, European, African, North/Latin American and Caribbean countries then mixed results related to the nexus between financial development and energy consumption with respect to economic growth, urbanization and foreign direct investment. The policymakers in these different groups of countries must balance the relationship between energy supply and demand to achieving the sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of green innovation has dramatically increased in the recent times because of the potential benefits attached with it. Therefore, in order to make the technology more affordable, green innovation is the key to enhancing the affordability factor. On the other hand, in order to safeguard the environment, the role of media is one of fundamental importance. In contrast, energy consumption is often regarded as a key indicator of economic prosperity, mostly at the cost of the environment. Hence, the present study attempts to explore the asymmetric effect of the film and drama industry, energy efficiency, and economic growth on green innovation, with the help of the latest quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) method for the period 2000Q1 to 2019Q4. The results have reported a positive and significant association of the Film and Drama Industry, Energy Efficiency, and economic growth on the quantiles of Green Innovation. Based on the findings, it is recommended that there is a dire need to develop content that promotes the green innovation, whereas, more investments are to be sought after, so as to enhance the level of energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian economies in contrast with other developing economies appear to be the lowest in competition when it comes to achieving sustainable development. The reason is connected with energy security and non-renewable energy as these are one of the key issues which are confronted by these nations. Therefore, the current study proclaims to investigate the crucial factors that play a bigger role in sustainable development. These factors are measured in the context of adjusted net savings and the study extracted the data from 10 Asian economies covering the time period of 1990–2020. The study adopted panel estimation, slope heterogeneity, co-integration, and CS-ARDL techniques to estimate the coefficient. Whereas, for robust analysis, AMG and CCEMG techniques were used. The findings revealed that REW energy, economic growth, and financial development altogether enhance adjusted net saving and reduce non-REW energy consumption. It is recommended in the study that the sample countries should adopt the required provisions in renewable sectors. • Renewable energy, financial development, and economic growth increase adjusted net savings. • Energy is a crucial enabler of sustainable development goals (SDGs) since it boosts productivity. • To achieve sustainable development, it has become imperative to meet the ever-increasing energy demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the effects of renewable energy, nonrenewable energy, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on output growth in the five South Asian economies. For this purpose, a panel growth model has developed over the period 1990–2018. Pedroni cointegration estimates indicate that renewable, nonrenewable energy, FDI, and gross domestic product (GDP) are cointegrated. The results from the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) depict the nonrenewable energy stimulates output growth. FDI also has a positive impact on output growth. Besides, the empirical results confirm that renewable energy has a significant and positive impact on output growth in the South Asian economies. The findings suggest that South Asian economies should investment in renewable energy for sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving sustainable development is the prime objective of every government. Based on Solow's theoretical proposition, this study attempts to explore empirically the linkages between tourism, energy consumption, and economic growth, for the top nine Asian travel and tourism countries including Indonesia between 1995 and 2018. The fully modified ordinary least squares method and Granger's causality approaches are implemented for empirical analysis. The empirical result reveals that tourism has a statistically positive impact on economic growth in Asia's top nine travel and tourist countries. Moreover, energy consumption, exports, and savings have also a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth. The results of panel Granger causality tests demonstrate that there is a mutual interdependence between tourism, energy consumption, and economic growth in the selected panel country group. The empirical finding indicates the positive influences of tourism on economic growth; therefore, the government must strive to formulate a policy that would help to build infrastructural adequacy and promote tourism development in Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's extensive economic growth has been accompanied with high levels of pollution, and excessive energy consumption has brought serious pollution problems. The use of financial resources to regulate green production modes and encourage high‐quality economic development has become a major focus in academia. At the same time, growth enterprise market (GEM) enterprises, which mainly operate in technology‐intensive industries, are assumed to have a simulating effect on regional innovation. Therefore, this paper utilizes the capital return differences of 4437 listed companies and 920 GEM companies based in 30 provinces of China from 2008 to 2018 to quantitatively analyze the levels of financial misallocation. With two‐stage regression method, the direct effect of financial misallocation on regional green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) and the indirect impact observed when taking regional innovation as an intermediary variable are discussed. Furthermore, dynamic threshold panel regression and heterogeneity analysis are used to verify the above nonlinear relationship. The empirical findings indicate that financial misallocation enhances innovation capability and further restrains GTFEE. With an improved degree of marketization and environmental regulation, the inhibitory effect of financial misallocation on GTFEE is more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and global warming have raised the need to use renewable sources. The expansion of the use of renewable resources has a deep relationship with energy consumption, its price, and economic growth. Therefore, based on the threshold regression approach, this study evaluates the effect of price and energy consumption on renewable energy development in Iran's different economic growth regimes. In this regard, by collecting economic data in Iran over 30 years, using STATA software, and forming a threshold regression model, the asymmetric effect of energy prices on energy consumption is investigated. The results showed a threshold for regression equal to 7.28% in the annual GDP growth rate data. According to the threshold value, economic analysis is divided into two parts: economic growth below the threshold and economic growth above the threshold. The results show a negative and significant relationship between the energy price index and the share of renewable energy in Iran during high economic growth. The reason for this is related to the unstable and intermittent growth of the economy, unprincipled management of resources due to increased revenues due to rising energy prices, energy subsidies, and the private sector's reluctance to invest in cheap renewable energy fossil fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the determinants of communicable diseases (CDs) and nexus of financial development, economic development, and renewable energy consumption to address the issues of ecological footprint level, the impacts of communicable diseases (CDs), and economic growth of the OECD countries throughout 2000-2019. The results from FMOLS and DOLS reveal that the levels of financial development, energy consumption, and trade volume significantly contribute to overcoming the death toll occurring due to CDs. As regards the growth function, the level of trade in the economy is significantly associated with economic growth. The findings reveal that the improvements and developments in the financial sectors and trading activities cause a reduction in the infection cases represented by COVID-19. In contrast, economic growth does have a negative but insignificant impact upon COVID-19. We conclude that sound financial development combined with economic and environmental regulations could be strategically helpful to cope with CDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change currently observed and expected in the future is associated with risks to security and sustainable development and natural and irreversible consequences. To minimize these risks, it is necessary to adapt the public administration, economic sectors, and regional infrastructure to the changing climate conditions. This paper discovers the links between CO2 emissions and their key determinants such as economic growth, energy consumption, population, trade openness, and financial development including the period from 1990 to 2020 to test the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by using ARDL bound test for the Russian Federation. Findings reveal that energy consumption and population have a positive impact on CO2 emissions, while economic growth, financial development, and trade openness have been found to decrease CO2 emissions in the long term. The results of this paper show that there is a "U"-shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in the Russian Federation. This shows that EKC is valid up to a certain income level in the Russian Federation, and when this income level is exceeded, a positive relationship will begin between economic growth and environmental degradation. As a policy implementation, policymakers must implement clean energy technology policies to achieve the 2060 net zero carbon target. Policies such as fossil-based energy use and reducing energy intensity should be adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries enact environmental regulations to achieve sustainable development and ecological sustainability. However, environmental regulations do not guarantee environmental sustainability unless implemented efficiently. Furthermore, political institutions play a key role in the formulation and management of environmental regulations. This research examines the relationship between democracy, environmental regulations, economic growth, and ecological footprint (EF) in the panel of G7 nations from 1985 to 2017. Second generation econometric techniques are used to analyze the data. The empirical evidence indicates that economic growth enhances EF while democracy and environmental regulations positively contribute to ecological sustainability by reducing EF. The causal outcomes reveal that democracy Granger causes EF and renewable energy indicating that democracy curbs environmental degradation and stimulates the share of renewables. Further, democracy and environmental regulations Granger cause each other. Lastly, the implication of these findings for sustainable development and ecological sustainability are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While promoting the economic growth, energy has also brought pollution problems to the world environment, which has gradually become a bottleneck impeding sustainable economic development. In view of the rapid evolution of urbanization and industrialization, economic growth is increasingly dependent on the energy consumption, the development of the two is difficult to coordinate, and the internal contradictions are becoming increasingly serious, which hinders the sustainable development of economic growth. This study establishes the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth according to the energy Kuznets curve and studies the future trend of China's sustainable development through the comparative analysis of the energy Kuznets curve of the United States and Germany. The results show that, at the turning point of energy consumption, China's energy economic rate is higher than that of Germany and the United States. In addition, in terms of urbanization rate and industrial structure, although China's tertiary industry has made a breakthrough, it is still lower than that of the United States and Germany, but the level of urbanization rate has made significant progress. In short, China has obvious advantages in future economic development and has a late developing advantage compared with the United States and Germany. This paper makes an empirical analysis of the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in OECD countries and finds out the turning point of energy consumption, so as to provide a theoretical basis for coordinating China's energy consumption and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to explore the connection of financial development, sustainable environmental-economic growth, and energy consumption among the South Asian Nations. This research examines a combine influence on energy consumption, financial development on sustainable environmental economic growth regarding south Asian economies. This study has used autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) and panel data set from World Development Indicators (WDI) start from 1980 to 2018. The findings of this study indicate a significant and positive effect of financial development toward economic growth of selected south Asian economies. However, energy consumption has also positive impact toward sustainable environmental-economic growth, which further leads toward sustainable environmental agenda progress. Finally, energy consumption results have positive effect on sustainable economic growth among mean group (MG), pooled mean group (PMG), and common correlated effect mean group (CMEMG) results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is pivotal for sustainable economic growth. Undoubtedly, the role of the composition of the export basket (measured as economic complexity) is one of the crucial variables influencing energy consumption. Despite its importance, the existing body of literature does not intensively study the relationship between economic complexity and total energy consumption. Therefore, this study's primary aim was to examine the effect of economic complexity on energy consumption in a case study of 21 developed and 44 developing countries for the period 1971–2014. In this context, economic complexity expresses the level of sophistication of a country's export basket. This paper considers energy prices and income as explanatory variables in Durbin‐H panel cointegration analysis and applies a cointegration test with structural breaks to check for the long‐run relationships. For the long‐run estimations, we employ the augmented mean group method and dynamic seemingly unrelated regression. The findings reveal that economic complexity increases energy consumption in developing countries while it decreases energy consumption in developed countries. This is an important insight for countries concerned about their energy dependence. The diversification of their production and export baskets can reduce energy needs. The paper finally presents policy recommendations based on the empirical estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the global economies are in pursuit of achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) agenda, it has become pertinent to undergo an energy transition and enhance energy use efficiency in tandem. This is creating a disparity in the renewable energy generation, which is arising out the structural transformation of the economies. Against this background this study aims to assess the impacts of structural transformation on inequality in renewable energy productivity across selected OECD countries between 1990 and 2019. This study is important from the perspective that due to inequitable economic growth trajectory attained by the OECD nations, the renewable energy consumption levels of the OECD nations display significant amount of disparity which can also be reflected in terms of unequal distribution of renewable energy productivity across these countries. Besides, since the OECD countries are gradually transforming their economies from being agriculture-oriented to service-oriented and are becoming more focused on energy innovation and energy efficiency aspects, it can be hypothesized that this structural transformation might reduce the inequality in renewable energy productivity among these nations. Using second-generation methods and dynamic elasticity analysis, this study finds that structural transformation helps to reduce the inequality in renewable energy productivity. Besides, technological innovation is also evidenced to exert inequality-reduction effects. In contrast, conflicts and economic conflicts are evidenced to generated adverse effects on inequality in renewable energy productivity within the OECD countries. Furthermore, the outcomes from this study have also identified the policy interventions responsible for the aggravation of inequality in renewable energy productivity. Based on these findings, a policy framework has been provided to help the OECD countries to attain the objectives of SDG 7 and SDG13. • Structural transformation impacts inequality in renewable energy productivity. • Study is done for the OECD countries. • Dynamic elasticity analysis is used. • Policy framework to address SDG 7 is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present era, economic sustainability depends in many ways on energy security, and this is more applicable for the emerging countries of the world in the perspective of sustainability of their growth. To this end, the present study analyzes the impacts of institutional quality, economic growth, and exports on renewable energy consumption using panel data for 19 emerging countries from 2002 to 2019. This research is based on the panel PMG-ARDL approach and examines the long-run relationship among the variables. The panel co-integrated model has also been employed to cross-examine the result. The robust results of the empirical analysis show that institutional effectiveness, economic growth, and export growth have significant effects on renewable energy consumption. Unidirectional causal link is found from economic growth and export to renewable energy while renewable energy is unidirectionally linked to corruption control. This result provides valuable insights on how emerging countries should best focus on their institutions to make those more effective and corruption-free so that countries can sustain their economic growth with better exploration and utilization of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes by investigating the association between scale, technique, and composition effects on energy consumption by considering financial development, oil prices and globalization as potential determinants of economic growth and energy consumption. We have applied recent cointegration considering cross‐sectional dependence and structural breaks introduced by Westerlund and Edgerton, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2008, 70, 665–704. Furthermore, FMOLS, DOLS and Cup‐FMOLS are applied to examine impact of scale effect, technique effect, composition effect, financial development, oil prices and economic globalization on energy consumption. The empirical results show that variables are cointegrated for long run relationship. Scale effect and technique effect are negatively and positively linked with energy consumption. Composition effect and economic globalization stimulate energy consumption. Contrarily, financial development and oil prices decline energy consumption. This empirical analysis helps policy makers of developing economies in designing their comprehensive environmental policy for sustainable economic development in long‐run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]