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It has been recently demonstrated that laser micromachining of magnetoactive elastomers is a very convenient method for fabricating dynamic surface microstructures with magnetically tunable properties, such as wettability and surface reflectivity. In this study, we investigate the impact of the micromachining process on the fabricated material's structural properties and its chemical composition. By employing scanning electron microscopy, we investigate changes in size distribution and spatial arrangement of carbonyl iron microparticles dispersed in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix as a function of laser irradiation. Based on the images obtained by a low vacuum secondary electron detector, we analyze modifications of the surface topography. The results show that most profound modifications occur during the low-exposure (8 J/cm2) treatment of the surface with the laser beam. Our findings provide important insights for developing theoretical models of functional properties of laser-sculptured microstructures from magnetoactive elastomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfuric acid corrosion is a non-negligible problem affecting the durability of concrete materials. To explore the mechanism of sulfuric acid corrosion on the fracture performance and microstructure of concrete, three-point bending test was utilized to analyze the evolutionary characteristics of the crack mouth opening displacement and the fracture toughness of concrete corroded by sulfuric acid. Scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectrometer were utilized to analyze the characteristics of microscopic morphology and corrosion products of concrete corroded by sulfuric acid. The result shows that the fracture evolution of concrete can be divided into four stages: nonlinear development stage, linear development stage, deceleration expansion stage, and accelerated expansion stage. In purified water environment, the peak fracture load and fracture toughness of concrete is positively related to corrosion time. In sulfuric acid corrosion environment, the peak fracture load and fracture toughness of concrete are negatively related to corrosion time and concentrations of sulfuric acid solution. Microscopic experiments show that the interior of concrete is less affected by sulfuric acid corrosion, and the structure is relatively dense compared with the surface. The expansion crystal ettringite formed at the fracture surface of the concrete specimen during sulfuric acid corrosion was the main reason for the durability reduction of concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrophotometry (EDS), the degree of bone mineralization of the tissues on the surface of faliure dental implants with immediate or late loading. Materials and method. In the study, 8 dental explants from 8 clinically healthy, non-smoking patients were taken. All implants were inserted by the same dental surgeon, 4 of them were immediate loaded and 4 were late prosthetically loaded by the same dentist. The ablation of the implants was performed as atraumatically as possible and they were collected in sterile containers and sent to the BIOMAT Research Center, where they were subjected to SEM and EDS analyses. The ratios between the chemical elements calcium and nitrogen (Ca/N), phosphorus and nitrogen (P/N), respectively calcium and phosphorus (Ca/P) were calculated for each of the 8 samples and were statistically analyzed. Results. If we compare the degree of coverage of the implants with bone tissue in different phases of mineralization, we find that the bone structures occupy a larger surface area of the implants in the cases with immediate loading compared to the cases with late loading. Thus, out of 4 immediately loaded implants, 2 were completely covered, one showed very little exposed areas, and the fourth showed alternating covered and uncovered areas. Regarding the late loaded implants, three showed alternation between covered and uncovered areas and only one was completely covered with bone. Conclusions. The degree of coverage of the explants with bone tissue was better represented for the immediate loading cases. The degree of mineralization of the bone tissue covering the explants was higher for cases with immediate loading.To confirm the obtained results, it is necessary to expand the study on larger batches of samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate comparatively by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrophotometry (EDS) the physical and chemical homogeneity of some luting materials used for cementation of three types of posts. Materials and method. We selected 12 irretrievable monoradicular teeth extracted in our dental offices. After extraction, all teeth were prepared for cementation with 4 different cements (NANOCORE DUAL, CEMBEST, PANAVIA SA and CEMENT-ONE) of three types of posts: prefabricated titanium post, FibreKleer 4x fiberglass post (Pentron) and post cast from NiCrMo alloy. Afterwards, the samples were embedded in resin and prepared metallographically for examination with the Phenom ProX scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrophotometer with X Rays. Results. SEM studies provide valuable ultrastructural information regarding the degree of filling with luting materials. The four studied cements do not present an inhomogeneous composition in the EDS analysis, not having significantly increased values between the 2 analyzed points for each of the 12 samples taken in the study. Conclusions. Among the four luting materials studied comparatively, PANAVIA SA seems to best fill the existing spaces between posts and the limits of dental preparations, being closely followed by CEMENT-One and CEMBEST. In last place is NANOCORE DUAL, which presents discontinuities in the mass of material and at the border with the preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents experimental data on the impact vaporization of serpentinite. The experiment was carried out on a two-stage light-gas gun at the Institute of Mechanics of the Moscow State University by shooting a copper impactor (~0.5 g) at a speed of ~6 km/s. The vaporized material in the form of a condensate film was analyzed on a scanning electron microscope. The analysis showed that the Mg/Si ratio in the condensate drastically decreased (by ~1.8 times) compared to the initial ratio in the serpentinite target. Thus, it is shown that the evaporation of the impact melt of a silicate target is selective: the vapor is enriched in relatively volatile SiO2, whereas relatively low-volatility MgO is more retained in the residual melt. Our data thus suggest that the shock-explosive bombardment during the accretion of the Earth may have shifted the compositions of rocks at the planet's surface from ultramafic to more acid. An acid trend in rock silicity in the course of accretion is possible if the vaporized matter and/or condensate were accumulated on the surface of the growing planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a uniaxial tensile test, the material properties of Inconel 718 alloy sheet, such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, percentage of elongation, normal anisotropy, planar anisotropy, strain hardening exponent and the strength coefficient were determined in the longitudinal, diagonal, and transverse rolling directions. The main aim of this research is focused on the determination of limiting dome height (LDH) values for Inconel 718 alloy sheet of 1 mm thickness through experiments and finite element analysis using a hemispherical punch method. A limit curve was established through experimentation, which ensures a safe working region for 1 mm thick Inconel 718 sheet at room temperature. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of 100 mm and 120 mm width specimens indicated smooth surfaces and ductile fractures. The examination of 140 mm and 160 mm width specimens showed rough surfaces and shear-ductile failures. In finite element analysis, Barlat-89 yield criterion was used to obtain the limiting dome height (LDH) values and strain distribution in the specimen using ABAQUS6.1. A close relationship with minor deviation was observed between the experimental LDH values and finite element analysis results. The chemical composition of the fractured sheet examined using energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis was similar to the results observed with an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique conducted on the Inconel 718 alloy sheet before failure. The approach presented in this work can be applied to obtain the LDH values of researched material focused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary trend of cost-saving is the primary motive while studying the relative motion between the material surfaces. Therefore, exceptional surface characteristics are the most desirable features for any material. The rapid emerging surface modification phenomena like Friction Stir Processing (FSP) have proved its potential in the surface engineering applications. In this study, Magnesium–Aluminum–Silicon (Mg–Al–Si)-based AS21A magnesium alloy was examined for the wear characterization in respect with the cast and Friction Stir Processed (FSPed) conditions. FSP, performed at an optimized set of parameters, was utilized to attain the surface modification in the investigated material. In the wear study, cast and FSPed conditions of AS21A specimens were examined on Pin-on-disc apparatus with typical load values ranging from 10–40 N. The subsequent investigation involves characterization of worn surfaces through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs, and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS) to understand the accountable wear mechanism. It was found that the FSPed AS21A samples exhibited noteworthy improvement in the wear characteristics at all assessment conditions. FSPed sample showed overall 17% enhancement in the specific wear rate. Also, with an increase in normal load, around 53–55% reduction was observed in the Coefficient of Friction (COF) value. It was established that the morphology of Mg2Si precipitates had an active contribution in the wear behavior of cast and FSPed AS21A samples. The notable mechanisms found responsible for the wear of samples were adhesion, abrasion, oxidation, delamination and plastic deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium oxide (MgO, pure) and zinc added MgO nanoparticles were synthesised by a simple microwave assisted solvothermal method. The concentrations of impurity used in the present work were 0.25 M and 0.50 M. All samples were annealed at 400°C for 1 h to improve the ordering. The prepared pure and zinc added magnesium oxide nanoparticles were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PXRD studies of pure and zinc added MgO nanoparticles showed that all samples belong to crystalline nature with cubic structure. The grain size of all samples were determined from the XRD results and it belongs to nanometre scale. The EDS confirmed the presence of zinc, magnesium and oxide elements in the respective prepared samples. The scanning electron microscope images confirmed that the prepared samples possess nanometer dimensions. The electrical properties such as AC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured at different temperatures in the different frequency range by involving the impedance analyser of all the prepared samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different energy powers versus sandblasting for enhancing the tensile bond strength (TBS) between titanium implant abutments (IAs) and resin cements. Background data: Clinical decementation of prosthetic restorations often occurs, particularly on short IAs. Increasing the bonding area on the IA surface can enhance the function and longevity of the superstructure. Materials and methods: Fifty dental IAs were used in solid form and randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10 each) for the following different pretreatments: control group was left untreated, a laser operating at 2.78 lm wavelength with different energy powers (1, 2, and 3W) was used for three laser groups, and 50 lm alumina particles were applied to the abutment surface for the sandblasting group. Fifty metal substructures that had an occlusal metal O-ring were cast and cemented to all abutments using dual-cure resin cement. Test specimens were then subjected to thermal cycling. TBS tests were performed with a universal testing machine. The specimens' surface topography and roughness were evaluated with scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to measure the elemental profiles of each specimen. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance/Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Surface treatments affected the surface roughness and TBS of the IA. The sandblasting group showed the highest bond strength values (510.77 - 60.86 N) and followed by the 2W group (279.07 - 37.9 N). In EDS analysis, no elemental components other than titanium and oxygen were observed, except for in the sandblasting group. Conclusions: Sandblasting and 2W laser treatment increased the surface roughness of the IA, which could contribute to the increased interfacial bond strength between the IA and resin cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental data on impact vaporization of serpentinite are presented. The experiment was carried out using a two-stage light gas gun with an impact velocity ∼6 km/s. Copper with a mass up to 0.5 g was used as the projectile. Impact-generated vapor in the form of a condensate film was analyzed using a JSM-5610 scanning electron microscope. The analysis showed that the Mg/Si ratio in the condensate decreased sharply (by ∼1.8 times) compared to the initial ratio in the serpentinite target. Thus, it is shown that the evaporation of the impact melt of the silicate target is selective: the vapor is enriched with relatively volatile SiO2, leaving a relatively nonvolatile MgO in the residual melt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a well-known technique for 3D chemical mapping at the nanoscale, with detection sensitivity in the range of ppm or even ppb. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is the standard chemical analysis and imaging technique in modern scanning electron microscopes (SEM), and related dual-beam focussed ion beam (FIBSEM) instruments. Contrary to the use of an electron beam, in the past the ion beam in FIBSEMs has predominantly been used for local milling or deposition of material. Here, we review the emerging FIBSIMS technique which exploits the focused ion beam as an analytical probe, providing the capability to perform secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements on FIBSEM instruments: secondary ions, sputtered by the FIB, are collected and selected according to their mass by a mass spectrometer. In this way a complete 3D chemical analysis with high lateral resolution < 50 nm and a depth resolution < 10 nm is attainable. We first report on the historical developments of both SIMS and FIB techniques and review recent developments in both instruments. We then review the physics of interaction for incident particles using Monte Carlo simulations. Next, the components of modern FIBSIMS instruments, from the primary ion generation in the liquid metal source in the FIB column, the focussing optics, the sputtered ion extraction optics, to the different mass spectrometer types are all detailed. The advantages and disadvantages of parallel and serial mass selection in terms of data acquisition and interpretation are highlighted, while the effects of pressure in the FIBSEM, acceleration voltage, ion take-off angles and charge compensation techniques on the analysis results are then discussed. The capabilities of FIBSIMS in terms of sensitivity, lateral and depth resolution and mass resolution are reviewed. Different data acquisition strategies related to dwell time, binning and beam control strategies as well as roughness and edge effects are discussed. Data analysis routines for mass identification based on isotope ratios and molecular fragments are outlined. Application examples are then presented for the fields of thin films, polycrystalline metals, batteries, cultural heritage materials, isotope labelling, and geological materials. Finally, FIBSIMS is compared to EDS, and the potential of the technique for correlative microscopy with other FIBSEM based imaging techniques is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports the results of the analyses performed on a Roman quadrans dating back to the first century ad, belonging to a group of more than 8.000 coins found in the bed of river Tiber during an archaeological research in 1987–1988. The quadrans was examined by means of X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Energy dispersion spectroscopy analytical results confirmed that the coin is made of pure copper. The compounds present in the patina have been identified through X‐ray diffraction. The spectrum is the overlapping of several peaks, and the results show that the patina substantially consists of malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2, cupric chloride CuCl2, and nantokite CuCl. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy only evidences nantokite because of the different analysis depths of the two techniques. This means that nantokite forms a thin outer layer in the concretion covering the quadrans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we described a detailed analysis of the composition of elements remaining on the amorphous carbon-treated grinding wheel active surface (GWAS) after reciprocal internal cylindrical grinding of Titanium Grade 2 alloy. For this purpose, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) techniques were used. The SEM imaging and observation of selected fragments of active surface of 1-35 × 10 × 10-SG/F46G10VTO grinding wheel was mainly carried out by use of two advanced microscopy systems: JSM-5500LV (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and Auriga (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Jena, Germany). During EDS measurements, the Octane plus (EDAX, Inc., Mahwah, NJ, USA)-a high-accuracy silicon drift detector (SSI) was used. Conducted SEM-EDS analysis shows that applied impregnation method ensure the presence of impregnate in a grinding wheel body, also in subsequent work cycles of tool. Observed Ti cloggings on the GWAS appear solely on dulled vertices of active abrasive grains, which demonstrates the limited impact of the impregnate in the zone of direct contact between abrasive grains and machined workpiece surface. However, lack of extensive cloggings of the intergranular spaces indicating an effective removal of long ductile chips of Ti from grinding zone aided by the introduction of an amorphous carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samples of clean coarse coal particles (0.5–0.25 mm) were used and the flotation process was conducted in the absence of collectors. Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) was used to indicate the elementary composition on coal particle surface as well as particle shape. The attrition process was conducted in a flotation cell with a varied period of stirring process prior to the flotation process. Throughout this paper, it was found that the content of carbon element on coarse coal surface was reduced after attrition whereas the contents of aluminium and silicon elements were increased. A small part of organic matters could release from coarse coal surface by attrition. The attrition process rounded the edges of the coal particles. The flotation performance of coarse coal particles with round corner was worse than that of coal particles with sharp corner. A long period of attrition process could be conducive to obtain a low ash concentrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the influence of technological factors on variations in the stress and strain state during the production of prestressed concrete sleepers. The paper focuses on technological damage to the anchorage zone and its influence on concrete and the pretensioned reinforcement of the last prestressed concrete sleepers located by abutments. The article presents the calculation principles of stresses caused by thermal and humidity deformations, compares theoretical and experimental results and specifies the nature of damages. The paper deals with concrete structure and an interface between reinforcement and concrete of new and three years old prestressed concrete sleepers, explores the results of laboratory tests on deteriorating the ends of new prestressed concrete sleepers under freezing and thawing cycles, looks at changes in concrete structure and the interface between reinforcement and concrete at the ends and in the middle of prestressed concrete sleepers applying a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Secondary ettringite formation (DEF) in concrete micro-cracks and at the interface between reinforcement and concrete and elemental composition of the formed crystals have been determined. Significant difference in concrete structure and new solid phases at the ends of used and new sleepers has been defined. Concrete structure in the middle of the three years old railway sleeper has remained almost unchanged. The obtained results show that technological factors are affecting the deterioration nature of the ends of prestressed concrete sleepers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the influence of urban heat island effect on sulphate attack on concrete, three environments are designed to simulate both sulphate attack underground and crystallisation attack on the ground surface. Experiments last for 1 year and then all specimens are taken out to conduct macro-observations and micro-observations. Results indicate the following: after attack, the micro-structural change of concrete is in accord with the macro-mechanical behaviour; under the influence of urban heat island effect, the visual degradation mainly induced by ettringite is much more serious and the crystallisation attack mainly induced by thenardite crystal is extended to greater range, and therefore the compressive strength is decreased more obviously. The degradation is particularly prominent for C20 concrete, this should be paid more attention, because in China, C20 concrete was often adopted by relatively early building foundation and underground pipeline. This research will provide good basis for further putting forward repair techniques to the attacked concrete material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Checking the performance of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers as well as validation of the results obtained with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) at a scanning electron microscope (SEM) involve the use of (certified) reference and dedicated test materials. This paper gives an overview on the test materials mostly employed by SEM/EDX users and accredited laboratories as well as on those recommended in international standards. The new BAM reference material EDS-CRM, which is currently in the process of certification, is specifically designed for the characterization of EDS systems at a SEM through calibration of the spectrometer efficiency in analytical laboratories in a simple manner. The certification of the spectra by means of a reference EDS is described. The focus is on the traceability of EDS efficiency which is ensured by measurements of the absolute detection efficiency of silicon drift detectors (SDD) and Si(Li) detectors at the laboratory of the PTB using the electron storage ring BESSY II as a primary X-ray source standard. A new test material in development at BAM for testing the performance of an EDS in the energy range below 1 keV is also briefly presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An approach to perform elemental quantitative analysis in a conventional scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer has been developed for non-conductive samples in which the conductive coating should be avoided. Charge accumulation effects, which basically decrease the energy of the primary beam, were taken into account by means of the Duane–Hunt limit. This value represents the maximum energy of the continuum X-ray spectrum, and is related to the effective energy of the incident electron beam. To validate the results obtained by this procedure, a non-conductive sample of known composition was quantified without conductive coating. Complementarily, changes in the X-ray spectrum due to charge accumulation effects were studied by Monte Carlo simulations, comparing relative characteristic intensities as a function of the incident energy. This methodology is exemplified here to obtain the chemical composition of white and reddish archaeological pigments belonging to the Ambato style of “Aguada” culture (Catamarca, Argentina 500–1100 AD). The results obtained in this work show that the quantification procedure taking into account the Duane–Hunt limit is suitable for this kind of samples. This approach may be recommended for the quantification of samples for which coating is not desirable, such as ancient artwork, forensic or archaeological samples, or when the coating element is also present in the sample. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study, cyclic oxidation tests were conducted on C-276 Ni alloy samples both at low (T<1000 °C) and high temperatures (T>1000 °C) in stagnant air environments. After the tests, planar and cross-sectional structural features of the scales as well as the chemical compositions of the metallic and oxide regions were investigated using a scanning electron microscope equipped with a backscattered electron detector and a x-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Results of the point, line and area EDS analyses were used to explain the oxidation behavior of the alloy. Both relatively higher weight gains and volatilization of Molybdenum (Mo) were observed for the samples oxidized at temperatures above 1000 °C. Results suggested that Mo volatilization might be responsible for the scale spallation observed for the samples oxidized at higher temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binder–oxidizer interactions in rocket composite propellants can be improved using adequate bonding agents. In the present work, the effectiveness of different 1,3,5-trisubstituted isocyanurates was determined by stereo and metallographic microscopy and using the software package Image-Pro Plus. The chemical analysis of samples was performed by a scanning electron microscope equipped for energy dispersive spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current epidemic of antibiotic-resistant infections urges to develop alternatives to less-effective antibiotics. To assess anti-bacterial potential, a novel coordinate compound (RU-S4) was synthesized using ruthenium-Schiff base-benzimidazole ligand, where ruthenium chloride was used as the central atom. RU-S4 was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. Antibacterial effect of RU-S4 was studied against Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 8511), vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) (CCM 1767), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ST239: SCCmecIIIA), and hospital isolate Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of RU-S4 was checked by growth curve analysis and the outcome was supported by optical microscopy imaging and fluorescence LIVE/DEAD cell imaging. In vivo (balb/c mice) infection model prepared with VRSA (CCM 1767) and treated with RU-S4. In our experimental conditions, all infected mice were cured. The interaction of coordination compound with bacterial cells were further confirmed by cryo-scanning electron microscope (Cryo-SEM). RU-S4 was completely non-toxic against mammalian cells and in mice and subsequently treated with synthesized RU-S4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The strength variation in different curing conditions is more evident in the high W/C. • With increasing the W/C, the amount of particles is not hydrated and the pores have reduced the strength. • The durability tests showed the best performance in plastic curing and out-air curing conditions. • The microstructure study was also performed with SEM and EDS analysis. Along with the water-to-cement ratio (W/C) as a key factor in the investigation of the properties of the concrete, the conditions and the time of curing also play a very important role on its performance. Therefore, in this research, the effect of different curing conditions such as water curing (wc), plastic curing (pc), out-air curing (oac), room-air curing (rac), wet burlap curing (wbc), out-air-curing compound (oacc) and room-air-curing compound (racc) has been investigated on the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) for three different W/C (0.35, 0.40 and 0.45). For this purpose, in addition to fresh concrete tests, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, capillary water absorption, electrical resistivity tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of surface morphology and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis on the hardened concrete phase were investigated. The results showed that the compressive and splitting tensile strength test had the best outcome in conditions wc, pc, wbc, racc and rac, respectively, at all ages. However, strength at oacc and oac conditions behave differently by changing the W/C and ages. After 56 days, methods pc and wbc, which have the least amount of water absorption at different W/C. In this research, up to 24 h, the lower capillary water absorption test belongs to method pc, wbc, oacc, wc, racc, rac and oac, respectively. According to the results, by decreasing the W/C ratio, the amount of electrical resistance of samples increases and for high W/C ratio the influence of curing methods on this parameter is clearly. The microstructural observations confirm the results described above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the displacement of coal gangue filling material in road construction and microstructural behavior of treated coal gangue by considering the environmental factors of aqueous solutions with different acidity. The displacement analysis of the coal gangue embankment model has been done by means of the finite element method PLAXIS. Furthermore, using the scanning electron microscope, the energy dispersive system, and the Raman spectrometer to analyze the microscopic mechanism in the view of microstructure, elements, the integrity of carbon structure and the stability of chemical bonds of coal gangue. The results show that the larger displacement of the treated coal gangue subgrade is within 4.0 m below the top of the subgrade, and the maximum displacement value is about 7 mm, which is less than the displacement of untreated coal gangue sample. While the treated A-CG and T-CG grain size, surface area and internal friction angle increase, the unstable carbon structure is destroyed, so its shear strength, compression performance, and consolidation effect are improved. S-CG particles are coated with Na-Si-Al gel, which enhances the density, viscosity and shear strength, thus ensuring the stability of the coal gangue subgrade. The treated coal gangue subgrade slope foot displacement, boundary shear stress and safety factor are all meet the specification requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]