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2. Mystery Shopping in Public Transport: The Case of Bus Station Design
- Author
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Voß, Stefan, Mejia, Gonzalo, Voß, Alexander, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Stephanidis, Constantine, editor, Marcus, Aaron, editor, Rosenzweig, Elizabeth, editor, Rau, Pei-Luen Patrick, editor, Moallem, Abbas, editor, and Rauterberg, Matthias, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Analysis of the Stanley’s Controller Performance in the Presence of the Steering Angle Disturbances
- Author
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Skačkauskas, Paulius, Grakovski, Alexander, Mejeras, Gabrielius, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Kabashkin, Igor, editor, Yatskiv, Irina, editor, and Prentkovskis, Olegas, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Dynamic Response of a Wind Farm Consisting of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators to Network Disturbance
- Author
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Ayodele, Temitope Raphael, Jimoh, Abdul-Ganiyu Adisa, Munda, Josiah, Agee, John, Pina, Nuno, editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, editor, and Filipe, Joaquim, editor
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Idea paper: An envelope model of ecological disturbance.
- Subjects
- *
ECOLOGICAL disturbances , *ECOLOGICAL models , *ECOSYSTEMS , *ECOSYSTEM dynamics , *MUSICAL acoustics & physics - Abstract
Disturbance is common in natural ecosystems, but increasingly defines them. While there are many descriptions for the dynamics of an ecosystem's response to disturbance, there are few descriptions for the dynamics of the disturbance itself. I describe a novel application of a model based on the production of amplitude envelopes in acoustics and electronic music synthesis, with varying parameters Attack, Decay, Sustain, and Release (ADSR). I show that varying the parameters of the ADSR model is sufficient to produce and vary the qualitative disturbance regimes described by previous authors, and is capable of producing dynamics not previously considered. I tested the utility of the ADSR model by applying it to a logistic growth model. I found that manipulating the attack and release parameters of the ADSR model changes the population dynamics estimated by these models. This implies that responses to disturbance are determined not only by the resilience and resistance of the ecological system, but also the dynamics of the disturbance itself. My hope is that the ADSR model will prove useful to researchers in either describing disturbances in long‐term ecological data, or in producing disturbances for simulations or experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A Combined Svm Ensemble Algorihm Based on KICA and KFCM
- Author
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Tao, Chen, Zeng-lin, Hong, and Zhang, Wei, editor
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. From ashes to understanding: Opinion papers on fire and a call for papers for a Special Issue in Flora
- Author
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Davi Rodrigo Rossatto, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Hermann Heilmeier, Fernando A. O. Silveira, Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and TU Bergakad Freiberg
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Functional ecology ,Ecology ,Fire regime ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Fire management ,Biodiversity ,Plant Science ,Vegetation ,Disturbance ,Wildfire ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,Fire-prone ,Geography ,Disturbance (ecology) ,Deforestation ,Ecosystem ,Fire-sensitive ,business ,Vegetation fire ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:34:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 In the recent past, wildfires have received much attention both by science and by the media, especially in relation to deforestation, degradation and climate change and when affecting fire-sensitive ecosystems. On the other hand, fire is a natural process in many ecosystems, in particular those to be considered fire-dependent; here, maintaining natural fire regimes is important to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services. In many regions of the world we are still in the need for a better understanding of fire effects on plant populations, communities and ecosystems. For instance, responses of individuals and populations to heat and fire can differ among distinct fire-prone ecosystems, and community level responses often vary depending on historical disturbance regimes or the fire regime as such. Effects on ecosystem processes, e.g. on carbon cycles, can vary greatly in scale and are even more difficult to predict. This adds up to uncertainties regarding appropriate fire management strategies, both in fire-prone and fire-sensitive ecosystems. Here, we introduce a set of opinion papers on fires in Brazil and a forthcoming Virtual Special Issue of Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants on Fire and vegetation, with contributions expected from a broad range of topics related to fire, plants, and vegetation. This special issue will contribute to the development not only of more knowledge on fire effects on plants and vegetation, but also to advances in fire management policies in different ecosystems around the world. The main issue, after all, is to go beyond simple classification of fires as 'good' or 'bad', but rather to develop strategies to deal with changing fire regimes and their effects in a dynamic world increasingly modified by human actions. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Bot, Av Bento Goncalves 9500, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Ctr Ecol Synth & Conservat, Dept Genet Ecol & Evolucao, Av Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Biol, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884000 Jaboticabal, Brazil TU Bergakad Freiberg, Inst Biosci, Leipziger Str 29, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Biol, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884000 Jaboticabal, Brazil
- Published
- 2020
8. Process control of paper web heating on the basis of dynamic programming method
- Subjects
сушка бумажного полотна ,динамическое программирование ,система управления ,возмущения ,оптимальное управление ,УДК 676.056.521.1 ,paper web drying ,dynamic programming ,control system ,disturbance ,optimal control ,сушіння паперового полотна ,динамічне програмування ,система керування ,збурення ,оптимальне керування - Abstract
Запропоновано принцип роботи системи керування процесом прогрівання паперового полотна в сушильній частині папероробної машини на основі методу динамічного програмування. Досліждено роботу системи керування при дії збурень різної величини. Виявлено слабкі сторони даної системи керування та запропоновані шляхи покращення її роботи., Предложен принцип работы системы управления процессом прогревания бумажного полотна в сушильной части бумагоделательной машины на основе метода динамического программирования. Исследовано работу системы управления при воздействии возмущений разной величины. Выявлено слабые стороны данной системы управления и предложены пути улучшения ее работы., This paper deals with the use of dynamic programming method for the creation of optimal process control of paper web heating in the drying part of the paper machine, Results of the synthesized system are given. The main aim of research is to establish the efficiency of dynamic programming method under the influence of various sizes of disturbances on the control object. Using the method of simulation modeling it is conducted experimental researches of developed control system with the implementation of dynamic programming method adapted to this process. The proposed software solution allows effectively control the process of paper web heating in a wide range of disturbances. Dynamic programming method, which was implemented in the work, allows calculating the optimal values of control actions in each drying cylinder, which leads to solving the problem of process control while minimizing control criteria. The proposed solution can be used as part of the overall control process of the paper web drying in the drying part of the paper machine. The results will be used in the future to modify the dynamic programming method to integrate into it elements of prediction of perturbations and real-time correction of control actions.
- Published
- 2015
9. A systematic review of resprouting in woody plants and potential implications for the management of urban plantings.
- Author
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Kenefick, Claire, Livesley, Stephen, and Farrell, Claire
- Subjects
GERMINATION ,WOODY plants ,URBAN plants ,TEMPERATE climate ,PUBLIC spaces ,PLANT maintenance - Abstract
Naturalistic plantings, such as meadow‐style plantings, can improve the quality of urban green spaces through aesthetic, biodiversity and low maintenance features. Species selection for, and maintenance of naturalistic plantings are key to their success. While herbaceous and grassy meadows can be mowed, naturalistic plantings with woody plants require more intense maintenance to remove biomass and promote resprouting. We aim to understand woody plant responses to diverse disturbance regimes to potentially inform the selection and management of woody species in urban plantings. We conducted a quantitative systematic literature review of 72 papers and investigated what main external (climate, disturbance regime) and internal (buds, life stage, storage reserves) factors influence the resprouting response of woody plants. We found resprouting literature is geographically widespread for woody plants, but studies are skewed towards Temperate climates in USA and Australia, with a focus on high severity and high frequency fire disturbance. Resprouting response was mostly defined as a continuous response to disturbance dependent on disturbance regime, climate and plant traits. Maintenance and management of naturalistic woody plantings, through hard pruning techniques such as coppicing, may be informed by analogous high severity and high frequency disturbance studies. However, the literature on woody plant resprouting has several knowledge gaps for lower severity and lower frequency disturbance regimes and in more arid climates. Future research should evaluate the response of naturalistic woody plantings to disturbance in specific urban contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Fish predation and local prey diversity
- Author
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Hixon, Mark A., Balon, Eugene K., editor, Simenstad, Charles A., editor, and Cailliet, Gregor M., editor
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Diversity relations in Cape shrublands and other vegetation in the southeastern Cape, South Africa
- Author
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Cowling, R. M., van der Maarel, Eddy, editor, and Peet, R. K., editor
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Disturbance and vegetation response in relation to environmental gradients in the Great Smoky Mountains
- Author
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Harmon, M. E., Bratton, S. P., White, P. S., van der Maarel, Eddy, editor, and Peet, R. K., editor
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. From ashes to understanding: Opinion papers on fire and a call for papers for a Special Issue in Flora.
- Author
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Overbeck, Gerhard E., Silveira, Fernando A.O., Rossatto, Davi R., and Heilmeier, Hermann
- Subjects
- *
FIRE management , *WILDFIRES , *FIRE ecology , *EFFECT of fires on plants , *BOTANY , *PLANT ecology , *PLANT populations , *CARBON cycle - Abstract
• The 2019 wildfires raised global concern about wildfires, their causes and effects. • Fire has distinct roles in fire-prone and fire-sensitive ecosystems. • In fire-prone ecosystems, we need to overcome taboos regarding the use of fire. • In fire-sensitive systems, strategies to reduce fires are urgent. • Climate-change and increasing human impact change fire regimes. In the recent past, wildfires have received much attention both by science and by the media, especially in relation to deforestation, degradation and climate change and when affecting fire-sensitive ecosystems. On the other hand, fire is a natural process in many ecosystems, in particular those to be considered fire-dependent; here, maintaining natural fire regimes is important to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services. In many regions of the world we are still in the need for a better understanding of fire effects on plant populations, communities and ecosystems. For instance, responses of individuals and populations to heat and fire can differ among distinct fire-prone ecosystems, and community level responses often vary depending on historical disturbance regimes or the fire regime as such. Effects on ecosystem processes, e.g. on carbon cycles, can vary greatly in scale and are even more difficult to predict. This adds up to uncertainties regarding appropriate fire management strategies, both in fire-prone and fire-sensitive ecosystems. Here, we introduce a set of opinion papers on fires in Brazil and a forthcoming Virtual Special Issue of Flora – Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants on "Fire and vegetation", with contributions expected from a broad range of topics related to fire, plants, and vegetation. This special issue will contribute to the development not only of more knowledge on fire effects on plants and vegetation, but also to advances in fire management policies in different ecosystems around the world. The main issue, after all, is to go beyond simple classification of fires as 'good' or 'bad', but rather to develop strategies to deal with changing fire regimes and their effects in a dynamic world increasingly modified by human actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. RESEARCH PAPER Changes in rain forest butterfly diversity following major ENSO-induced fires in Borneo.
- Author
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Cleary, Daniel F.R. and Genner, Martin J.
- Subjects
- *
BUTTERFLIES , *RAIN forests , *LIFE zones , *BIOGEOGRAPHY , *ECOLOGY - Abstract
Throughout South-East Asia, droughts associated with ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) events have resulted in large-scale fires affecting millions of hectares of rain forest. However, the long-term impacts of these fires on the rain forest faunas are only poorly understood. Our aim was to study the recovery of rain forest butterfly assemblages following the 1997–98 ENSO event, which resulted in the largest-scale fires in the recorded history of the region. A 420-km2 area in the Balikpapan-Samarinda region of East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. Four landscapes were assessed after the 1997–98 ENSO event, including one landscape that was assessed prior to the event. Comparisons of species richness, species composition and guild abundance were made among landscapes and years. The relative importance of environment, geographical distance between sampling sites, and time between sampling years was quantified during the succession phase using a variance partitioning technique. The fires dramatically altered the butterfly community and resulted in a major decline in observed species richness within the landscape surveyed prior to the ENSO event. Following fires in 1998, butterfly assemblages in all landscapes were dominated by large-winged generalist species. During 1999 and 2000, assemblages became increasingly dominated by smaller specialist species. Species endemic to Borneo that were present before fires were absent in 2000, despite intensive sampling over enhanced spatial and environmental scales. Community similarity was significantly dependent upon local environmental variables, geographical distance between sampling sites, and time between sampling years. Together, these explained over 52% of the observed variation in samples. The importance of geographical distance between sampling sites indicates that recovery was dependent upon colonization from proximate habitats. Despite an apparent trend of return to pre-ENSO community structure, low species richness throughout the survey area indicates that full recovery had not taken place by 2000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Robust Cruise Control for Large-scale System of High-speed Train With Parameter Uncertainties and Time-varying Delay.
- Author
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Wang, Tao, Liao, Jiaping, and Li, Jikun
- Abstract
This paper investigates the problem of speed cruise control in high-speed trains, which are modeled as large-scale systems with each car considered as an independent subsystem. Decoupled H ∞ controllers are employed for each car. To address parameter uncertainties and time-varying delays, a comprehensive analysis of the robustness and time-delay stability of the large-scale system was conducted, which led to the design of decoupled controllers. Simulations and comparative analyses were conducted to validate the correctness of the control algorithm and demonstrate the feasibility of controlling high-speed trains as large-scale time-delay systems. This study has yielded theoretical results in large-scale system control, successfully applying results to high-speed train control. The idea and method offer new perspectives and lay the foundation for addressing more complex issues in high-speed trains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. A Disturbance-Driven Textual Model for Train Running Time Prediction on High-Speed Railways.
- Author
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Pang, Zishuai, Wang, Liwen, Schonfeld, Paul M., Liu, Jie, Peng, Qiyuan, and Li, Li
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,STANDARD deviations ,TRANSFORMER models ,TIME perspective - Abstract
Accurately predicting train running times (TRTs) during disturbances is crucial for effective timetable rescheduling. Previous studies on train running prediction have overlooked the detailed textual description of disturbance events. To improve the prediction accuracy, this paper proposes a hybrid neural network model consisting of a transformer encoder and a fully connected neural network (FCNN) to predict the TRTs under disturbances, which is called transformer-FCNN here. In the proposed transformer-FCNN architecture, a transformer encoder is used to process textual disturbance events, while FCNN is used to deal with static features. The performance of transformer-FCNN is validated using data from the Wuhan-Guangzhou and Xiamen-Shenzhen high-speed railways. The results show that the models considering the disturbance category can substantially improve the predictive performance compared with those that do not. Further, based on the same algorithm, models which use textual disturbance event records are shown to reduce the mean absolute error and the root mean squared error, respectively, by over 10.8% and 8.3% on average compared with those that only consider the disturbance category. The proposed model can support potential strategies of train operation control, by providing accurate prediction results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Moderate Disturbance Has Similar Effects on Production Regardless of Site Quality and Composition.
- Author
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Sagara, Benjamin T., Fahey, Robert T., Vogel, Christoph S., Fotis, Alexander T., Curtis, Peter S., and Gough, Christopher M.
- Subjects
FOREST canopies ,PATHOGENIC bacteria ,FOREST productivity ,POPULUS grandidentata ,PAPER birch - Abstract
Moderate severity disturbances, which only kill a subset of canopy trees (e.g., via insects, pathogens, and windthrow), are increasingly widespread in North America, and can alter forest structure and production. Whether the net primary production (NPP) of forest stands differing in pre-disturbance site quality and composition respond similarly to moderate severity disturbance, however, is unknown, but critical to understanding the disturbance response dynamics of patchy landscapes. We experimentally disturbed three, 2-ha stands varying in pre-disturbance primary production and community composition, temporarily reducing live stand basal area by 38% to 66% through the stem girdling of all mature early successional aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus grandidentata Michx.) and birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall). Disturbance significantly altered stand-scale physical and biological structure and prompted a similar decade-long pattern of wood NPP decline and recovery. All stands exhibited an initial reduction in wood NPP, followed by a recovery period and eventual return to pre-disturbance levels within eight years, with the most productive stand exhibiting an increase in primary production following recovery. Following wood NPP recovery, more biologically diverse forest canopies with higher leaf area indexes intercepted more light, and, consequently, had higher rates of wood NPP.We conclude that, despite substantial pre-disturbance differences in productivity and community composition, relative wood NPP recovery patterns can be similar, though long-term post-recovery primary production may trend higher in more productive and compositionally diverse stands. We suggest that improved mechanistic understanding of different forest ecosystems' responses to disturbances remains critical to informing management decisions across diverse landscape mosaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Advanced UAV system utilization of LQR and ESC techniques for flight control
- Author
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Baran, Haci, Bayezit, Ismail, and Jambak, Ahmad Irham
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Impact of wind turbines on birds in Zeebrugge (Belgium)
- Author
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Everaert, Joris, Stienen, Eric W. M., Hawksworth, David L., editor, and Bull, Alan T., editor
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Berger–Parker index as an effective tool for monitoring the biodiversity of disturbed soils: a case study on Mediterranean oribatid (Acari: Oribatida) assemblages
- Author
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Caruso, Tancredi, Pigino, Gaia, Bernini, Fabio, Bargagli, Roberto, Migliorini, Massimo, Hawksworth, David L., editor, and Bull, Alan T., editor
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Environmental heterogeneity and disturbance by humans control much of the tree species diversity of Atlantic montane forest fragments in SE Brazil
- Author
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Pereira, José Aldo A., Oliveira-Filho, Ary T., Lemos-Filho, José P., Hawksworth, David L., editor, and Bull, Alan T., editor
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Impacts of El Niño related drought and forest fires on sun bear fruit resources in lowland dipterocarp forest of East Borneo
- Author
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Fredriksson, G. M., Danielsen, L. S., Swenson, J. E., Hawksworth, David L., editor, and Bull, Alan T., editor
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Industrial barrens: extreme habitats created by non-ferrous metallurgy
- Author
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Kozlov, M. V., Zvereva, E. L., Amils, Ricardo, editor, Ellis-Evans, Cynan, editor, and Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut, editor
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Right Coprime Factorization-Based Simultaneous Control of Input Hysteresis and Output Disturbance and Its Application to Soft Robotic Finger.
- Author
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An, Zizhen, Deng, Mingcong, and Morohoshi, Yuuki
- Subjects
SOFT robotics ,ROBOT hands ,NONLINEAR systems ,SYSTEMS design ,FACTORIZATION ,SIMULATION methods & models ,HYSTERESIS - Abstract
In a nonlinear control system, hysteresis exists usually as common characteristics. In addition, external output disturbances like modelling error, machine friction and so on also occur frequently. Both of them are considered to cause instability and unsatisfactory performance. In this paper, a practical nonlinear control system design is proposed so as to achieve the simultaneous control of input hysteresis and output disturbance. The system is based on RCF (right coprime factorization theory). Additionally, the proposed design has been applied to a soft robotic finger system and the results of simulations and practical experiments are exhibited, which show the effectiveness of the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Scaling approaches and macroecology provide a foundation for assessing ecological resilience in the Anthropocene.
- Author
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Enquist, Brian J., Erwin, Doug, Savage, Van, and Marquet, Pablo A.
- Subjects
ECOLOGICAL resilience ,MACROECOLOGY ,SYMMETRY (Biology) ,ECOLOGICAL disturbances ,ECOSYSTEMS ,BIODIVERSITY ,BIOSPHERE - Abstract
In the Anthropocene, intensifying ecological disturbances pose significant challenges to our predictive capabilities for ecosystem responses. Macroecology—which focuses on emergent statistical patterns in ecological systems—unveils consistent regularities in the organization of biodiversity and ecosystems. These regularities appear in terms of abundance, body size, geographical range, species interaction networks, or the flux of matter and energy. This paper argues for moving beyond qualitative resilience metaphors, such as the 'ball and cup', towards a more quantitative macroecological framework. We suggest a conceptual and theoretical basis for ecological resilience that integrates macroecology with a stochastic diffusion approximation constrained by principles of biological symmetry. This approach provides an alternative novel framework for studying ecological resilience in the Anthropocene. We demonstrate how our framework can effectively quantify the impacts of major disturbances and their extensive ecological ramifications. We further show how biological scaling insights can help quantify the consequences of major disturbances, emphasizing their cascading ecological impacts. The nature of these impacts prompts a re-evaluation of our understanding of resilience. Emphasis on regularities of ecological assemblages can help illuminate resilience dynamics and offer a novel basis to predict and manage the impacts of disturbance in the Anthropocene more efficiently. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Optimal energy compensation for disturbed systems with time-varying delays
- Author
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Souhaile, Salma and Afifi, Larbi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Effects of Supraharmonic Distortion in MV and LV AC Grids.
- Author
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Mariscotti, Andrea and Mingotti, Alessandro
- Subjects
CARRIER transmission on electric lines ,ELECTRIC faults ,ELECTRONIC equipment ,ELECTRON tube grids ,DIELECTRIC materials ,DETERIORATION of materials - Abstract
Since the integration of electronic devices and intelligent electronic devices into the power grid, power quality (PQ) has consistently remained a significant concern for system operators and experts. Maintaining high standards of power quality is crucial to preventing malfunctions and faults in electric assets and connected loads. Recently, PQ studies have shifted their focus to a specific frequency range, previously not considered problematic—the supraharmonic 2 kHz to 150 kHz range. This range is not populated by easily recognizable harmonic components of the 50 Hz to 60 Hz mains fundamental, but by a combination of intentional emissions, switching non-linearities and byproducts, and various types of resonances. This paper aims to provide a detailed analysis of the impact of supraharmonics (SHs) on power network operation and assets, focusing on the most relevant documented negative effects, namely power loss and the heating of grid elements, aging of dielectric materials, failure of medium voltage (MV) cable terminations, and interference with equipment and power line communication (PLC) technology in particular. Under some shareable assumptions, limits are derived and compared to existing ones for harmonic phenomena, providing a clear identification of the primary issues associated with supraharmonics and suggestions for the standardization process. Strictly related is the problem of grid monitoring and assessment of SH distortion, discussing the suitability of normative requirements for instrument transformers (ITs) with a specific focus on their accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Damping characteristics improvement of permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension by utilizing the end-effect of onboard magnets.
- Author
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Liu, Junzhi, Cao, Ting, Deng, Zigang, Shi, Hongfu, Liang, Le, Wu, Xuejie, and Jiang, Siqi
- Subjects
PERMANENT magnets ,ELECTROMAGNETIC fields ,ELECTROMAGNETIC forces ,MAGNETIC flux leakage ,FINITE element method - Abstract
The permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension (PMEDS) owns the promising application prospect, due to its simple structure, low cost and reliable load capacity. However, the underdamping of the PMEDS system is still a challenge in engineering applications of transportation. This paper proposes a passive damping method and its implementation structure to improve the underdamping characteristics. This method utilizes the inherent magnetic leakage of on-board magnets technically. The principle of passive damping and its implementation structure is introduced in detail. And the kinetic models of ordinary and improved structure are established based on the topology graph. Besides, the magnetic field and the electromagnetic force involved in the kinetic models are analyzed, and the numerical analysis method of the drag force is verified by the high-speed test rig. Furthermore, the performance of passive damping is verified by finite element method (FEM) and the time-domain response analysis. The results show that the improved damping structure can effectively suppress vibration and improve the dynamic stability of the PMEDS system. It is beneficial to the engineering application of the PMEDS in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Practical Exponential Stability of Two Dimensional Nonlinear Switched Positive Systems in the Roesser Model.
- Author
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Zhang, Jie and Sun, Yuangong
- Abstract
This paper deals with the practical exponential stability of two-dimensional (2-D) nonlinear switched positive systems with impulse, disturbance and all modes unstable. Under the mode-dependent interval dwell time switching, new criteria such that 2-D nonlinear switched positive systems achieve practical exponential stability are derived. Furthermore, the explicit upper bound and convergence rate of the system state are estimated explicitly. Numerical examples indicate the correctness and effectiveness of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Comparative Cost Functions Analysis in the Construction of a Reference Angular Motion Implemented by Magnetorquers.
- Author
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Okhitina, Anna, Tkachev, Stepan, and Roldugin, Dmitry
- Subjects
COST functions ,COST analysis ,ISOSTASY ,GEOMAGNETISM ,ELECTROMAGNETS ,PARTICLE swarm optimization ,SWARM intelligence ,ORBITS of artificial satellites - Abstract
This paper considers a construction procedure of a satellite reference angular motion in the vicinity of an unstable gravitational equilibrium position. The satellite is stabilized on the reference trajectory by the magnetic coils. The problem is solved in several stages. An optimization problem to be solved by the particle swarm optimization method is formulated at each stage. Cost functions are based on the linearized model analysis. The main stage is the construction of a special reference motion, which provides the minimum control torque projection on the geomagnetic induction vector. Optimal geomagnetic field dipole approximation for a given time interval is considered to reduce tracking errors. The paper compares combinations of different cost functions in terms of the terminal attitude accuracy in the presence of perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Sleep deprivation increases threat beliefs in human fear conditioning
- Author
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Bert Lenaert, Yannick Boddez, Tom Beckers, Ann-Kathrin Zenses, Philippe Peigneux, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, RS: FPN NPPP I, and Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology
- Subjects
Male ,Conditioning, Classical ,Social Sciences ,Audiology ,associative learning ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sleep Loss and Sleep Deprivation ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Fear conditioning ,Regular Research Paper ,Neuropsychologie ,DISTURBANCE ,generalization ,CONSOLIDATION ,Fear ,General Medicine ,sleep quality ,OVERGENERALIZATION ,Psychopathologie ,Anxiety ,Female ,SHAPE ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Stimulus generalization ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,ANXIETY DISORDERS ,Stimulus (physiology) ,safety learning ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,Imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle ,STIMULUS-GENERALIZATION ,Neurosciences cognitives ,Classical conditioning ,Sciences biomédicales ,Associative learning ,MODEL ,Sleep deprivation ,030228 respiratory system ,Sleep Deprivation ,Conditioning ,Psychologie cognitive ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Sleep disturbances and anxiety disorders exhibit high comorbidity levels, but it remains unclear whether sleep problems are causes or consequences of increased anxiety. To experimentally probe the aetiological role of sleep disturbances in anxiety, we investigated in healthy participants how total sleep deprivation influences fear expression in a conditioning paradigm. In a fear conditioning procedure, one face stimulus (conditioned stimulus [CS+]) was paired with electric shock, whereas another face stimulus was not (unpaired stimulus [CS−]). Fear expression was tested the next morning using the two face stimuli from the training phase and a generalization stimulus (i.e. a morph between the CS+ and CS− stimuli). Between fear conditioning and test, participants were either kept awake in the laboratory for 12 hr (n = 20) or had a night of sleep at home (n = 20). Irrespective of stimulus type, subjective threat expectancies, but not skin conductance responses, were enhanced after sleep deprivation, relative to regular sleep. These results suggest that sleep disturbances may play a role in anxiety disorders by increasing perceived threat., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2020
32. Robustness of mainstream anammox activity at bench and pilot scale
- Author
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Eberhard Morgenroth, Damian Hausherr, Adriano Joss, and Robert Niederdorfer
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Nitrogen ,Sequencing batch reactor ,Wastewater ,Water Purification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bioreactors ,Nitrate ,Anammox activity ,Ammonium Compounds ,Environmental Chemistry ,Anaerobiosis ,Nitrite ,Mainstream anammox ,Robustness ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,Nitrites ,Pilot ,Disturbance ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,chemistry ,Anammox ,Environmental science ,Sewage treatment ,Aeration ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
New technologies and processes, such as mainstream anammox, aim to reduce energy requirements of wastewater treatment and improve effluent quality. However, in municipal wastewater (MWW) anammox system are often unstable due to process control disturbance, influent variability, or unwanted nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). This study examines the anammox system by focusing on anammox activity and its robustness in a mainstream environment. An 8 m3 pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) receiving pretreated MWW (with external nitrite addition) was seeded with pre-colonized carriers. Within six months at 12–20 °C an anammox activity of 200 gN·m−3·d−1 was achieved. After the startup an anammox activity of 260 ± 83 gN·m−3·d−1 was maintained over 450 days. The robustness of the anammox activity was analyzed through three disturbance experiments. Anammox biofilm on carriers were exposed to dissolved oxygen (DO = 1.6 mg·L−1, intermittent aeration), organic loading rate (OLR, C/N increased from 2:1 to 5:1) and temperature disturbances (20 °C to 12 °C) in triplicate 12 L bench scale reactors. The anammox activity and microbial community was monitored during these disturbances. The DO and OLR disturbance experiments were replicated at pilot scale to investigate upscaling effects. Bench and pilot scale anammox activity were unaffected by the DO disturbance. Similarly, an increase in OLR did not deteriorate the bench and pilot scale anammox activity, if nitrate was available. When, at bench scale, the reactor temperature was reduced from 20 °C to 12 °C overnight, anammox activity decreased significantly, this was not the case for the slow seasonal temperature changes (12–25 °C) at pilot scale where no strong temperature dependency was detected in winter. Metagenomic analysis revealed a broad range of Brocadiaceae species with no single dominant anammox species. Anammox thrive under mainstream conditions and can withstand typical process disruptions., Science of The Total Environment, 796, ISSN:0048-9697, ISSN:1879-1026
- Published
- 2021
33. Prediction Error Applied to Hybrid Electric Vehicle Optimal Fuel Economy.
- Author
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Asher, Zachary D., Baker, David A., and Bradley, Thomas H.
- Subjects
HYBRID electric vehicles ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Fuel economy (FE) improvements for hybrid electric vehicles using a predictive Optimal Energy Management Strategy (Optimal EMS) is an active subject of research. Recent developments have focused on real-time prediction-based control strategies despite the lack of research demonstrating the aspects of prediction that are most important for FE improvements. In this paper, driving-derived nonstochastic prediction errors are applied to a globally optimal control strategy implemented on a validated model of a 2010 Toyota Prius, and the FE results are reported for each type of prediction error. This paper first outlines the real-world drive cycle development, then the baseline model development that simulates a 2010 Toyota Prius, followed by an implementation of dynamic programming (DP) to derive the globally optimal control, and finally the use of the DP solution to evaluate prediction errors. FE comparisons are reported for perfect prediction, prediction errors from 14 alternate drive cycles, and prediction errors from 6 alternate vehicle parameters. The results show that FE improvements from the Optimal EMS are maintained under mispredicted stops, traffic, and vehicle parameters, while route changes and compounded drive cycle mispredictions may result in FE improvements being lost. Taken together, these results demonstrate that implementation of an Optimal EMS can result in a reliable FE improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Fire History and Long-Term Carbon Accumulation in Hemi-boreal Peatlands
- Author
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Uhelski, Dominic M., Kane, Evan S., Heckman, Katherine A., and Chimner, Rodney A.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. الرواة الذين وصفهم الحافظ العُقيلي في كتابه (الضعفاء الكبير) بالاضطراب نماذج تطبيقية.
- Author
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محمد فرحان جمعة and خلدون نوري إسماع
- Subjects
REFERENCE sources ,NARRATORS ,MODERATION ,CRITICS ,PROTOTYPES - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Al-Anbar University for Islamic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. POWER QUALITY. PAST AND FUTURE.
- Author
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GHEORGHE, Stefan and GOLOVANOV, Nicolae
- Abstract
Copyright of EMERG: Energy. Environment. Efficiency. Resources. Globalization is the property of Romanian National Committee of World Energy Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
37. Fine‐scale interplay between decline and growth determines the spatial recovery of coral communities within a reef.
- Author
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Vercelloni, Julie, Roelfsema, Chris, Kovacs, Eva M., González‐Rivero, Manuel, Moores, Matthew T., Logan, Murray, and Mengersen, Kerrie
- Subjects
CORALS ,CORAL communities ,CORAL reefs & islands ,REEFS ,CORAL declines ,STATISTICAL models - Abstract
As coral reefs endure increasing levels of disturbance, understanding recovery patterns of reef‐building hard corals is paramount to assessing the sustainability of these ecosystems. At local scales, coral recovery slows down; however, it's unclear how this trend propagates across spatial scales due to the inherent complexity of coral dynamics. In this paper, we aimed to learn about fine scale heterogeneity of coral dynamics and explore implications for assessing coral recovery at larger spatial scales. We developed a spatio‐temporal statistical model to estimate long‐term trajectories of three types of corals and predict their recovery patterns at unobserved locations within a reef. Then, model predictions were used to derive metrics that capture the interplay between coral growth and decline from disturbance(s) across time, space and growth morphology. This model is developed in the context of a substantive case study at Heron Reef using a high spatio‐temporal resolution dataset. Our results revealed that successful coral community recoveries took place in different habitats of Heron Reef and associated with various reasons. Branching corals recovered in the southern slope, due to fast growth in locations that were previously abundant. Plate corals flourished in the northern slope due to fast growth, despite a large decline and low baseline cover. They also recovered in the southern slope but in this case there was both a low decline and baseline cover. At Heron Reef, the recovery of coral communities followed specific conditions that were acting at a fine scale in a complex and heterogeneous way within habitat. This implies that capturing the variability of fine‐scale coral dynamics is an important first step to detect accurate signals of coral recovery at larger spatial scales. The approach proposes here can be further extend to the scale of a reef and beyond enabling assessment of recovery patterns representative at management scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Geometric Attitude Fault-Tolerant Control of Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Adaptive Extended State Observers.
- Author
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Wang, Liping, Pei, Hailong, and Cheng, Zihuan
- Subjects
FAULT-tolerant control systems ,ARTIFICIAL satellite attitude control systems ,DRONE aircraft - Abstract
This paper is concerned with the attitude tracking problem of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with respect to endogenous uncertainties, exogenous disturbances and actuator failures. Two different control methods are proposed to solve this problem. First, an adaptive extended state observer (AESO)-based control framework is devised to tackle the difficulties caused by model uncertainties and external disturbances. A fault-tolerant control method is proposed to cope with the occurrence of actuator failure, which is modeled as a constant loss of effectiveness. Another method employs AESOs to compensate for lumped disturbances, which include endogenous uncertainties, exogenous disturbances and actuator failures. Then, the error can exponentially converge to a bounded set. Finally, simulations are performed to ensure the feasibility of the designed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Robust model predictive control for a class of disturbed systems.
- Author
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RĂDULESCU, Iulia-Cristina
- Subjects
PREDICTION models ,UNCERTAIN systems ,LINEAR matrix inequalities ,LYAPUNOV functions ,ROBUST optimization ,MATRIX inequalities ,SCHUR complement ,ADAPTIVE control systems - Abstract
Copyright of Romanian Journal of Information Technology & Automatic Control / Revista Română de Informatică și Automatică is the property of National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics - ICI Bucharest and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Model and Algorithm for a Rotor-Bearing System Considering Journal Misalignment.
- Author
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Zhao, Zhiming, Ma, Junjie, Liu, Qi, and Yang, Peiji
- Subjects
FLUID pressure ,JOURNAL bearings ,REYNOLDS equations ,ALGORITHMS ,ANGLES ,ORBITS (Astronomy) - Abstract
Disturbances caused as a result of the misalignment and axial motion of the journal affect the characteristics of the rotor-bearing system. This paper aims to propose an algorithm for the theoretical analysis of a rotor-bearing system that considers these disturbances. A theoretical model for a journal bearing considering disturbances is given. The dynamic equations for a rigid rotor-bearing system are introduced. A detailed algorithm that can simultaneously solve the rotor-dynamic equations and the Reynolds equation is proposed. The static performance, such as the bearing attitude angle and the fluid film pressure, are given, and dynamic characteristics such as the nonlinear dynamic responses and the axial orbits of a rigid rotor-bearing system are presented. The hydrodynamic effect of the bearing is enhanced by the axial disturbance. Disturbances in the circumferential and radial directions lead to variations in the fluid film thickness distribution in the axial direction and the offset of the fluid film pressure distribution in the axial direction. When these disturbances work together, the variation trend is more obvious and affects the capacity and dynamic characteristics of the bearing. When the L/D value of the bearing increases, the clearance between the journal and the bearing decreases rapidly. When the value reaches a certain limit, contact and collision might occur. The theoretical analysis method and the algorithm proposed for a rotor-bearing system considering several disturbances could enhance the design level for a bearing and rotor-bearing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Kafta-Sheraro National Park in Northwest Ethiopia: Exceptional Resource Values, Principal Ecosystem Components and Human-induced Threats.
- Author
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Asefa, Addisu, Gizaw, Gebremeskel, Atsibah, Teshale, Almaw, Rezenom, Getahun, Abiy, Tekletsadik, Shimelis, and Welay, Kinfe
- Subjects
NATIONAL parks & reserves ,WILDLIFE conservation ,ANIMAL populations ,ECOSYSTEMS ,AFRICAN elephant ,KEYSTONE species ,CRANES (Birds) - Abstract
Globally, protected areas such as national parks are mainly established to protect the rapidly declining populations of conservation concern wildlife species, as well as ecologically and economically important areas. In addition, more recently, establishing and maintaining protected areas has become an essential part of the global response of governments to combat climate change and its impacts. However, most of these protected areas are facing an unprecedented rate of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation due to human-induced actions. Mitigation of threats and their impacts on biodiversity in these protected areas is very critical. But limited information, needed to develop strategies for mitigation of the ever-growing threats, is available on the biophysical resources and threats to them. This paper presents for the first time, detailed information on the Exceptional Resource Values (ERVs), Principal Ecosystem Components (PECs; or conservation targets), and human-induced threats in the Kafta-Sheraro National Park (KSNP). Standard ecological and social science methods were used to collect and analyze the data. Overall, 14 key ERVs were identified in the park, including several conservation concerns and/or flagship mammal species (e.g. African Elephant (Loxodonta africana)), biome-restricted and migratory bird species (e.g., Demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo)), three distinct habitat types, and a hydrological system. Six PECs that were assumed to represent the whole ecosystem components of the park were identified in KSNP: the three habitat types, hydrological system, Elephant, and Roan antelope (Hippotragus equines). The top human-induced threats to these PECs appeared to be fire, cultivation, grazing, settlement, poaching, and mining. In general, KSNP contains outstanding biodiversity and other natural resources that could play a vital role in the socio-economic development of local and regional communities. To ensure the long-term persistence of the ERVs and PECs and the appropriate functioning of the park ecosystems the development and implementation of threat mitigation strategies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. H∞ cruise control for high-speed trains with process and data transmission time-varying delay.
- Author
-
Zhang, Xiuxiu and Cui, Yanliang
- Subjects
- *
CRUISE control , *REAL-time computing , *STATE feedback (Feedback control systems) , *DATA transmission systems , *LINEAR matrix inequalities , *ROLLING friction - Abstract
This paper investigates an H ∞ cruise control strategy for uncertain high-speed trains (HSTs) with two time-varying delays. The multibody model of the cascading car is established, taking into account the influence of the flexible coupler and the basic resistance (rolling mechanical resistance + aerodynamic resistance) in the actual operation process. There are many uncertainties in the actual operation of the train, such as disturbances caused by gusts and track irregularities and time-varying delays caused by flexible couplers. Based on the above factors, this paper fully considers and supplements the multibody model. A cruise control strategy based on Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) is proposed. The state feedback control rate with input short time delay is designed, and a cruise control method with double time-varying delays is proposed by sampling data. Constructed Lyapunov–Krasovskii function (LKF) with time-delay parameters for time-delay systems to fully introduce the information of time delays. In view of the disturbance effect, the sufficient condition to suppress the disturbance is given. The proposed H ∞ cruise control method controls the fluctuating speed and displacement of the train to quickly converge to the steady state. The HST at equilibrium tracks the desired velocity and ensures a stable relative displacement. The specified H ∞ interference attenuation level is achieved to ensure safe and comfortable operation. Two numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the effect of state time-varying delay and disturbance on train stationarity, which proves the superiority of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Design of an adaptive terminal slidingmode to control the PMSM chaos phenomenon.
- Author
-
Karimi, Abolfazl, Akbari, Hamidreza, Mousavi, Somaye, and Beheshtipour, Zohre
- Subjects
CLOSED loop systems ,CHAOS theory ,NONLINEAR oscillators - Abstract
This paper schemes a new nonlinear method for controlling and suppressing of chaos instability in the PMSM. First, a nonlinear model of PMSM is considered that is able to describe the dynamic behaviour of the PMSM in different functional conditions, including the occurrence of chaos. As an integral part of most physical systems, disturbance with an unknown upper limit is considered in the design of the control scheme. Parametric uncertainty is also included in the PMSM system model and a new control technique is presented based on robust adaptive and sliding mode approaches to prevent chaos. In the proposed method, adaptive technique is used to estimate the upper bound of uncertain terms, disturbances and nonlinear terms, and the robust sliding mode scheme is designed to stabilize the closed-loop PMSM system in contradiction of chaos. Using comparisons, the efficiency of the proposed method is shown in different working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Watershed Responses to Climate Change-Driven Disturbances in Temperate Montane Ecosystems of the Western United States
- Author
-
Rock, Linnea A., Shoup, Bryce, Ajowele, Joshua A., Brédoire, Félix, Oleksy, Isabella A., Tetrick, Matthew, Williams, David G., and Collins, Sarah M.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Practical Exponential Stability of Positive Switched Linear System and Its Application in Practical Consensus of Multi-agent System
- Author
-
Ju, Yanhao, Meng, Fanwei, and Sun, Yuangong
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Defining Extreme Events: A Cross‐Disciplinary Review.
- Author
-
McPhillips, Lauren E., Chang, Heejun, Chester, Mikhail V., Depietri, Yaella, Friedman, Erin, Grimm, Nancy B., Kominoski, John S., McPhearson, Timon, Méndez‐Lázaro, Pablo, Rosi, Emma J., and Shafiei Shiva, Javad
- Subjects
URBANIZATION ,CLIMATE change ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) - Abstract
Abstract: Extreme events are of interest worldwide given their potential for substantial impacts on social, ecological, and technical systems. Many climate‐related extreme events are increasing in frequency and/or magnitude due to anthropogenic climate change, and there is increased potential for impacts due to the location of urbanization and the expansion of urban centers and infrastructures. Many disciplines are engaged in research and management of these events. However, a lack of coherence exists in what constitutes and defines an extreme event across these fields, which impedes our ability to holistically understand and manage these events. Here, we review 10 years of academic literature and use text analysis to elucidate how six major disciplines—climatology, earth sciences, ecology, engineering, hydrology, and social sciences—define and communicate extreme events. Our results highlight critical disciplinary differences in the language used to communicate extreme events. Additionally, we found a wide range in definitions and thresholds, with more than half of examined papers not providing an explicit definition, and disagreement over whether impacts are included in the definition. We urge distinction between extreme events and their impacts, so that we can better assess when responses to extreme events have actually enhanced resilience. Additionally, we suggest that all researchers and managers of extreme events be more explicit in their definition of such events as well as be more cognizant of how they are communicating extreme events. We believe clearer and more consistent definitions and communication can support transdisciplinary understanding and management of extreme events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. What is unmanaged forest and how does it sustain biodiversity in landscapes with a long history of intensive forestry?
- Author
-
Bruun, Hans Henrik and Heilmann‐Clausen, Jacob
- Subjects
FOREST biodiversity ,FOREST restoration ,FORESTS & forestry ,FOREST management ,FOREST conservation ,TEMPERATE forests - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Applied Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Multiple resiliency metrics reveal complementary drivers of ecosystem persistence: An application to kelp forest systems.
- Author
-
Arroyo‐Esquivel, Jorge, Adams, Riley, Gravem, Sarah, Whippo, Ross, Randell, Zachary, Hodin, Jason, Galloway, Aaron W. E., Gaylord, Brian, and Baskett, Marissa L.
- Abstract
Human‐caused global change produces biotic and abiotic conditions that increase the uncertainty and risk of failure of restoration efforts. A focus of managing for resiliency, that is, the ability of the system to respond to disturbance, has the potential to reduce this uncertainty and risk. However, identifying what drives resiliency might depend on how one measures it. An example of a system where identifying how the drivers of different aspects of resiliency can inform restoration under climate change is the northern coast of California, where kelp experienced a decline in coverage of over 95% due to the combination of an intense marine heat wave and the functional extinction of the primary predator of the kelp‐grazing purple sea urchin, the sunflower sea star. Although restoration efforts focused on urchin removal and kelp reintroduction in this system are ongoing, the question of how to increase the resiliency of this system to future marine heat waves remains open. In this paper, we introduce a dynamical model that describes a tritrophic food chain of kelp, purple urchins, and a purple urchin predator such as the sunflower sea star. We run a global sensitivity analysis of three different resiliency metrics (recovery likelihood, recovery rate, and resistance to disturbance) of the kelp forest to identify their ecological drivers. We find that each metric depends the most on a unique set of drivers: Recovery likelihood depends the most on live and drift kelp production, recovery rate depends the most on urchin production and feedbacks that determine urchin grazing on live kelp, and resistance depends the most on feedbacks that determine predator consumption of urchins. Therefore, an understanding of the potential role of predator reintroduction or recovery in kelp systems relies on a comprehensive approach to measuring resiliency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Managing agroforestry transitions in a rapidly changing climate.
- Author
-
Jovanelly, Kristen, Su, Chenyang, and Ong, Theresa W.
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change adaptation , *CLIMATE change in literature , *ECOLOGICAL resilience , *CLIMATE change mitigation , *TREE crops , *AGROFORESTRY - Abstract
Agroforestry is a widely proposed solution for climate change adaptation and resilience in agriculture due to the multiplicity of socio-ecological benefits. However, agroforestry as a practice exists on a dynamic scale of ecological complexity, which may cause different management regimes to respond distinctively to climate change. Due to the limited literature on climate change impacts on agroforestry in the temperate region, this paper reviews disturbance regimes and the observed and predicted responses of forests and farms using the US Northeast as an example. We also reference scholarship from tropical regions, where agroforestry adoption/study is more advanced, to enhance understanding of the growing field of agroforestry in temperate systems. We view transitions to and from agroforestry from a complex systems lens by identifying the disturbance, complexity, resilience, and adaptive capacity of systems to drive and respond to rapid change via human management, focusing on invasive species, phenological changes and range shifts in plants, pests, and pathogens of agroforestry systems. Management considerations including structural diversity, species selection and the intentional/non-intentional incorporation of introduced species can promote community ecological resilience to build systems that have adaptive capacity to withstand changing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Design of all feasible output feedback controllers for robust output tracking of Boolean control networks.
- Author
-
Deng, Lei, Fu, Shihua, Cao, Xiujun, and Zhang, Fengxia
- Subjects
- *
BOOLEAN networks , *INVARIANT sets , *ROBUST control , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *LACTOSE - Abstract
This paper devotes to the design of all feasible output feedback controllers for the robust output tracking of Boolean control networks with disturbances (DBCNs). First, the output feedback–based robust control invariant set (RCIS) is defined, and a calculation method to find all output feedback–based RCISs of a given set is derived via the truth matrix technique. Second, a class of complete family of robust reachable sets (CFRRSs) is developed; the solvability of robust output tracking problem by output feedback control is verified. Furthermore, a constructive algorithm of all feasible output feedback controllers is presented. Finally, the study of a network about Escherichia coli lactose operon shows the effectiveness of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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