107,232 results
Search Results
52. Ageing condition assessment of oil-paper insulation using near infrared spectroscopy detection and analytical technique
- Author
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Feng Tang, Yin Zhang, Bin Yuan, Yuan Li, Wen-Bo Zhang, and Guan-Jun Zhang
- Subjects
transformer oil ,regression analysis ,least squares approximations ,infrared spectroscopy ,infrared spectra ,power transformer insulation ,paper ,data analysis ,ageing ,power transformers ,industrial applications ,NIRS analysis ,quantitative analysis model ,effectively spectral information ,competitive adaptive reweighted sampling ,spectral data quality ,evaluation precision ,data analytic algorithms ,high-voltage power transformer ,main insulation type ,ageing condition ,chemical tests ,physical tests ,fast response ,analytical technique ,infrared spectroscopy detection ,oil-paper insulation ,condition assessment ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), as one of analysis technologies, has shown promisingly industrial applications for significant properties for recent decades such as fast response, preciseness, non-intrusion etc. Here, the authors employed NIRS coupled with a series of physical and chemical tests to assess the ageing condition of oil-paper insulation, which is responsible for the main insulation type of high-voltage power transformer. Among these procedures, the data analytic algorithms are of utmost importance to determine the evaluation precision. After plenty of trial-and-error, Savitzky-Golay (S-G) convolution was finally utilised to de-noise samples and improve the spectral data quality. The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to select the optimal wavelength combination of NIRS, which is found able to fully extract the effectively spectral information and reduce dimensions of spectral data. Based on the above-mentioned techniques, the quantitative analysis model of NIRS was established by partial least squares (PLS), which could synthetically process the spectral data and the degree of polymerisation (DP) of paper samples. The results indicated that compared with the traditional detection methods, the NIRS analysis is a powerful and informative tool to characterise the condition of oil-paper insulation without intrusion or damage to transformers.
- Published
- 2019
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53. An Advanced Modeling Approach to Examine Factors Affecting Preschool Children's Phonological and Print Awareness
- Author
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Lütfiye Coskun
- Abstract
This paper presents a unique advanced statistical approach based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) to examine factors affective on phonological awareness and print awareness of preschool children. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were created and correlations between the independent and dependent (outcome) variables were analyzed. The ANN models were trained using the data for phonological awareness and print awareness of children. According to the findings, the created ANN model had an excellent fit to the actual data (R[superscript 2] = 0.934 and 0.940). Furthermore, the ANN model results were tested with a traditional analysis technique, Pearson correlation analysis. The ANN models yielded similar results to the Pearson correlation analysis but with more detail as expected. The ANN models were run for user-generated synthetic datasets and the relationships between the dependent and independent variables were discussed using model results. Demographic variables, namely, children's age, mother's age, mother's education, and family income were found to be not effective on children's print and phonological awareness skills. On the other hand, home literacy environment-related variables were found to be very effective. In conclusion, this paper introduces a methodology for implementing ANN modeling in educational data. A novel and powerful approach is provided to assess and estimate essential components of early literacy skills. The study has important implications for advancing our understanding of potential benefits of employing an AI-based modeling techniques in the field of education. The utilization of machine learning methods in educational research, as presented in this paper, has the potential to fundamentally reshape our approaches in categorizing and analyzing educational data.
- Published
- 2024
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54. Comparison between digital and paper urine color to assess hydration status.
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Sekiguchi, Yasuki, Martin, David G., Yoshihara, Ayami, and Casa, Douglas J.
- Subjects
HYDRATION ,STATISTICS ,HEAT ,RESEARCH evaluation ,URINE ,SPECIFIC gravity ,OXYGEN consumption ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DEHYDRATION ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,URINALYSIS ,DATA analysis ,OSMOLAR concentration ,STATISTICAL correlation ,DIGITAL diagnostic imaging ,COLOR ,PORTABLE computers - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between digital urine color and paper urine color with other urine indices to assess hydration status. Methods: Twelve male subjects (mean ± standard deviation; age, 26 ± 8 years; body mass, 57.8 ± 5.3 kg; height, 177.5 ± 8.9 cm; VO
2max , 57.8 ± 5.8 ml·kg−1 ·min−1 ) performed four exercise trials in the heat. Before and following exercise trials, subjects provide urine samples. Urine samples were measured using a digital urine color chart on a portable device screen. Urine samples were also assessed with urine specific gravity (USG), urine osmolality (UOsmo), and a validated paper urine color chart. Results: There were extremely large associations found between digital urine color and paper urine color (r = 0.926, p < 0.001). Correlation coefficients showing associations with USG and UOsmo were similar between digital urine color (USG, r = 0.695, p < 0.001; UOsmo, r = 0.555, p < 0.001) and paper urine color (USG, r = 0.713, p < 0.001; UOsmo, r = 0.570, p < 0.001). Bland–Altman analysis indicated that no proportional bias was observed between digital and paper urine colors (bias, − 0.148; SD of bias, 0.492; 95% LOA, − 1.11, 0.817; p = 0.094). Conclusions: Strong associations were found between digital and paper urine colors with no proportional bias. Furthermore, the degree of associations with USG and UOsmo was similar between digital and paper urine color. These results indicate that digital urine color is a useful tool to assess hydration status and this method could be used as an alternative method to using paper urine color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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55. A scientometric study of the scientific output of top Iranian researchers in medical sciences.
- Author
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Yaminfirooz, M., Esbakian, S., Karimkhani, Z., and Gholinia, H.
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SCIENTOMETRICS ,REGRESSION analysis ,CHI-squared test ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,DATA analysis - Abstract
Scientometrics indicators are used to assess scientists, universities and research institutes for scientific policy-making. The aim of this research was to assess the status of top Iranian medical researchers using scientometric indicators. The study was carried out using scientometric methods. The statistical population included the top 500 Iranian researchers in the field of medicine who were ranked in the Iranian Scientometric Information Database (ISID) based on some scientometric indicators. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and Pearson's correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis and Chi-square tests were applied for data analysis. Findings revealed that each researcher had an average h index of 24.04, g index of 40.15, and i10 index of 90.79. There was a positive significant relationship between the number of internationally-collaborated papers and the number of citations received (r = .606, p < .01). The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the three variables of paper number, citation counts and mean citation rate determined 72 % of the changes in the h-index. It can be concluded that researchers publishing more papers are more likely to be cited. However, their scientometric indexes are not always better than those of other scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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56. Computational Techniques for Data Science Applied to Broaden the Knowledge between Citizen Science and Education
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Calvera-Isabal, Miriam, Varas, Nuria, and Santos, Patricia
- Abstract
This paper describes a preliminary study of how computational methods allow us to know more about citizen science and its connection with education. Citizen science is a practice involving a general public in scientific tasks and generating knowledge and scientific results. Previous studies have shown that the education sector can take benefit of the knowledge and activities organized or resources generated in CS projects. Previous studies have shown that the education sector can take advantage of the knowledge and activities organized in CS projects. In this paper, we analyze three citizen science platforms (Eu.Citizen science platform, Observatorio de la ciencia ciudadana and Oficina de la ciència ciutadana) with computational analytics techniques to provide initial insights of how educators can take benefit of the analysis of large amounts of data from CS. Finally, different visualizations and dashboards have been developed as illustrative examples of tools to support educators and learners. These tools provide information about citizen science projects, an overview of scientific vocabulary, access to validated resources and examples of technology used in scientific inquiry that can be used with educational purposes. [For the full proceedings, see ED621108.]
- Published
- 2021
57. Effectiveness of California Higher Education Legislation (Senate Bill 1644) and National Implications of Higher Education as a Right or Privilege
- Author
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Quinto, John E. and Hauser, Linda
- Abstract
California legislature made a policy change with Senate Bill (SB) 1644 (2000), shifting Cal Grant Programs to focus on entitlement; counter to the national trend of merit based grant programs. This article describes a study examining effectiveness and extent to which SB 1644 is meeting its legislative objectives: increase in higher education opportunities and lower student loan debt. Additionally, demographic characteristic differences of student populations seeking higher education opportunities (20-year period) and factors influencing California policy to embrace entitlement grants are presented. The national implication and political (value) question derived from this study was: Is higher education a right or a privilege?
- Published
- 2014
58. Log Mining for Course Recommendation in Limited Information Scenarios
- Author
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Sanguino, Juan, Manrique, Rubén, Mariño, Olga, Linares-Vásquez, Mario, and Cardozo, Nicolas
- Abstract
Recommender systems in educational contexts have proven effective to identify learning resources that fit the interests and needs of learners. Their usage has been of special interest in online self-learning scenarios to increase student retention and improve the learning experience. In current recommendation techniques, and in particular, in collaborative filtering recommender systems, the quality of the recommendation is largely based on the explicit or implicit information obtained about the learners. On free massive online learning platforms, however, the information available about learners may be limited and based mostly on logs from website analytics tools such as Google Analytics. In this paper, we address the challenge of recommending meaningful content with limited information from users by using rating estimation strategies from a log system. Our approach posits strategies to mine logs and generates effective ratings through the counting and temporal analysis of sessions. We evaluate different rating penalty strategies and compare the use of per-user and global metrics for rating estimation. The results show that using the average number of lessons viewed per-user is better than using global metrics with a p-value under 0.01 for 4 of our 5 hypotheses, showing statistical significance. Additionally, the results show that functions that penalize the rating to a lesser degree behave better and lead to a better recommendation. [For the full proceedings, see ED623995.]
- Published
- 2022
59. Can Population-Based Engagement Improve Personalisation? A Novel Dataset and Experiments
- Author
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Bulathwela, Sahan, Verma, Meghana, Pérez-Ortiz, María, Yilmaz, Emine, and Shawe-Taylor, John
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This work explores how population-based engagement prediction can address cold-start at scale in large learning resource collections. The paper introduces: (1) VLE, a novel dataset that consists of content and video based features extracted from publicly available scientific video lectures coupled with implicit and explicit signals related to learner engagement; (2) two standard tasks related to predicting and ranking context-agnostic engagement in video lectures with preliminary baselines; and (3) a set of experiments that validate the usefulness of the proposed dataset. Our experimental results indicate that the newly proposed VLE dataset leads to building context-agnostic engagement prediction models that are significantly performant than ones based on previous datasets, mainly attributing to the increase of training examples. VLE dataset's suitability in building models towards Computer Science/ Artificial Intelligence education focused on e-learning/MOOC use-cases is also evidenced. Further experiments in combining the built model with a personalising algorithm show promising improvements in addressing the cold-start problem encountered in educational recommenders. This is the largest and most diverse publicly available dataset to our knowledge that deals with learner engagement prediction tasks. The dataset, helper tools, descriptive statistics and example code snippets are available publicly. [For the full proceedings, see ED623995.]
- Published
- 2022
60. Four Papers on Contemporary Software Design Strategies for Statistical Methodologists
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Carey, Vincent and Cook, Dianne
- Published
- 2014
61. On the use of data analysis and OR modelling in MCDM problems: a case analysis - a rejoinder to the paper by Sousa Ribeiro et al.
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Owsiński, Jan W.
- Subjects
MULTIPLE criteria decision making ,DATA analysis ,BIG data ,SHOPPING malls - Abstract
Taking as an example the very interesting and motivating paper by Sousa Ribeiro et al. (2021) an attempt is made of providing a couple of insights into the decision making process from the point of view of the potentially helpful aspects of data analysis and OR-related modelling. These are just hints and suggestions, meant primarily to emphasise the multifaceted character of the decision making situations and processes, especially when concerning more complex issues. While the course of the procedure proposed and exemplified in Sousa Ribeiro et al. (2021) is treated as fully correctly and successfully carried out to the end, we wish to show the potential use of information, constituting in a sense a "by-product" of such a procedure, or, actually, of any similar procedure, aimed at supporting decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
62. Data-Driven Learning for Languages Other than English: The Cases of French, German, Italian, and Spanish
- Author
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Jablonkai, Reka, Forti, Luciana, Abad Castelló, Magdalena, Salengros Iguenane, Isabelle, Schaeffer-Lacroix, Eva, and Vyatkina, Nina
- Abstract
This paper summarises the contributions to EuroCALL's CorpusCALL SIG Symposium for the year 2020. In line with this year's EuroCALL conference theme, 'CALL for widening participation', the Symposium centred around the theme of "Data-driven learning for languages other than English." This paper gives a brief overview of developments and challenges when using Data-Driven Learning (DDL) to teach French, German, Italian, and Spanish. As research suggests, a DDL approach has been effectively utilised to teach these languages. However, there are differences in available DDL resources and corpora for the respective languages that are appropriate for language teaching. The main challenges for future developments are also discussed. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]
- Published
- 2020
63. Improving Test Score Reporting: Perspectives from the ETS Score Reporting Conference. Research Report. ETS RR-11-45
- Author
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Zapata-Rivera, Diego and Zwick, Rebecca
- Abstract
This volume includes 3 papers based on presentations at a workshop on communicating assessment information to particular audiences, held at Educational Testing Service (ETS) on November 4th, 2010, to explore some issues that influence score reports and new advances that contribute to the effectiveness of these reports. Jessica Hullman, Rebecca Rhodes, Fernando Rodriguez, and Priti Shah present the results of recent research on graph comprehension and data interpretation, especially the role of presentation format, the impact of prior quantitative literacy and domain knowledge, the trade-off between reducing cognitive load and increasing active processing of data, and the affective influence of graphical displays. Rebecca Zwick and Jeffrey Sklar present the results of the Instructional Tools in Educational Measurement and Statistics for School Personnel (ITEMS) project, funded by the National Science Foundation and conducted at the University of California, Santa Barbara to develop and evaluate 3 web-based instructional modules intended to help educators interpret test scores. Zwick and Sklar discuss the modules and the procedures used to evaluate their effectiveness. Diego Zapata-Rivera presents a new framework for designing and evaluating score reports, based on work on designing and evaluating score reports for particular audiences in the context of the CBAL (Cognitively Based Assessment of, for, and as Learning) project (Bennett & Gitomer, 2009), which has been applied in the development and evaluation of reports for various audiences including teachers, administrators and students.
- Published
- 2011
64. Unveiling the Story behind Numbers: Using Institutional Data to Reform Program Support for Online Graduate Students
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Elise Kokenge and Laura B. Holyoke
- Abstract
A comparative longitudinal data analysis between two online non-thesis master's programs--natural resource management and environmental science--in a college of natural resources to determine the relationship between student characteristics and disenrollment risks. Risks varied between the two programs, with significance found to increase the risk of disenrollment due to cumulative GPA, gender, time between degrees, and the number of terms not enrolled. [For the full proceedings, see ED648717.]
- Published
- 2023
65. Partner Keystrokes Can Predict Attentional States during Chat-Based Conversations
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Kuvar, Vishal, Flynn, Lauren, Allen, Laura, and Mills, Caitlin
- Abstract
Computer-mediated social learning contexts have become increasingly popular over the last few years; yet existing models of students' cognitive-affective states have been slower to adopt dyadic interaction data for predictions. Here, we explore the possibility of capitalizing on the inherently social component of collaborative learning by using keystroke log data to make predictions across conversational partners (i.e., using person A's data to make prediction about if person B is mind wandering). Log files from 33 dyads (total N = 66) were used to examine: (a) how mind wandering (defined here as task-unrelated thought) during computer-mediated conversations is related to critical outcomes of the conversation (trust, likability, agreement); (b) if task-unrelated thought can be predicted by the keystrokes of one's partner; and (c) how much data is needed to make predictions by testing various window-sizes of data preceding task-unrelated thought reports. Results indicated a negative relationship between task-unrelated thought and perceptions of the conversation, suggesting that attention is an important factor during computer mediated chat conversations. Finally, in line with our hypothesis, results from mixed effects models showed that one's level of task-unrelated thought was predicted by the keystroke patterns of their conversational partner, but only using small window sizes (5s worth of data). [For the complete proceedings, see ED630829.]
- Published
- 2023
66. Learning Problem Decomposition-Recomposition with Data-Driven Chunky Parsons Problems within an Intelligent Logic Tutor
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Shabrina, Preya, Mostafavi, Behrooz, Tithi, Sutapa Dey, Chi, Min, and Barnes, Tiffany
- Abstract
Problem decomposition into sub-problems or subgoals and recomposition of the solutions to the subgoals into one complete solution is a common strategy to reduce difficulties in structured problem solving. In this study, we use a datadriven graph-mining-based method to decompose historical student solutions of logic-proof problems into Chunks. We design a new problem type where we present these chunks in a Parsons Problem fashion and asked students to reconstruct the complete solution from the chunks. We incorporated these problems within an intelligent logic tutor and called them Chunky Parsons Problems (CPP). These problems demonstrate the process of problem decomposition to students and require them to pay attention to the decomposed solution while they reconstruct the complete solution. The aim of introducing CPP was to improve students' problem-solving skills and performance by improving their decomposition-recomposition skills without significantly increasing training difficulty. Our analysis showed that CPPs could be as easy as Worked Examples (WE). And, students who received CPP with simple explanations attached to the chunks had marginally higher scores than those who received CPPs without explanation or did not receive them. Also, the normalized learning gain of these students shifted more towards the positive side than other students. Finally, as we looked into their proof-construction traces in posttest problems, we observed them to form identifiable chunks aligned with those found in historical solutions with higher efficiency. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630829.]
- Published
- 2023
67. A Data Mining Approach for Detecting Collusion in Unproctored Online Exams
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Langerbein, Janine, Massing, Till, Klenke, Jens, Striewe, Michael, Goedicke, Michael, and Hanck, Christoph
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Due to the precautionary measures during the COVID-19 pandemic many universities offered unproctored take-home exams. We propose methods to detect potential collusion between students and apply our approach on event log data from take-home exams during the pandemic. We find groups of students with suspiciously similar exams. In addition, we compare our findings to a proctored comparison group. By this, we establish a rule of thumb for evaluating which cases are "outstandingly similar", i.e., suspicious cases. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630829.]
- Published
- 2023
68. Clustering to Define Interview Participants for Analyzing Student Feedback: A Case of Legends of Learning
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Karimov, Ayaz, Saarela, Mirka, and Kärkkäinen, Tommi
- Abstract
Within the last decade, different educational data mining techniques, particularly quantitative methods such as clustering, and regression analysis are widely used to analyze the data from educational games. In this research, we implemented a quantitative data mining technique (clustering) to further investigate students' feedback. Students played educational games within a week on the educational games platform, Legends of Learning and after a week, we asked them to fulfill the feedback survey about their feelings on the use of this platform. To analyze the collected data from students, firstly, we prepared clusters and selected one prototype student closest to the centroid of each cluster to interview. Interviews were held to explain the clusters more and due to time and resource limitations, we were unable to interview all (N=60) students, thus only the most representative students were interviewed. In addition to the students, we conducted an interview with the teacher as well to get her detailed feedback and observations on the usage of educational games. We also asked students to take an exam before and after the research to see the impact of games on their grades. Our results depict that though educational games can increase students' motivation, they may negatively impact some students' grades. And even though playing games made students feel interested and fun, they would not like to play them on a daily basis. Hence, using educational games for a certain duration such as subject revision weeks may positively influence students' grades and motivation. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630829.]
- Published
- 2023
69. Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) (16th, Bengaluru, India, July 11-14, 2023)
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International Educational Data Mining Society, Feng, Mingyu, Käser, Tanja, and Talukdar, Partha
- Abstract
The Indian Institute of Science is proud to host the fully in-person sixteenth iteration of the International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) during July 11-14, 2023. EDM is the annual flagship conference of the International Educational Data Mining Society. The theme of this year's conference is "Educational data mining for amplifying human potential." Not all students or seekers of knowledge receive the education necessary to help them realize their full potential, be it due to a lack of resources or lack of access to high quality teaching. The dearth in high-quality educational content, teaching aids, and methodologies, and non-availability of objective feedback on how they could become better teachers, deprive our teachers from achieving their full potential. The administrators and policy makers lack tools for making optimal decisions such as optimal class sizes, class composition, and course sequencing. All these handicap the nations, particularly the economically emergent ones, who recognize the centrality of education for their growth. EDM-2023 has striven to focus on concepts, principles, and techniques mined from educational data for amplifying the potential of all the stakeholders in the education system. The spotlights of EDM-2023 include: (1) Five keynote talks by outstanding researchers of eminence; (2) A plenary Test of Time award talk and a Banquet talk; (3) Five tutorials (foundational as well as advanced); (4) Four thought provoking panels on contemporary themes; (5) Peer reviewed technical paper and poster presentations; (6) Doctoral students consortium; and (7) An enchanting cultural programme. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2023
70. RFM: A Business Analytics Case for All; No Statistics Required
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John N. Dyer
- Abstract
Businesses and other organizations across the globe are becoming more and more data-driven, using a combination of descriptive, diagnostic, predictive and prescriptive analytics to gain a strategic advantage through understanding the past, what we hope to happen in the future, and the ability to accurately predict future outcomes. These forms of analytics span from basic statistical summaries and data visualization to artificial intelligence models. Many organizations are now requiring new job applicants, new hires, and existing employees to be data literate. As such, it is becoming incumbent on teachers, students, and practitioners to possess some basic knowledge or experience in business analytics, at least within their educational and functional domains. Current best-practice in business school curriculum embeds some form of analytics across the curriculum. Unfortunately, many business colleges do not have the experience or resources to do so, hence teachers are unprepared to teach, and students are not prepared to enter the business world being data literate. While higher levels of analytics can be statistically intimidating, there are numerous applications of analytics that do not require statistics or higher-level models. This paper introduces one such technique practiced within marketing education and industry since 1995 and is called RFM. RFM has long been known in marketing curriculum and practice but has seen virtually no exposure in business schools outside of marketing major courses. This reflects an unintended consequence of teaching and learning within "functional" silos. It is hoped that teachers and students across the business curriculum, as well as workforce participants, can use this case to gain an appreciation of data literacy and analytics toward application within any functional area of business. The purpose of this paper is to avail those outside of marketing education and practice with an effective, easy to understand, easy to apply model, with no statistics involved. The goal is to facilitate increased data literacy and interest in understanding and/or applying analytics to other functional arear of business. RFM is not unique to this paper but is aimed at broadening teacher, student and workforce participant experience and knowledge of business analytics.
- Published
- 2023
71. Grouping Students' Learning Patterns with Manaba's Log Data by K-Means
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Kai Li
- Abstract
Assessing students' performance in online learning could be executed not only by the traditional forms of summative assessments such as using essays, assignments, and a final exam, etc. but also by more formative assessment approaches such as interaction activities, forum posts, etc. However, it is difficult for teachers to monitor and assess students' learning activities using the log data. To provide teachers with a more comprehensive view of students' distinct learning behaviour patterns, and to supply personalized interventions and support to meet the specific needs of each learning group, this study focuses on how to automatically acquire learning logs from Manaba, a Japanese commercial LMS, and how to cluster students' learning activities using the k-means algorithm. Firstly, we developed a program using Python to scrape students' learning activity log information from the Manaba web pages. We collected 56446 lines of clickstreams log data from 121 students in two computer literacy hybrid classes in the fall semester of 2022 (2022/9-2023/1). Secondly, we convert the raw logs into a structured dataset with 33 features which represent each student's learning activities. Then we extract and select 15 features representing three perspectives: raw activity, time on task, and learning frequency. Thirdly, we grouped students' learning activity patterns with the three perspectives into 5 clusters by the k-means clustering algorithm. As a result, this study identified five distinct learning activity patterns depending on how much, how long and how often the students learned online. For example, cluster 1 seldom learned but spent time on learning whom we considered the disengaged or struggling students, and cluster 5 had more learning activities with little time on each activity whom we considered the well-self-regulated students. The results of this study contribute to how to monitor students' learning activity in online learning and how to assess and support student's learning by their learning activity patterns. [For the full proceedings, see ED636095.]
- Published
- 2023
72. Enriching Multimodal Data: A Temporal Approach to Contextualize Joint Attention in Collaborative Problem-Solving
- Author
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Yiqiu Zhou and Jina Kang
- Abstract
Collaboration is a complex, multidimensional process; however, details of how multimodal features intersect and mediate group interactions have not been fully unpacked. Characterizing and analyzing the temporal patterns based on multimodal features is a challenging yet important work to advance our understanding of computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). This paper highlights the affordances, as well as the limitations, of different temporal approaches in terms of analyzing multimodal data. To tackle the remaining challenges, we present an empirical example of multimodal temporal analysis that leverages multi-level vector autoregression (mlVAR) to identify temporal patterns of the collaborative problem-solving (CPS) process in an immersive astronomy simulation. We extend previous research on joint attention with a particular focus on the added value from a multimodal, temporal account of the CPS process. We incorporate verbal discussion to contextualize joint attention, examine the sequential and contemporaneous associations between them, and identify significant differences in temporal patterns between low- and high-achieving groups. Our paper does the following: 1) creates interpretable multimodal group interaction patterns, 2) advances understanding of CPS through examination of verbal and non-verbal interactions, and 3) demonstrates the added value of a complete account of temporality including both duration and sequential order.
- Published
- 2023
73. Data Literacy in the New EU DigComp 2.2 Framework How DigComp Defines Competences on Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things and Data
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Leo Van Audenhove, Lotte Vermeire, Wendy Van den Broeck, and Andy Demeulenaere
- Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse data literacy in the new Digital Competence Framework for Citizens (DigComp 2.2). Mid-2022 the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission published a new version of the DigComp (EC, 2022). This new version focusses more on the datafication of society and emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence. This paper analyses how DigComp 2.2 defines data literacy and how the framework looks at this from a societal lens. Design/methodology/approach: This study critically examines DigComp 2.2, using the data literacy competence model developed by the Knowledge Centre for Digital and Media Literacy Flanders-Belgium. The examples of knowledge, skills and attitudes focussing on data literacy (n = 84) are coded and mapped onto the data literacy competence model, which differentiates between using data and understanding data. Findings: Data literacy is well-covered in the framework, but there is a stronger emphasis on understanding data rather than using data, for example, collecting data is only coded once. Thematically, DigComp 2.2 primarily focusses on security and privacy (31 codes), with less attention given to the societal impact of data, such as environmental impact or data fairness. Originality/value: Given the datafication of society, data literacy has become increasingly important. DigComp is widely used across different disciplines and now integrates data literacy as a required competence for citizens. It is, thus, relevant to analyse its views on data literacy and emerging technologies, as it will have a strong impact on education in Europe.
- Published
- 2024
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74. The Cognitive Basis of Thematic Analysis
- Author
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Wei Liu
- Abstract
Underlying thematic analysis are a few fundamental human cognitive processes, such as categorizing, prototyping and metaphorical mapping. By unpacking these basic processes of human cognition, this paper hopes to provide a cognitive basis for thematic analysis as a foundational method in data analysis for qualitative research. In particular, it hopes to address the gap between qualitative methodologists' assumption of thematic analysis as a subjective, creative and flexible process and editors/reviewers' expectation that thematic analysis shall be objective, reliable and rigorous. By consciously and purposefully applying these cognitive processes, thematic analysis can be subjective and yet disciplined, creative and yet rigorous, flexible and yet reliable. The ultimate goal of this paper is to demystify, delineate and further demarcate the thematic analysis process for young and novice qualitative researchers.
- Published
- 2024
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75. Developing and Using Matrix Methods for Analysis of Large Longitudinal Qualitative Datasets in Out-of-Home-Care Research
- Author
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David Hodgson, Reinie Cordier, Lauren Parsons, Brontë Walter, Fadzai Chikwava, Lynelle Watts, Stian Thoresen, Matthew Martinez, and Donna Chung
- Abstract
Managing and analysing large qualitative datasets pose a particular challenge for researchers seeking a consistent and rigorous approach to qualitative data analysis. This paper describes and demonstrates the development and adoption of a matrix tool to guide the qualitative data analysis of a large sample (N = 122) of interview data. The paper articulates the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of the matrix analysis tool and how it was developed and applied in a longitudinal mixed methods out-of-home-care research study. Specific illustrations and examples of data integration and data analysis are provided to demonstrate the benefits and potentials of constructing matrix tools to guide research teams when working with large qualitative data sets alone or in combination with quantitative data sets.
- Published
- 2024
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76. A Decade of Research into the Application of Big Data and Analytics in Higher Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature
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Ana Stojanov and Ben Kei Daniel
- Abstract
The need for data-driven decision-making primarily motivates interest in analysing Big Data in higher education. Although there has been considerable research on the value of Big Data in higher education, its application to address critical issues within the sector is still limited. This systematic review, conducted in December 2021 and encompassing 75 papers, analysed the applications of Big Data and analytics in higher education. The focus was on their usage in supporting learning, teaching and administration as reported in papers indexed in SCOPUS, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore. The key findings from the review revealed that Big Data and analytics are predominantly used to support learning and, to a lesser extent, guide teaching and informing administrative decision-making processes. The review also identified a set of studies focused on supporting student well-being. Further, we extend the use of Big Data in higher education to include the well-being of students and staff. This paper contributes to the growing debate on the practical use of Big Data and analytics to provide valuable insights for solving systemic challenges facing high education in the twenty-first century.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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77. Assessing Impact of Problem-Based Learning Using Data Mining to Extract Learning Patterns
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Shilpa Bhaskar Mujumdar, Haridas Acharya, Shailaja Shirwaikar, and Prafulla Bharat Bafna
- Abstract
Purpose: This paper defines and assesses student learning patterns under the influence of problem-based learning (PBL) and their classification into a reasonable minimum number of classes. Study utilizes PBL implemented in an undergraduate Statistics and Operations Research course for techno-management students at a private university in India. Design/methodology/approach: Study employs an in situ experiment using a conceptual model based on learning theory. The participant's end-of-semester GPA is Performance Indicator. Integrating PBL with classroom teaching is unique instructional approach to this study. An unsupervised and supervised data mining approach to analyse PBL impact establishes research conclusions. Findings: The administration of PBL results in improved learning patterns (above-average) for students with medium attendance. PBL, Gender, Math background, Board and discipline are contributing factors to students' performance in the decision tree. PBL benefits a student of any gender with lower attendance. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to course students from one institute and does not consider external factors. Practical implications: Researchers can apply learning patterns obtained in this paper highlighting PBL impact to study effect of every innovative pedagogical study. Classification of students based on learning behaviours can help facilitators plan remedial actions. Originality/value: 1. Clustering is used to extract student learning patterns considering dynamics of student performances over time. Then decision tree is utilized to elicit a simple process of classifying students. 2. Data mining approach overcomes limitations of statistical techniques to provide knowledge impact in presence of demographic characteristics and student attendance.
- Published
- 2024
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78. Exploring the Reform Model of Graded Progressive University English Teaching in an Educational Ecological Environment
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Pei Wang
- Abstract
In today's university era, reforming the English teaching model has become a major research topic for researchers. Based on this, this paper adopts a hierarchical and progressive model construction method to further explore the reform model of university English teaching in the context of educational ecology. First, this paper discusses the development of the layered progressive approach in various countries and the current status of the layered progressive approach. By allowing the use of the model of the layered progressive approach, the data related to the reform of university English teaching were analyzed and organized. The combination of internal optimization, data-theoretic learning algorithms, and data federation algorithms for the model of the hierarchical incremental approach are also investigated. The results of the study show that the layered progressive model of college English teaching reform has good results through specific practical applications in a strengthened educational ecosystem.
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- 2024
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79. Comprehensive evaluation of the transformer oil-paper insulation state based on RF-combination weighting and an improved TOPSIS method.
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Fugen Song and Shichao Tong
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC transformers , *RANDOM forest algorithms , *FEATURE extraction , *TOPSIS method , *DATA analysis - Abstract
The accurate identification of the oil-paper insulation state of a transformer is crucial for most maintenance strategies. This paper presents a multi-feature comprehensive evaluation model based on combination weighting and an improved technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method to perform an objective and scientific evaluation of the transformer oil-paper insulation state. Firstly, multiple aging features are extracted from the recovery voltage polarization spectrum and the extended Debye equivalent circuit owing to the limitations of using a single feature for evaluation. A standard evaluation index system is then established by using the collected time-domain dielectric spectrum data. Secondly, this study implements the per-unit value concept to integrate the dimension of the index matrix and calculates the objective weight by using the random forest algorithm. Furthermore, it combines the weighting model to overcome the drawbacks of the single weighting method by using the indicators and considering the subjective experience of experts and the random forest algorithm. Lastly, the enhanced TOPSIS approach is used to determine the insulation quality of an oil-paper transformer. A verification example demonstrates that the evaluation model developed in this study can efficiently and accurately diagnose the insulation status of transformers. Essentially, this study presents a novel approach for the assessment of transformer oil-paper insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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80. Research Report: Research Papers at ICOTS 4.
- Author
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Garfield, Joan
- Abstract
Summarizes 19 papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Teaching Statistics held in Morocco, July 1994. Papers presented were in five categories: (1) empirical studies on students' conceptions; (2) theoretical papers on teaching and learning; (3) assessment; (4) using computers in teaching probability and statistics; and (5) data analysis. (MKR)
- Published
- 1995
81. Can Schools Realize the Learning Potential of Knowledge Management?
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Bain, Alan and Parkes, Robert John
- Abstract
In this position paper, reservations are presented regarding the potential of knowledge management (KM) as it is currently applied to the learning and teaching activity of schools. We contend that effective KM is contingent upon the explication of a deep and shared understanding of the learning and teaching process. We argue that the most important transactions in schools, those related to learning and teaching, are frequently the least explicated. Further, where such explication does occur, it is rarely specific enough to generate the kind of meaningful data required to make timely improvements in the learning experience of individual students. Our intent is to inject a cautionary note regarding current conceptualizations of KM in education and to focus the KM discussion on potentially more valid applications in school settings. We offer strategy and examples that can be employed to address the reservations described herein as well as build the kind of professional culture of practice in schools that is more conducive to effective KM.
- Published
- 2006
82. The NAEP EDM Competition: On the Value of Theory-Driven Psychometrics and Machine Learning for Predictions Based on Log Data
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Zehner, Fabian, Harrison, Scott, Eichmann, Beate, Deribo, Tobias, Bengs, Daniel, Andersen, Nico, and Hahnel, Carolin
- Abstract
The "2nd Annual WPI-UMASS-UPENN EDM Data Mining Challenge" required contestants to predict efficient testtaking based on log data. In this paper, we describe our theory-driven and psychometric modeling approach. For feature engineering, we employed the Log-Normal Response Time Model for estimating latent person speed, and the Generalized Partial Credit Model for estimating latent person ability. Additionally, we adopted an n-gram feature approach for event sequences. For training a multi-label classifier, we distinguished inefficient test takers who were going too fast and those who were going too slow, instead of using the provided binary target label. Our best-performing ensemble classifier comprised three sets of low-dimensional classifiers, dominated by test-taker speed. While our classifier reached moderate performance, relative to competition leaderboard, our approach makes two important contributions. First, we show how explainable classifiers could provide meaningful predictions if results can be contextualized to test administrators who wish to intervene or take action. Second, our re-engineering of test scores enabled us to incorporate person ability into the estimation. However, ability was hardly predictive of efficient behavior, leading to the conclusion that the target label's validity needs to be questioned. The paper concludes with tools that are helpful for substantively meaningful log data mining. [For the full proceedings, see ED607784.]
- Published
- 2020
83. Evaluating Sources of Course Information and Models of Representation on a Variety of Institutional Prediction Tasks
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Jiang, Weijie and Pardos, Zachary A.
- Abstract
Data mining of course enrollment and course description records has soared as institutions of higher education begin tapping into the value of these data for academic and internal research purposes. This has led to a more than doubling of papers on course prediction tasks every year. The papers often center around a single prediction task and introduce a single novel modeling approach utilizing one or two data sources. In this paper, we provide the most comprehensive evaluation to date of data sources, models, and their performance on downstream prediction tasks. We separately incorporate syllabus, catalog description, and enrollment history data to represent courses using graph embedding, course2vec (i.e., skip-gram), and classic bag-of-words models. We evaluate these representations on the tasks of predicting course prerequisites, credit equivalencies, student next semester enrollments, and student course grades. Most notably, our results show that syllabi bag-of-words representations performed better than course descriptions in predicting prerequisite relationships, though enrollment-based graph embeddings performed substantially better still. Course descriptions provided the highest single representation accuracy in predicting course similarity, with descriptions, syllabi, and course2vec combined representations providing the highest ensembled accuracy on this task. [For the full proceedings, see ED607784.]
- Published
- 2020
84. Hand hygiene monitoring: Comparison between app and paper forms for direct observation.
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Libero, Giulia, Bordino, Valerio, Garlasco, Jacopo, Vicentini, Costanza, and Maria Zotti, Carla
- Subjects
- *
STATISTICS , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *MOBILE apps , *TIME , *PATIENT monitoring , *CONTENT mining , *INFECTION control , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *HAND washing , *DATA analysis , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Healthcare‐associated infections (HAIs) are a global public health threat. Italy is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of HAI. Hand hygiene (HH) is a pillar of infection prevention and control. Monitoring HH is necessary to improve HH compliance, and direct observation is considered the gold standard. Transcription and analysis of data collected during direct observation of HH compliance with the WHO paper form are time‐consuming. We collected, during a 9‐day observation period, HH opportunities and compliance both with a smartphone application (SpeedyAudit) and with the WHO paper form. Then, we investigated the difference in the required time for data transcription and analysis between the WHO paper form and the use of the app. The difference in the required time for data transcription and analysis was significant with a mean time of 2 s using the app and about 14–54 min/day using paper form (p =.004) while no significant difference was found in measured compliance rates between the two data collecting methods. HH monitoring with an app is time‐saving, and the app we used was easy to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
85. The Post-Pandemic Achievement Gap in Indigenous Students in a First-Semester Mixed-Level Language Course
- Author
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Ana Maria Diaz-Collazos
- Abstract
This paper analyzes data from Native American students' attainment in a first-semester Spanish language course at an indigenous-serving institution before, during, and after the pandemic. The gap between Native American and non-Native American students increased during the first post-pandemic semester to the point that just one out of 11 Native Americans passed the course in the fall of 2021. After that, the gap between Native American and non-Native American students gradually narrowed until reaching the lowest failing grades of 23% in the spring 2023. In my teaching, Native American students benefit from a classic teaching style involving longer lecture time, monitored note-taking, consistent attendance requirements, in-person communication, and clearly communicated differentiation strategies for grading. This may align with the cycle of learning outlined by Benally (1994): Nitsáhákees (Thinking), Nahat'á (Planning), Iiná (Living) and Sihasin (Assuring).
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- 2024
86. Investigation of Preschoolers' Mathematical Skills: A Systematic Literature Review
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Antonia Petropoulou, Konstantinos Lavidas, and Stamatis Papadakis
- Abstract
Background/purpose: Awareness of the mathematical skills and knowledge children possess in their early years is widely accepted. This includes various common positive aspects, not only for educators but also for researchers and policymakers. This study presents a systematic review conducted to meticulously identify empirical studies published in the Scopus-Index Journal database about the mathematical skills children aged 3 to 8 years old have mastered. Materials/methods: This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and the research database comprised of Scopus-indexed journals. The technique followed used "keywords" and Boolean operators. The screening processes included reviewing abstracts, scanning complete texts of published articles, and rejecting those not meeting preset inclusion criteria. Moreover, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and papers not written in English were also excluded. Of the 801 studies initially identified, a total of 15 empirical studies were included in the systematic review. Results: Children master various math skills from a very young age, mainly in "numbers and operations", but face difficulties in skills related to "algebra" as well as "geometry and measurement". Additionally, several preschoolers' characteristics help to explain the acquisition of these skills, with "age" being the primary factor. Researchers use various research instruments and mainly conduct individual semi-structured interviews. Children's geometry skills and knowledge appear to have been studied to a small extent. The areas of "measurement" and "data analysis and probability" were found to be under active investigation. Conclusion: It is worth noting that not only does a noticeable research gap exist for the math domains of "measurement," "geometry," and "data analysis and probability". Factors that seem to affect young children's math skills, such as "gender", "parents' educational level", and "attendance to a preparatory preschool" need further investigation. The implications of the current study's results extend beyond academia, providing valuable insights that educators and policymakers can leverage to enhance the quality of mathematics education during the early years period.
- Published
- 2024
87. LifeWatch ERIC: papers collection on original datasets and new e-services for the biodiversity and ecosystems' scientific community.
- Author
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Arvanitidis, Christos, Basset, Alberto, van Tienderen, Peter, de Moncuit, Lucas, Olivares, Cristina Isabel Huertas, Di Muri, Cristina, Mellado, Ana, and Los, Wouter
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC services ,ECOSYSTEM management ,SCIENTIFIC community ,BIODIVERSITY ,DATA analysis - Abstract
Papers including articles that are produced because of the activities of LifeWatch ERIC, in the context of its second implementation period (2022 - 2026) and through the implementation of its new Strategic Working Plan, are published in this special collection. The articles include data papers, papers describing the development and functioning of analytical services and papers describing any other research outcome, produced either by LifeWatch ERIC or by any collaboration with any other ERIC, Research Infrastructure, global aggregator or other legal entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. Matching papers and reviewers at large conferences.
- Author
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Leyton-Brown, Kevin, Mausam, Nandwani, Yatin, Zarkoob, Hedayat, Cameron, Chris, Newman, Neil, and Raghu, Dinesh
- Subjects
- *
ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *PROBLEM solving , *COMPUTER science conferences , *DATA analysis , *IMAGE registration - Abstract
Peer-reviewed conferences, the main publication venues in CS, rely critically on matching highly qualified reviewers for each paper. Because of the growing scale of these conferences, the tight timelines on which they operate, and a recent surge in explicitly dishonest behavior, there is now no alternative to performing this matching in an automated way. This paper introduces Large Conference Matching (LCM) , a novel reviewer–paper matching approach that was recently deployed in the 35th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2021), and has since been adopted (wholly or partially) by other conferences including ICML 2022, AAAI 2022-2024, and IJCAI 2022-2024. LCM has three main elements: (1) collecting and processing input data to identify problematic matches and generate reviewer–paper scores; (2) formulating and solving an optimization problem to find good reviewer–paper matchings; and (3) a two-phase reviewing process that shifts reviewing resources away from papers likely to be rejected and towards papers closer to the decision boundary. This paper also describes an evaluation of these innovations based on an extensive post-hoc analysis on real data—including a comparison with the matching algorithm used in AAAI's previous (2020) iteration—and supplements this with additional numerical experimentation.2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
89. Problems by Graduate level Students in Writing First Research Paper.
- Author
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Javed, Muhammad
- Subjects
RESEARCH papers (Students) ,STUDENT research ,GRADUATE students ,LITERATURE reviews ,DATA analysis ,ACQUISITION of data ,PARAPHRASE ,PLAGIARISM - Published
- 2019
90. Investigation of the Predictions and Decisions about Information and Communication Technologies in the Development Plans in Turkey
- Author
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Gerek, Sevgi
- Abstract
Conscious and balanced use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is one of the main foundations of the concept put forward as new economy. Studies on the forming process of new economy in Turkey are conducted, but failures are also experienced in forming an accurate policy in terms of information, technology and innovation. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictions and decisions with regard to information and communication technologies (ICT) in the development plans of Turkey and make an investigation in parallel to this. For this purpose, document analysis technique was employed in the research, and content analysis was used for the data analysis. Themes emerging from the data analysis were analyzed in terms of problem, purpose and application policies in the development plans. In this context, the results of the study revealed that problem, purpose and application policies with regard to technology production, technology development, technology policy, technology plan, and information and communication technologies were not included at all in the 1st and 2nd development plans. Moreover, it was found out that technology policies were first emphasized in the 3rd Development Plan in terms of purpose and application, and a technology plan was first emphasized in the 5th Development Plan as purpose. As for the information and communication technologies, it was first involved in the 8th Development Plan. Therefore, it was concluded that Turkey has latched on to the policies still valid today in the Information, Technology and Research field from the very beginning; however, failed to practice them in real life. The findings of the study are discussed with their causes and effects in Turkey. (Contains 5 tables.)
- Published
- 2010
91. Tukey's Paper after 40 Years
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Mallows, Colin
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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92. Studentized Range Graph Paper: A Graphical Tool for the Comparison of Treatment Means
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Feder, Paul I.
- Published
- 1975
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93. A color-coded graphical guide to the Hodgkin and Huxley papers.
- Author
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Hopper, Amy J., Beswick-Jones, Hana, and Brown, Angus M.
- Subjects
- *
BIOPHYSICS , *PHYSIOLOGY education , *NOBEL Prizes , *ACTION potentials , *DATA recorders & recording , *DATA analysis - Abstract
The five papers published by Hodgkin and Huxley in 1952 are seminal works in the field of physiology, earning their authors the Nobel Prize in 1963 and ushering in the era of membrane biophysics. The papers present a considerable challenge to the novice student, but this has been partly allayed by recent publications that have updated the reporting of current and voltage to reflect the modern convention and two books that describe the contents of the papers in detail. A disadvantage is that these guides contain hundreds of pages, requiring considerable time and energy on behalf of the reader. We present a concise guide to the Hodgkin and Huxley papers that includes only essential content, with the data presented in a linear and logical manner. We have color-coded figures for ease of understanding and included boxes that summarize key information for easy reference. It is our expectation that this article will act as an accessible introduction for students to the work of Hodgkin and Huxley and hopefully foster an appreciation for a fascinating story that repays in-depth study. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The Hodgkin and Huxley papers continue to inspire and intimidate, 70 years after their publication. The diverse subjects they cover include advanced experimental procedures, complex data analysis, calculus, and modeling, all of which ensure the papers can present a challenging read. We present a concise guide to the papers that includes only essential content depicted in color-coded graphs, allowing tracking of data from recordings to analysis and incorporation into the model to ease understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
94. The efficacy of appropriate paper-based technology for Kenyan children with cerebral palsy.
- Author
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Barton, Catherine, Buckley, John, Samia, Pauline, Williams, Fiona, Taylor, Suzan R., and Lindoewood, Rachel
- Subjects
- *
PILOT projects , *STATISTICS , *ANALYSIS of variance , *POSTURAL balance , *RESEARCH methodology , *CHILDREN with cerebral palsy , *INTERVIEWING , *POVERTY areas , *FUNCTIONAL assessment , *T-test (Statistics) , *ASSISTIVE technology , *RESEARCH funding , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *STATISTICAL sampling , *DISABILITY chairs , *DATA analysis software , *DATA analysis , *FRIEDMAN test (Statistics) - Abstract
Appropriate paper-based technology (APT) is used to provide postural support for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-resourced settings. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of APT on the children's and families' lives. A convenience sample of children with CP and their families participated. Inclusion was based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V. APT seating or standing frames were provided for six months. A mixed methods impact of APT devices on the children and families included the Family Impact Assistive Technology Scale for Adaptive Seating (FIATS-AS); the Child Engagement in Daily Life (CEDL) questionnaire; and a qualitative assessment from diary/log and semi-structured interviews. Ten children (median 3 years, range 9 months to 7 years). Baseline to follow-up median (IQR) FIATS-AS were: 22.7 (9.3) and 30.3 (10.2), respectively (p=.002). Similarly mean (SD) CEDL scores for "frequency" changed from 30.5 (13.2) to 42.08 (5.96) (p=.021) and children's enjoyment scores from 2.23 (0.93) to 2.91 (0.79) (p=.019). CEDL questionnaire for self-care was not discriminatory; seven families scored zero at both baseline and 6 months. Qualitative interviews revealed three key findings; that APT improved functional ability, involvement/interaction in daily-life situations, and a reduced family burden of care. APT devices used in Kenyan children with non-ambulant CP had a meaningful positive effect on both the children's and their families' lives. Assistive devices are often unobtainable for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low-income countries. APT is a low cost and sustainable solution to make seating and standing devices for disabled children in Kenya. The regular use of a postural support device enhanced the children's motor skills, ability to function and participate in everyday activities, reduced the burden of care for the families and promoted the children's social interaction. The postural support devices were highly valued and utilised by the children and families in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. Blood Clot Dynamics and Fibrinolysis Impairment in Cancer: The Role of Plasma Histones and DNA.
- Author
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Ullah, Matti, Mirshahi, Shahsoltan, Valinattaj Omran, Azadeh, Aldybiat, Iman, Crepaux, Sullyvan, Soria, Jeannette, Contant, Geneviève, Pocard, Marc, and Mirshahi, Massoud
- Subjects
- *
PAPER chromatography , *IN vitro studies , *BLOOD viscosity , *T-test (Statistics) , *DATA analysis , *BLOOD proteins , *BLOOD collection , *RHEOLOGY , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *DNA , *CANCER patients , *FIBRIN fibrinogen degradation products , *TISSUE plasminogen activator , *IN vivo studies , *HISTONES , *CHRONIC diseases , *PERMEABILITY , *FIBRINOLYSIS , *CASE-control method , *FIBRINOGEN , *MEMBRANE glycoproteins , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *STATISTICS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *MICROSCOPY , *DATA analysis software , *TUMORS , *THROMBOSIS , *BIOMARKERS , *CELL receptors , *BLOOD - Abstract
Simple Summary: Blood clots are formed when blood vessels are injured. They help stop bleeding and heal wounds, but can also cause serious problems if they block blood flow or break off and travel to other organs. This study investigates how blood clots differ in people with cancer compared to healthy or non-cancerous individuals. This study found that cancer patients have higher levels of histones in their blood, which make their clots stiffer and resistant to lysis. Further, clots formed in cancer patients have higher viscoelastic properties, and hence are harder to break down. These findings suggest that cancer patients have abnormal clotting properties that may increase their risk of developing thrombosis, and evaluating these properties can be helpful in detecting cancer. Background: Blood viscoelasticity and plasma protein levels can play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. However, the role of histones and DNA in modulating blood clot properties remains to be investigated. This study investigates the differences in blood viscoelasticity and plasma protein levels among cancer patients, individuals with other diseases, and healthy individuals. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 101 participants, including 45 cancer patients, 22 healthy individuals, and 34 individuals with other diseases. Rheological properties of clots formed in vitro by reconstituted elements of fibrinogen or plasma were analyzed with an Anton Paar Rheometer, USA. Plasma protein levels of D-dimer, TPA, EPCR, fibrinogen, and histone H3 were measured through ELISA. Blood clots were formed with or without DNA and histones (H3) by adding thrombin and calcium to plasma samples, and were evaluated for viscoelasticity, permeability, and degradation. Results: Cancer patients show higher blood viscoelasticity and plasma D-dimer levels compared to healthy individuals and individuals with other diseases. Our in vitro analysis showed that the addition of histone to the plasma results in a significant decrease in viscoelasticity and mean fiber thickness of the clot formed thereafter. In parallel studies, using plasma from patients, DNA and histones were detected in fibrin clots and were associated with less degradation by t-PA. Moreover, our results show that the presence of DNA and histones not only increases clots' permeability, but also makes them more prone to degradation. Conclusions: Plasma histones and DNA affect the structure of the clot formed and induce defective fibrinolysis. Moreover, the increased viscoelastic properties of plasma from cancer patients can be used as potential biomarkers in cancer prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
96. [Tukey's Paper after 40 Years]: Discussion
- Author
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Brillinger, David R.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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97. [Tukey's Paper after 40 Years]: Discussion
- Author
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Huber, Peter J.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. [Tukey's Paper after 40 Years]: Discussion
- Author
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Efron, Bradley
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. A bottom-up methodology for long term electricity consumption forecasting of an industrial sector - Application to pulp and paper sector in Brazil.
- Author
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Silva, Felipe L.C., Souza, Reinaldo C., Cyrino Oliveira, Fernando L., Lourenco, Plutarcho M., and Calili, Rodrigo F.
- Subjects
- *
INDUSTRIAL energy consumption , *PAPER industry , *ECONOMIC forecasting , *DATA analysis - Abstract
Long term annual electricity consumption forecasting is very important for country's energy planning. These forecasts are influenced by several factors (political, technological, social, environmental and economic), and brings with itself a high uncertainty degree in its results and difficulties in the evaluation of such factors over them. A methodology that eases to take into account these factors aiming improve the results and help understanding the electricity consumption annual trajectory till the forecast horizon is, therefore, very much useful and desired. So, we propose a modelling structure using the bottom-up approach to cope with these matters and to evaluate the trajectory of long term annual electricity consumption of a sector of the Brazilian industry up to 2050 considering energy efficiency (EE) scenarios. It is important to emphasize that Brazil is a developing country, and to build a bottom-up approach was a challenge, mainly due to the fact that this model is data intensive. In particular, this modelling was applied in the pulp and paper sector. The main goal was to consider technological diffusion scenarios in EE measures, and show the energy savings achieved. The results point an energy savings in the order of 25% when an actual scenario is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. A Biometrics Invited Paper with Discussion. Biostatistical Science as a Discipline: A Look into the Future
- Author
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Zelen, Marvin
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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