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Copyright of World Tensions / Tensões Mundiais is the property of Observatorio das Nacionalidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since its appearance in 2020, Brazil and Mexico have been among the most affected countries in the world by covid-19. Their respective presidents, Jair Bolsonaro and Andrés Manuel López Obrador (known as AMLO), have played a leading role in specific policies during the pandemic. Their choices were both singular and counter- intuitive. On the health front, AMLO initially underplayed the seriousness of the situation, and the Brazilian president, Bolsonaro, defended a frankly negationist attitude, with a dramatic balance sheet, without his popularity being seriously affected. On the economic front, they have chosen policies that contradict not only each other but also their own supposed ideological stances. Bolsonaro, who is ranked on the far right, has implemented an emergency transfer program on a scale comparable to those of developed countries and the most massive the country has ever seen. Conversely, AMLO, considered a progressist, provided just a minimum policy package, maintaining his previous electoral program. By adopting a comparative approach and mobilizing a unique and diversified set of data, the objective of this paper is to explore these apparent contradictions. After having established the precise diagnosis of the policies implemented to deal with the crisis and the economic and health situation in the two countries during the 2020-2022 period, we propose an original interpretation grid of the central role played by the two presidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, despite the fact that international commitments have been assumed and legislation has been passed on the matter, gender inequality in politics persists as it continues to manifest itself in spaces of power and in public decision-making. In the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic, this paper proposes to analyze the designation of the Interim Municipal Councils in comparison with the integration of the Town Halls 2020-2024 of the State of Hidalgo. The research approach is comparative and descriptive. It is concluded that this political event represents a case of gender inequality in politics to the detriment of the historical struggle and political rights of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Paraguaya de Educación is the property of Ministerio de Educacion - Organizacion de Estados Santillana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Quaestio Iuris (QI) is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bovine babesiosis, caused by the protozoan Babesia bigemina, is one of the most important hemoparasite diseases of cattle in Mexico and the world. An attenuated B. bigemina strain maintained under in vitro culture conditions has been used as a live attenuated vaccine; however, the biological mechanisms involved in attenuation are unknown. The objective of this study was to identify, through a comparative transcriptomics approach, the components of the B. bigemina virulent parasites that are differentially expressed in vivo, as opposed to those expressed by B. bigemina attenuated vaccine parasites when inoculated into naïve cattle. The biological material under study was obtained by inoculating spleen-intact cattle with infected erythrocytes containing either the attenuated strain or a virulent field strain. After RNA extraction, transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) was performed, followed by bioinformatic Differential Expression (DE) analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment. The high-throughput sequencing results obtained by analyzing three biological replicates for each parasite strain ranged from 9,504,000 to 9,656,000, and 13,400,000 to 15,750,000 reads for the B. bigemina attenuated and virulent strains, respectively. At least 519 differentially expressed genes were identified in the analyzed strains. In addition, GO analysis revealed both similarities and differences across the three categories: cellular components, biological processes, and molecular functions. The attenuated strain of B. bigemina derived from in vitro culture presents global transcriptomic changes when compared to the virulent strain. Moreover, the obtained data provide insights into the potential molecular mechanisms associated with the attenuation or pathogenicity of each analyzed strain, offering molecular markers that might be associated with virulence or potential vaccine candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very few scales exist that measure violence against women and allow for comparative studies between Mexico and the United States. In this article, we present the results of a validation exercise for just such a scale. The scale was designed using, as a basis, some of the items in the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) and the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA), in an attempt to differentiate among three types of violence: physical, psychological, and sexual. One hundred and twenty women from diverse social groups in each country responded to a questionnaire in which they were asked to consider the severity of each item on a scale from 1 to 100. Factorial analysis confirms that women assign a different average weight to each type of violence. An analysis of variance test confirms that the different groups of women interviewed evaluated each type of violence in a consistent manner. Very reasonable alpha coefficients were obtained. The paper concludes by demonstrating with an example the use of the scale in prediction modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea that discussions about justice ought to offer practical political guidance has gained force in recent years. In this context, Sen's Idea of Justice (2009) aims at fulfilling this role. I assess to what extent Sen's comparative approach to justice succeeds in providing a useful conceptual framework to reduce injustice in practice, as it claims. Using the context of poverty in Mexico, and the social programme Oportunidades/Prospera as illustration, I argue that Sen's approach remains insufficient to guide injustice-reduction actions effectively. First, I note that despite enhancing individual's capabilities, these social improvements have not translated into a more just social reality overall. Second, I associate these shortcomings to the failure of capability-enhancing policies in accounting for the relational reproduction of injustice. Therefore, I conclude that to reduce injustice, we need to broaden the scope of injustice-reduction policies to address the ways in which injustice is reproduced through social interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative caregivers (i.e., someone besides the primary caregiver who also takes care of children) make food choices for children. This study investigated what alternative caregivers consider when making food choices for children and their perspectives on their role in making food choices to feed children. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 alternative caregivers of children aged 1–5 years old in semi-urban and urban areas of the State of Mexico in Mexico. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using constant comparative method. Alternative caregivers described spaces and situations that exposed children to food while under their care. Alternative caregivers who spent longer periods of time with the child described more involvement in what the child ate. Healthy or nutritious food, cost of food and affection for children were important considerations for alternative caregivers when deciding what to feed the child. Alternative caregivers had a substantial role in child feeding, decisions about cooking, and advising mothers on how to feed their children. Efforts to promote healthy food choices for children should include targeting of alternative caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mana (01049313) is the property of Contra Capa Livraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)