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We compiled and analyzed long-term (1961-2005) zooplankton community data in response to environmental variations in Lake Biwa. Environmental data indicate that Lake Biwa had experienced eutrophication (according to total phosphorus concentration) in the late 1960s and recovered to a normal trophic status around 1985, and then exhibited warming since 1990. Total zooplankton abundance showed a significant correlation with total phytoplankton biomass. Following a classic pattern, cladoceran/calanoid and cyclopoid/calanoid abundance ratio was related positively to eutrophication. Zooplankton community exhibited a significant response to the boom and bust of phytoplankton biomass as a consequence of eutrophication-reoligotriphication and warming. Moreover, our analyses suggest that the Lake Biwa ecosystem exhibited a hierarchical response across trophic levels; that is, higher trophic levels may show a more delayed response or no response to eutrophication than lower ones. We tested the hypothesis that phytoplankton community can better explain the variation of zooplankton community than bulk environmental variables, considering that phytoplankton community may directly affects zooplankton succession through predatorprey interactions. Using a variance partition approach, however, we did not find strong evidence to support this hypothesis. We further aggregate zooplankton according to their feeding types (herbivorous, carnivorous, omnivorous, and parasitic) and taxonomic groups, and analyzed the aggregated data. While the pattern remains similar, the results are less clear comparing with the results based on finely resolved data. Our research explored the efficacy of using zooplankton as bio-indicators to environmental changes at various data resolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important branch and application of the Internet of Things (IoT), the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has the characteristics of wide distribution and dynamic connection. The current research on trust measurement and management in IoV, to some degree, solved vehicles reliability and QoS issues, but these models still have some drawbacks, like insufficient adaptability to the dynamic changes of the context. Therefore, this paper proposes an adaptive trust measurement model for IoV based on multidimensional decision-making attributes. The model not only takes full advantage of the central static trust management role of the local organization but also implements a distributed self-governing mechanism to tackle the dynamic trust management issues. In the process of trust management, the model allows vehicles to handle the trust evaluation according to the service preferences, and vehicles can select some or all of the attributes from the multidimensional trust decision attribute list. For the recommendation trust evaluation, vehicles can select those vehicles which have similar service preferences from the vehicle candidate list. When computing the recommendation trust, the recommendation trust dispersion model is used to handle evaluation bias problems. The method of information entropy is introduced to tackle the weight adaptation problem when computing comprehensive trust evaluation. The simulation results and analysis show that the model can detect and recognize the malicious vehicles in the network and mitigate the risk that malicious vehicles provide the service to normal vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from processes of autonomous community organization in Mexico, this paper will interrogate and rethink the borders and boundaries of autonomy. Rather than articulating autonomy as some fully separated space with clearly delineated borders, this paper will show how struggles for autonomy in Mexico are constantly navigating their insides and outsides, organizing and inhabiting the border or boundary space. With this, we can begin to reconceptualize autonomy without state-like borders as something in constant movement. In the same way, we can begin to take seriously the complexities and intricacies of autonomous struggles as they play out in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the interpretation of the Child-Friendly Cities Initiative (CFCI), this paper empirically demonstrates an effective action mechanism for building child-friendly communities in the policy context of multi-party co-construction by taking urban communities in Changsha as a longterm practice base. Through analyzing the characteristics of roles and action mechanisms of participants in three different types of child-friendly communities, namely Fengquan Gujing Community, Xingfuli Community, and Baziqiang Community in Changsha, it finds that social forces, such as the community Party organization, enterprises, universities, social organizations, elementary and secondary schools of the community, and mass organizations, are "participants" in building child-friendly communities and mobilizing residents (including children). In addition, the three necessary conditions for building a child-friendly community are "core guideline," "awareness consensus," and "action coordination." All parties involved need to act together based on one platform, with one party playing a central role in connecting the top and the bottom and integrating resources. Among the three communities which have benefited from Changsha's child-friendly city policy environment, Fengquan Gujing Community stands out in terms of the effectiveness of multi-party co-construction by giving full play to the central role of the community Party organization and the university's role in improving awareness consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of co-creation of public services, which is the essence of this thematic issue of Polish Political Science Review, is part of the current debate on the modernization of the delivery system in the European Union upon Europeanization and globalization. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding of the factors that assist the co-creation in public service delivery and its capabilities on the both conceptual and practical level. The article works towards presenting the perspective in public governance by examining key aspects which make the ecosystem of the co-creation of public services. In addition, it is intended as an introduction to this thematic issue, and it is a basis for a better understanding of topics discussed in individual articles by authors representing the European research community and non-governmental organizations. The authors present, in detail, considerations on both approach-oriented perspectives and empirical findings, which refer to various socio-cultural, political and economic contexts in different regions of the European Union. To achieve the research aim, following research questions were developed: What concepts and approaches refl ect the idea of co-creation of public services in the European Union? Do they impact the institutional practice? Thus, the first part of the article discusses the key concepts and approaches with the aim to provide guidance and a joint understanding, and then introduces the main notions which make up the ecosystem of the co-creation of public services in the European Union understood as a method (citizens' participation), a process (social innovation) and a system (public governance). Th e last part of the article is a refl ection on challenges and limitations as well as stimulants that determine its practicing in changing settings and contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the growing importance of local action to counter violent extremism (CVE), empirical research on the local organization and management of CVE is scarce, especially regarding public administrators' strategic work to translate policies and recommendations into frontline practice. Based mainly on ethnographic data and departing from new institutional theory, the paper refines our understanding of the symbolic, material, and relational work used to translate a diverse flow of ideas into concrete action in diverse institutional settings. Due to the institutional complexity, the cultural skill of the local CVE coordinator is identified as pivotal to successfully legitimizing and implementing CVE efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with changes that have taken place in the organization of state administration from the perspective of administrative justice and its local jurisdiction. To do so, the paper answers the fundamental question of whether the organization of state administration (in terms of the local jurisdiction of administrative authorities) and the organization of administrative courts (also in terms of their local jurisdiction) are related or not. In this context, it is worth considering whether the organization of administrative justice should follow the organization of the public/state administration as such and its trends or even the opposite and whether the two phenomena should not be independent of each other. The paper summarises the issue of the criteria for determining the local jurisdiction of administrative courts, the legal regulation of which has undergone certain developments, similar to the development of the legal regulation of the organization of the state administration. The question is whether any common indicators can be traced. The issue under examination is not only of a purely practical nature, such as the criteria for determining the local jurisdiction of an administrative court. It is related to the overall state of both the state administration and the administrative justice and their organization, and it offers several questions of a more general nature, such as the formal and informal impact of "its" regional court on the administrative authorities within its jurisdiction, the influence of their case law on "local administrative law", the question of the availability of administrative courts, or access to them, as well as their caseload. Overall, the paper discusses whether it is possible to find any relationship or rather consequences, arising from the local jurisdiction of administrative authorities, resulting of course from the form of the organization of the state administration, and the (non)corresponding local jurisdiction of the administrative justice. Possible de lege ferenda considerations in terms of the organization and local jurisdiction of the administrative justice are also mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a commentary to a former paper by Sedwick and Jensen published in this very journal. On the one hand, the commentary praises the paper's urgently needed focus on interorganizational relationships and empirical richness. On the other, the commentary questions habitual path dependence as a theoretically useful concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coalitions of community organizations and labor unions have played a central role in the recent expansion of municipal legislation regarding low-wage work. To date, most studies of community-labor coalitions have focused on their successes in meeting policy goals set by organized labor. This paper shifts focus to the challenges community organizations encounter when they participate in union-led campaigns. Analyzing survey data from a national study of community organizations, we show that collaborating with unions can inhibit community organizations' resource-intensive strategies, local-level organizing, and mobilizing capacity. Using data from fieldwork with community-labor coalitions in Chicago, St. Louis, and Denver, we then explore three strategies community organizations use to mitigate these downsides: shaping campaigns, rationing participation, and not participating. Each strategy has distinct benefits and drawbacks. Regardless of the strategy community organizations adopt, our analysis shows that the experience of participating in union-led campaigns leads community organizations to reexamine their approaches to organizing, movement building, and public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pre-big data era, many traditional databases supported spatial queries via spatial indexes. However, modern applications are seeing a rapid increase of the volume and ingestion rate of spatial data. Log-structured Merge (LSM) tree is used by many big data systems as their storage structure in order to support write-intensive large-volume workloads, which are usually only optimized for single-dimensional data. Research has studied how spatial indexes can be supported on LSM systems, but focused mainly on the local index organization, that is, how data is organized inside a single LSM component. This paper studies various aspects of LSM spatial indexing, including spatial merge policies, which determine when and how spatial components are merged. Three stack-based and one leveled merge policies have been studied, which have been implemented on a common big data system Apache AsterixDB. The write and read performance on various workloads is evaluated, and our findings and recommendations are discussed. A key finding is that Leveled policies underperform other stack-based merge policies for most types of spatial workloads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of online hate speech in sports is a growing concern, with fans, players and officials subject to racist, sexist and homophobic abuse (in addition to many other prejudices) via social media platforms. While hate speech and discrimination have always been problems in sports, the growth of social media has seen them exacerbated exponentially. As a consequence, policy makers, sport governing bodies and grassroots anti-hate organisations are largely left playing catch-up with the rapidly shifting realm of online hate. Scholars have attempted to fill this vacuum with research into this topic, but such is the evolving nature of the issue that research has been diverse and fragmentary. We offer a scoping review into the scholarship of online hate in sport in order to encourage and facilitate further research into this urgent issue. Our review will achieve this through offering a comprehensive cataloguing of previously employed methodologies, case studies and conclusions. In doing so, it will not only equip future researchers with a concise overview of existing research in the field, but also illuminate areas and approaches in need of further examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how non-profit organizations that engage in advocacy gain their legitimacy in the eyes of their target group of vulnerable citizens. The existing body of literature shows that these organizations are challenged in their pursuit of citizen legitimacy, defined as the extent to which their constituent target group perceives the organization as justified, accepted, and appropriate. This paper draws on the results of qualitative research in government-funded non-profit community work organizations that develop advocacy activities to influence policymakers. We interviewed community workers and their target group of citizens in four community centers in Flanders, the northern region of Belgium. We show that community workers engage in practices to enhance both the input and throughput legitimacy of their advocacy activities. More specifically, they construct safe spaces through informality, ensure proximity by taking care of individual needs, and collectivize individual needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of accommodation of Islam in Spain is based on the Constitution of 1978, which guarantees the freedom of religion. Regarding Islam, the Cooperation Agreement signed in 1992 between the State and the Islamic Commission of Spain brought with it a formal recognition of the practice of the Islamic faith. Thirty years later, the sole interlocutor appointed by the State seems to be ineffective in the pursuance of compliance with Islamic religious rights. In various regions other actors have engaged in claims-making for rights that include, among others, the access to cemetery space for Islamic burials and Islamic religious education and halal food in publicly funded schools. This paper explores the governance of Islam and Muslims in Spain by presenting a case in which a number of grassroots organizations in the northern region of La Rioja have combined their efforts to achieve compliance with the religious rights they were granted decades ago. Through claims-making outside the institutionalized structure of interlocution with the State, they are contesting the external and internal top-down governance of Islam in Spain. Based on empirical data, we analyzed the nature of their claims, the varied ways of responding to specific practices of governance, as well as the spaces in which this claims-making takes place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bais Yaakov school network represents an unusual phenomenon: a school system with strong transnational tendencies. Founded in 1917 in Poland, it developed rapidly there in the interwar period; in the 1930s, it also struck roots first in Mandate Palestine and then in North America. The Bais Yaakov network of schools, which flourishes today, tells a story of sustainability over time and space. This paper presents historical analysis and social network analysis (SNA) of the early years of the Bais Yaakov network, analyzing Hebrew press newspaper articles published between 1930 and 1948 to demonstrate how a number of key leaders in the schools' administration played a crucial role in developing the network. This network involved not only the schools themselves, but also religious advocacy and government relations. Key actors leveraged their brokering power with these larger organizations in order to expand the network in Poland and the Land of Israel. The organizational affiliations of key actors thus shed light on the place of Bais Yaakov within a larger network of community organizations: in both locations, these leaders usually held a double role as educators as well as important community figures within the broader Orthodox Jewish context. These findings suggest that the sustainability of transnational networks depends on strong leaders who are involved within the network to promote its specific global identity but who are also active and powerful in the local peripheries, amplifying network visibility within local and broader communities and maintaining beneficial connections with local governmental authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology / Shehui is the property of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity. Much of the current disaster literature adopts a social vulnerability perspective, which considers how political, social, and economic factors influence pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster recovery. Even with this focus, however, there remains a dearth of literature on immigrant populations and their long-term recovery trajectories. This paper applies a racial formation framework to a disaster context. I seek to show how service providers from community-based organizations (CBOs) navigate racialized anti-immigrant disaster recovery policies to help the Mexican immigrant community in Houston, Texas with their long-term housing recovery after Hurricane Harvey. I conducted semi-structured interviews and ethnographic observations with service providers from CBOs located in Houston that serve this population with post-disaster housing. I argue that the disaster recovery system is comprised of racial structures and racialized anti-immigrant policies, passively and actively limiting the access to resources for the Mexican immigrant community. I found that to challenge the racial structures and racialized anti-immigrant policies of the disaster recovery system, service providers assist the community through direct assistance to Mexican immigrants excluded from other programs; collaboration with other organizations to combine limited resources; helping the community navigate racialized anti-immigrant bureaucracy; and building trust by embedding themselves in the victimized community. However, findings also show that these organizations face significant challenges in conducting their work. This research brings a much-needed theoretical expansion of race and racialization theories to disaster research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a network of robots working in a specific environment, relative localization among robots is the basis for accomplishing various upper-level tasks. To avoid the latency and fragility of long-range or multi-hop communication, distributed relative localization algorithms, in which robots take local measurements and calculate localizations and poses relative to their neighbors distributively, are highly desired. Distributed relative localization has the advantages of a low communication burden and better system robustness but encounters challenges in the distributed algorithm design, communication protocol design, local network organization, etc. This paper presents a detailed survey of the key methodologies designed for distributed relative localization for robot networks. We classify the distributed localization algorithms regarding to the types of measurements, i.e., distance-based, bearing-based, and multiple-measurement-fusion-based. The detailed design methodologies, advantages, drawbacks, and application scenarios of different distributed localization algorithms are introduced and summarized. Then, the research works that support distributed localization, including local network organization, communication efficiency, and the robustness of distributed localization algorithms, are surveyed. Finally, popular simulation platforms are summarized and compared in order to facilitate future research and experiments on distributed relative localization algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Creating strong partnerships with community organizations is essential to test implementation of evidence-based interventions. However, partners are often chosen based on convenience rather than capacity or diversity. Streamlined processes are needed to identify qualified, diverse, and invested partners to conduct community-based research. Objectives: There is a gap in the literature on effective and efficient processes for recruiting partners. This paper aims to fill that gap by describing a novel approach for identifying a diverse group of community organizations to participate in research. Methods: We used a Request for Partners (RFP) approach to recruit partners to participate in a hybrid implementation-effectiveness study of the Veggie Van mobile market model. The process included formative work to inform RFP development, creation of an external advisory committee, an intent-to-apply round, a full application round, and an inperson training and selection process. Data was collected to characterize applicant size, location, and experience; pre-post surveys were conducted to understand the training's utility. Results: We received 59 intent-to-apply submissions and invited 28 organizations to apply: 17 submitted applications and 12 organizations were chosen as finalists. The process took approximately 8 months to recruit 9 organizations and 32 community sites across 5 states and increased understanding of the intervention and partner responsibilities. Conclusions: An RFP process is familiar to many community organizations that compete for grant funding but may not have prior research experience. This process streamlined recruitment timelines, increased diversity, and cultivated community among organizations. It may also improve research transparency, study completion, and intervention fidelity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical discussion of the Arts-Based Community Engagement (ABCE) Model and to discuss the applicability of this model to the process of new product development in nonprofit cultural organizations. Due to the subjective feature of arts products, nonprofit cultural organizations previously developed their products based on a producer perspective. However, the traditional new product development approaches do not reflect consumer needs. This paper introduces a model to initiate a paradigm shift that addresses consumer wants in new product development for nonprofit cultural organizations. Based on consumer needs, the ABCE model places social issues at its core to embrace current concerns in the community. The goal of ABCE is to pursue mutual benefits for both nonprofit cultural organizations and their communities in order to provide social benefits for the greater public. This model also suggests a systematic process for developing new products to sustain nonprofit cultural organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing appreciation of the importance of early learning experiences for children's healthy development, attention to the cultivation and maintenance of a qualified workforce has steadily increased. Such a workforce must have not just the knowledge and skills related to child development and early learning, but also be linguistically and culturally prepared to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse child and family population. To ensure a highly qualified workforce, programs and policymakers must attend to both the "pipeline" through which new early childhood educators (ECEs) enter the workforce and the "pathways" by which ECEs work toward and obtain the necessary education and credentials for different roles within the field. In line with the aims of this special issue, this paper leverages the first‐person account style to describe barriers to and creative solutions for the development of practitioners in low‐resourced communities in Chicago, with the goal of informing practice and policy. We describe three prior and ongoing partnership programs between community‐based organizations and institutions of higher education, each tailored to support a unique population in the ECE pipeline on the pathway for increased educational attainment and credentialing. Each program is grounded in a specific community of Chicago, a diverse city with a sizable population of children raised in non‐English speaking homes. Each program addresses specific needs of the communities they serve, especially around the recruitment, retention, and promotion of bilingual ECEs. Program administrators and community members describe each programs' goals, development, and key components unique to their target population as well as key takeaways. We conclude with an overview of critical components that we identified across these programs in order to create pathways for change within the workforce and the communities they serve. Highlights: There is a national shortage of high‐quality early childhood educators.The workforce pipeline must be expanded to increase cultural and linguistic preparedness.This paper highlights three Chicago‐based partnerships to increase workforce skill and diversity.Each "grow‐your‐own" program is designed to meet the specific needs of the communities they serve.These community‐responsive examples can inform national conversation about workforce development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the transformative role of critical feminist pedagogy as it applies to global experiential learning. I argue that a feminist approach to global education challenges racialized, neoliberal, and colonizing dimensions of higher education. Global experiential learning provides the basis for an interactive or relational form of critical feminist pedagogy within cross-cultural and transnational communities. The methodology for this research is grounded in decolonizing and feminist pedagogies that address multiple levels of engagement within the education process and among students, faculty, and communities. This discussion demonstrates how critical feminist pedagogy effectively addresses societal issues concerning power, privilege, and knowledge production that are evident in the context of rising populism and nativism in the U.S. The analysis in this paper includes a case study of a global experiential learning program in which university students worked with community-based organizations in rural Tanzania. Their pre-departure orientation, assignments, field-based learning, and overall experiences are examined in light of this pedagogical approach. In sum, this pedagogical analysis demonstrates how transnational and feminist practices provide effective ways to construct decolonizing engagement and community-based learning in global education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978, countries have varied in their progress towards establishing and sustaining comprehensive primary health care (PHC) and realizing its associated vision of 'Health for All'. International health emergencies such as the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic underscore the importance of PHC in underpinning health equity, including via access to routine essential services and emergency responsiveness. This review synthesizes the current state of knowledge about PHC impacts, implementation enablers and barriers, and knowledge gaps across the three main PHC components as conceptualized in the 2018 Astana Framework. A scoping review design was adopted to summarize evidence from a diverse body of literature with a modification to accommodate four discrete phases of searching, screening and eligibility assessment: a database search in PubMed for PHC-related literature reviews and multi-country analyses (Phase 1); a website search for key global PHC synthesis reports (Phase 2); targeted searches for peer-reviewed literature relating to specific components of PHC (Phase 3) and searches for emerging insights relating to PHC in the COVID-19 context (Phase 4). Evidence from 96 included papers were analysed across deductive themes corresponding to the three main components of PHC. Findings affirm that investments in PHC improve equity and access, healthcare performance, accountability of health systems and health outcomes. Key enablers of PHC implementation include equity-informed financing models, health system and governance frameworks that differentiate multi-sectoral PHC from more discrete service-focussed primary care, and governance mechanisms that strengthen linkages between policymakers, civil society, non-governmental organizations, community-based organizations and private sector entities. Although knowledge about, and experience in, PHC implementation continues to grow, critical knowledge gaps are evident, particularly relating to country-level, context-specific governance, financing, workforce, accountability and service coordination mechanisms. An agenda to guide future country-specific PHC research is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing local self-government issues is particularly complex. Having in mind that local self-government is one complex and specific system of organization of powers on a local level, its analysis should be done from different aspects, covering a large number of issues. Local self-government synthesizes a wealth of different systems, forms, normative solutions and principles. Hence this paper will determine and analyze the basic features of local self-government. This will enable the differentiation of the local self-government from the categories of decentralization and deconcentration. This paper also elaborates the system of local self-government in the Republic of North Macedonia, with special reference to the normative framework and the positive law, as well as the issues of local self-government authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: This paper describes Rainier Beach: A Beautiful Safe Place for Youth (ABSPY), a community‐led, place‐based, data‐driven initiative to improve community safety and reduce crime involving young people at hot spots in Seattle, Washington. The ABSPY model puts crime prevention into the hands of the community, compared to traditional problem‐solving approaches that may involve community stakeholders but are led by the police. We evaluated the initiative using a quasi‐experimental research design comparing the five hot spots in the Rainier Beach neighborhood, where ABSPY was implemented, to five similarly situated hot spots elsewhere in the city. We used 9 years of police calls for service and offense reports, from 2011 to 2019, to assess ABSPY's effects on crime and a five‐wave community survey conducted pre‐ and 4 years post‐implementation to examine community perceptions. Although there were no significant effects on calls for service or crime, ABSPY significantly improved community members' perceptions of serious crime and the police in the short and medium term. Policy Implications: Our results show positive changes in community perceptions that offer a foundation for relationship and capacity building in problem‐solving efforts. Although ABSPY is not associated with reductions in crime, our results suggest that even communities with entrenched crime problems can leverage this capacity to reduce crime in the longer term. Community coalitions also offer some benefits relative to police‐led efforts, such as shared culture and values; stability; and consistency. However, community coalitions must build capacity for action as well as community engagement, and consider if and how the police should be involved, ensuring that the specific expertise of each coalition member is leveraged. Furthermore, our study highlights the importance of identifying measures of crime that are not affected by increased trust and collaboration between the police and the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim s : Ecological theories predict that assembly processes are driven by two deterministic forces: environmental filtering and limiting similarity. Their relative importance under different environmental conditions is still not completely obvious. Therefore, in this paper the predictions of the stress–dominance hypothesis (SDH) are tested in several sites. Location: Kiskunság in Hungary, and Deliblato Sands in Serbia, Central Europe. Methods: We studied a productivity gradient from open sand grasslands to meadows. The cover of species was estimated visually in plots with a size of 2 m × 2 m, resulting in 344 vegetation plots. Four trait values (height, seed mass, specific leaf area, and leaf size) were collected from field measurements and databases. The weighted median of interspecies distances in traits (a robust alternative to Rao's quadratic entropy) was used to determine functional diversity. The convergence and divergence of each trait in communities were evaluated by randomization tests, and effect sizes were calculated for each plot. We used hierarchical general additive models (HGAM) to determine whether the trend of effect sizes along the productivity gradient is the same in different sites. Results: The HGAM approach indicated that trait variations follow global trends but are influenced by site‐specific effects. The exception is seed mass, whose variation did not have any trend. Both environmental filtering and limiting similarity exist in the communities, and mainly a shift from trait convergence to a divergence pattern along the productivity gradient was observed. Conclusion: The results are mainly congruent with theoretical expectations, but the results from the different sites did not lead to the same conclusion. Although traits follow a global trend, the site effect is not negligible. Critical evaluation of SDH using trait convergence/divergence patterns for exploring rules of community assembly points out the weaknesses of this hypothesis. Therefore, alternative ways of studying trait patterns should be found to better understand community organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we take stock of the current state of People Analytics and identify ways to increase business impact. We suggest a fourth wave of people analytics, which focuses on impact in MY company, not compared to someone else (benchmarking, reporting), not just mimicking someone else (best practice), and not being enamored with the research methodologies (predictive analytics). This pivots people analytics towards answering questions of value to your key stakeholders (employees, senior management and boards inside and investors, customers and communities outside the organization) instead of questions mostly relevant to HR professionals or regulators. We outline a guidance framework for how people analytics can help shape practical solutions for your company to outperform in areas relevant for you. We argue a focus on guidance will amplify the business impact of people analytics, making it more relevant for management actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality community detection for large-scale complex networks usually depends on the topology of the graph, which used to divide the node set. However, real-world networks usually have noisy and cluster-independent links, which may cause the model to divide the nodes from different clusters together. This paper proposed a algorithm called graph reconstruction based community detection (GRCD). This method could handle community detection in large-scale complex networks. GRCD firstly deleted the connected edges between communities to reconstruct the community structure of the original graph. Subsequently, GRCD regarded the network as a social system, aiming to reveal the community in a more intuitive way. This paper proposed an efficient community detection strategy : a community organization generation strategy based on discourse power. Extensive experiments were performed on datasets of different sizes. The results show that GRCD can not only deal with large-scale networks, but also has strong competitiveness in the quality of its community division compared with several existing benchmark algorithms while maintaining high stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A decade ago an exploration of civil society in South Africa, Tajikistan and Argentina highlighted its role in supporting democratization. Despite continuing global autocratic trends since then, South Africa and Argentina have remained vibrant democracies with strong civil societies. Tajikistan, in contrast, remains autocratic, and civil society has apparently weakened in recent years. However, at the grassroots level a combination of traditional grassroots organizations and Internet organizing provides a more complex picture of the relationships between local participation, ties with other civil society organizations, democratization and development. The purpose of this paper is to highlight both these relationships and the contrast between local democratization and national autocracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban flood risk communication continues to challenge governments. Community-based organizations (CBOs) aim to rapidly detect deficiencies in capacity to deal with flood risk in vulnerable communities and disseminate accessible risk information to assist in the selection and implementation of risk mitigation measures. This paper discusses the methods through which CBO members think their work is beneficial in the response to urban floods. Grounded theory is utilized to guide a mixed-method approach that included semistructured interviews with CBO members (N = 34), participatory observations, and policy document analysis. The findings show that localization of risk knowledge and the emergence of new social networks are important factors in flood risk communication in vulnerable communities. This discovery may highlight the varied aspects of creating community resilience and explain why traditional risk communication is currently unsuccessful. Our findings also shed light on the priorities associated with urban flood risk communication. Only by linking flood risk management to actual livelihoods can we ensure the smooth execution of relevant disaster mitigation measures, especially for vulnerable groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The CO‐CREATE project aims to collaborate with adolescents across Europe in developing policy ideas that contribute to overweight and obesity prevention. In this paper, we present the theoretical basis and methodological approach to recruitment and engagement in the project. The principles of youth‐led participatory action research were employed to design Youth Alliances in which adolescents and adults could collaborate. These Alliances should serve to promote and support adolescent participation and to develop policy ideas that would contribute to obesity prevention. Alliance members were recruited in two local geographical areas per country with a focus on reaching out to underrepresented youth. We started with fieldwork to assess locally relevant forms of inclusion and exclusion. The methodology entailed a handbook combining existing tools which could be used flexibly, a collaborative organization, and budgets for the alliances. Engagement started in local organizations, that is, schools and scouts, and with peers. Health‐ and overweight‐related challenges were addressed in their immediate surroundings and supported the inclusion of experiential knowledge. Adolescents were then supported to address the wider obesogenic system when designing policy ideas. The CO‐CREATE Alliances provide a concrete example of how to engage youth in public health, in a manner that strives to be participatory, transformative, and inquiry based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper clarifies the changes in kampungs and their houses (rumah kampungs) over the past 35 years based on field surveys of three kampungs in Surabaya, Indonesia, conducted in 1983/84, 2006, and 2016–2018. The major objective is to develop new policies for the Kampung Improvement Program (KIP) and public housing. The main finding is that most of the kampungs have maintained their basic spatial structure and community organization, although the houses themselves have been transformed. Thus, kampungs in Surabaya continue to maintain their unique characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geographical Sciences (0286-4886) is the property of Japanese Society for Geographical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Sociologia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we review and synthesize the growing sociology-informed literature on organizational memory studies, which focuses on collective memory as a social construction of the past. To organize this literature, we present an ecological view of collective memory. Organizations, from this perspective, are conceived of as both constituted by a variety of mnemonic communities and, simultaneously, part of a broader ecology of mnemonic communities.We use this framework to guide our reviewof the various forms of memory work within and between mnemonic communities. Our review shows that much of the sociologically informed research has focused on memory work within communities. We also identify an emerging interest in the study of memory work between communities. In conclusion, we discuss possible future directions and outline a threepoint agenda for future research that calls for a better understanding of the relational dynamics of memory with a focus on the organizing of memory, the embeddedness of memorywork, and the construction of experiences of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mexican-origin adults living near the U.S.-Mexico border experience unique and pervasive social and ecological stressors, including poverty, perceived discrimination, and environmental hazards, potentially contributing to the high burden of chronic disease. However, there is also evidence that residents in high-density Mexican-origin neighborhoods exhibit lower prevalence rates of disease and related mortality than those living in other areas. Understanding the factors that contribute to health resiliencies at the community scale is essential to informing the effective design of health promotion strategies. Methods: La Vida en la Frontera is a mixed-methods participatory study linking a multi-disciplinary University of Arizona research team with Campesinos Sin Fronteras, a community-based organization founded by community health workers in San Luis, Arizona. This paper describes the current protocol for aims 2 and 3 of this multi-faceted investigation. In aim 2 a cohort of N≈300 will be recruited using door-to-door sampling of neighborhoods in San Luis and Somerton, AZ. Participants will be surveyed and undergo biomarker assessments for indicators of health and chronic stress at three time points across a year length. A subset of this cohort will be invited to participate in aim 3 where they will be interviewed to further understand mechanisms of resilience and wellbeing. Discussion: This study examines objective and subjective mechanisms of the relationship between stress and health in an ecologically diverse rural community over an extended timeframe and illuminates health disparities affecting residents of this medically underserved community. Findings from this investigation directly impact the participants and community through deepening our understanding of the linkages between individual and community level stress and chronic disease risk. This innovative study utilizes a comprehensive methodology to investigate pathways of stress and chronic disease risk present at individual and community levels. We address multiple public health issues including chronic disease and mental illness risk, health related disparities among Mexican-origin people, and health protective mechanisms and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how local firms' structure of human capital and R&D strategies influence their absorption of FDI knowledge spillovers. Using a unique dataset of Chinese firms in Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park from 2009 to 2015, our panel endogenous threshold models confirm two thresholds for human capital diversity and one threshold for R&D diversity in facilitating FDI spillovers. When human capital diversity is below its second threshold, FDI presence positively influences local firms' innovation performance; while above the second threshold, the FDI turns to an insignificant impact. Besides, when R&D diversity is below its single threshold, FDI spillovers are positively associated with local firms' innovation; otherwise, the effect of FDI is insignificantly negative. Our findings highlight the importance of human capital and R&D structures in local firms' absorptive capacity. Local organizations need to keep diversifying their human capital and R&D strategies to learn from FDI knowledge but avoid allocating their efforts evenly upon sub-categories within the two resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Black and Latina Transgender women face systemic marginalization and harm, increasing vulnerability to social stress and poor health outcomes. These communities have limited access to resources to mobilize and create paths toward health equity. Objectives: In this paper we report on the results of a community partnership to engage Black and Latina transgender communities on the South and West Sides of Chicago and establish service priorities for collective empowerment. Methods: The Trans Accountability Project (TAP), a steering committee of racially diverse transgender and nonbinary representatives from four partner organizations, was established and led the design, recruitment, implementation, and analysis of a community needs assessment. World café and human-centered design methods, guided two community conversations/listening sessions around four activities: the perfect provider, my dream job, safety planning, and a stake-holder reflection. Results: Sixty-three participants completed three activities and envisioned innovations for 1) accessible and holistic gender-affirming health care, 2) autonomous, flexible, and community-focused jobs in the arts, nonprofit/business, and care professions, and 3) safer social interactions and spaces. Ten stakeholders attended to listen and inform their organizational and clinical practices to empower Black and Latina transgender women. Conclusions: TAP prioritized accountability, connectedness, and centering the voices of Black and Latina transgender women as a starting point to intervene upon structural marginalization. Five insights emerged and have directed TAP's focus toward employment and collective care. Although further structural change remains a priority, TAP represents a mechanism for sharing power, improving communication and collaboration, and increasing transparency across relevant Chicago community-based organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to provide a framework to guide tourism and hospitality businesses, tourism organizations and their communities to collaboratively develop a proactive, capabilities-based continuity plan for disaster or crisis. The framework provided incorporates the existing research and existing business continuity standards to provide actionable steps building community resilience and disaster preparedness. This plan offers the stakeholders a roadmap to adapt when faced with disaster and persist in the pursuit of a strong tourism and hospitality industry. Design/methodology/approach: A summary of the key literature is presented alongside international guidance for developing business continuity plans. Incorporating the literature and business continuity standards, this framework offers actionable steps that stakeholders can take to develop preparedness plans for their business, organization and/or community that support disaster resilience for the tourism and hospitality industry. Findings: The majority of tourism and hospitality businesses are micro-, small- and medium-sized businesses that often lack the capabilities and resources to dedicate to disaster preparedness planning. The available research offers important and meaningful data, yet also finds that businesses fail to plan. The available literature that guides tourism and hospitality businesses to move to action in preparing for disaster is sparse. Originality/value: This paper brings together theoretical research literature with existing business continuity best practices to create a new framework specifically designed for the tourism and hospitality industry. The result is a practical roadmap to guide stakeholders to build community resilience that benefits tourism and hospitality businesses, tourism organizations and the wider community to build resilience, shorten recovery times and sustain a strong industry/community despite disaster. It will be of value to practitioners, researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders involved in the travel and tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased investment in rural water supply development in the last decade by both Government and development partners has not resulted in the desired levels of service anticipated. Access to safe water is a basic human need necessary for both the wellbeing and social economic development of populations living in rural Kenya. In spite of efforts to increase access, many rural water supplies completed have either stopped operating or are not operating optimally. This has resulted in loss of service to populations living in the rural areas of Kenya. Many of the dysfunctional water sources are operated and managed by community based organizations such as Community Water and Sanitation (WASH) Committees, Water User Associations or Women groups WELL. Monitoring, evaluation and review are the mortar that holds the building blocks for sustainability together and ensure the integration of the different sustainability factors. Monitoring is an ongoing process that should cover all levels of operation (from national governments to communities) and all aspects of rural water supply programmes (e.g. policy, institutions, finances, technology and O&M). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how social movement organizations shift scale through the case of the immigrant rights movement. This was largely a local movement for the first decades of its existence. However, in the late 1990s, repressive federal policies increased the salience of national politics for many organizations. While recognizing the importance of national politics, many organizations remained mostly engaged in local politics for nearly a decade. The aim of this paper is to examine why immigrant rights organizations stayed local for so long after the threat shifted to the federal level and why they actually shifted to the national scale when they did. It does so by focusing on the case of Los Angeles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China's socio-economic development is entering into a transitioning era, urban residents' demands are becoming more diversified, complicated, and fragmented. Ought to address issues regarding community environmental renovation, infrastructure and facilities constructions, and efficient public service supplies, measures should be adopted to adjust the urban community governance model in China to face emergent challenges. Against this background, this paper argues that the "participating actors," "community management and organization framework," "related laws, regulations, and policies," and "resources allocation and management" are the four crucial dimensions in urban community governance. We then adopted these four underpinnings as the theoretical framework to unravel the complex dynamics of community governance in contemporary urban China. This paper argues that the current community governance system falls short in accommodating the growing demands of community development due to "ambiguity of participating actors," "excessive administrative intervention on community management," "insufficient legislation supports," and a "deficiency in financing management system." Therefore, this paper argues that through the pluralization of public participation, diversification of community organization modes, and the enhancement of participation accessibility, community governance performance in urban China could be drastically improved. Therefore, a pluralistic and participatory community governance model is proposed in this paper to provide additional policy implications for community governance in urban China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]