27 results
Search Results
2. Appropriate Implementation of Severity Ratings, Regulations, and State Guidance: A Response to 'Using Norm-Referenced Tests to Determine Severity of Language Impairment in Children: Disconnect between U.S. Policy Makers and Test Developers' by Spaulding, Szulga, & Figueria (2012)
- Author
-
Ireland, Marie, Hall-Mills, Shannon, and Millikin, Cindy
- Abstract
In this response to Spaulding et al.'s examination of state education agency (SEA) guidance on severity ratings, these authors contend that Spaulding et al. provided an incomplete view of current practices in public schools. These authors state that, ultimately, school speech-language pathologists (SLPs) must follow all state regulations and local policies and procedures, and also should be aware of nonbinding guidance available to assist members of the individualized education program (IEP) team in making a determination of need for services regardless of any severity rating. These authors agree that: (1) the work of Spaulding et al. (2012) provides important information on standardized test use and an overview of differences in state severity rating models; (2) the information regarding the appropriate use of standardized tests of language skills is a critical first step toward the body of work required for development of assessment tools and techniques that are functional; and (3) that due to limited guidance offered by both ASHA and the research literature, school-based clinicians may turn to their state education department to identify recommended procedures. However, they suggest that further discussion is needed at the national, state, and local level to address issues such as standardization samples that do not include students with language impairments. In addition, the difference between a test designed to determine presence of impairment versus degree of severity should be examined, and research in the speech-language pathology field should continue to examine existing evaluation tools and focus on the development of new assessment methods that can be used by school-based SLPs. Finally, these authors state that functional, scalable, and evidence-based assessment and treatment practices in the literature are needed so that those working in SEAs and LEAs can develop evidence-based guidance and state policies that advance the practice of SLPs in the school setting.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Promising Practices and Strategies for Using Trauma-Informed Child Welfare Practice to Improve Foster Care Placement Stability: A Breakthrough Series Collaborative
- Author
-
Conradi, Lisa, Agosti, Jen, Tullberg, Erika, Richardson, Lisa, Langan, Heather, Ko, Susan, and Wilson, Charles
- Abstract
This paper will provide information on a recent Breakthrough Series Collaborative (BSC) conducted by the National Child Traumatic Stress Network on Using Trauma-Informed Child Welfare Practice to Improve Foster Care Placement Stability. Information on this particular BSC will be provided, followed by initial findings gathered from an evaluation of the BSC and metrics gathered by each of the nine participating teams throughout the BSC process. Specific trauma-informed promising strategies adopted by teams are presented along with recommendations for next steps. (Contains 1 table.)
- Published
- 2011
4. Using Standardized Diagnostic Instruments to Classify Children with Autism in the Study to Explore Early Development.
- Author
-
Wiggins, Lisa, Reynolds, Ann, Rice, Catherine, Moody, Eric, Bernal, Pilar, Blaskey, Lisa, Rosenberg, Steven, Lee, Li-Ching, and Levy, Susan
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of autism ,ALGORITHMS ,AUTISM ,CHILD development ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,PHENOTYPES ,CASE-control method ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHILDREN ,CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) is a multi-site case-control study designed to explore the relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) phenotypes and etiologies. The goals of this paper are to (1) describe the SEED algorithm that uses the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) to classify children with ASD, (2) examine psychometric properties of different ASD classification methods, including the SEED method that incorporates rules for resolving ADI-R and ADOS discordance, and (3) determine whether restricted interests and repetitive behaviors were noted for children who had instrument discordance resolved using ADI-R social and communication scores. Results support the utility of SEED criteria when well-defined groups of children are an important clinical or research outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Initial Evaluation Practices to Identify Young Children's Social Emotional Difficulties.
- Author
-
Stein, Rachel and Steed, Elizabeth A.
- Subjects
SPECIAL education ,BEHAVIOR disorders in children ,BEHAVIOR disorders ,SPECIAL education schools ,SURVEYS ,AFFECTIVE disorders ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,SOCIAL disabilities ,EARLY medical intervention ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,CHILDREN - Abstract
For young children with significant social emotional difficulties, early identification and intervention can mitigate later challenges. Early social emotional difficulties may indicate an early mental health condition, developmental delays, or educational disabilities. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) includes provisions for finding and supporting young children with delays or disabilities associated with social emotional needs. Yet, few young children are identified and connected to services, suggesting identification challenges. We used survey methodology to learn about social emotional evaluation practices used by Child Find teams in Colorado for children evaluated for early intervention and preschool special education eligibility. Results suggested that Child Find professionals relied heavily on observations, parent report, and teacher/caregiver input when determining social emotional eligibility. Fewer providers used standardized screening and validated social emotional tools. While most providers made decisions aligned with Colorado eligibility, others appeared to misunderstand the criteria. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Identifying the Impact of Incarceration on Parenting: An Examination of Incarcerated Parents' Perceptions in the "Reading for a Change" Program in Colorado.
- Author
-
Ward, Kyle C., Shrake, MacKenzie, Candelaria, Rachel, Lloyd, Casey, and Qualkenbush, Samantha
- Subjects
PARENT attitudes ,PARENTING ,IMPRISONMENT ,CHILD psychology ,FAMILIES ,PARENTS ,THEMATIC analysis ,PARENT-child relationships - Abstract
This study examines the relationship between incarcerated parents and their children. A total of 110 participants in the "Reading for a Change" program at three Colorado correctional facilities were recruited. Using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, incarcerated parents were asked about their relationships with their children and the impact incarceration has had on their families. Results indicated considerable barriers to visits, high costs of keeping in touch, significant impacts on the family at home, strained financial support, and important reported changes in children's behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Cortisol reactivity in preschoolers at home and child care: Effects of setting in eliciting a normative stress response by child race/ethnicity.
- Author
-
Dominguez, Amy, Mendoza, Marina, Badanes, Lisa, Dmitrieva, Julia, and Watamura, Sarah Enos
- Subjects
SALIVA analysis ,HOME environment ,CHILD care ,RACE ,EXPERIENCE ,PATIENT monitoring ,ETHNIC groups ,HYDROCORTISONE ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Developmental programming of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is theorized as a mechanism through which early life experiences are linked to later health outcomes. Despite the importance of understanding early stress responses, reliably eliciting stress responses in young children can be challenging. The current study measured salivary cortisol reactivity in a diverse sample of preschoolers. A standardized challenge paradigm was administered at home and at child care for each child, allowing for comparison of normative cortisol reactivity between settings. Results demonstrated that administration at home was associated with significant cortisol reactivity, while administration at child care was not. In comparison to white children, racially and ethnically diverse children exhibited lower cortisol reactivity in response to the home stressor. Results suggest that home‐based stress paradigms may be particularly effective at eliciting a stress response in this age range. Possible interpretations of differences by child race/ethnicity are discussed. Highlights: Differential physiological responses to stress examined between home and childcare environments for a diverse sample of preschoolers.Significant cortisol reactivity was elicited at home but not at childcare, suggesting that home visits create a novel, naturalistic stressor for young children.Latinx and non‐Latinx minority children exhibited lower physiological reactivity in comparison to white children – cultural and methodological considerations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Description of Enteropathic Escherichia coli Species in Pediatric Patients at a Quaternary Children's Hospital.
- Author
-
Nycz, Bryan T, Pretty, Kristin, Gomez-Trujillo, Angel, Sanchez, Brenda, and Dominguez, Samuel R
- Subjects
ABDOMINAL pain ,CHILDREN'S hospitals ,DIARRHEA ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,ESCHERICHIA coli diseases ,FECES ,EVALUATION of medical care ,MEDICAL records ,VOMITING ,SYMPTOMS ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,ACQUISITION of data methodology ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background The epidemiology, demographics, clinical presentations, and outcomes associated with enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) pathotypes in US children are not well understood. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review of all pediatric patients with a stool sample submitted to the Children's Hospital Colorado clinical microbiology laboratory for testing with the BioFire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel from October 2015 through October 2017. Results During the study period, 5692 patient stool samples were submitted; 679 (13%) were positive for EAEC, EPEC, or ETEC. Of note, 163/232 (70%) patients with EAEC, 282/493 (57%) with EPEC, and 49/58 (85%) with ETEC had detection of at least 1 other pathogen. Of all E. coli –positive stool samples, only 158/679 (23%) were from low-risk patients who were singly infected with EAEC, EPEC, or ETEC. In this cohort, most cases were associated with acute diarrhea (50%), abdominal pain (61%), and/or cramping (49%) and presented without fever (14%), emesis (28%), or lethargy (7%). Thirteen (8%) of these 158 patients received antibiotics at the time of their initial presentation to care. Of the 145 patients who did not receive antibiotics at their initial visit, 23 (16%) returned to care due to persistence of symptoms. Conclusions Our results suggest that the majority of patients singly infected with EAEC, EPEC, or ETEC present with mild, self-limited, gastrointestinal (GI) complaints. Further research is needed to determine what role these pathogens might play in children who present with chronic or inflammatory GI symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Redefining the child pedestrian safety paradigm: identifying high fatality concentrations in urban areas.
- Author
-
Ferenchak, Nicholas N. and Marshall, Wesley E.
- Subjects
TRAFFIC safety ,CHILDREN'S accident prevention ,METROPOLITAN areas ,TRANSPORTATION ,WOUNDS & injuries ,CHILDREN - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Hispanic parents' perceptions of their preschool children's weight status.
- Author
-
Gauthier, Kristine I. and Gance‐Cleveland, Bonnie
- Subjects
PREVENTION of childhood obesity ,BODY weight ,CULTURE ,HEAD Start programs ,HISPANIC Americans ,LEANNESS in children ,MARITAL status ,RESEARCH methodology ,NURSING practice ,PARENTS ,PEDIATRIC nursing ,SENSORY perception ,PROJECTIVE techniques ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STATISTICAL sampling ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,BODY mass index ,PARENT attitudes ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,INTRACLASS correlation ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of Hispanic parents' perceptions of their preschool children's weight status. Design and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive design with Hispanic parent-child dyads ( n = 83) from a Head Start setting was used to compare parents' perceptions of their children's weight status with their 2- to 5-year-old children's body mass index (BMI) and weight categories. Methods included a word choice from five response options, and varying body size silhouettes presented in a linear fashion and a random circular pattern. Parents' perceptions were compared with the children's BMI, and in relationship to parents' demographic characteristics and BMI. Results Approximately half of parents underestimated their child's weight status, and overweight/obese parents tended to underestimate their overweight/obese children's weight status. Practice Implications Eliciting parent perception of their child's weight is one way providers can engage in obesity prevention dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Vision Problems in Homeless Children.
- Author
-
Smith, Natalie L., Smith, Thomas J., DeSantis, Diana, Suhocki, Marissa, and Fenske, Danielle
- Subjects
TREATMENT of vision disorders ,HOMELESS persons ,HOMELESSNESS ,HOUSING ,LONGITUDINAL method ,METROPOLITAN areas ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SURVEYS ,VISION testing ,DISEASE prevalence ,CHILDREN ,VISION disorders ,DIAGNOSIS ,PREVENTION - Abstract
Background. Vision problems in homeless children can decrease educational achievement and quality of life. Purpose. To estimate the prevalence and specific diagnoses of vision problems in children in an urban homeless shelter. Methods. A prospective series of 107 homeless children and teenagers who underwent screening with a vision questionnaire, eye chart screening (if mature enough) and if vision problem suspected, evaluation by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Glasses and other therapeutic interventions were provided if necessary. Results. The prevalence of vision problems in this population was 25%. Common diagnoses included astigmatism, amblyopia, anisometropia, myopia, and hyperopia. Glasses were required and provided for 24 children (22%). Conclusions. Vision problems in homeless children are common and frequently correctable with ophthalmic intervention. Evaluation by pediatric ophthalmologist is crucial for accurate diagnoses and treatment. Our system of screening and evaluation is feasible, efficacious, and reproducible in other homeless care situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Test Differences in Diagnosing Reading Comprehension Deficits.
- Author
-
Keenan, Janice M. and Meenan, Chelsea E.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC achievement evaluation ,READING disability diagnosis ,ACHIEVEMENT tests ,READING ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,QUALITY assurance ,RESEARCH funding ,SHORT-term memory ,TEST-taking skills ,TWINS ,WECHSLER Adult Intelligence Scale ,INTER-observer reliability ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,CHILDREN - Abstract
The authors examined the implications of test differences for defining and diagnosing comprehension deficits using reading comprehension tests. They had 995 children complete the Gray Oral Reading Test–3, the Qualitative Reading Inventory–3, the Woodcock–Johnson Passage Comprehension–3, and the Peabody Individual Achievement Test and compared which children were identified by each test as being in the lowest 10%. Although a child who performs so poorly might be expected to do poorly on all tests, the authors found that the average overlap between tests in diagnosing comprehension difficulties was only 43%. Consistency in diagnosis was greater for younger children, when comprehension deficits are the result of weaker decoding skills, than for older children. Inconsistencies between tests were just as evident when identifying the top performers. The different children identified as having a comprehension deficit by each test were compared on four profile variables—word decoding skill, IQ, ADHD symptoms, and working memory skill—to understand the nature of the different deficits assessed by each test. Theoretical and practical implications of these test differences in defining and diagnosing comprehension deficits are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Development of an in-home standardized end-of-life treatment program for pediatric patients dying of brain tumors.
- Author
-
Arland, Lesley C., Hendricks-Ferguson, Verna L., Pearson, Joanne, Foreman, Nicholas K., and Madden, Jennifer R.
- Subjects
BRAIN tumor treatment ,ANESTHESIA ,CHI-squared test ,BRAIN tumors ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,DO-not-resuscitate orders ,HOME care services ,HOSPITAL care ,LENGTH of stay in hospitals ,EVALUATION of medical care ,MEDICAL referrals ,NARCOTICS ,NURSE practitioners ,PAIN ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,PEDIATRIC nursing ,TERMINAL care ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,NURSE liaisons ,PEDIATRIC oncology nursing ,CHILDREN ,SYMPTOMS ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PROGNOSIS ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Purpose To evaluate an end-of-life ( EOL) program related to specific outcomes (i.e., number of hospitalizations and place of death) for children with brain tumors. Design and Methods From 1990 to 2005, a retrospective chart review was performed related to specified outcomes for 166 children with admission for pediatric brain tumors. Results Patients who received the EOL program were hospitalized less often ( n = 114; chi-square = 5.001 with df = 1, p <.05) than patients who did not receive the program. Practice Implications An EOL program may improve symptom management and decrease required hospital admissions for children with brain tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Adapted Intervention Mapping: A Strategic Planning Process for Increasing Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Opportunities in Schools via Environment and Policy Change.
- Author
-
Belansky, Elaine S., Cutforth, Nick, Chavez, Robert, Crane, Lori A., Waters, Emily, and Marshall, Julie A.
- Subjects
PREVENTION of obesity ,STRATEGIC planning -- Methodology ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CHANGE ,CHILDREN'S health ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,HEALTH education ,HEALTH promotion ,INTERVIEWING ,HEALTH policy ,MEETINGS ,NUTRITION education ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH evaluation ,SCHOOL administrators ,SCHOOL environment ,ADOLESCENT health ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,DATA analysis ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,HUMAN services programs ,CONCEPT mapping ,PHYSICAL activity ,CHILDREN - Abstract
BACKGROUND School environment and policy changes have increased healthy eating and physical activity; however, there has been modest success in translating research findings to practice. The School Environment Project tested whether an adapted version of Intervention Mapping (AIM) resulted in school change. METHODS Using a pair randomized design, 10 rural elementary schools were assigned to AIM or the School Health Index (SHI). Baseline measures were collected fall 2005, AIM was conducted 2005-2006, and follow-up measures were collected fall 2006 and 2007. Outcome measures included number and type of effective environment and policy changes implemented; process measures included the extent to which 11 implementation steps were used. RESULTS AIM schools made an average of 4.4 effective changes per school with 90% still in place a year later. SHI schools made an average of 0.6 effective changes with 66% in place a year later. Implementation steps distinguishing AIM from SHI included use of external, trained facilitators; principal involvement; explicitly stating the student behavior goals; identifying effective environment and policy changes; prioritizing potential changes based on importance and feasibility; and developing an action plan. CONCLUSION The AIM process led to environment and policy changes known to increase healthy eating and physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Does Severity of Physical Neglect Moderate the Impact of an Efficacious Preventive Intervention for Maltreated Children in Foster Care?
- Author
-
Taussig, Heather N., Culhane, Sara E., Garrido, Edward, Knudtson, Michael D., and Petrenko, Christie L. M.
- Subjects
MENTAL illness prevention ,COMPETENCY assessment (Law) ,HYPOTHESIS ,BLACK people ,CHILD Behavior Checklist ,CHILD abuse ,STATISTICAL correlation ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,FOSTER home care ,GROUP psychotherapy ,HISPANIC Americans ,INTERVIEWING ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MENTAL health services ,MENTORING ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SCALES (Weighing instruments) ,SURVEYS ,WHITE people ,GROUP process ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Physically neglected youth are at increased risk of mental health problems, but there are few interventions that have demonstrated efficacy in reducing mental health symptoms for this vulnerable population. The Fostering Healthy Futures (FHF) program, which consists of mentoring and skills groups, was developed for preadolescent youth in foster care. In a published randomized controlled trial with 156 youth, FHF demonstrated positive impacts on mental health functioning. The current study sought to determine whether FHF might be particularly effective in ameliorating the impact of neglectful family environments. Because it was not possible to isolate a neglected-only subgroup, as most children with physical neglect histories had experienced other types of maltreatment, we tested the hypothesis that intervention effects would be stronger among children with more severe physical neglect. Findings did not support this hypothesis, however, as severity of physical neglect did not significantly moderate the impact of the intervention on psychosocial outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Using Language ENvironment Analysis to Improve Outcomes for Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.
- Author
-
Aragon, Miranda and Yoshinaga-Itano, Christine
- Subjects
TREATMENT of hearing disorders ,CONVERSATION ,ENGLISH as a foreign language ,HISPANIC Americans ,IMMIGRANTS ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,MOTHERS ,RESEARCH funding ,SCHOOL environment ,HOME environment ,TEACHING methods ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,CONTINUING education units ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Very little is known about the language environments of children in the United States in non-English-speaking homes. There is currently no published research that analyzes deaf or hard of hearing children in Spanish-speaking households, although the Colorado Home Intervention Program demographics indicate that these households account for 10 to 15% of the population of children who are deaf or hard of hearing. In other geographic regions in the United States, it is likely that the population of deaf and hard of hearing children from Spanish-speaking homes is considerably larger. The Spanish-speaking population in the United States has grown considerably within the last 5 to 10 years and will continue to expand. For these children to receive adequate treatment, research must be conducted to understand their language environment. The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) System uses a small recording device to collect, analyze, and sort a child's language environment into multiple categories and analyzes variables such as child vocalizations, adult words, and conversational turn taking. The normative data for the LENA System are from families who are English-speaking. The article demonstrates the feasibility of using the LENA System to gain understanding of the language environment of a child who is deaf or hard of hearing in a Spanish-speaking household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The Missing Link in Language Development of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children: Pragmatic Language Development.
- Author
-
Goberis, Dianne, Beams, Dinah, Dalpes, Molly, Abrisch, Amanda, Baca, Rosalinda, and Yoshinaga-Itano, Christine
- Subjects
TREATMENT of hearing disorders ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,MOTHERS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,CONTINUING education units ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHILDREN - Abstract
This article will provide information about the Pragmatics Checklist, which consists of 45 items and is scored as: (1) not present, (2) present but preverbal, (3) present with one to three words, and (4) present with complex language. Information for both children who are deaf or hard of hearing and those with normal hearing are presented. Children who are deaf or hard of hearing are significantly older when demonstrating skill with complex language than their normal hearing peers. In general, even at the age of 7 years, there are several items that are not mastered by 75% of the deaf or hard of hearing children. Additionally, the article will provide some suggestions of strategies that can be considered as a means to facilitate the development of these pragmatic language skills for children who are deaf or hard of hearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Longitudinal changes in Scores on the Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised (ADI-R) in pre-school children with autism.
- Author
-
Soke, Gnakub Norbert, Philofsky, Amy, Diguiseppi, Carolyn, Lezotte, Dennis, Rogers, Sally, and Hepburn, Susan
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of autism ,ANALYSIS of variance ,AUTISM ,COMMUNICATIVE competence ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,INTERVIEWING ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,PARENTS ,RESEARCH funding ,T-test (Statistics) ,DISABILITIES ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,INTER-observer reliability ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,SYMPTOMS ,CHILDREN - Abstract
We prospectively examined mean changes in Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised (ADI-R) Total and Domains scores and stability of the ADI-R diagnostic classification in 28 children with autism initially assessed at age 2—4 years and reassessed 2 years later. Mean Total, Social Interaction, and Communication scores decreased significantly from Time 1 to Time 2 Restricted/repetitive Domain mean scores did not change over time. The ADI-R diagnostic classification was stable in 67% of children using the current published criteria. The stability increased to 78% when a modified criterion was used in the Restricted/repetitive Domain and to 88% when the broader ASD criteria were used. Among pre-schoolers with autism, parent-reported symptoms decreased significantly at two-year follow-up in Social and Communication Domains but not in the Restricted/repetitive Domain. However, ADI-R diagnostic classification remained relatively stable over time. Revising ADI-R diagnostic criteria in the Restricted/repetitive Domain or including the broader ASD criteria may improve its sensitivity and diagnostic stability in younger children. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. An Adapted Version of Intervention Mapping (AIM) Is a Tool for Conducting Community-Based Participatory Research.
- Author
-
Belansky, Elaine S., Cutforth, Nick, Chavez, Robert A., Waters, Emily, and Bartlett-Horch, Kandiss
- Subjects
PREVENTION of obesity ,ACTION research ,CHILD nutrition ,EXERCISE ,HEALTH promotion ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,HEALTH policy ,STUDENT health ,QUALITATIVE research ,HUMAN services programs ,CHILDREN - Abstract
The field of public health is increasingly using community-based participatory research (CBPR) to address complex health problems such as childhood obesity. Despite the growing momentum and funding base for doing CBPR, little is known about how to undertake intervention planning and implementation in a community-academic partnership. An adapted version of Intervention Mapping (AIM) was created as a tool for university and elementary school partners to create school-level environment and policy changes aimed at increasing student physical activity and healthy eating. After AIM was completed, interviews were conducted with school partners. Findings indicate AIM is closely aligned to 7 of 9 CBPR principles. Examples include equitable involvement of all partners, co-learning, and balancing knowledge generation and community improvement. Shortcomings, lessons learned, and suggestions for strengthening the AIM process are described. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Parental Perception on the Efficacy of a Physical Activity Program for Preschoolers.
- Author
-
Bellows, Laura, Silvernail, Sara, Caldwell, Lisa, Bryant, Angela, Kennedy, Cathy, Davies, Patricia, and Anderson, Jennifer
- Subjects
PREVENTION of obesity ,EXERCISE ,ANALYSIS of variance ,COMPUTER software ,HEAD Start programs ,INTERVIEWING ,PSYCHOLOGY of parents ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICS ,SURVEYS ,DATA analysis ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Childhood obesity is among the leading health concerns in the United States. The relationship between unmet physical activity needs in young children is of particular interest as the trend in childhood obesity continues to rise and unmet physical activity needs are identified. The preschool years are an influential time in promoting healthful lifestyle habits and early childhood interventions may help establish lifelong healthful behaviors which could help prevent obesity later in life. The Food Friends : Get Movin' with Mighty Moves is a preschool physical activity program which aims to improve children's gross motor skills and physical activity levels. The home environment and parental modeling are critical factors related to child physical activity in this population. The parent component, Mighty Moves : Fun Ways to Keep Families Active and Healthy, was designed to address barriers in the home environment that lead to unmet physical activity needs in preschoolers and their families. The program and materials were designed based on Social Marketing tenets and Social Learning Theory principles. Four Colorado Head Start centers were assigned to an experimental group as part of the Mighty Moves group randomized trial. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods were used to determine what messages and materials reached and motivated the target audience to increase physical activity levels. Results of the study indicated the program's materials helped families and children to be more physically active. Additionally, materials and material dissemination were revised to enhance program goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Preventing Childhood Bullying: Findings and Lessons From the Denver Public Schools Trial.
- Author
-
Jenson, Jeffrey M., Dieterich, William A., Brisson, Daniel, Bender, Kimberly A., and Powell, Anne
- Subjects
PREVENTION of school bullying ,CURRICULUM ,CURRICULUM planning ,CLASSROOM activities ,ACTIVITY programs in education ,PUBLIC schools - Abstract
Twelve-month follow-up outcomes from a group-randomized trial (GRT) of a classroom curriculum aimed at preventing bullying and victimization among elementary students in the Denver, Colorado, public school system are presented. Twenty-eight elementary schools were randomly assigned to receive selected modules of Youth Matters (YM), a skills-training curriculum that targets bullying and victimization, or to a no-treatment control group. Linear growth models were fitted to five waves of data collected over 3 years to test the effect of the intervention on the rate of change in self-reported bullying and victimization. Participation in YM was associated with a 7% decline in bully victimization 1 year after the intervention ended. Practice and methodological challenges encountered in the investigation are discussed in the larger context of intervention research in school settings. Strategies to increase school-based intervention research by social work investigators are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Electrophysiological Signals of Familiarity and Recency in the Infant Brain.
- Author
-
Snyder, Kelly A., Garza, John, Zolot, Liza, and Kresse, Anna
- Subjects
BRAIN physiology ,ANALYSIS of variance ,COMPUTERS ,CORNEA ,DATABASES ,ELECTRODES ,ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY ,ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,HUMAN information processing ,MEMORY ,PHOTOGRAPHY ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing ,STATISTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,TEMPORAL lobe ,DATA analysis ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,WAVE analysis ,REPEATED measures design ,HUMAN research subjects ,PATIENT selection ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Electrophysiological work in nonhuman primates has established the existence of multiple types of signals in the temporal lobe that contribute to recognition memory, including information regarding a stimulus's relative novelty, familiarity, and recency of occurrence. We used high-density event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine whether young infants represent these distinct types of information about previously experienced items. Twenty-four different highly familiar and initially novel items were each repeated exactly once either immediately ( Experiment 1 ), or following one intervening item ( Experiment 2 ). A late slow wave (LSW) component of the ERP exhibited neural responses consistent with recency signals over right-central leads, but only when there were no intervening stimuli between repetitions. The LSW also exhibited responses consistent with familiarity signals over anterior-temporal leads, but only when there were intervening stimuli between repetitions. A mid-latency negative component (i.e., the Nc) also distinguished familiar from novel items, but did not exhibit a pattern of responding consistent with familiarity signals. These findings suggest that infants encode information about a variety of objects from their natural environments into long-term memory, and can discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar items, and between recently seen and new items, very quickly (within 1 sec). They also suggest that infants represent information about not only whether a stimulus is familiar or unfamiliar but also whether it has been seen recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Behavioral Phenotypes and Special Education: Parent Report of Educational Issues for Children with Down Syndrome, Prader-Willi Syndrome, and Williams Syndrome.
- Author
-
Fidler, Deborah J., Hodapp, Robert M., and Dykens, Elisabeth M.
- Subjects
INTELLECTUAL disabilities ,CHILDREN - Abstract
This study examined the degree to which parents are informed about syndrome-based behaviors in children with three genetic mental retardation syndromes: Down syndrome (n = 21). Prader-Willi syndrome (n = 25), and Williams syndrome (n = 21). Parents were informed regarding blatant behavioral features associated with their children's syndromes (especially concerning maladaptive behaviors) but were less informed about certain subtle syndrome-based cognitive processing outcomes. Compared to the parents of children with the other two syndromes, parents of children with Down syndrome were more informed about syndrome-related behaviors; in addition, greater numbers of individuals (e.g., parents, school psychologists, teachers, speech-language pathologists) brought information about children with Down syndrome into the classroom setting. Across all three groups, the supportive educational services received by the children were generally not adjusted to syndrome profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. A Comparison of Growth: Spanish-Surnamed With Non-Spanish-Surnamed Children.
- Author
-
Duncan, Burris, Smith, Ann N., and Briese, Franklin W.
- Subjects
CHILDREN ,CHILDREN'S health ,HEALTH status indicators ,MEDICAL statistics ,BODY weight ,STATURE ,CEPHALOMETRY ,SPANISH Americans - Abstract
Abstract: Weight, height, and head circumference measurements of 4,167 Spanish-surnamed school-aged children were compared with similar data from 2,322 non-Spanish surnamed children who resided in the same Denver, Colorado neighborhoods. These data were also compared with data from six other studies. Both male and female Spanish-surnamed children were found to weigh less, be shorter, and have smaller head circumferences than non-Spanish-surnamed children living in the same Denver neighborhoods. The sizes of the children in these two populations residing in lower and lower-middle class neighborhoods were closer to each other than to the sizes of children from middle and upper-middle socioeconomic classes as measured in previous studies or to the sizes of children in the recently published cross-sectional National Center for Health Statistics study. Such comparisons suggest that growth retardation is more a reflection of socioeconomic factors than of ethnic-genetic factors. (Am J Public Health 69:903-907, 1979.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Characteristics of Pupils Identified as Learning Disabled.
- Author
-
Shepard, Lorrie A., Smith, Mary Lee, and Vojir, Carol P.
- Subjects
PEOPLE with learning disabilities ,CHILDREN ,CHILDREN with intellectual disabilities ,FEDERAL legislation ,TEACHERS ,LEARNING ,BRAIN-damaged children ,HYPERACTIVE children - Abstract
This study was aimed at describing the characteristics of school-aged children whom educators had identified as learning disabled (LD). A probability sample of 800 was selected from the population of all children served as learning disabled in the state of Colorado. A coding form was used by trained coders to extract relevant features from the case files of the children. The sample was characterized by (1) distributions of single variables (e.g., below grade level achievement, discrepancy between IQ and achievement, medical indicators), and (2) hierarchical classification creating clusters or subgroups within the LD sample. Fewer than half the sample exhibited characteristics consistent with definitions of LD in federal regulations and professional literature. Included in this group were subgroups of hyperactive, brain-injured children, children with significant discrepancies between IQ and achievement and those with signs of perceptual processing disorders. Slightly more than half the sample did not match conventional definitions of LD but exhibited learning problems such as language interference, emotional disorders, or mild retardation. The inclusion of the latter groups among the learning disabled is a particular problem in the validation of the construct and will confound research on prevalence rates and treatment efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. About feeding children: factor structure and internal reliability of a survey to assess mealtime strategies and beliefs of early childhood education teachers.
- Author
-
Swindle, Taren, Sigman-Grant, Madeleine, Branen, Laurel J., Fletcher, Janice, and Johnson, Susan L.
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL feeding ,AUTONOMY (Psychology) ,FACTOR analysis ,INGESTION ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,SCHOOL environment ,SOCIAL role ,TEACHERS ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,COLLEGE teacher attitudes ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Children spend a substantial amount of time in early care and education (ECE) settings and may eat a majority of their diet in this setting. While there are several instruments focused on measuring factors of the ECE environment that may influence diet and weight outcomes, there are few comprehensive, valid, and reliable measures for collecting self-report of ECE providers’ feeding practices. The purpose of this study was to establish the factor structure and internal reliability of a survey developed to measure practices and beliefs of ECE providers relative to feeding children. Methods: Licensed ECE centers from CA, CO, ID and NV were included in this cross-sectional survey study. The sample was stratified by states and census regions to yield equal numbers of centers from each category. The total sample distribution included 1600 randomly selected centers and up to 8000 staff members (who represented teachers, aides, assistants, or cooks); 1178 surveys were completed. We conducted an exploratory, unrestricted factor analysis as well as parallel analyses to inform the number of factors to be extracted. Results: Factors within Structural Mealtime Strategies included Adult Control of Foods Consumed (Kuder-Richardson [KR] = 0.67), Bribing with Sweet Foods (KR = 0.70), and Supportive Adult Roles at Mealtime (KR = 0.55). Factors in Verbal Mealtime Strategies included Supporting Children’s Eating Self-regulation (KR =0.61), Pressure to Eat (KR = 0.58), and Social Comparisons (KR = 0.59). Beliefs about Mealtime factors were Autonomy Promoting (α = 0.64), Coercive Beliefs (α = 0.77), and Concern-Based Control (α = 0.60). Conclusions: The AFC Strategies and Beliefs Survey provides a promising self-report instrument with a strong factor structure consistent with the extant literature to measure practices and beliefs related to feeding and mealtimes in the ECE setting. Feeding young children in group settings differs in many ways from feeding in a family setting; hence it is important that measures such as the AFC Strategies and Beliefs Survey capture unique aspects of the ECE feeding environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Dental Caries in Permanent Teeth in Children of Migrant Farm Workers.
- Author
-
Call, Richard L., Entwistle, Beverly, and Swanson, Terri
- Subjects
DENTAL caries ,DENTAL pathology ,CHILDREN'S dental care ,PUBLIC health ,DENTAL occlusion ,MEDICAL care ,STATISTICAL methods in health surveys ,MIGRANT agricultural workers ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Abstract: A 1984 study of dental disease in 534 children (aged 6-15) of migrant farm workers in Colorado found that the prevalence of disease for this population continues to exceed the national and regional average. The mean DMFS was 3.56 with only 23 per ¢ caries free compared to a regional non-migrant DMFS mean of 2.50 with 44.7 per ¢ caries free. Results indicate that the children of migrant farm workers should remain a priority in preventive and restorative dental care programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.