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This paper examines the relationship between the Party-state and private businessmen centering on the Party member recruitment process at the Party organization established by Zhejiangcun's Wenzhou migrant private businessmen. This analysis revealed that private businessmen Party members at the grassroots level have been conducting Party member recruitment in a way that maximizes their personal interests but falls within the guidelines set out by the CCP's Central Committee, including the high political standards for Party members emphasized in the recent Xi Jinping era. By illustrating the dynamics surrounding the Party member recruitment process for private businessmen based on internal Party documents and interviews with Party officials, this study provides a novel insight into an aspect that has so far resisted analysis due to the limited availability of information and presents a unique case for understanding the dynamics between the Party-state and private entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juan Mencarini Pierotti (1860 - 1939) was a Spanish employee of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service of China from 1881 to 1912 and later a businessman in the import-export sector with base in Shanghai. Parallel to his professional career, Mencarini pioneered in the history of postage stamps in East Asia, contributed to learned societies with articles and lectures, and was reputed among the foreign community of the treaty ports as an accomplished amateur pictorialist photographer. Based on previously unexamined repositories, contemporary press records, and the cataloguing and analysis of over two hundred photographs, this paper analyzes Mencarini's preserved corpus of photographs as well as his participation in the creation of the first associations of amateur photographers in Shanghai and Fuzhou. Mencarini's photographs captured human types, examples of craftsmanship and agriculture, and architectural landmarks of the area of Fuzhou, and reveal a generic Western imperialist gaze that articulates visual and textual discourses to support knowledge production and commercial opportunities, leaving room for the exploration of the aesthetics of pictorialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper starts its analysis from Legislative Decree number 146/2007 which incorporated Directive 2005/29/EC into the Italian Consumer Code. This Directive is about unfair commercial practices, useful in illustrating the phenomenon undertaken by unscrupulous businessmen against consumers. Ten years after the enforcement and entry of this legislation into Italian law, the balance is still not positive because consumers do not seem to be totally protected from the implementation of those devious entrepreneurial strategies designed to mislead the consumer from taking an informed decision of a commercial nature. More specifically, in my study I analyze the lack of legislation, above all on unfair trade practices classified as spam and fake reviews (otherwise known as 'opinion spam') against which Italian private law (different from other legal systems) is totally insufficient to protect consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aimed to analyze the predictive power of conscientiousness and agreeableness which are important personality characteristics of businessmen and related to potential to work with customers. The sample consisted of 122 respondents, 42 women and 80 men (average age was 28.71 and standard deviation 2.98) working in business area with customers. The data were collected through NEO-Five Factor Inventory which measured the level of agreeableness and conscientiousness developed by McCrae and Costa (1987) in Slovak translated by Hřebičková and Urbánek (2001) and SKASUK-Scale of potential to work with customer developed by Sonnenberg in Slovak translated by Kováč (2006). Based on the confirmed aspects it was concluded that motivation to help had significant predictive power in predicting conscientiousness. Dominance and social appreciation did not have significant predictive power in predicting conscientiousness. We found that characteristics which are potential to work with customer did not have significant predictive power in predicting agreeableness. Social appreciation contributed to prediction of agreeableness at significant level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proto-Pentecostalist ideas in Britain owe a debt to the activities of the Gold Coast businessman Thomas Brem Wilson (1865-1929), who settled in London in 1901. His recently discovered diaries and personal papers detail his commercial interests and activities in West Africa and his relationships with a number of fellow Africans living in London. The diaries also record Brem Wilson's transatlantic involvement with J. A. Dowie's faith healing Catholic Apostolic Church in London and Zion City, Illinois, which he visited in 1904; evangelistic work among his African friends in London and in the Gold Coast; and his personal and financial relations with Alexander Boddy. In 1908 Brem Wilson helped found the first black-led Pentecostal church in Britain, where he was a pastor for the rest of his life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the concept of work-based learning and explores its suitability to the development of marketing knowledge in an entrepreneurially owner managed small firm. In particular it considers how the problems faced by an entrepreneur in the workplace can be integrated into a custom built curriculum to form a unique, valuable and formalized learning experience. The paper argues that knowledge gained in this way is not only valued and worthwhile but, in fact, might actually constitute a new branch of knowledge. To demonstrate the potential of work-based learning the paper examines how an existing program of marketing development for small firm entrepreneurs might be developed into a work-based program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows that long-term contracts can be used in competitive financial markets to separate entrepreneurs of different abilities. In equilibrium poor entrepreneurs are financed with a sequence of standard-debt contracts. Good entrepreneurs are financed with a modified contract, in which the terms of the second part of the contract are contingent upon whether default is observed at the first date. Sorting is achieved through the contingent term in the contract. In equilibrium good entrepreneurs will typically pay high interest rates to start with, followed by relatively lower rates later if they are successful. The solution in the paper is contrasted with the use of collateral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the rationales expressed by businessmen for corporate philanthropy as an alternative to both individual charity and government provision of some types of charitable services. Three hypotheses explaining the aggregate level of corporate giving are then tested. The paper concludes with a list of potential hypotheses to be tested about corporate philanthropy when the data become available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract When designing a product line, a manufacturer is often aware that it does not control the ultimate targeting of the products in the line to the different consumer segments. While the manufacturers can attempt to influence the target customers through communications in appropriate media, product design, and the choice of channels of distribution, the ultimate targeting is made by a retailer, which might only care about its own interests, and is fully in control of interactions with customers, including how the product is sold and displayed. This occurrence is widespread in numerous markets, for example, frequently purchased consumer products, home appliances, personal computers, automobiles, etc. The audience for this paper includes practitioners and academics who want to better understand how a manufacturer selling through an intermediary can better induce this intermediary to have a targeting strategy consistent with the manufacturer's intentions and be willing to carry the full product line.The paper attempts to find what are the main issues a manufacturer selling through a distribution channel has to worry about when designing the product line. The problem of the product line design for a distribution channel is modeled with the manufacturer, the retailer or several competing retailers, and the consumers. In this way all the three levels of the distribution system are included.The model can be summarized as follows. The manufacturer decides how many products to have in the line and the physical characteristics of each product, quality. Each product may or may not be targeted at a different market segment. The manufacturer decides as well how many market segments to try to target and the prices to charge the retailer for each type of product. Given the product line being offered by the manufacturer, the retailer (or competing retailers) decides which products to carry, the market segments that are going to be targeted, which product to target to each ... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most empirical work on expectations has focused on price expectations. This paper extends that work by evaluating the properties of manufacturers' expectations of a range of nominal and real variables. The data for this study consist of individual firm responses to the New Zealand Institute of Economic Research's quarterly tendency survey over an unusually long period of 24 years from 1964 to 1987. Measures of accuracy, bias and efficiency are constructed and the results indicate that the properties of expectations differ across variables and conclusions drawn from empirical studies of price expectations should not be generalized. Manufacturers are more accurate at forecasting changes in prices than quantities. The 'mainstream rational expectations hypothesis' is rejected for most of the quantity variables but the case for rejection was not so clear for expectations of prices and costs. The results are consistent with the view that price expectations behave more like plans than forecasts. Firms' views about costs are shown to have a similar plan like character. The paper also includes the results of a preliminary investigation into the behaviour of expectation errors over the business cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several recent contributions to the theory of the firm have suggested that profit maximization and utility maximization by an owner-manager are incompatible if the owner-manager derives from the firm nonpecuniary benefits for which there exists no perfect substitute on the outside. Perhaps the strongest statement of this proposition is found in the work of Robert Feinberg, who argues that if nonpecuniary benefits can only be obtained within the firm and if these benefits enter the owner-manager's utility function, profits of the firm cannot be maximized [1, 130; 2, 1163].[1]
This argument is not limited to the work of Feinberg alone. Even in the celebrated work of Jensen and Meckling [3], one finds the related contention that the owner-manager under these circumstances will not seek to maximize the value of his firm, but will instead trade off some of the firm's value for increments in nonpecuniary benefits associated with the firm's operation.
In this paper I show that these arguments are incorrect. Among other things, they result from the assumption, implicit or explicit, that the owner-manager's implicit wage is invariant with respect to the level of nonpecuniary benefits he derives. Once this assumption is relaxed, profit maximization and utility maximization by an owner-manager are shown to be one and the same.
Recent contributions to the theory of the firm have concluded that the assumptions of profit maximization or firm value maximization are deficient in explaining the behavior of an owner-manager who derives from the firm nonpecuniary benefits for which there are no perfect substitutes on the outside. Among other things, these papers fail to account for the relationship between the wages that managers will accept to voluntarily perform their services (implicit in the case of the owner-manager) and the level of nonpecuniary benefits consumed by them. Once this relationship is taken into account, the equivalence of profit maximization (or... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entrepreneurs of Silicon Valley and Route 128 - America's leading centers of technological innovation - organized politically in the late 1970s. This paper seeks to explain why high tech business associations in these two regions have adopted widely divergent political stances and behavior. It argues that business interests are defined through the process of organization, and that the attitudes of these groups of industrialists were shaped by distinctive political environments, in turn a result of the different industrial and social histories of the two regions. While much scholarly interest has been devoted to the ways in which business affects political outcomes, the paper suggests that the reciprocal causation is equally important: the political environment is an important determinant of business interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on public rules for private accounting in France in 1673 and 1807. As per the rules of Ordinance of 1673 some designated classes of `business men were required to "keep books." Public regulation, "on paper" at least, extended to the making of rules as to the books to be kept, forms to be observed in the making of entries, authentication by a public official as a means to the prevention of the crudest kind of falsifications, the making of periodic inventories, and the preservation of correspondence. The rules for authentication of the books of exchange dealers and bankers pear a little more strict than those for the authentication of the books of tradesmen and merchants. However as per the accounting rules of commercial code 1807 every business man was required to have a journal which presents day by day his accounts receivable and payable, the operations of his business, acceptances and endorsements of commercial paper, and in general everything which he receives and pays, under whatever head it may be.

The article presents a list of books and papers about industrial management. The books and papers include "Guidelines for Global Business," published in the "Columbia Journal of World Business," "19th Century Ideology and 20th Century Reality," published in the "Columbia Journal of World Business," "The Emerging Pattern of the Multinational Corporation," by Ernest W. Ogram, "The Global Businessman," edited by Charlies F. Stewart, "Management: Theory and Practice," by Ernest Dale and "Readings in Management," by Ernest Dale.

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several auto manufacturers have recently introduced car sharing programs. Although the structure of most programs is the same, there is no clear dominant strategy for the type of vehicles that should be provided through car sharing. In this paper, we consider an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) that contemplates car sharing and designs its product line by accounting for the trade-off between driving performance and fuel efficiency under CAFE standards. Customers have different valuations of driving performance and decide whether to buy, join car sharing or rely on their outside options. We find that the OEM increases the fuel efficiency of the vehicles it provides through car sharing. This higher efficiency enables the OEM to charge a higher selling price to the higher end of the market, thus increasing its profit. This is especially beneficial to higher-end OEMs that face greater cannibalization and can explain why Daimler and BMW have been particularly active in introducing car sharing. Offering car sharing is not always environmentally beneficial. Even when it is, we find that doing so may reduce the OEM's Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) level. In such cases, incentive multipliers should be granted for each shared car. Finally, if anticipating aggressive CAFE standards, OEMs may introduce car sharing to better absorb the increase in the production cost. The online appendix is available at . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first in a series of papers analyzing the phenomenon of Brazilian small ventures internationalization and comparing it with internationally accepted models. The data collection methodology consisted of in-depth interviews conducted with 40 Brazilian businessmen using the snowball sampling technique. The results indicate an inadequacy to explain small business Brazilian entrepreneurship completely, through the Uppsala model. The ventures' dimensions found in the in-depth interviews include the reasons for starting a business, the relations with the local Brazilian communities, as well as the host community. The results point to a phenomenon closer to immigrant entrepreneurship than business internationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barriers faced by women entrepreneurs are different from the barriers faced by male entrepreneurs. These barriers differ based on age, culture, geographical region, education, marital status and ethnicity. This paper investigates barriers faced by women entrepreneurs and the moderating effect of culture on the relationship between barriers faced by women entrepreneurs and women entrepreneur's success in micro, small and medium enterprises. The five main research findings from this study are (1) gender inequality is a major barrier to women's success in micro, small and medium enterprises, (2) national culture is positively related to barriers faced by women entrepreneurs, (3) barriers faced by women entrepreneur's is negatively related to women entrepreneurs' success in micro, small and medium enterprises, (4) national culture is negatively related to women entrepreneurs success in micro, small and medium enterprises and (5) culture moderates the relationship between gender inequality and women's success in micro, small and medium enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like many other developing countries, compliance in the field of income tax is a burning issue and poses a formidable challenge for the income tax administration in Bangladesh. One way of ensuring voluntary compliance is to allow a tax amnesty scheme used around the world to improve compliance. Bangladesh also uses this tool to improve voluntary compliance. This paper argues that though tax amnesty temporarily augments revenue collection, in the long turn it does not. Particularly, in Bangladesh, tax amnesty schemes are used, inter alia, for ulterior motive of whitening black money held by politicians and businessmen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empowering people to become the master of their own destiny is one of the most powerful tools of economic growth and development. Thus, entrepreneurs are said to be the key drivers of the economic engine. Entrepreneurs innovate and create opportunity, jobs, wealth, and prosperity for many. According to an estimate, new age entrepreneurs account for 20% of gross job creation in the United States (Kauffman Foundation, 2015). In addition to job creation, new businesses bring economic dynamism by spurring innovation and injecting competition.The conducive environment that facilitates people to start their own business provides a big spark to the economic development. The factors that contribute to the success of entrepreneurs around the world include access to the human, financial, and professional resources along with host of encouraging government policies (Babson College Website, 2016). An efficient economy should ideally provide transparent and favourable regulatory environment for the creation and growth of business enterprises. The present paper reviews important measures and policies undertaken by the Government of India under the realm of 'Ease of Doing Business'. These policies are reviewed in the backdrop of India's performance in the Doing Business Index, 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the debates about Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) that unfolded in Russia’s print media from December 2010 to December 2013. The authors highlight the initial arguments of supporters and opponents of this accession, the ways in which those arguments are presented in the media, and the differences in the standpoints of the business, government and expert communities. The authors further analyze changes in the content of this discussion and its discursive space following Russia’s accession to the WTO. Our research on print media shows that positive assessments of Russia’s accession to the WTO prevailed before it entered into force. However, after the accession negative assessments started to dominate. This may be explained by the fact that before the accession it was mainly politicians and officials who expressed support for the act, while after the accession the negative views of the business community became more prevalent. Politicians and officials supported the accession by relying on abstract values of “progress” and “open markets”, while businessmen's (mainly agribusiness) views took into account the non-competitiveness of their industries. Media campaigns helped some industries to create images of “victims” (resulting from enforcement of the treaty) in order to legitimize the industry lobby and the need for government subsidies to compensate for the damage caused by the WTO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of every business activity is maximising profits, which explains the tendency of business entities to make products and services readily and easily available for customers. The insurance activity is not free of placement problems. In order to survive, an insurance company must constantly follow the trend of the development of services and distribution channels. As an emergence of global insurers has raised the issue of the placement of insurance services, innovations related to the placement of insurance services will be the subject of this paper. However, the success of the placement of services is dependent upon the fulfilment of the following preconditions: the service is of great quality; it is adequately distributed - available, its price - the insurance premium - suits the quality and is competitive; the service is presented to customers in a quality manner, while the sales personnel is highly motivated to do their job. The merger of a banking and insurance subject may result in the reduction of costs, as well as in spurring the synergistic effects and an increase in revenue. New technologies, new approaches and dexterities of businessmen contribute to delivering better business results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Chinese firms were operating within a closed economic environment before the “opening up” in the late 1970s, but it has only been in the late 1990s that China has recognized the importance of innovation. The Chinese government has attempted to rectify this liability by providing funding to assist Chinese firms in developing innovation capability by increasing R&D collaborations and employing external experts. The purpose of this paper is to study the innovation of Chinese firms by examining how internal and external resources interactively impact the innovation capability.Design/methodology/approach Panel data collected from Chinese manufacturers are used to test the hypothesized relationships.Findings The results have shown that the interplay between internal and external resources exhibits differential patterns of impact on innovation capability. The authors discover different moderating patterns of the two types of external resources: visiting experts are helpful in enhancing the effects of internal human resources, while R&D collaborations are useful in exploiting internal financial and physical resources, even when the main effect of financial resources on innovation capability is not significant.Originality/value The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidences on the roles of absorbed external resources and knowledge to catalyze internal resources in building up innovation capability in an emerging economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Histórica: Historia Moderna is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is the result of a research focused on the study of entrepreneurial patterns, contexts and experiences. Its particular objectives are the analysis of the different pathways to become an entrepreneur. On the basis of in-depth interviews to women and men entrepreneurs about their individual trajectories, a typology of access to entrepreneurship is proposed. This categorisation expresses different combinations of social factors and places particular emphasis on the effects that gender and qualifications have on the decision to become selfemployed, without neglecting the importance of socioeconomic circumstances, interpersonal networks and family relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop two revelation mechanism models of a supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer under asymmetric information, where the retailer provides store assistance (SA) to reduce consumer returns rate and increase demand. Under full information, we find that a higher returns rate or returns handling cost increases the SA level if the market scale is sufficiently high. In the demand information asymmetry model, we find that: (i) the low-type retailer (facing a low demand) has no incentive to distort demand information while the high-type retailer may report wrong information; (ii) the manufacturer would like to design a menu of wholesale price-order quantity contract to induce truthful demand information and the manufacturer pays an information rent to the high-type retailer if the returns rate or returns handling cost for the retailer is sufficiently low; (iii) asymmetry of information does not change the monotonicity of the unit wholesale price in the retailer's type, and information asymmetry decreases the retail price but increases the SA level. Unlike the demand information asymmetry model, a higher retailer's returns handling cost expands the effects of information asymmetry on the retail price and the SA level, and using revelation mechanism decreases the channel profit if the retailer's returns handling cost is sufficiently high under the returns rate information asymmetry model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a new perspective by conceptualising country of origin (COO) from a management perspective, identifying the impact different COO constructs have in the context of fashion retailer and manufacturer businesses. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative study comprises a series of in-depth interviews with key informants from large-scale fashion retailers and manufacturers in the UK. Findings – The major findings of this research demonstrate that COO is considered a strategic business imperative but manifests in a variety of ways depending on brand positioning, long-term strategic plans, expertise, and brand values, etc. Research limitations/implications – This study contributes to the body of knowledge about the importance of COO. The findings of this research will have practical implications for manufacturers and retailers, informing the debate on the value of the “Made in […]” epithet. Findings are limited to the UK fashion clothing industry. Originality/value – This research presents a new perspective on the COO construct, addressing it from a management rather than consumer perspective. It argues that COO can be considered as a strategic dimension, which is manifested in a variety of ways. COO has been extensively researched from a consumer point of view but this research takes a new approach by presenting findings from a managerial point of view, with fashion manufacturing and retail branding as the context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the relations of business and politics is of profound importance. The paper aims to analyze business-related connections among people within the network of FIDESZ, the currently leading political party in Hungary. The authors study the business networks within the boundaries of FIDESZ and identify the most influential businessmen using network research methodology. The main hypothesis, reflecting common knowledge, is that Lajos Simicska is a central point within this business network. The database of ahalo.hu has been used as the main source of data. First the sample FIDESZ business network is analyzed, followed by an analysis of the four biggest business communities identified in it. The article is concluded with the identification of the most influential businessmen of these. The findings of the article fail to support the main hypothesis: according to our findings (1) Péter Kiss, (2) Zoltán Varga, (3) Antal Nagy, (4) Márton Szabó, (5) János Bertalan, (6) Zsolt Nyerges, (7) Lajos Simicska and (8) István Töröcskei are considered to be the eight most influential businessmen of the FIDESZ network (and not Simicska is the most important). Qualitative research carried out in parallel to analyze the business activities of the aforementioned businessmen reveals that the current research can only partially point out the most prominent members of the FIDESZ business network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantify external and internal uncertainties in product design process. The research addresses the measure of product future changes. Design/methodology/approach – Two methods are proposed to model and quantify uncertainty in the product life cycle. Changes of user preferences are considered as the external uncertainty. Changes stemming from dependencies between components are addressed as the internal uncertainty. Both methods use developed mechanisms to capture and treat changes of user preferences. An agent-based model is developed to simulate sociotechnical events in the product life cycle for the external uncertainty. An innovative application of Big Data Analytics (BDA) is proposed to evaluate the external and internal uncertainties in product design. The methods can identify the most affected product components under uncertainty. Findings – The results show that the proposed method could identify product changes during its life cycle, particularly using the proposed BDA method. Practical implications – It is essential for manufacturers in the competitive market to know their product changes under uncertainty. Proposed methods have potential to optimize design parameters in complex environments. Originality/value – This research bridges the gap of literature in the accurate estimation of uncertainty. The research integrates the change prediction and change transferring, applies data management methods innovatively, and utilizes the proposed methods practically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the new measurement of launching online distribution channels of tobacco enterprises in China, this paper investigates the tobacco firm’s pricing decisions on the supply chain which consists of two manufacturers and one retailer under three dual-channel structures. Three dual-channel structures include no online channel, only one online channel by one manufacture, and two online channels by two manufacturers. We apply the Stackelberg game to analyze the equilibrium pricing strategies under different structures and try to explore the necessity and advantages of launching online sales channels. The results demonstrate that the substitutability of a product has significant impact on introducing online sales channels, and the online dual-channel structure could result in less profit for manufacturers compared to the traditional retail channel structure; and thus, a dual-channel structure with online sales is not the best strategy for traditional manufacturers. Moreover, when the product is less substitutable, the effect of the tobacco control on the online sales channel is inferior to the traditional channels and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the possibility of a moral sanctuary existing in the field of business. It seeks to add to the discussion begun by Professors Konrad and Roberts in recent studies. After some preliminary discussion on the nature of a moral sanctuary, the paper contends that from an Aristotelian-Thomistic perspective it is impossible for sanctuary from moral rules to exist in any area of life, including business. Even games are regulated by principles of Justice and Do No Harm. And the claim that ethics is too complicated to be figured out by the average business person simply does not make sense. In business as in any other human activity human values must be respected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A dynamic approach which could better track the performance of EIP was proposed. • The approach combined ecological network theory, input-output analysis, and environmental economic analysis. • The approach highlighted the function to track the change of symbiotic network structure and reflect the EIP performance change derived from that. • A simplified EIP transition case in Kawasaki eco-town, Japan was demonstrated to test and verify the approach. • The approach was expected to be a more practical tool for businessmen to manage EIP transition activities. Eco-industrial park (EIP) is systematic innovation based on industrial symbiosis (IS). Monitor and track the benefit of industrial symbiosis is critical to EIP performance evaluation. Numerous evaluations were applied based on sustainability indicators. However, dynamically track the contribution of IS from the network perspective, and incorporate the sustainability indicators, are few reported. This paper combines ecological network method, and environmental & economic analysis to dynamically monitor and evaluate the EIP performance. The proposed method presents the IS expansion as the development of EIP. The change of observed environmental and economic flows in the park level is further analyzed to account the indicators. Our method aims to report the benefit that derived from the development of IS better. Kawasaki eco-town, Japan, was applied to demonstrate the developed approach. Results highlighted the approach could effectively track EIP performance based on IS expansion, and attract policymakers and businessmen to EIP transition activities. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a list of research papers on foreign economic history. Some of the research papers are "The Influence of the Manufacturers Upon the Early Policies of William Pitt," by W. Bowden, "The Huterian Communities," by B.W. Clark, "The Rise of the Rural Standard of Living in the Punjab," by M. Darling, "Notes Sur Let Russie: Faits et Obsercations Économiques," by B. Ellacheff, "The Sale of Corn in the Nineteenth Century," by C.R. Fay, "China in Transition," by D. Torrance, "The Economic Function of the Rhine," by J. Levainville, "Propaganda Argentina en AmÉrica," by I.R. Moreno, "The Agrarian Phase of the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920," by H. Phipps. "The Economic Activities of the Falkiand Islands," by C.F. Jones, "Our English Villages," by L. Ernle, "The English Workingmen and the American Civil War," by J.H. Park, "Financial and Monetary Policy of Great Britain During the Napoleonic Wars," by N.J. Silberling, "The Maritime and Rural Life of Norway," by C. Vallaux.

The increasing importance of environmental issues requires efforts in different area of research and application. Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) offers great potentials for the improvement of ecological performance of manufacturers. The purpose of this paper is to explore the stakeholders’ pressures on green supply chains, and to develop a taxonomy framework that can be used for green supply chain decision makers based on the characteristic dimensions for the green supply chain. The taxonomic framework is developed through (i) analysis of different dimension of green supply chain found in existing empirical work or case studies recorded in the literature, (ii) identification of key stakeholders’ pressures that influence green supply chain management initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the Czech Republic has seen the largest changes in media ownership since the early 1990s. Most striking was the purchase of one of the largest publishing houses Mafra by the tycoon Andrej Babis in June 2013, followed by the takeover of the Czech branch of Ringier by other Czech businessmen later that year. The first case in particular instigated immense discussion about the economic and ethical crisis facing Czech journalism since Babis is also a powerful political figure (currently the Minister of Finance). In response, a significant number of leading, well-known journalists left media owned by big business and launched projects of quality or "slow" journalism which had until that point been merely discussed theoretically. This paper--based on the results of the Czech part of the Worlds of Journalism Study project--addresses the shift in the ways journalists perceive their roles and ethical responsibilities before and after the 2013 ownership changes. We also present the manner in which these changes are reflected in emerging media projects. It seems that those journalists not affected by the ownership change tend to view journalism ethics and the ability of journalism to exert power more seriously than before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines how businessmen and educators in Hawai'i have semiotically ‘translated’ sustainability to promote sustainability practices. Using data gathered from an educational institute that was co-founded by a corporation and a college, I analyse how the source discourse was, using Silverstein's term, ‘transformed’ so that the target discourse (or the signs used in the target discourse) invokes Hawaiian imageries rather than imageries of capitalism. Analyses reveal that changes to keywords of sustainability occur in a way that shifts possible local interpretations of them as cultural heritage, that is, as something ‘of Hawaiian’ and not ‘of white capitalists’. I argue that this translation effort assisted the concept's transmission by making ‘sustainability’ an inhabitable category of identity and by providing a model of a future in which locals can participate because it is now interpretable as having been modelled on the narrated past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of the retailer’s overconfident behavior on supply chain performance. We start with a basic model on the rational newsvendor model and investigate the retailer’s optimal ordering decision and expected profit. Next, we extend the basic model and introduce an overconfident retailer. We find that the retailer’s overconfident behavior does not necessarily damage the supply chain compared with the basic model when the overconfident level does not exceed a threshold. We also design the cooperation and buyback mechanism and conduct numerical analysis to compare the manufacturer’s and retailer’s expected profits and real profits with those in the basic newsvendor model. It can achieve Pareto improvement in the supply chain when the overconfident level is low. When the retailer’s overconfident level exceeds a threshold, the retailer’s ordering decision cannot make the whole supply chain sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the scheduling of supply chain with interrelated factories containing suppliers and manufacturers. These elements of the chain are positioned in series and thus the efficient design of the link among them would insure good performance of the whole. In this paper, jobs transportation among factories and also delivery to the customer can be performed by batch of jobs. The capacity of each batch is limited and the cost per batch delivery is fixed and independent of the number of jobs in the batch. Thus decision should be made on the number of batches, assignment of each job to a batch and also production and delivery scheduling of batches in each factory. The problem scrutinization is on the tradeoff between minimizing transportation cost and tardiness cost. A branch and bound method for solving this problem is presented. A lower bound and a standalone heuristic which is used as an upper bound are also introduced. Computational tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]