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Background Antepartum haemorrhage of unknown origin ( APHUO) is associated with preterm birth and perinatal mortality. Aim To determine whether smoking beyond the first trimester of pregnancy was an independent risk factor for APHUO. Methods Rates of APHUO were compared between non-smokers and smokers, and non-smokers and ceased smokers. Participants were healthy nulliparous women recruited to the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints ( SCOPE) prospective cohort study in New Zealand, Australia, Ireland and United Kingdom. Logistic regression was used to compare adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals ( OR, 95% CI) of APHUO between continued smokers and non-smokers, adjusting for possible confounders. Results Of the 3513 participants, 77.9% ( n = 2737) were non-smokers, 10.6% ( n = 371) ceased in the first trimester and 11.5% ( n = 405) continued smoking beyond the first trimester. APHUO rates were higher in smokers than non-smokers (7.4%, n = 30 vs 4.5%, n = 122; P = 0.01), but there was no difference between ceased smokers and non-smokers (4.3%, n = 16 vs 4.5%, n = 122; P = 0.90). Smoking was no longer significantly associated with APHUO after adjustment for confounders (adjusted OR = 1.28, 95% CI 0.76-2.14), but vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy (adjusted OR = 2.98, 95% CI 2.12-4.18) and overweight/obesity (adjusted OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.02-1.99) were independent risk factors. First trimester folic acid use was associated with a reduced risk (adjusted OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.25-0.77). Conclusion Smoking is not an independent risk factor for APHUO after adjustment for confounders, but other risk and protective factors have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe in-hospital resuscitation outcomes and factors associated with survival at Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand. Methods: The Utstein template for in-hospital cardiac arrests was used. A retrospective audit of all cardiac arrests 2004-06 determined patient demographics, resuscitation time intervals, interventions, survival and neurological outcome at 12 months. Factors associated with survival to discharge were explored with logistic regression. Results: There were 3470 in-hospital deaths. Resuscitation was attempted in 415 patients (12%), with survival to discharge 27.2%. Survival was higher in first rhythm VT/VF (52.7% vs 13.1%, χ2= 75.3, P < 0.001), when the arrest was 'In-Hours' (41.4% vs 17%, χ2= 30.1, P < 0.001) and with younger age (mean [SD] for survivors 59.4 [7.1] vs 69.1 [14] for non-survivors). These associations were independent predictors of survival after multivariate logistic regression, with OR 6.2 (95% CI 3.6-10.5), 3.1 (95% CI 1.8-5.4) and 1.04 (95% CI 1.02-1.06), respectively (all P < 0.001). Other univariate predictors of survival; cardiac arrest team on site, monitored arrest and time to CPR were not significant after multivariate logistic regression. Time intervals to arrest interventions were short. Twelve month neurological outcome was good (CPC1 or 2) in 97.1% (95% CI 91.6-99.4) of survivors. Conclusions: Survival from cardiac arrest in our hospital compared well to similar centres and good neurological outcome was higher than reported previously. Reduced survival during the 'After-Hours' period is cause for concern, and further research into the factors underlying this is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]