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2. NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings (Online, October 11-13, 2021). Book 1. Volume 4
- Author
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NORDSCI
- Abstract
This volume includes three sections of the 2021 NORDSCI international conference proceedings: (1) Education and Educational Research; (2) Language and Linguistics; and (3) Sociology and Healthcare. Education and Educational Research includes 15 papers covering the full spectrum of education, including history, sociology and economy of education, educational policy, strategy and technologies. This section also covers pedagogy and the education and socialization challenges post-COVID-19 pandemic. Language and Linguistics includes 7 papers covering topics related to theoretical, literary and historical linguistics, as well as stylistics and philology. The Sociology and Healthcare section has 15 papers covering topics related to human society, social structures, and social change, healthcare systems and healthcare services. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2021
3. Predicting Student Performance Using Teacher Observation Reports
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Fateen, Menna and Mine, Tsunenori
- Abstract
Studying for entrance examinations can be a distressing period for numerous students. Consequently, many students decide to attend cram schools to assist them in preparing for these exams. For such schools and for all educational institutes, it is necessary to obtain the best tools to provide the highest quality of learning and guidance. Performance prediction is one tool that can serve as a resource for insights that are valuable to all educational stakeholders. With accurate predictions of their grades, students can be further guided and fostered in order to achieve their optimal learning goals. In this regard, we target middle school students to be able to guide them on their educational journey as early as possible. We propose a method to predict the students' performance in entrance examinations using the comments that cram school teachers made throughout the lessons. Teachers in cram schools observe their student's behavior closely and give reports on the efforts taken in their subject material. We show that the teachers' comments are qualified to construct a tool that is capable of predicting students' grades efficiently. This is a new method because previous studies focus on predicting grades mainly using student data such as their reflection comments or earlier scores. Experimental results show that using readily available feedback from teachers can remarkably contribute to the accuracy of student performance prediction. [For the full proceedings, see ED615472.]
- Published
- 2021
4. Students' Perceptions about the Use of Digital Badges in an Online English Terminology Course: A Three-Year Study
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Iwata, Jun, Wang, Shudong, and Clayton, John
- Abstract
In e-learning environments, 'digital badges', often referred to as 'micro-credentials', are expected to function not only as valid indicators of learner's accomplishments but also as useful tools for motivational and reward purposes (Clayton, 2012). In this study, we investigated students' perceptions about the use of digital badges in an online terminology course we had developed (Iwata et al., 2017). We hypothesized that the badges which students earned for the course would not only function as an indicator of their achievement but also help enhance their learner autonomy. Through a three-year survey on students' perceptions of their course of study in this course, we found that a large majority of students (88.3%) were satisfied with their study through this course and that most of the students (69.7%) found the use of badges helpful in confirming their course achievements. The results also showed that two-thirds of them (64.3%) found that earning badges helped motivate them toward further autonomous study. These findings indicate that the use of digital badges can provide students with opportunities to enhance their learner autonomy[For the complete proceedings, see ED600837.]
- Published
- 2019
5. Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA) (16th, Cagliari, Italy, November 7-9, 2019)
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International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Sampson, Demetrios G., Ifenthaler, Dirk, Isaías, Pedro, and Mascia, Maria Lidia
- Abstract
These proceedings contain the papers of the 16th International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA 2019), held during November 7-9, 2019, which has been organized by the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) and co-organised by University Degli Studi di Cagliari, Italy. The CELDA conference aims to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There have been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality and multi-agent systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aims to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. Main tracks have been identified. However, innovative contributions that do not easily fit into these areas will also be considered as long as they are directly related to the overall theme of the conference -- cognition and exploratory learning in the digital age. The CELDA 2019 Conference received 87 submissions from more than 25 countries. Out of the papers submitted, 48 were accepted as full papers for an acceptance rate of 55%; 15 were accepted as short papers and one was accepted as a reflection paper. In addition to the presentation of full, short and reflection papers, the conference also includes one keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Baltasar Fernández Manjón, Director of the e-Learning Research Group e-UCM, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Spain. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2019
6. Psychological Applications and Trends 2019
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Pracana, Clara and Wang, Michael
- Abstract
This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2019, organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. The International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2019 received 322 submissions, from more than 35 different countries from all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. 107 submissions (overall, 33% acceptance rate) were accepted for presentation in the conference. The conference also included: (1) One keynote presentation by Prof. Dr. Glenys Parry (PhD, CPsychol, FBPsS, Emeritus Professor, School of Health & Related Research, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom). (2) Two Special Talks, one by Prof. Dr. Michael Wang (Emeritus Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom), and the other by Prof. Dr. Luís Delgado (Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities and Inclusion (APPsyCI) -- University Institute, Portugal). We would like to express our gratitude to all our invitees. The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. The conference program includes six main broad-ranging categories that cover diversified interest areas: (1) Clinical Psychology: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) Educational Psychology: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) Social Psychology: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; Addiction and stigmatization; and Psychological and social impact of virtual networks. (4) Legal Psychology: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) Cognitive and Experimental Psychology: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. This book contains the results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. We would like to thank all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [These proceedings were published by InScience Press. Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines. For the 2018 proceedings, see ED604953.]
- Published
- 2019
7. Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA) (15th, Budapest, Hungary, October 21-23, 2018)
- Author
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International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Sampson, Demetrios G., Ifenthaler, Dirk, and Isaías, Pedro
- Abstract
The aim of the 2018 International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA) conference was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There have been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality and multi-agent systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aims to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. Main tracks have been identified. However innovative contributions that do not easily fit into these areas will also be considered as long as they are directly related to the overall theme of the conference -- cognition and exploratory learning in the digital age. The CELDA 2018 Conference received 85 submissions from more than 31 countries. Each submission was reviewed in a double-blind review process by at least two independent reviewers to ensure quality and maintain high standards. Out of the papers submitted, 37 were accepted as full papers, 20 were accepted as short papers, and 5 were accepted as reflection papers. In addition to the presentation of full, short and reflection papers, the conference also includes one keynote presentation from internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Tobias Ley, Professor for Learning Analytics and Educational Innovation, Head of the Center of Excellence in Educational Innovation, Tallinn University, Estonia. Individual papers contain figures, tables, and references. An author index is provided.
- Published
- 2018
8. Assessing Japanese Junior High School Students' English Achievement through Computer-Based Testing in the Classroom: A Case of Integrated Reading-Into-Writing Continuous Task
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Niimi, Noriyasu and Matsuura, Nobukazu
- Abstract
Introduction: This paper describes the exploratory case and initial evaluation of the computer-based testing (CBT) prototype. The advantage of CBT over paper-based testing (PBT) is that it allows us to control the order of questions and provides test takers with continuous tasks capturing their thought processes. Additionally, their response process data such as response time (RT) can be obtained. Taking advantage of these, we created a CBT prototype in the classroom for Japanese junior high school students. Case description: A CBT model was created to assess integrated reading and writing ability and was administered to 32 junior high school students. Their process achievement and the relation between the process response and writing quality were analyzed. Students' RT for each screen was analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis. Discussion and evaluation: We identified not only students facing difficulties at each stage of a series of thought processes but also five clusters that include students spending too much time reading source texts or organizing their ideas. We suggest how CBT can be developed to identify students with difficulties and applied to teaching. Conclusions: CBT has the possibility of detecting students who are able to complete the language performance task by controlling the order of answers, asking questions sequentially, and obtaining RT effectively.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Family Structure and Children's Academic Achievement in Japan: A Quantile Regression Approach
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Tobishima, Shuji
- Abstract
This paper examines the influence of single parenthood on children's academic achievement in Japan. While some studies have examined the academic achievement gap associated with family structure, a limitation of existing research is the focus on differences between the mean levels of academic achievement of children in single-parent and two-parent families. Using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2012, this paper investigates the effects of single parenthood across the entire distribution of children's academic achievement by using quantile regression techniques. The results of quantile regression analyses indicated that the magnitude of the academic achievement gap between children in single-parent and two-parent families was not equal for each quantile of the conditional distribution of children's academic achievement. The negative effect of single motherhood on children's academic achievement was more profound at lower quantiles, whereas the negative effect of single fatherhood was more profound at the median level. Furthermore, the extent to which parents' education levels accounted for the negative effects of single parenthood was not equal for each quantile of the conditional distribution of children's academic achievement. The effects of single parenthood at lower quantiles were not well explained by parents' education levels, and this tendency was especially obvious in the academic achievement of children in single-father families. This result suggests that low academic achievement of children in single-mother families may be caused by the mothers' low education levels and accompanying low income, whereas poor academic achievement of children in single-father families is likely to be mainly due to the absence of mothers rather than the fathers' low education levels. Based on the empirical evidence obtained in this paper, policy implications regarding the significance and limitations of economic support for single-parent families in terms of reducing educational inequality are discussed.
- Published
- 2018
10. The Use of a Digital Badge as an Indicator and a Motivator
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Iwata, Jun, Telloyan, John, Murphy, Lynne, Wang, Shudong, and Clayton, John
- Abstract
Digital portfolios can provide a space where evidence of a learner's competency is stored and digital badges can be used in their portfolios as valid indicators of accomplishment, skill, knowledge, or interest. The authors issued "digital badges" to our students who successfully completed the modules of a Medical English Terminology course we developed on Moodle by using its badge function. The badges which students earned for the course were designed to function as a validated indicator of students' achievements to demonstrate to their teachers. We anticipated that the use of badges would not only help the learners confirm their achievements for the course but also help motivate them toward further autonomous study. Through a reflective questionnaire about the use of badges, about 77.5% of the students found the badge assessment system comprehensible and the great majority of students (87.2%) were satisfied with their study through this course. The questionnaire results also showed that 67.6% of the students found the use of badges helpful in confirming their course achievements and 63.7% of them found that earning badges helped motivate them toward further autonomous study. These findings indicate that while there is still room for improvement, the use of digital badges has the potential to provide students with opportunities to celebrate their achievements and enhance their learner autonomy for online self-study courses. [For the complete proceedings, see ED579282.]
- Published
- 2017
11. International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2017 (Budapest, Hungary, April 29-May 1, 2017)
- Author
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World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS) (Portugal), Pracana, Clara, and Wang, Michael
- Abstract
We are delighted to welcome you to the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2017, taking place in Budapest, Hungary, from 29 of April to 1 of May, 2017. Modern psychology offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, aims ultimately to benefit society. This International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. The conference is a forum that connects and brings together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. There is an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2017 received 243 submissions, from 35 different countries from all over the world, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference 128 submissions (29% acceptance rate). The conference also includes: (1) Two keynote presentations by Prof. Dr. Leslie G. Walker (Professor of Cancer Rehabilitation at the University of Hull, United Kingdom) and by Prof. Dr. Howard S. Schwartz (Professor of Organizational Behavior in the School of Business Administration, Oakland University, USA); and (2) Two Special Talks one by Prof. Dr. Michael Wang (Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom), and the other by Dr. António Alvim (Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Portugal). We would like to express our gratitude to all our invitees. This volume is composed by the papers of the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT 2017), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). The Conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. The conference program includes six main broad-ranging categories that cover diversified interest areas: (1) Clinical Psychology: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) Educational Psychology: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) Social Psychology: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; Addiction and stigmatization; and Psychological and social impact of virtual networks. (4) Legal Psychology: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) Cognitive and Experimental Psychology: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. This volume contains the papers and results of the different researches conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to study and develop research in areas related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters that are hereby sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, and of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines. For the 2016 proceedings, see ED580800.]
- Published
- 2017
12. The Impact of Employing Mobile Technologies and PCs for Learning Coursera Online Lectures and TOEIC Practice Kit
- Author
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Obari, Hiroyuki
- Abstract
Mobile (m)-learning is motivating to learners to improve foreign language skills, as it offers them a rich, informal, contextual, and ubiquitous learning environment. In this paper I report on the results of two empirical studies that focused on two projects, both of which incorporated e-learning and m-learning, to determine if a blended-learning environment could improve the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) (Educational Testing Service, 2011) and presentation skills of native Japanese undergraduate students. The goal of the first study was to examine the effectiveness of blended and mobile learning activities on the students' English language proficiency and oral communication skills. The second study focused skills. The second study focused on the use of an on-line TOEIC training kit. The results revealed that the students' communication skills improved as a result of the on-line activities. Questionnaires administered at the end of each study indicated the students were satisfied with the online Coursera lectures and motivated by the blended-learning environment incorporating m-learning. [For full proceedings, see ED565044.]
- Published
- 2013
13. Why Is Educationalization Ubiquitous but Marginal in Japan?: A Consideration on a Different Background of School Reforms
- Author
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Kuraishi, Ichiro
- Abstract
The concept of educationalization refers to the government's tendency to impose heavy responsibilities to solve social problems on the school system. In this paper, after briefly reviewing the concept of educationalization, I will show that it is a ubiquitous phenomenon in contemporary Japan through three cases. This will prove that school reforms intended to fix social problems are poorly resourced and powerless to change schools in general. This stagnation is due to (1) immature professionalism in educators, (2) loss of motivation for "conspicuous consumption", and (3) the absence of ideals, beliefs, and values to be expressed in school reform. Elsewhere, another series of school reforms are much favored, well-funded and powerful in Japan. After posing anti-ijime policies as the best example, I describe and analyze the background of this type by introducing the concept of "officialization of school problems". Strongly supported by school consumers, it has successfully received a hegemonic position. However, under the hegemony the relation between school and environment is over-simplified by the logic of neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism. After comparing both types, we find a modest utility of educationalization: it could interrupt the perpetuation of hegemonic ideologies and make it possible to see the outer world in its complicated reality.
- Published
- 2021
14. International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2016 (Lisbon, Portugal, April 30-May 2, 2016)
- Author
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World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS) (Portugal), Pracana, Clara, and Wang, Michael
- Abstract
We are delighted to welcome you to the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2016, taking place in Lisbon, Portugal, from 30 of April to 2 of May, 2016. Psychology, nowadays, offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, is aimed ultimately to benefit society. This International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. The conference is a forum that connects and brings together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. There is an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2016 received 332 submissions, from 37 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference 96 submissions (29% acceptance rate). The conference also includes: (1) A keynote presentation from Prof. Dr. Richard Bentall (Institute of Psychology, Health & Society of the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom); (2) Three Special Talks, one from Emeritus Professor Carlos Amaral Dias (University of Coimbra, Director of Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Vice-President of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Private practitioner of psychiatry and psychoanalysis, Portugal) and Prof. Clara Pracana (Full and Training member of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Portugal), another from Emeritus Professor Michael Wang (University of Leicester, United Kingdom), and a third one from Dr. Conceição Almeida (Founder of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy, and Vice-President of the Board. Member of the Teaching Committee, Portugal); (3) An Invited Talk from Dr. Ana Vasconcelos (SAMS--Serviços de Assistência Médico-Social do Sindicato dos Bancários de Sul e Ilhas, founding member of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, and member of NPA-Neuropshycanalysis Association, Portugal). Thus, we would like to express our gratitude to all our invitees. This volume is composed by the abstracts of the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT 2016), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). This conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program six main broad-ranging categories had been chosen, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) In EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) In SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; and Addiction and stigmatization. (4) In LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) In COGNITIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) In PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PSYCHOANALYTICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters by sharing their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. Authors will be invited to publish extended contributions for a book to be published by inScience Press. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, partners and, of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. (Individual papers contain references.) [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2016
15. Educational Social Media Tools: Promoting Student Investment and Language Identity in the Midst of Digital Surveillance
- Author
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Barnes, Melissa
- Abstract
There is increasing interest in how educational technologies can be used to promote and create meaningful learning opportunities and, more specifically, how social media tools can be harnessed to encourage language learning through online interactions. Educational social media tools, however, thrust student learning from a private space into a public one and raise ethical concerns regarding digital surveillance. Drawing from Norton's (2013) conceptualisation of language investment and identity and Bourdieu's (1990) thinking tools of habitus and field, this paper explores the attitudes and experiences of 30 Japanese exchange students studying at a high school in Australia, as they engage with the educational social media platform, Edmodo. This action research study aimed to encourage language investment by providing an online space for students to develop their English language identities in and amongst their Japanese peers. However, this study found that many of the participating students resisted and/or disliked using Edmodo because they felt restricted by the platform, highlighting the need for students to have a sense of autonomy in the midst of teacher control and surveillance. Additionally, this study reveals that the students who engaged regularly, and without the prompting of the teacher, were students who were academically stronger, suggesting that students' self-efficacy is closely linked to language investment and the willingness to develop their language identity.
- Published
- 2019
16. Exploring the Role of Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Learner Success in English Medium Instruction
- Author
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Thompson, Gene, Aizawa, Ikuya, Curle, Samantha, and Rose, Heath
- Abstract
English medium instruction (EMI) is a growing phenomenon in higher education contexts across the globe, and EMI programs are expanding rapidly in Japan as part of their internationalization efforts. This paper explores the relationship between student self-beliefs and their success in an EMI course within a bilingual business program. It analyzed direct measures of content course and preparatory course performances, proficiency, and questionnaire data from 139 students completing an English-mediated International Business course at a university in Japan. These data were supplemented by interviews with seven students. Multiple linear regression analysis found L2 proficiency, preparatory course performance, and self-efficacy to predict success in the EMI course. Our qualitative findings support these results, indicating that students with stronger efficacy put forth more effort and see course activities as development opportunities. These findings highlight the need for efficacy development opportunities for students entering EMI study.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Towards a Better Understanding of an Academic Success Center in an EMI Context
- Author
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Takeuchi, Hinako and Ruegg, Rachael
- Abstract
This project aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an academic success center at a Japanese public university, in terms of the reciprocal learning that took place during academic writing and reading tutorials and the academic achievement of tutees. Using a multi-method design, the researchers analyzed feedback data from tutors and tutees, and Grade Point Averages (GPA) of tutees and non-users. Questionnaire feedback from both peer tutors and tutees was analysed to understand what learning took place during sessions. The results from one semester of data collection and examples of learning shared by tutors and tutees on the feedback forms are explained. Additionally, a one-way ANOVA was conducted to compare GPA at the beginning and end of the semester, along with changes in GPA of tutees and non-users. This paper aims to contribute to better understanding the role for academic success centers, especially in relation to the growing context of English-medium instruction.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Academic Experiences in a Cross-National Tertiary Program: Language Immersion Amid the Sciences
- Author
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Sakurai, Yusuke
- Abstract
This paper explores Malaysian students' problems within their science and engineering tertiary courses in Japanese through their diary entries and semi-structured interviews. The study analyses how students implement management strategies to overcome their problems. Although many studies are available regarding students' academic activities in a foreign language, few of those have reported upon foreign students' academic experiences in Japanese science and engineering courses within their in-country program. The students predominantly had difficulties in writing experiment reports, understanding scientific concepts, and reading Chinese characters (kanji). Management strategies that they significantly employed to overcome their problems were peer cooperation and the use of internet resources. The paper discusses potential support that the program and the language course can provide for these students. (Contains 2 figures and 1 table.)
- Published
- 2009
19. Survival Strategies of International Undergraduate Students at a Public Research Midwestern University in the United States: A Case Study
- Author
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Tsevi, Linda
- Abstract
In this qualitative study, I explored the strategies that international undergraduate students at a public research Midwestern university in the United States employ to persist and survive their educational transition to achieve academic excellence. Using Tinto's (1987) theory of persistence as the theoretical framework, this paper employed a case study method. Five undergraduate international students were interviewed via semi-structured in-depth interviews. The findings indicated that students experienced both academic and non-academic challenges. Strategies adopted included involvement in out-of-classroom activities and dependence on family and friends. Recommendations include requiring academic counsellors and university administrators to devise curriculum and programs to assist international students. Further, the teaching faculty should reach out to students who have English language challenges.
- Published
- 2018
20. Practical Example of Introductory Engineering Education Based on the Design Process and Teaching Methodology Using a Gyro Bicycle
- Author
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Higa, Yoshikazu and Shimojima, Ken
- Abstract
This report describes a workshop on the Dynamics of Machinery based on the fabrication of a gyro- bicycle in a summer school program for junior high school students. The workshop was conducted by engineering students who had completed "Creative Research", an engineering design course at the National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College (Okinawa KOSEN). The paper reports on the approximately one month run-up to the workshop and describes the classroom scene on the day of presentation. At the close of the workshop, participants were asked to complete an evaluative questionnaire. Responses were quite positive with respect to the lecture slides, guidance and workshop content. On the instructor side, it was confirmed that to promote student understanding, communications and teaching skills are crucial, although it has a passive impression for the achievement level of the workshop.
- Published
- 2018
21. Secondary School Pupils' Achievements for Success in University Admissions: How a British Secondary School Evaluates Pupils to Expand Their Career Path?
- Author
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Matsubara, Naomi
- Abstract
University admissions are vital issues for secondary schools both in the United Kingdom and Japan; however, the qualifications for applicants are disparate in the two countries. Universities in the United Kingdom require applicants' academic performance as well as various achievements that relate to their chosen courses, while Japanese universities place great importance on entrance examination marks. This disparity in university admissions naturally contributes to the different types of secondary school education. This paper, whose author was born and raised in Japan, focuses on a British independent secondary school's evaluation method. The research clarifies the school evaluates a wide range of academic and non-academic activities through multiple open means which is in explicit contrast with Japanese schools' closed evaluation methods. In addition, by interviewing Japanese pupils who have experienced both Japanese and British education demonstrates the effectiveness of the British visible appreciation leading pupils to successful academic career paths.
- Published
- 2017
22. An Automatic Quiz Generation System Utilizing Digital Textbook Logs
- Author
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Mouri, Kousuke, Uosaki, Noriko, Hasnine, Mohammad, Shimada, Atsushi, Yin, Chengjiu, Kaneko, Keiichi, and Ogata, Hiroaki
- Abstract
This paper describes an automatic quiz generation system designed to support language learning that utilizes digital textbook logs. Learners often memorize words in digital textbooks while preparing for an examination, and they often use the highlight function for the words. Previous studies regarding annotations and highlights have shown that learning only by using the highlight function on important content in textbooks did not affect learning achievements. Therefore, in this study, we developed a system that can support the repeated learning by analyzing digital textbook logs and providing appropriate quizzes. An evaluation experiment involving 31 international students was conducted to assess whether the quizzes provided by our proposed system are able to enhance the learning achievements as compared to teacher-created quizzes. The results show that the quizzes by our proposed system and the teacher-created quizzes were both equally effective. A correlation analysis was conducted to identify the correlation among the learning achievements, the number of quizzes, and each variable in questionnaires. We found that there is a positive correlation between the number of quizzes and the students' learning achievements.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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23. Flipped Learning in an EFL Environment: Does the Teacher's Experience Affect Learning Outcomes?
- Author
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Leis, Adrian and Brown, Kenneth
- Abstract
In this paper, the authors discuss the findings of a quasi-experimental study of the flipped learning approach in an EFL environment. The authors investigated the composition-writing proficiency of two groups of Japanese university students (n = 38). The teacher of one of these groups had had much experience teaching with the flipped learning model, whereas the other teacher had had no experience. The first aim of the study was to discover if improvements in writing proficiency could be observed within each group. The results indicated that statistically significant improvements were seen both for students studying under a teacher with experience conducting flipped classrooms, t(16) = 4.80, p < 0.001, d = 1.27, and a teacher without flipped classroom experience, t(20) = 7.73, p < 0.001, d = 1.61. The second aim of the study was to investigate whether any differences in improvement between the two groups occurred. The results suggested that students in both groups improved at similar degrees: F(1, 36) = 0.087, p = 0.77. These results suggest that regardless of a teacher's experience with the flipped learning approach, it appears to be a successful way of teaching in EFL environments. The authors conclude that, regardless of the teacher's experience with the model, the flipped learning approach is an ideal way to increase the amount of individual coaching possible in the classroom, bringing about more efficient learning.
- Published
- 2016
24. Toward an International Comparison of Economic and Educational Mobility: Recent Findings from the Japan Child Panel Survey
- Author
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Akabayashi, Hideo, Nakamura, Ryosuke, Naoi, Michio, and Shikishima, Chizuru
- Abstract
In the past decades, income inequality has risen in most developed countries. There is growing interest among economists in international comparisons of economic and educational mobility. This is aided by the availability of internationally comparable, large-scale data. The present paper aims to make three contributions. First, we introduce the Japan Child Panel Survey (JCPS), the first longitudinal survey of school-age children that includes cognitive and non-cognitive measures, and plentiful household information. The JCPS was developed to measure dynamic inter-relationships among children's academic and social outcomes, their family background, and local policy and environment, in a way that allows comparison of the results with international data. Second, based on JCPS data, we present selected results of the dynamics of inequality in multiple indicators of children's educational and behavioral outcomes. We found that changes in cognitive achievement across parental income groups, the degree of mobility of cognitive test scores, and the correlation between the difficulty score and parental education in Japan are similar to those of other countries, such as the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Germany. Finally we discuss issues underlying the globalization of education research based on our experiences with the JCPS. We discuss reasons and strategies for further globalization of education research in Japan, and propose suggestions as to how Japanese education research can move toward better international collaboration, particularly in research on economic and educational mobility.
- Published
- 2016
25. Formative Assessment of Students from a Confucian Heritage Culture: Insights from Japan
- Author
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Wicking, Paul
- Abstract
Since the turn of the century there has been increasing interest in educational assessment and the ways in which it can encourage or discourage effective learning processes. Much of this interest has centered around formative assessment and those practices which can promote student learning through the act of being assessed. Societies that have a Confucian heritage culture are widely believed to prioritize summative assessment at the expense of formative assessment. This will inevitably impact the ways in which students from these countries approach and engage with assessment tasks. The present study seeks to understand the dispositions of students from one Confucian heritage culture though the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. The conceptions and experiences of university students in Japan were studied in order to provide direction for the development of formative assessment practice. Two data collection instruments were used: a self-report survey and a narrative frame task. The results indicate that students from Japan approach assessment tasks in a way that is at odds with some popular Confucian categories, such as intense competition, a desire to please the family, and the priority of book knowledge above practical skill. The paper concludes with pedagogical implications for teachers.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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26. Impact of Learner's Characteristics and Learning Behaviour on Learning Performance during a Fully Online Course
- Author
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Nakayama, Minoru, Mutsuura, Kouichi, and Yamamoto, Hiroh
- Abstract
A fully online learning environment requires effective learning management in order to promote pro-active education. Since student's notes are a reflection of the progress of their education, analysis of notes taken can be used to track the learning process of students who participate in fully online courses. This paper presents the causal relationships between student's characteristics, note-taking behaviour, learning experience, note assessment and test scores while the relationships between these metrics is examined. A fully online course for undergraduate students in Economics was conducted. Participants were asked to study each course module and present their notes to the lecturer every week. The student's learning performance was then measured using online tests, weekly confirmation tests, and a final exam. The total number of valid participants in the courses was 53. Three factors of note-taking behaviour were extracted according to the survey, and their relationships with other metrics were calculated. A structural equation modeling technique was used to track students' learning activity as note-taking occurred, using the scores of their metrics. The results of this modeling technique suggest that key factors and their contributions to test scores can be measured. Also, the factors which contribute to note-taking behaviour were examined.
- Published
- 2014
27. The Impact of PISA and the Interrelation and Development of Assessment Policy and Assessment Theory in Japan
- Author
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Ninomiya, Shuichi
- Abstract
PISA presents a new image for academic achievement, which has prompted Japanese education reforms over the past decade to innovate teaching and learning for 'PISA-style literacy'. Supported by theoretical foundations, particularly with regard to the concept of 'PISA literacy' and 'authentic assessment', these reforms have accomplished progress in the focus on higher order competencies, such as application and the development of new assessment strategies. However, more recently, various critical discussions of 'PISA literacy' are underway in the Japanese academy. They interrogate it more critically and reveal the narrow emphasis on functional application and technical operation. Current assessment practices, which tend to fall into 'criteria compliance', are in urgent need of review. There is a need to extend the critical discussions in progress to the new assessment strategies. This paper responds to this, by considering the Japanese acceptance of 'PISA literacy' and its assessment, discussing the features and limitations.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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28. OECD, 'Key Competencies' and the New Challenges of Educational Inequality
- Author
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Takayama, Keita
- Abstract
In this paper, I develop a critique of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)-based lifelong learning policy discourse with a particular focus on "key competencies" (KCs) and its equity implications for school curricular policies. First, I review the discussion of KCs in the writings by the OECD-affiliated researchers and other OECD documents. In so doing, I identify a marked decoupling of KCs from the initial lifelong learning policy framework. Then, I situate the discussion of KCs within the sociological critique of the new mode of learning deemed essential for a "knowledge society". I identify KCs' potential to naturalize the (re)production of inequalities through schooling and argue that this can be further compounded by the extraction of KCs from the lifelong learning policy discourse. Finally, I ground these expositions in the specific policy context of Japanese education, highlighting how KCs and its decoupled articulation pose a difficult policy dilemma for Japan's Ministry of Education attempting to address the widening class-based inequalities through schooling. Hence, this study critiques the contemporary school curriculum reform driven by KCs by tracing the flow of this concept from the international policy discourse down to the level of a national policy development. In conclusion, I call for curriculum studies to recognize the increasingly globalized curricular policy context and develop strategies for the new challenges of educational inequalities that confront us today. (Contains 1 note.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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29. School Facilities and Student Achievement in Industrial Countries: Evidence from the TIMSS
- Author
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Hopland, Arnt O.
- Abstract
This paper studies the link between school facilities (buildings and grounds) and student achievement in eight countries using data from the TIMSS 2003 database. The results indicate a negative relationship, but the estimated coefficients are mainly insignificant. Interestingly, the coefficients differ heavily across countries. Whereas there seem to be adverse consequences from poor facilities in Australia, The Netherlands and Japan, there is no significant effect in the remaining five countries. It remains an open question for future research why facilities seem to play such a different role across countries. The main lesson to be learnt from the present investigation is that school facilities seem to have different impact across countries.
- Published
- 2013
30. The Politics of International League Tables: PISA in Japan's Achievement Crisis Debate
- Author
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Takayama, Keita
- Abstract
Using the political-economic analysis of globalisation and education as well as a culturalist approach to education policy borrowing, the paper analyses the role of local actors, specifically, national newspapers and the Ministry of Education, in mediating the potentially homogenising curricular policy pressure of globalisation exerted through the PISA league tables. Using the recent Japanese education policy debate as a case study, the author demonstrates how the Japanese media interpreted the PISA 2003 findings in a way that resonated with the specific cultural, political, and economic context of the time and how the Ministry used the findings to legitimise otherwise highly contentious policy measures. Questioning the conventional interpretation that the PISA 2003 shock caused the Ministry to redirect its controversial "yutori" (low pressure) curricular policy, the paper reconstitutes the Ministry as an active agent that capitalised on an external reference (PISA) to re-establish its political legitimacy in a time of increasing neo-liberal state-restructuring. (Contains 10 notes.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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31. Academic Achievement Survey and Educational Assessment Research
- Author
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Tanaka, Koji
- Abstract
The recent "Nationwide academic achievement and study situation survey" was clearly influenced by the idea of "authentic assessment", an educational assessment perspective focused on "quality" and "engagement". However, when "performance assessment", the assessment method corresponding to this focus, is adopted in academic achievement surveys, it runs the risk of turning into a rigid hollow structure. In this paper I will reflect on the ideal application of performance assessment in academic achievement surveys, and will investigate the concepts of "consequential validity", "equity", and "moderation" in regard to their potential to further develop the discourse. (Contains 1 note.)
- Published
- 2009
32. Stereotypes as Anglo-American Exam Ritual? Comparisons of Students' Exam Anxiety in East Asia, America, Australia, and the United Kingdom
- Author
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Rappleye, Jeremy and Komatsu, Hikaru
- Abstract
East Asian dominance in international large-scale assessments is widely known. This is often explained as an outcome of highly competitive, exam-oriented education systems in East Asia, wherein students partake in a fierce competition for limited college entrance. Although achievement scores may be comparatively higher, the argument goes, the relative success comes at a steep price, with the emphasis on high-stakes tests heightening student stress and anxiety. In this paper we refute this persistent and out-dated stereotype by focusing on changes in Japanese education over the past several decades. The two original studies we report herein show that not only do Japanese students feel less school-related anxiety and stress than they once did, but these levels are now comparable to students in America, Australia, and the United Kingdom. In showing that stereotypes do not match empirical realities, we seek to open a richer discussion around East Asian student achievement. We conclude by extending the discussion to recent changes in China, Taiwan, and South Korea. We then raise the possibility that fundamentally different outlooks on the learning process explain both differences in achievement and the persistence of the West's distorted images of Japanese and East Asian education.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Continuing the Talk about American Education: A Memo to My Friend
- Author
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Jung, Eunjoo
- Abstract
This article, written as a memo to the author's friend in response to an earlier conversation, compares the American education system with that of Japan. First, the author examines cultural differences between Japan and America as a lens through which to look at these two countries. Then, Japanese and American schooling are compared in terms of four suggestions that the author's friend had proposed to improve American students' academic achievement. The four suggestions were: (1) more testing; (2) increased administrative oversight of teachers; (3) a return to basics; and (4) stronger discipline. Finally, the author shares a classroom model from a large-scale project and two simple yet effective ideas that offer promise for American students' academic, social, and ethical growth.
- Published
- 2008
34. Schools that Overcome the Disparities of Academic Achievements among Children: Searching for Japanese Effective Schools
- Author
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Shimizu, Kokichi
- Abstract
We reported the major findings of our research based on our own academic achievement tests towards elementary school and junior high school pupils in 2002. We then pointed out the fact that the differences of achievement between social groups have been expanded. Nowadays, that issue is seen to be one of the most serious educational problems in contemporary Japan. Although the differences of various educational outcomes such as academic achievements or educational aspirations between social groups are always emphasized, it is surprising that they seldom discuss about the ways in which those differences could be made smaller. I myself have been exploring the issue in these several years. In this paper, I will describe the progress and the future directions of our academic exploration on this particular educational issue. [This article was translated by Walter Dawson.] (Contains 2 figures, 3 tables, and 1 note.)
- Published
- 2007
35. Declining Symptom of Academic Productivity in the Japanese Research University Sector
- Author
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Arimoto, Akira
- Abstract
From a framework of this study, modern society may be explained by a paradigm transformation from ascription to achievement and also from particularism to universalism. According to this hypothesis, Japanese university society has not developed successfully for more than the closed society to the opened society. This paper intends to deal with the Japanese differentiated university stratification, which has been formed among these value orientations by connection of particularism and ascription, with a focus on its effects on the academic productivity including both research and teaching productivity. For example, a closed academic structure with an inbreeding mechanism in tate-shakai (vertical society) has brought about a great deal of effect either positively or negatively on academic system throughout the country. We intend to discuss the reasons behind the declining symptom of academic productivity of the university on the basis of the given framework.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Improving Teaching Does Improve Teachers: Evidence from Lesson Study
- Author
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Lewis, Catherine C., Perry, Rebecca R., Friedkin, Shelley, and Roth, Jillian R.
- Abstract
The authors comment on the article by Morris and Hiebert in three ways. First, they add thoughts about why improvement efforts often focus on teachers, rather than teaching. Second, they offer evidence from U.S. lesson study research that focus on teaching can improve both students' learning and teachers' learning. Finally, they suggest that the instructional products and common assessments advocated by Hiebert and Morris are not sufficient, and that they need to be accompanied by practice-based, collegial learning in which teachers build shared knowledge and commitments for the hard work of improvement. Their research indicates that lesson study focuses on teaching, but improves teachers as well, increasing mathematical knowledge and beliefs that support instructional improvement, as well as improving student learning. (Contains 2 figures.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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37. Political Geographies of Academic Development in Jamaica, Ethiopia and Japan: Reflections on the Impossibilities of Neutrality
- Author
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Chisholm, Mervin E., Jimma, Tefera Tadesse, Tatsuya, Natsume, and Manathunga, Catherine
- Abstract
The purpose of this dialogue was to begin grappling with notions of neutrality and academic development in three non-western contexts: (1) Jamaica; (2) Ethiopia; and (3) Japan. The authors were asked to describe the political geography of academic development in their countries and to explore questions of neutrality. This dialogue therefore tries to establish whether neutrality is a useful metaphor for academic development in the light of their countries' different histories and contexts. They briefly outline their responses, and then they present a reflection on the differences and similarities in the ways in which academic development plays out in their universities.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. A Model of L2 Vocabulary Learning and Retention
- Author
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Willis, Martin and Ohashi, Yoshie
- Abstract
Vocabulary is an essential component of language. It is central to reading ability, writing ability and listening ability, and the most important aspect of second-language (L2) knowledge for academic achievement. The aim of this paper is to investigate quantitatively some of the factors that make some L2 words more difficult to learn and retain over time than others. It builds upon similar research carried out by Milton and Daller which investigated the relationship between word difficulty and frequency, cognateness and word length, but differs from it in the type of test used to measure word difficulty and the ways in which cognateness and word length were operationalised. (Contains 1 figure, 6 tables, and 1 note.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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39. Exploring Motivational Factors for Educational Reform: Do International Comparisons Dictate Educational Policy?
- Author
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Stachelek, AJ
- Abstract
In mathematics education, utilizing international comparisons to support implementation of educational reforms has become increasingly common. With the advent of "Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study" (TIMSS), educational reform seems to have transitioned to a reactionary process rather than a calculated adaptation of current educational systems. These policy changes may be in response to a need to demonstrate international superiority, determined by these standardized tests. This paper explores the history of educational reform in Japan and Singapore to investigate possible connections between achievement levels and reforms each country made to their educational systems. Frank's Framework will be used to guide the analysis of their educational policies with a focus on how these countries use aspects of this framework to guide reform decisions, or if they use a narrow focus on the TIMSS results. These results can then be extended to the process of reform development in the United States.
- Published
- 2010
40. Large-Scale Assessment Systems: Design Principles Drawn from International Comparisons
- Author
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Black, P. and Wiliam, D.
- Abstract
In recent years, a number of analyses assessments used in different countries have appeared. Analyses emerging from international comparisons such as Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) have focused on what might be termed "cross-sectional" comparisons; examining the differences between the assessments in different national systems for students of the same age. Other studies have focused on the study of systems of assessments within a single country, looking at the articulation between the various assessments taken by students at the same ages (another form of cross-sectional analysis within a single system), and by the sequence of assessments taken by an individual over the course of their schooling (a longitudinal focus within a single system). The purpose of this paper is to try to combine both approaches, through the comparison of assessment "systems". The authors' aim is to look at the differences in assessment systems in different countries in order to try to identify the critical design issues. In this context, design issues are not just the features that are designed into the system by its architects. Design issues also include those features of the system that emerge unplanned, but might have panned out differently if different decisions had been taken in the development of the system (good examples of this latter category are the issue of the rate of increase of spread of attainment in the cohort over time, or sex differences in performance). (Contains 4 figures and 4 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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41. Common Problems, Different Solutions
- Author
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Glenn, Charles L.
- Abstract
The provision, in most industrialized democracies, of public funding for schools that differ from the state system in religion or pedagogy has the effect of encouraging philosophical diversity and school-level decision making alongside a substantial degree of curriculum alignment and with various forms of government protection for the interests of at-risk pupils. Each has found its own way to balance between autonomy and accountability, between freedom and justice; this article reflects on the particular balance point adopted by Denmark, France, and Spain. It is not often that American policymakers interest themselves in how other countries organize their educational systems. Now and then, it is true, the public is warned that American students fare poorly by comparison with those in many of the other industrialized nations, and there have been some valuable studies of classroom practices in Japan and elsewhere that could be--but seldom are--suggestive for American educators. All in all, though, American debates about education occur in a sort of vacuum, and it is common for the future teachers in my classes at Boston University to protest that circumstances in this country are so unique that we have nothing to learn from other countries and their educational systems.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Using International Comparative Studies to Develop the Theoretical Framework of Educational Effectiveness Research: A Secondary Analysis of Timss 1999 Data
- Author
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Kyriakides, Leonidas
- Abstract
This paper is concerned with the importance of testing and developing integrated multilevel educational effectiveness models through comparative studies in educational effectiveness. It is argued that secondary analyses of international comparative studies could help researchers test and develop integrated multilevel educational effectiveness models. To support this argument, a secondary analysis of TIMSS 1999 data was conducted in order to provide empirical support to the comprehensive model of educational effectiveness. A secondary aim of this analysis was to shed light on the value of the results that can be obtained from comparative studies in educational effectiveness. The methods used to conduct the secondary analysis and its main results are presented. Finally, the implications of the findings for the development of a theoretical framework of educational effectiveness research are drawn. (Contains 1 table.)
- Published
- 2006
43. Private Supplementary Tutoring: Comparative Perspectives on Patterns and Implications
- Author
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Bray, Mark
- Abstract
Private supplementary tutoring has long been a major phenomenon in parts of East Asia, including Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan. In recent times it has grown dramatically in other parts of Asia and in Africa, Europe and North America. The factors underlying the growth of private tutoring vary, but in all settings it has major implications for learning and livelihood. Families with the necessary resources are able to secure not only greater quantities but also better qualities of private tutoring. Children receiving such tutoring are then able to perform better in school, and in the long run to improve their lifetime earnings. By contrast, children of low-income families who do not receive such benefits may not be able to keep up with their peers and may drop out of school at an earlier age. Tutoring also of course has a direct impact on the livelihoods of the tutors, providing employment and incomes for a range of professionals and amateurs of different age groups. The dynamics of inter-relationships are complex, and vary from one setting to another. This paper argues that private supplementary tutoring deserves much more attention from policy makers and researchers. (Contains 1 table.)
- Published
- 2006
44. School Science Achievement in Japan and Singapore: A Tale of Two Cities
- Author
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Aun, Toh Kok, Riley, Joseph P., Atputhasamy, Lourdusamy, and Subramaniam, R.
- Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts school science achievement between two top scoring nations, Japan and Singapore, on the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) assessments. The first part of the study is devoted to examining cross-national comparisons on selected background questions administered in the TIMSS survey, while the second part examines selected educational attributes and practices that might help explain their consistently high achievement in science. Attention to TIMSS data has chiefly focused on the achievement gap between US and other nations. This report moves beyond US deficit comparisons to examine results and programs of high achieving nations to better inform efforts to close the gaps.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Learning To Live Together: The Japanese Model of Early Years Education.
- Author
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Whitburn, Julia
- Abstract
Argues that the Japanese model of early years education enables children to make comparatively fast progress once they begin elementary schooling. Asserts that the understanding of group behavior and needs of other children contributes to children's sharing of responsibility and positive learning attitudes. Maintains that preschool routines combined with free play and teacher-directed activities help children become more self-reliant and self-confident when they begin formal schooling. (Author/KB)
- Published
- 2003
46. The Problem with Comparisons.
- Author
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Hurn, Christopher J.
- Abstract
Contrasting American education with that of other countries, compares systems that differ profoundly in objectives, values, and organization. The American decentralization, lack of a national examination system, and values of egalitarianism, utilitarianism, and individualism work against the single-minded concentration on academic goals of other industrialized nations. (MLF)
- Published
- 1983
47. A Permanent Agenda for Science Teachers. Part I: International Innovations.
- Author
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Brandwein, Paul F. and Glass, Lynn W.
- Abstract
The differences between schools in the United States, Japan, and Russia are discussed. An analysis of the culture of the United States to direct science teaching and learning toward the end that will allow the open society to survive has been proposed. (KR)
- Published
- 1991
48. Comparing Opportunity. Further Research on Educational Opportunity.
- Author
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Meijnen, G. Wim and Peschar, Jules L.
- Abstract
Six papers review international issues in educational opportunity, with emphasis on Europe and Japan. The various contributions provide confirmation that, although the connection between school success and social background continues to resist educational measures, an increase in the average level of education is becoming apparent. (SLD)
- Published
- 1991
49. When can academic researchers rest? An event history analysis on researchers' research productivity and promotion in academia from 1980 to 2016 in Japan.
- Author
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Fujiwara, Ayano
- Subjects
EVENT history analysis ,ACADEMIC achievement ,PROBABILITY theory ,EMPLOYEE promotions - Abstract
This study analyzed the factors required for a researcher to become a professor in the humanities and sociology, science and engineering, medicine and biology, and general studies fields. The study focuses on research productivity and analyzes the impact of hiatuses in research production on promotion in universities as well as the time at which such hiatuses have the least impact on promotions. I divided the factors required for promotion into three categories: academic performance (the number of published articles, books, and competitive grants and funding sources acquired), social elements (gender), and elements related to the duration of periods with no research output and their timing. The results show that the probability of promotion to professorship increases as the number of papers in Scopus, the number of books published, and the amount of acquired competitive funds increase. As expected, longer declines in research productivity reduce the probability of promotion. However, it is not always necessary for researchers to publish continuously throughout their careers; the results show that a decline in research productivity other than during the first five years and the period from 20 to 30 years after the start of the research career has no influence on academic promotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. We Can Raise Standards.
- Author
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Walberg, Herbert J.
- Abstract
Compares the educational productivity of the United States with that of Japan and explains how confusion of policies, lower standards, and demographic trends have contributed to this situation. States that, given the willpower, we can utilize research findings to increase our national achievement standards. (MLF)
- Published
- 1983
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