Search

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that dietary vitamin C is inversely associated with gastric cancer (GC), but most of them did not consider intake of fruit and vegetables. Thus, we aimed to evaluate this association within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, a consortium of epidemiological studies on GC. METHODS: Fourteen case-control studies were included in the analysis (5362 cases, 11,497 controls). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between dietary intake of vitamin C and GC, adjusted for relevant confounders and for intake of fruit and vegetables. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using mixed-effects logistic models with second-order fractional polynomials. RESULTS: Individuals in the highest quartile of dietary vitamin C intake had reduced odds of GC compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.72). Additional adjustment for fruit and vegetables intake led to an OR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.98). A significant inverse association was observed for noncardia GC, as well as for both intestinal and diffuse types of the disease. The results of the dose-response analysis showed decreasing ORs of GC up to 150-200 mg/day of vitamin C (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.71), whereas ORs for higher intakes were close to 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our pooled study suggest that vitamin C is inversely associated with GC, with a potentially beneficial effect also for intakes above the currently recommended daily intake (90 mg for men and 75 mg for women).

Blackberry deteriorates rapidly after harvest due to its sensitive structure, limiting their storage time to about a week and resulting in significant economic losses. The study was conducted to determine the effects of salicylic acid applications on postharvest fruit quality in blackberries, the harvested fruit was immersed in salicylic acid solutions prepared at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM for 15 min. Measurements and analyses such as weight loss, decay rate, soluble solids contents (SSC), pH, acidity, respiration rate, vitamin C, organic acids, and phenolic compounds were performed on fruits stored for 12 days with intervals of 4 days. Applying salicylic acid to fruits resulted in significantly less weight loss and decay rate. Salicylic acid application was effective in increasing SSC rate and decreasing titratable acidity with increasing storage time, and lower SSC and higher titratable acidity were measured with this application. Salicylic acid maintained organic acids and vitamin C postharvest. The decreases in individual phenolic compound levels occurred with extended storage time. Salicylic acid application generally was effective in maintaining concentrations of phenolic compounds during storage, and it was found to be effective on fruit quality, with effectiveness varying depending on application dosage. The study identified 1.5 mM as the most effective dosage of salicylic acid, which could be utilized to maintain postharvest quality and extend cold storage in blackberries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of presented study was to test nutritional properties of potato tubers and silver ions accumulation pattern after foliar application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) during potato vegetation. Potato plants were sprayed with different concentration of Ag nanoparticles (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg·dm−3) synthesized with incorporation with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sodium citrate as stabilizing agent. The lowest amounts of silver ions were transported to the tubers after spraying with AgNPs synthesized with SDS, rather than with citrate. Nevertheless silver ions accumulation in tubers was negligible. SDS method of synthesis was more favourable in terms of nutritional properties of potato tubers. The highest tested concentration of AgNPs_SDS had a favourable effect on a variety of macro- and micronutrients, ascorbic acid and soluble sugars. In turn, lower concentrations of AgNPs_SDS increased the content of phenolic compounds and free radical scavenging efficiency of tubers. These correlations were also confirmed by Principal Component Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to discover new strategy to enhance agricultural productivity while minimizing negative effects on cultivation system is the driving force behind much novel research. Little is known about the use of natural growth promoters, in combination with Spirulina algae extract (Sae), on plants' quality and quantity characteristics. This can be an effective strategy to reduce the impact of environmental stress on plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of natural growth promoters in combination with Sae on the functional properties and enzymatic activity of Cape gooseberry plants. For this purpose, natural growth stimulants, Kitoplus® and Azotobacter, were foliar applied to plants in a completely randomized factorial design under greenhouse conditions, with varying concentrations of Sae. Results indicated that the use of Sae in conjunction with natural growth promoters had a significant impact on increasing the yield of Cape gooseberry plants. The study found that using Kitoplus® and Spirulina extract at a concentration of 0.5% increased the yield of Cape gooseberry plants by 35.82% compared to control plants, with a yield of 310.43 g per plant. The leaves of Physalis plants treated with 0.5% Kitoplus®, Azotobacter biofertilizer, and Sae had the highest amount of chlorophyll, which was observed to be 46.2%, 40.1%, and 32.3% higher than that of control, respectively. Exposure to Kitoplus® (0.5%) and Azotobacter biofertilizer (0.5%) resulted in the highest percentage (25.49%) of dry to fresh weight ratio (DF) per fruit in the plant. Additionally, plants treated with Kitoplus® at 0.5% in combination with Azotobacter (0.5%) and Sae (0.5%) showed a 14.83% increase in vitamin C (VITC) levels compared to control plants. The highest levels of total antioxidant content (73.8%) and total carbohydrate content were obtained from plants treated with Spirulina algae extract spray at a concentration of 0.5% in the presence of Kitoplus® and Azotobacter. Results also showed that the highest activity of peroxidase (POD) (by 43.5% and 38.8%) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (by 29.1% and 28.4%) enzymes was observed in plants sprayed with natural growth promoters in the presence of Spirulina algae extract at concentrations of 0.25% and 0.5%, respectively. Overall, this research opens the possibility of utilizing foliar spray of effective biostimulants in combination with Sae to improve the quantity and quality of Cape gooseberry plants. Implementing this simple, safe, eco‐friendly, and low‐cost management tool can result in nutritionally rich fruit that benefits the consumer at little or no additional cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based upon vanadium-doped nickel oxide composite with graphitic carbon nitride. The g-C 3 N 4 was prepared by annealing Urea at 550 °C for 3 h in a muffle furnace. The nanocomposite was synthesized using a microwave-assisted method, followed by thermal annealing at different temperatures. The successful formation of V–NiO/g-C 3 N 4 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. SEM images show the layered sheets with porous structure, which depends on annealing temperature; as we increase the temperature, the porosity increases. Afterwards, the electrochemical sensing properties were verified by CV, LSV, DPV, and amperometric studies in 0.2 M KOH in the presence of Ascorbic acid and Dopamine. The experimental results show that our prepared sample has excellent electrochemical biosensing abilities towards AA and DA with LOD 1.16 μM and 0.16 μM, respectively. It also offers good selectivity, exceptional reproducibility, and long-term stability owing to the combined effect of NiO and g-C 3 N 4. Finally, the electrochemical sensing of H 2 O 2 was detected in the same environment by conducting CV and amperometric studies. Our modified electrode has proven its noble ability to sense H 2 O 2 with excellent repeatability, stability and low LOD 0.2 μM with a wide linear working range (0.5 mM–4 mM). It has the potential to be used for multi-molecule selection biosensing with excellent selectivity and sensitivity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramics is a promising material that has been widely used as artificial bones. However, most available investigations were devoted to new material development and implant structure design, while few of studies focused on innovative hybrid implants that can act not only as implants but also as surgery tools for solving specific health issues. This paper innovatively designed and additively-manufactured a zirconia ceramic surgery tool, which can not only act as a drilling tool, but also retain itself in the drilled hole after the surgery as bone scaffold, at the meantime delivery active ingredient (Vitamin C) for fast recovery. To achieve early intervention, the proposed zirconia ceramic tool was additively manufactured with inter-connected pore structures that can benefit the recovery. The zirconia ceramic surgery tools (with 50 %, 70 % and 80 % porosity) showed the required mechanical properties to act as a drilling tool. The tool also showed drug releasing function with the different diffusion rates based on drug diffusion experiments. The zirconia ceramic tool with Vitamin C coating also showed enhanced cell adhesion and accelerated cell growth based on the osteoblast induction assessment. Based on above, the proposed zirconia ceramic tool is expected to bring new possibilities for wide applications of ceramic tools in surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) is an important food crop in developing nations, with its tubers and leaves being a source of ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin (vitamins) and calcium, iron, potassium, and zinc (minerals). Malnutrition prevalence in some Kenyan Counties that relied on cassava‐based diets has partly been attributed to processing methods and/or nutrient bioaccessibility. The study area Kilifi County grows Kibandameno and Tajirika cassava varieties and is on record for high prevalence of undernutrition. The levels of vitamins and minerals, and their bioaccessibility in raw, boiled, and deep‐fried tubers, and pounded then boiled leaves of Kibandameno and Tajirika cassava varieties were studied. Digestion was done using static gastrointestinal digestion prior to the determination of vitamins (by HPLC) and minerals (by AAS and AES). Bioaccessibility of both vitamins and minerals was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in boiled followed by deep‐fried and lowest in raw tubers. Bioaccessibility ranged between 27% (Fe)–85% (vitamin C) in boiled, 20% (Fe)–79% (vitamin B1) in deep‐fried, and 15% (Fe)–(72% (K) in raw tubers. Bioaccessibility in processed leaves was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in raw. This ranged between 11% (Fe)–81% (vitamin B1) in processed and between 8% (Fe)–67% (K) in raw leaves. Processing therefore significantly reduced levels of ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, potassium, and zinc in raw tubers and leaves of Kibandameno and Tajirika Manihot esculenta Crantz varieties. Their bioaccessibility however significantly increased, being higher in tubers than in leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fenugreeks (Trigonella L. spp.), are well-known herbs belonging to the family Fabaceae, whose fresh and dried leaves have nutritional and medicinal value. In the present study, the content of phytochemical traits (essential oil, diosgenin, trigonelline, total phenol, total flavonoid, total saponins, and total tannins), bitterness value, pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid, β-carotene, and anthocyanin), vitamins (group B vitamins and ascorbic acid), minerals, and antioxidant activity of thirty cultivated populations belonging to ten Trigonella species were evaluated. The species and populations were significantly different in all studied parameters. A significant positive and negative correlation (p < 0.05) was also observed between the studied parameters. In total, T. teheranica, T. elliptica, and T. foenum-graecum were distinguished as superior species. The results showed that fenugreeks leaves can be considered as a valuable source of food and phytochemical compounds. The obtained data can be help to expand the inventory of wild and cultivated Trigonella species for further exploitation of rich chemotypes in the new foods and specific applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Kiwifruit, belonging to the genus Actinidia, represents a unique fruit crop characterized by its modern cultivars being genetically diverse and exhibiting remarkable variations in morphological traits and adaptability to harsh environments. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying such morphological diversity remain largely elusive. Results: We report the high-quality genomes of five Actinidia species, including Actinidia longicarpa, A. macrosperma, A. polygama, A. reticulata, and A. rufa. Through comparative genomics analyses, we identified three whole genome duplication events shared by the Actinidia genus and uncovered rapidly evolving gene families implicated in the development of characteristic kiwifruit traits, including vitamin C (VC) content and fruit hairiness. A range of structural variations were identified, potentially contributing to the phenotypic diversity in kiwifruit. Notably, phylogenomic analyses revealed 76 cis-regulatory elements within the Actinidia genus, predominantly associated with stress responses, metabolic processes, and development. Among these, five motifs did not exhibit similarity to known plant motifs, suggesting the presence of possible novel cis-regulatory elements in kiwifruit. Construction of a pan-genome encompassing the nine Actinidia species facilitated the identification of gene DTZ79_23g14810 specific to species exhibiting extraordinarily high VC content. Expression of DTZ79_23g14810 is significantly correlated with the dynamics of VC concentration, and its overexpression in the transgenic roots of kiwifruit plants resulted in increased VC content. Conclusions: Collectively, the genomes and pan-genome of diverse Actinidia species not only enhance our understanding of fruit development but also provide a valuable genomic resource for facilitating the genome-based breeding of kiwifruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Migraine is an episodic disorder and a frequent form of headache. An impaired balance between free radical production and an impaired antioxidant defense system leading to oxidative damage may play a major role in migraine etiology. We sought to investigate whether dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) is associated with migraine intensity and frequency among women suffering from migraine. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 women. The data related to anthropometric measures and dietary intake were collected. DAQS score was calculated based on FFQ (food frequency questionnaire) vs. the reference daily intake (RDI) quantity. To measure migraine intensity, the migraine disability assessment questionnaire (MIDAS) and visual analog scale (VAS) were used. The frequency of headaches was defined as the days the participants had headaches in the last month and a 30-day headache diary was used. Results: The results of the study demonstrated that VAS, MIDAS, and frequency of headaches were reduced significantly from the low DAQS (poor quality of antioxidants) to high DAQS (high quality of antioxidants) after adjusting covariates. Also, multinomial regression showed there was an inverse association between higher DAQS and the frequency of headaches. In the adjusted model, subjects with the higher DAQS were 69% less likely to have moderate migraine disability, compared with those with the lower DAQS. Linear regression showed, there was an inverse association between vitamin C intake and the grades of pain severity.َAlso in a crude model, a negative association was found between vitamin E and the frequency of headaches. Conclusion: In conclusion, Participants with higher DAQS had lower migraine intensity and headache frequency. In addition, the consumption of vitamin C may potentially associate with decreasing the severity of headaches. Dietary antioxidants should be monitored closely in individuals suffering from migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adzuki bean, an important legume crop, exhibits poor tolerance to low temperatures. To investigate the effect of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on the physiological metabolism and yield resistance of adzuki bean under low-temperature stress, we conducted a potted experiment using Longxiaodou 4 (LXD 4) and Tianjinhong (TJH) as test materials and pre-sprayed with exogenous ABA at flowering stage continuously for 5 days with an average of 12°C and an average of 15°C, respectively. We found that, compared with spraying water, foliar spraying exogenous ABA increased the activities of antioxidants and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants, effectively inhibited the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, O2-· production rate. Exogenous ABA induced the activation of endogenous protective mechanisms by increasing antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as elevated levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants including ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, the yield loss of 5.81%-39.84% caused by chilling stress was alleviated by spraying ABA. In conclusion, foliar spraying exogenous ABA can reduce the negative effects of low-temperature stress on the yield of Adzuki beans, which is essential to ensure stable production of Adzuki beans under low-temperature conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To survive in challenging environments, animals must develop a system to assess food quality and adjust their feeding behavior accordingly. However, the mechanisms that regulate this chronic physiological food evaluation system, which monitors specific nutrients from ingested food and influences food-response behavior, are still not fully understood. Here, we established a low-quality food evaluation assay system and found that heat-killed E. coli (HK-E. coli), a low-sugar food, triggers cellular UPRER and immune response. This encourages animals to avoid low-quality food. The physiological system for evaluating low-quality food depends on the UPRER (IRE-1/XBP-1) - Innate immunity (PMK-1/p38 MAPK) axis, particularly its neuronal function, which subsequently regulates feeding behaviors. Moreover, animals can adapt to a low-quality food environment through sugar supplementation, which inhibits the UPRER -PMK-1 regulated stress response by increasing vitamin C biosynthesis. This study reveals the role of the cellular stress response pathway as physiological food evaluation system for assessing nutritional deficiencies in food, thereby enhancing survival in natural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Micronutrients play pivotal roles in modulating various aspects of the immune response. However, the existing literature on the association between micronutrients and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) remains limited and contentious. To address this gap, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential links between genetically predicted concentrations of six micronutrients (Copper (Cu), Iron (Ir), Calcium (Ca), Vitamin D (VD), Vitamin C (VC), Zinc (Zn)) and the risk of AIT. Method: Utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European descent, we employed MR methodologies to elucidate the interplay between micronutrients and AIT. Three distinct MR techniques were employed: Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and Weighted Median Estimator (WME). Additionally, we evaluated outcome heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic and assessed pleiotropy using the MR-Egger intercept. Result: IVW analysis revealed no substantial evidence supporting a significant impact of genetically predicted micronutrient concentrations on AIT risk (Cu: OR = 0.918, P = 0.875; Ir: OR = 0.653, P = 0.264; Ca: OR = 0.964, P = 0.906; VD: OR = 0.717, P = 0.378; VC: OR = 0.986, P = 0.875; Zn: OR = 0.789, P = 0.539). Cochran’s Q test for IVW indicated no notable heterogeneity. Moreover, the MREgger intercept method suggested the presence of horizontal pleiotropy between serum VC levels and AIT (MR-Egger intercept = −0.037, p = 0.026), while no such pleiotropy was observed for other micronutrients. Conclusion: Our MR analysis does not support a causal relationship between genetically predicted concentrations of six micronutrients (Cu, Ir, Ca, VD, VC, and Zn) and the risk of AIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes Mellitus Type II (DM-II) and periodontitis are interlinked chronic conditions with complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Micronutrient deficiencies have been implicated in both conditions, but the evaluation of their serum profile in individuals with DM-II and periodontitis remains underexplored. Understanding the micronutrient status in these populations could provide valuable insights into their nutritional needs and potential therapeutic interventions. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from DM-II patients with periodontitis (n=50), healthy individuals with periodontitis (n=50), and healthy controls without periodontitis (n=50). Micronutrient analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify levels of vitamins (e.g., A, C, D, E), minerals (e.g., zinc, iron, magnesium), and antioxidants (e.g., selenium, glutathione). Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and post-hoc tests to compare micronutrient levels among the groups. Results: In DM-II patients with periodontitis, serum levels of vitamin C were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to both healthy individuals with periodontitis and healthy controls without periodontitis. Similarly, levels of vitamin D and zinc were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in DM-II patients with periodontitis compared to healthy controls without periodontitis. However, no significant differences were observed in the levels of other micronutrients among the groups. Conclusion: This study highlights distinct alterations in the serum micronutrient profile of DM-II patients with periodontitis, particularly lower levels of vitamin C, D, and zinc. These findings suggest the importance of nutritional interventions targeting these deficiencies in managing the comorbidity of DMII and periodontitis. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanistic links between micronutrient status and the pathogenesis of these chronic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effects of Bacopa monnieri extract on alcohol-induced toxicity in rats, focusing on its hypolipidemic and cardioprotective properties. For a period of 30 days, the experimental rats were orally intoxicated with alcohol (2 g/kg body weight) daily. Simultaneously, Bacopa monnieri extract was administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. The results of the study revealed that the rats subjected to alcohol-induced toxicity experienced a significant reduction in antioxidant defense systems, such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid, while the activity of glutathione-S-transferase was enhanced compared to the control group. Additionally, the alcoholinduced group exhibited increased levels of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), as well as a significant decrease in phospholipids (PL). However, when Bacopa monnieri was supplemented along with alcohol, it significantly improved the antioxidant status and normalized the lipid profiles. These findings suggest that Bacopa monnieri possesses cardioprotective and hypolipidemic activities, which provide protection against alcohol-induced toxicity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Latin American countries have shifted from traditional diets rich in micronutrients to a Westernized diet rich in high energy-dense foods and low in micronutrients. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of adequate micronutrient intakes in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. Method: Micronutrient dietary intake data were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 from 9216 men and women aged 15.0 to 65.0 years living in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-hour recalls on nonconsecutive days. Micronutrient adequacy of intake was calculated using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-off method. Results: In general terms, the prevalence of inadequate intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, cobalamin, iron, phosphorus, copper, and selenium ranged from 0.4% to 9.9%. In contrast, the prevalence of inadequacy of pyridoxine, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin A ranged from 15.7% to 51.5%. The nutrients with a critical prevalence of inadequacy were magnesium (80.5%), calcium (85.7%), and vitamin D (98.2%). The highest prevalence of inadequate intakes was observed in the low educational level, participants with overweight/obesity, in men, and varies according to socioeconomic status. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to define direct regional actions and strategies in Latin America aimed at improving micronutrient adequacy, either through staple food fortification programs, agronomic biofortification, or food policies that facilitate economic access to micronutrient-rich foods. Plain language title: Description of the Vitamin and Mineral Consumption Status in Urban Cities of Latin America: Results of the Latin American Health and Nutrition Study. Plain language summary: Vitamins and minerals are essential for maintaining good health. However, traditional Latin American diets are changing to include foods that have a lot of sugar and fat but fewer vitamins and minerals. This study was designed to analyze the consumption of these nutrients in urban cities of 8 Latin American countries. We collected food consumption information from September 2014 to August 2015 from 9216 men and women between 15 and 65 years old using a method called 24-hour recall. To find out if participants were consuming the necessary daily amounts of vitamins and minerals, intakes were compared with the daily recommended amounts suggested by the Institutes of Medicine of the United States. We found that Latin American urban populations consume fewer vitamins and minerals than recommended. In some cases, few people do not consume the required amounts of vitamins and minerals, but in other cases, many do not. For example, few do not consume enough thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, cobalamin, iron, phosphorus, copper, and selenium. However an intermediate number of people do not consume enough pyridoxine and zinc, a high number consume little vitamin C and vitamin A, and many people consume very little magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D. We found that the people who consume fewer vitamins and minerals are mostly males, overweight/obese, have lower education and varies according to their financial resources. A deficient intake of vitamins and minerals showed up in most age groups, from adolescence to adulthood. To improve vitamins and minerals intake, it is important that some foods that are frequently eaten are fortified or that the price of foods that are high in vitamins and minerals is lowered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic and non-transmissible disease, triggers a wide range of micro- and macrovascular complications. The differentiation of pancreatic β-like cells (PβLCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a promising avenue for regenerative medicine aimed at treating diabetes. Current differentiation protocols strive to emulate pancreatic embryonic development by utilizing cytokines and small molecules at specific doses to activate and inhibit distinct molecular signaling pathways, directing the differentiation of iPSCs into pancreatic β cells. Despite significant progress and improved protocols, the full spectrum of molecular signaling pathways governing pancreatic development and the physiological characteristics of the differentiated cells are not yet fully understood. Here, we report a specific combination of cofactors and small molecules that successfully differentiate iPSCs into PβLCs. Our protocol has shown to be effective, with the resulting cells exhibiting key functional properties of pancreatic β cells, including the expression of crucial molecular markers (pdx1, nkx6.1, ngn3) and the capability to secrete insulin in response to glucose. Furthermore, the addition of vitamin C and retinoic acid in the final stages of differentiation led to the overexpression of specific β cell genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor farming systems enable plant production in precisely controlled environments. However, implementing stable growth conditions and the absence of stress stimulants can weaken plants' defense responses and limit the accumulation of bioactive, health-beneficial phytochemicals. A potential solution is the controlled application of stressors, such as supplemental ultraviolet (UV) light. To this end, we analyzed the efficiency of short-term pre-harvest supplementation of the red–green–blue (RGB, LED) spectrum with ultraviolet B (UV-B) or C (UV-C) light to boost phytochemical synthesis. Additionally, given the biological harm of UV radiation due to high-energy photons, we monitored plants' photosynthetic activity during treatment and their morphology as well as sensory attributes after the treatment. Our analyses showed that UV-B radiation did not negatively impact photosynthetic activity while significantly increasing the overall antioxidant potential of lettuce through enhanced levels of secondary metabolites (total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins), carotenoids, and ascorbic acid. On the contrary, UV-C radiation-induced anthocyanin accumulation in the green leaf cultivar significantly harmed the photosynthetic apparatus and limited plant growth. Taken together, we showed that short-term UV-B light supplementation is an efficient method for lettuce biofortification with healthy phytochemicals, while UV-C treatment is not recommended due to the negative impact on the quality (morphology, sensory properties) of the obtained leafy products. These results are crucial for understanding the potential of UV light supplementation for producing functional plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP), or emesis gravidarum, is a frequent complication of early gestation with unclear causes, suspected to involve genetic, hormonal, and gastrointestinal factors. Our study investigated the association of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), histamine, diamine oxidase (DAO), thyroxine and pyridoxine and the severity of NVP symptoms and assessed the efficacy of a vitamin C-containing chewing gum as a potential NVP treatment. Methods: In this prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial, 111 participants were assigned to receive vitamin C-containing chewing gum, placebo gum, or no treatment at two follow-ups during early pregnancy. Maternal serum levels of hCG, histamine, DAO, thyroxine, and pyridoxine were measured and correlated with NVP severity using the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE-24) score. Results: Elevated maternal hCG levels were significantly associated with an increased PUQE-24 score (p < 0.001), while histamine levels showed no significant correlation (p = 0.68). Maternal DAO levels negatively correlated with NVP symptoms (p < 0.001) and elevated thyroxine (p < 0.001) and pyridoxine levels (p < 0.001) were associated with increased PUQE-24 scores. The vitamin C-containing chewing gum did not demonstrate efficacy in alleviating NVP symptoms compared to placebo gum or no treatment during the first (p = 0.62) and second follow-up visits (p = 0.87). Conclusions: Our study underscores the complexity of factors contributing to NVP, highlighting the significant roles of hCG and DAO, while histamine levels appear unrelated. Maternal thyroxine and pyridoxine levels also significantly correlate with NVP symptoms. Vitamin C-containing chewing gum was not effective as a treatment for NVP. Further large-scale studies are needed to better understand these interactions and develop targeted treatments in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The worth of sea urchin gonads in the market is determined by their specific features connected to size and texture. Compared with wild counterparts, farmed sea urchins fed formulated feeds showed faster gonad growth but worse gonad texture traits, such as adhesiveness, cohesiveness, hardness, springiness, chewiness, and gumminess. Thus, it is pressing to enunciate the underlying mechanisms and find solutions to solve this problem. As the most abundant collagen, collagen type I is momentous for improving the hardness, springiness, and chewiness of muscle as verified. Vitamin C is vital for participating in the regulation of hydroxyproline biosynthesis, which is an essential component of collagen. However, the effects of vitamin C addition on the collagen synthesis and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood in any sea urchin species. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of vitamin C on the gonad growth, texture, collagen content, and the expression of genes involved in the collagen synthesis of sea urchin (Mesocentrotus nudus). These results could contribute to precisely quantify the vitamin C addition in the diets to produce gonads with high texture quality in sea urchin. The market value of sea urchin gonads is determined by the specific characteristics associated with gonad size and texture. Formulated feeds can effectively promote the gonad growth of sea urchins but cannot assure essential gonad texture traits. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of vitamin C (VC) on the gonad growth, texture, collagen content, and the expression of genes involved in the collagen synthesis of sea urchins (Mesocentrotus nudus). Graded amounts of VC (0, 3000 and 6000 mg/kg) were supplemented to make three formulated feeds. Fresh kelp (Saccharina japonica) was used as the control diet. Each diet was randomly distributed to three tanks of M. nudus. The results indicated that the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and texture traits of M. nudus fed C3000 were significantly greater than those fed C0 and C6000. Collagen type I (Col I) in the gonads of M. nudus fed C3000 showed significantly greater areas than those fed C0 and C6000. Consistently, the expression levels of collagen alpha-1 (colp1α) of M. nudus fed C3000 were significantly higher than those fed C0 and C6000. As for the transforming growth factor beta (tgf-β)/Smads pathway, the expression levels of collagen synthesis genes (tgf-β receptor 1 and 2, smad nuclear-interacting protein 1 (snip1) and prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta (p4hβ)) in the C3000 group were significantly greater than those in the C0, C6000 and kelp groups. On the contrary, the expression levels of collagen degradation genes (lysyl oxidase-like 2 (loxl2) and matrix metalloproteinase 14 (mmp14)) in the C3000 group were significantly lower than those in the C0, C6000 and kelp groups. In conclusion, VC at an addition level of 3000 mg/kg significantly increased the gonad texture and collagen contents of M. nudus, which could be accomplished by increasing collagen synthesis and inhibiting collagen degradation through the tgf-β/Smads pathway. These results could contribute to better understanding the beneficial effects of VC addition on the gonad texture quality of M. nudus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry fruits are popular among consumers because of their unique flavor and reported health benefits. However, microbial growth and oxidative stress that occur in postharvest storage cause strawberry fruits to have a relatively short postharvest life, which reduces consumer acceptance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous melatonin application on the enzymatic activity and postharvest quality of strawberry fruits that are stored at 4 ± 0.5 °C. A total of 288 fruits with four replicates for each of the three treatments (control, 200 µM melatonin, and 500 µM melatonin) were used. Several quality metrics were regularly assessed at 3-day intervals during the 18-day storage trials. The results suggested that the exogenous melatonin application significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes at the physiological level, including catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase which led to reductions in weight loss, the decay incidence, and the malondialdehyde level. The use of melatonin successfully delayed changes in the soluble solids concentration, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, and fruit firmness. The results indicated that applying 500 µM melatonin to strawberries would be a useful strategy for increasing their shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a nonprotein amino acid, can accumulate in plants in response to abiotic stresses. The effects of postharvest treatments on endogenous GABA concentrations and exogenous GABA on whole horticulture product quality has recently received attention. However, knowledge of the effects of mechanical damage events such as peeling and cutting on GABA concentrations of fresh-cut products is limited. In this study, concentrations of GABA and antioxidants including total phenolics and ascorbic acid in fresh-cut cantaloupe, pineapple, and cauliflower during storage at 5 °C for 9 days were investigated. We found that GABA accumulated in fresh-cut pineapple and cauliflower during storage, but that the increase in cantaloupe was not significant. Total phenolics, total ascorbic acid, and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) remained stable in fresh-cut cantaloupe and cauliflower. In pineapple, however, total phenolics and total ascorbic acid concentrations decreased, whereas the DHA concentration increased. No correlation was found between GABA and antioxidants in fresh-cut cauliflower and cantaloupe; however, GABA was negatively related to antioxidants, including total phenolics and total ascorbic acid, in fresh-cut pineapple. The results show that GABA accumulation may represent a stress response to damage that occurs during the preparation of fresh cut products, but that the degree of response is affected by the specific product. Further research of GABA metabolism in response to minimal processing, including GABA biosynthesis, in a wider range of horticultural products and relationships with antioxidants is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To investigate and assess the concentrations of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin A and vitamin C in Iraqi patients infected by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Material and methods. Forty-eight Iraqi patients of ages ranged between (15-75) years took part in the current study. Enzymatic antioxidants (Gpx, SOD and CAT) and antioxidant vitamins (A and C) were estimated spectrophotometrically in blood sera of all patients according to age and sex variables, and then all clinical parameters were compared with healthy individuals (control groups). Results. Evaluation of oxidant-antioxidant status. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes concentrations recorded high significant decreasing (***p <0.0001) in blood serum of CML patients according to age and sex factors. Moreover, vitamins A and C showed a high significant decreasing (***p <0.0001) in their concentrations as measured in blood serum of CML patients with diverse ages and sexes. The GPx, SOD, CAT, Vitamin A and Vitamin C in the current study, are considered excellent biochemical markers for following the acuity of CML disease depending on age and sex variables. Conclusion. The clinical significance of oxidative stress represented by lack of enzymes and vitamins in the current study was proven. Statistically significant differences were recorded and observed between patients and control groups depending on age and sex factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solution anode glow discharge (SAGD) was established as a miniaturized excitation source of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) for the detection of Cd in rhizosphere soil, carrot, and carrot leaf samples. The working conditions, such as electrolyte pH, discharge voltage, support electrolyte, solution flow rate, and discharge distance, were systematically optimized. The effect of 31 foreign ions on the Cd determination was investigated. In addition, the influences of matrix modifiers on the Cd signal intensity and interference elimination were examined in detail. The results showed that under the optimal operating parameters, the presence of Fe3+, Co2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, and Tl3+ ions at 30 mg/L causes severe depression effects for the detection of Cd, and adding ascorbic acid as a matrix modifier can reduce the matrix interference, improve sensitivity, and lower the limit of detection (LOD). The LOD of Cd is 4.4 μg/L, and power is below 8 W using SAGD without any matrix modifier. Compared with the solution cathode glow discharge–atomic emission spectrometry (SCGD-AES), the sensitivity is improved about 11-fold, and the power is consumed only about one-sixth. The analysis results of SAGD-AES are in agreement with the Cd-certified reference material and verification values measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, suggesting that proposed method has high accuracy and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The exact pathogenesis of melasma is not yet known, and its treatment remains challenging. Mesotherapy with tranexamic acid (TXA) and vitamin C was both reported to have certain effects on melasma. In spite of that several articles have compared the efficacy and safety of the two drugs on melasma, most of them were clinical study with small sample size. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mesotherapy with TXA versus vitamin C in treating melasma through meta‐analysis and systemic review. Methods: The authors searched PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and ScienceDirect for studies that compared mesotherapy with TXA versus vitamin C as a treatment for melasma. Primary outcomes were change in melasma area and severity index (MASI) before and after the treatment. Results: Finally, five studies with a total of 127 patients were included in the systematic review. There was no statistic difference in the change in MASI score between the TXA and vitamin C groups (mean difference, 0.16; 95% CI, −0.79 to 1.11). Conclusions: Mesotherapy with both TXA and vitamin C is safe and effective in the treatment of melasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical and sensory properties of corn extrudates enriched with spray-dried tomato powder (TP) in 4, 6 and 8% ratios were researched. Two extrusion temperature regimes were used: 135/170/170 °C (E1) and 100/150/150 °C (E2). Ascorbic acid (AA) at levels of 0.5 and 1% was also added to the raw mixtures in order to prevent the undesirable oxidation of the constituents, primarily carotenoids. AA was especially efficient in the case of the lutein content and 1% AA, but lutein originating from TP was more sensitive to the extrusion conditions than corn lutein, and zeaxanthin was more sensitive than lutein. Lycopene, α-carotene, 13-cis-β carotene and 9-cis-β carotene degraded completely in all the samples, at both extrusion regimes. The proposed models for the color of the extrudates showed the significant influence of TP and AA. Extrudates obtained at the E1 temperature regime containing 4% TP and pure corn extrudate with 1% AA were the best-rated samples by the sensory panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties and pharmacokinetics of liposomal vitamin C in powder form obtained by a method devoid of organic solvents. The powder and liposome morphology were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), respectively. Additionally, the carrier particle size, size distribution (STEP-Technology®; L.U.M. GmbH, Berlin, Germany), and zeta potential value were determined. The pharmacokinetic parameters of liposomal and non-liposomal vitamin C (AUC, Cmax, C10h, and C24h) were compared in a randomized, single-dose, double-blind, cross-over trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05843617) involving healthy adult volunteers (n = 10, 1000 mg dose). The process of spray drying used to transform liquid suspensions of the liposomes into powder form did not adversely affect the quality of the carrier particles obtained. Compared to non-encapsulated vitamin C, oral administration of the liposomal formulation resulted in significantly better absorption of ascorbic acid into the bloodstream, which equated to a higher bioavailability of the liposomal product (30% increase in AUC, p < 0.05). The duration of elevated vitamin C blood levels was also longer (C24h increase of 30%, p < 0.05). Although the results obtained are promising and suggest higher bioavailability for the liposomal form of vitamin C, the limited sample size necessitates further research with a larger cohort to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spray-dried yellow cashew juice ingredients produced under different inlet temperatures (140 and 150 °C) and gum arabic (GA) addition ratios (15% and 25% w/v) were evaluated for their physicochemical and phytochemical attributes and storage stability for 56 days. All spray-dried cashew juice particles showed high solids recovery (>70%) and solubility (>90%), low water activity (<0.3), and low hygroscopicity (<10%). Spray-dried particles prepared with 15% w/v GA showed spherical shapes with a semi-crystalline structure and higher ascorbic acid concentration (>650 mg 100 g−1) and total phenolic content (>330 mg GAE 100 g−1). During storage, spray-dried cashew juice particles maintained their water activity levels within the microbiologically safe range and retained high solubility, in addition to high ascorbic (>68%) and phenolic (>55%) acid retention. Overall, we showed that spray-drying cashew juice is a feasible strategy to upcycle abundant and undervalued cashew juice into stable, phytochemical-rich ingredients for multiple applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The functional state of enrichment cultures of the Chlorophycean strain Chlorococcum oleofaciens CAMU MZ–Ch4 under various cultivation conditions was studied. Experiments with different aeration conditions, cultivation durations, and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the medium were carried out to evaluate the growth dynamics of the strain and its biochemical characteristics. The contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, proteins, lipids, retinol, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase), and succinate dehydrogenase activity were measured. The lipid content on the fully supplemented Bold's basal medium increased to 381.03 mg g−1 dry weight at the late stationary growth phase. This value is 1.3–2.8 times higher than in other experiments. The use of aeration was associated with an increased content of proteins at 283.56 mg g−1 and of carotenoids at 2.12 mg g−1. Also, cultures at the early stationary growth phase with aeration showed the ability to accumulate phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid in amounts up to 0.32 mg g−1 and 0.19 mg g−1. The 74-day-old cultures had the highest contents of retinol (0.16 mg g−1) and α-tocopherol (0.68 mg g−1). Growth in nitrogen- and phosphorus-depleted media increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. A comprehensive analysis of all data showed that the antioxidant defence system is stress-resistant and flexible under varying aeration conditions and nitrogen and phosphorus availabilities. Thus, the strain CAMU MZ–Ch4 can be considered a potential producer of lipids, pigments, proteins, and vitamins under various culturing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the ability of a high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) treatment to extend the shelf life of tomatoes. Tomatoes were exposed to HVEF treatment for different lengths of time, and the physicochemical properties of tomatoes and bioactive compounds were monitored during 28 days of storage at 4 °C. The results indicated that the quality parameters of tomatoes were better maintained during storage by the HVEF treatment relative to the control treatment, extending their shelf life by 14–28 days. The HVEF treatment mitigated losses in firmness, weight, color changes, and bioactive substances, such as total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, ascorbic acid, and lycopene. The activity of pectin-degrading enzymes was also inhibited. The best exposure times for the HVEF treatment were 90 and 120 min. While the measured parameters decreased in both the control and HVEF treatment groups, the decrease in all of these measured parameters was significantly less (p < 0.05) in the optimum HVEF treatment groups than in the control. While the physicochemical properties may vary between different tomato varieties, the HVEF treatment of harvested tomatoes for 90 or 120 min can mitigate the degradation of quality parameters and loss of bioactive compounds incurred during the postharvest storage of tomatoes, thus maintaining their commercial value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capsaicin, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds from cumari-do-Pará peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) harvested from two different locations in Pará, Brazil, and at different ripening stages were extracted by employing green methodologies as an alternative to organic solvents. Edible vegetable oils from soybeans (Glycine max), Brazilian nuts (Bertholettia excelsa H.B.), and palm olein were used in combination with ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). The proximate composition of the pepper extracts and vitamin C were determined through AOAC methods, total phenolics and carotenoids were assessed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry, and capsaicin by high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant cumari-do-Pará extract activities were evaluated by the ABTS radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. The vegetable oils were suitable for extracting and preserving bioactive pepper compounds, especially mature ones harvested from Igarapé-Açu. Bioactive compound content and antioxidant activity varied with harvesting location and ripening stage. Soybean oil was the most effective in extracting bioactive pepper compounds, particularly carotenoids, with 69% recovery. Soybean oil extracts enriched in capsaicin, carotenoids, and phenolics obtained from cumari-do-Pará can be used as spices in foodstuffs and/or as additives in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations. Edible vegetable oils combined with UAE are promising for bioactive compound extraction, representing an environmentally friendly, safe, low-cost, versatile, and fast alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solanaceae, commonly known as nightshade, is a diverse family of flowering plants comprising around 90 genera and an estimated 3000–4000 species. Solanaceae spp. and its various fruits, including pepino (Solanum muricatum), commonly known as pepino melon, are widely recognized by the public for their nutritional value and pharmacological effects. Pepino melon, in particular, is often enjoyed as a fresh dessert or salad due to its juicy flesh. Given its beneficial properties, the potential of pepino melon to be developed as a functional food has been extensively studied. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the reported pharmacological effects of the active compounds found in pepino plant and melon. Among these compounds, polyphenols, notably quercetin, and vitamin C have demonstrated notable antioxidant properties such as scavenging free radicals, effectively protecting against free-radical damage. Moreover, these active ingredients provide pepino with anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thereby reducing nitric oxide production. Additionally, they have shown promise in selectively targeting cancer cells, exhibiting anti-cancer properties. Furthermore, the active compounds such as quercetin in pepino have been associated with anti-diabetic effects, improving insulin sensitivity and inhibiting insulin resistance. Overall, this review highlights the diverse and significant pharmacological effects of the active compounds found in pepino melon, emphasizing its potential as a valuable functional food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grapes are susceptible to mold and decay during postharvest storage, and developing new technologies to extend their storage period has important application value. Photodynamic technology (PDT) in concurrence with carbon dots (CDs) proposes an innovative and eco-friendly preservation strategy. We examined the effects of carbon dots combined with photodynamic treatment on postharvest senescence and antioxidant system of table grape. The compounding of photodynamic technology with a 0.06 g L−1 CDs solution could possibly extend the postharvest storage period of grape berries. Through this strategy, we achieved a decreased rate of fruit rotting and weight loss alongside the delayed deterioration of fruit firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acid. As paired with photodynamic technology, CDs considerably decreased the postharvest storage loss of phenols, flavonoids, and reducing sugars as compared to the control group. Concurrently, it remarkably postponed the build-up of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2∙−), and malondialdehyde (MDA); elevated the levels of reduced ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH); lowered the levels of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG); raised the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSSH/GSSG; encouraged the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL); and inhibited the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and lipoxygenase (LOX). Furthermore, it enhanced the iron reduction antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging capacity of grape berries. CDs combined with photodynamic treatment could efficiently lessen postharvest senescence and decay of grape berry while extending the storage time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to review, using an integrated approach, all parameters related to osmotic dehydration, freezing, and frozen storage when assessing the advantages of the osmodehydrofreezing-ODF process. Peeled cherry tomatoes were treated at (T) 25, 35, and 45 °C (t) up to 180 min in glycerol-based OD-solution (50, 60, 70% w/w). OD was studied and optimized by applying the Response Surface Methodology, combined with selected desirability criteria to define the optimum process parameters. Water loss-WL, solid gain-SG, water activity reduction-aw, texture and color changes were monitored during the process. Untreated and OD-treated at optimal OD conditions (C = 61.5%, T = 36 °C; t = 72 min) samples were frozen and stored at isothermal (T, −5, −8, −14, −23 °C) and non-isothermal temperature conditions (Teff, −7.3 °C). OD samples presented acceptable color, increased firmness, low drip loss and high vitamin C/lycopene retention during frozen storage. OD increased the shelf life of frozen cherry tomato (up to 3.5 times based on sensory quality loss). The kinetic models obtained for vitamin and lycopene degradation and sensory quality loss were validated at non-isothermal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of total flavonoids from Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H. Ohba (H. spectabile) leaves was studied through the use of a double enzyme-assisted ultrasonic method, and the extraction process was optimized using the Box–Behnken design. Eight different macroporous resins were screened for purification in single-factorial experiments, and the flavonoid compounds in the extract of H. spectabile leaves were identified using HPLC-MS. Through the evaluation of the total reducing capacity and capacity for reducing 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals (·OH), and 2,2'-biazobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), the in vitro antioxidant activities of the crude extracts of the total flavonoids and purified total flavonoids of H. spectabile leaves were investigated. The results showed that the most efficient conditions for flavonoid extraction were an ultrasonic extraction time of 60 min, an ethanol concentration of 35%, a liquid-to-material ratio of 20:1 mL/g, and an amount of enzyme (cellulose/pectinase = 1:1) of 1.5%, forming H. spectabile powder. Under these conditions, the total flavonoid extraction rate in the H. spectabile leaf extract was 4.22%. AB-8 resin showed superior performance in terms of purification, and the optimal adsorption and desorption times were 1.5 h and 3 h, respectively. The recommended parameters for purification included a liquid volume of 5.5 BV, a flow rate of 1.2 BV/min, a pH of 5, and a concentration of 0.8 mg/mL. The observed order for reducing capacity was ascorbic acid (VC) > rutin > purified total flavonoids > crude extract of total flavonoids. The purified total flavonoid extract from H. spectabile showed a good scavenging ability against DPPH, ·OH, and ABTS·+, suggesting strong antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study can serve as technical support and reference data for the further development and utilization of H. spectabile resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Herein, we investigated the effects of immunostimulants on the growth, immune responses, and post-infection survival of hybrid sturgeons (Huso huso♀ × Acipenser ruthenus♂). Therefore, we examined the effects of dietary supplementation of β-glucan, vitamin C, and Radix Bupleuri (Chaihu) extract (RBE) at various concentrations (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% incorporated through feed) on the growth rate and non-specific immune responses of hybrid sturgeon. When supplemented individually, these immunostimulants significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio while promoting weight gain, with the vitamin C-administered groups showing the most pronounced differences. Further, we observed that dietary β-glucan, vitamin C, and RBE, when fed at 0.4 and 0.6% concentrations, significantly enhanced the rates of superoxide anion production and phagocytosis by head kidney leukocytes. Moreover, vitamin C and RBE supplementation at 0.4 and 0.6% and β-glucan supplementation at 0.6% concentration significantly increased the serum lysozyme activity. Further, vitamin C and β-glucan supplementation at 0.6% and RBE supplementation at 0.4 and 0.6% concentrations showed the highest survival rates after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. In conclusion, our findings highlight that the dietary supplementation of β-glucan, vitamin C, or RBE in appropriate concentrations can significantly enhance superoxide anion production and phagocytic activity of leukocytes, serum lysozyme activity, and the survival of hybrid sturgeons after A. hydrophila infection. Our results suggest that incorporating immunostimulants such as Chinese medicinal herbs at optimal levels can effectively boost the growth, immunity, and disease resistance of hybrid sturgeons in aquaculture. These results provide valuable insights for future studies on the inclusion of immunostimulants in aquaculture feed.Highlights: Adding immunostimulants β-glucan, vitamin C, and Radix Bupleuri (Chaihu) extract (RBE) to hybrid sturgeon food can significantly improve food conversion and weight gain rates, with the addition of vitamin C being the most significant. β-glucan, vitamin C, and RBE influence the innate immune system of hybrid sturgeon. Adding immunostimulants β-glucan, vitamin C, and RBE to hybrid sturgeon food can prevent A. hydrophila infection. β-glucan, vitamin C, and RBE are potential immunostimulants for hybrid sturgeon breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Investigating the different chemical species of soluble iron in food digests provides more relevant information on the nutritional potential of an iron‐rich food. The objective of this study was to assess the bioaccessibility and speciation of iron from various aqueous extracts of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves. Aqueous extracts were prepared from fresh and dried Moringa leaves using infusion and decoction methods. Spectrophotometric assays were performed to quantify inhibitors and enhancers of iron absorption in the extracts, bioaccessible iron, and its different chemical species. The highest contents of inhibitors (239.43 mg/L for polyphenols and 2.92 mg/L for phytates) and enhancers of iron absorption (1.58 mmol/L for carotenoids and 488.00 mg/L for ascorbic acid) were found in the 5‐minute decoction extract of fresh leaves, and the lowest in all infusion extracts (27.34 mg/L for polyphenols, 0.50 mg/L for phytates, 0.15 mmol/L for carotenoids, and 86.00 mg/L for ascorbic acid). The percentages of bioaccessible iron were higher for decoction extracts (42.57–52.70%) compared to infusion extracts (33.89–36.44%). Ferrous iron was the dominant inorganic species of bioaccessible iron and was more concentrated in the digests of decoction extracts (1.32–4.85 mg/L). The highest content of organic iron (5.33 mg/L) was found in the digest of the 8‐minute decoction extract of dried leaves. Drinking decoction extracts of fresh and dried Moringa leaves could be recommended to alleviate iron deficiency in vulnerable groups of the population living in areas where this plant can grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A. capitiformis (Poir.) Ooststr has a long history of usage as a medicinal cure for a wide variety of illnesses in many different cultures. Pharmacological properties and phytochemical characterization of the crude A. capitiformis whole plant are evalutted, in this paper. Methods: Antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH free radical scavenging method. In vitro anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects were assessed using Bovine serum albumin (BSA), protein denaturation method, and brine shrimp mortality assays, respectively with antihelmintic activity through Pheretima Posthuma worms. Acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and tail immersion testing assessed in vivo analgesia. CNS activity was evaluated through elevated plaze maize, open field, hole cross, and head dipping method. Results: Phytochemiical investigation of A. capitiformis showed the presence of alkaloid, saponin, terpennoids, steroid and flavonoids etc. with the % yield of crude 2.04%.With an IC50 of 45.35 µg/ml, the whole plant methanolic preparation has antioxidant activity equivalent to ascorbic acid. Anti-arthritic protein blocking dropped from 74.25 ± 0.12% to 12.18 ± 0.12%. 1000 µg/ml extract demonstrated 54.05 ± 0.12*% anti-inflammatory activity with protein denaturation. In the cytotoxicity assay, the extract had 129.72 µg/ml LC50 and the positive group 34.67 µg/ml. Unlike Albendazole, the methanol extract triggered mature earthworms at 50 mg/ml. The extract's analgesic efficacy at 200 and 400 mg/kg was statistically significant (p < 0.001) in the acetic acid writhing and tail immersion method. The hot plate technique yielded statistically significant results only at 400 mg/kg (p < 0.001). Only 400 mg/kg was statistically significant in the Elevated Plaze Maize and Hole Board Procedure (p < 0.01). The hole cross and open field methods yielded highly statistically significant outcomes at 200 and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this research, the whole crude methanol extract of A. capitiformis revealed phytochemicals, antioxidants, in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties, cytotoxicity, anti-helminthic, in vivo analgesic, and CNS inhibitory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of hot air drying (HAD), infrared-assisted hot air drying (IR-HAD), vacuum freeze drying (VFD), and pulsed-vacuum drying (PVD) on the drying characteristics, color, microstructure, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), vitamin C (Vc) content, and the odor analysis using electronic nose of sea buckthorn pomace. The results showed that IR-HAD exhibited the highest drying rate and the shortest drying time (250"min). PVD exhibited the highest TPC, TFC, and Vc content while maintaining a color difference Î"E value closest to that of the fresh sample. PVD microstructure exhibited no collapse, fewer pores, and smaller cracks than the IR-HAD and VFD microstructures. Furthermore, the PVD pomace displayed the lowest reactivity to sulfides and ethanol compounds. The comprehensive analysis suggests that PVD holds promise as a drying method for sea buckthorn pomace and provides valuable insights for selecting an appropriate drying method for sea buckthorn pomace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estradiol (E2) is a hormone that influences various aspects of women's health. Beyond its reproductive functions, E2 impacts neurotransmitter systems such as dopamine (DA). Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) have shown good sensitivity, selectivity against ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), biocompatibility, and reduced fouling in DA sensing. In this study, we explore the use of Ti-Ni-CNF electrodes with CNFs grown for 5 min and 30 min for the direct electrochemical co-detection of E2 and DA. The longer growth time led to a 142% increase in average CNF length and a 36% larger electroactive surface area. In E2 detection, the electrodes demonstrate a wide linear range of 0.05–10 µM and sensitivity of 0.016 and 0.020 µA/µM for Ti-Ni-CNF-5 min and Ti-Ni-CNF-30 min, respectively. The sensor performance remains largely unaffected even in the presence of other steroid hormones such as progesterone and testosterone. Co-detection of equimolar E2 and DA shows promising peak separation of 0.34 ± 0.01 V and repeatability after 10 measurements. A notable improvement in the E2/DA peak current ratio, from 0.53 ± 0.07 to 0.81 ± 0.16, was achieved with the increased CNF length. Our results demonstrate the influence of adsorption sites in electrochemical detection, especially for analytes such as E2 and DA that both rely on adsorption for oxidation. While detecting small and fluctuating physiological concentrations remains a challenge, these findings can be used in choosing and fabricating electrode materials for more accurate and accessible continuous hormone measurements, including the possibility of multianalyte sensing platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given the global shifts in environmental conditions and dietary habits, understanding the potential impact of dietary factors and body mass index (BMI) on respiratory diseases, including asthma, is paramount. Investigating these relationships can contribute to the formulation of more effective prevention strategies. The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), a dietary scoring system that balances human health with environmental sustainability, underscores the importance of increasing the consumption of plant-based foods while reducing the intake of red meat, sugar, and highly processed foods. The objective of this study was to assess the association between PHDI and the prevalence of asthma and the mediation effect of BMI in a US general population. Methods: This study utilized data from 32,388 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2005 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regressions were employed to investigate the association between PHDI, individual nutrients, and asthma. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis explored the linear or non-linear relationship between PHDI and asthma. Interaction analyses were conducted on subgroups to validate the findings. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the effect of BMI on the relationship between PHDI and asthma. Results: There was a significant negative association between PHDI and asthma. After adjusting for covariates, for every 10-point increase in PHDI, there was a 4% decrease in the prevalence of asthma (P = 0.025). Moreover, as PHDI increased, there was a trend towards lower asthma prevalence (P for trend < 0.05). WQS analyses showed consistent associations (OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.88, 0.98), with Fiber, Vitamin C, and Protein significant factors. The dose-response curve indicated a linear association between PHDI and asthma, with higher PHDI associated with lower asthma prevalence. Additionally, BMI is significantly positively associated with asthma (P < 0.001), and BMI decreases as the PHDI increases (β = -0.64, P < 0.001). Mediation analysis indicates that BMI significantly mediates the relationship between PHDI and asthma, with a mediation proportion of 33.85% (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show a strong negative correlation between PHDI and the prevalence of asthma. In addition, BMI mediated this negative relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The changes in the physical structures of the products are the first things that consumers pay attention to. Therefore, it is essential and significant importance to take measures to improve the storage conditions of products and to minimize quality losses. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of agro-ecological conditions on bioactive compounds and fruit quality of kiwifruit during cold storage. The 'Hayward' kiwifruit cultivar grown in Ordu, Giresun, Samsun, Rize, and Yalova provinces of Türkiye were kept at 0 ± 0.5 °C and relative humidity of 90 ± 5% for 150 d. Results: The kiwifruit obtained from the provinces of Yalova, Ordu, and Giresun experienced the least weight loss during cold storage. Kiwifruit from Samsun and Yalova provinces had the lowest fruit firmness, while those from Giresun had the highest on 150th d. The changes were observed in the skin and flesh colors of the kiwifruit belonging to all cultivation areas. The amount of vitamin C increased throughout the study in all ecological conditions, but the Yalova province's kiwifruit was found to have the highest levels. Additionally, in all ecologies, kiwifruit showed an increase in antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and total flavonoids, all known to have beneficial effects on human health. The total antioxidant activity and total phenolics were highest in the kiwifruit of Yalova province, but the total flavonoids were found in the kiwifruit of Rize and Ordu provinces. Conclusion: The study's results revealed that kiwifruit's bioactive compounds and quality parameters may vary depending on the cultivation area. Additionally, it can be stated that Yalova province kiwifruit experiences the least amount of postharvest quality losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an essential nutritional component and powerful antioxidant in vegetables, and in plants, AsA levels are regulated by light. AsA levels in the leaves of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spr), a popular vegetable, are poorly understood. Thus, this study was performed to assess the influence of light on AsA biosynthesis in chive and select related genes (AtuGGP1 and AtuGME1); in addition, bioinformatic analyses and gene expression level assays were performed. The biological information obtained for AtuGGP1 and AtuGME1 was analysed with several tools, including NCBI, DNAMAN, and MEGA11. After different light treatments were performed, the Chive AsA content and AtuGGP1 and AtuGME1 expression levels were determined. These results suggest that 1) compared with natural light, continuous darkness inhibited AsA synthesis in chives. 2) The amino acid sequences of AtuGGP1 and AtuGME1 are very similar to those of other plants. 3) The trends observed for the expression levels of AtuGGP1 and AtuGME1 were consistent with the AsA content observed in chives. Hence, we speculated that light controls AsA biosynthesis in chives by regulating AtuGGP1 and AtuGME1 expression. This study provided impactful and informative evidence regarding the functions of GGP and GME in chives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aim Methods Results Conclusion The investigations of snail slime and its possible biological activities have been performed recently.This study aimed to evaluate the properties of Helix aspersa snail slime (HAS), and carotenoids‐fortified slime (HASC).Snails were fed with carrots for 10 days. Slime was collected and extracted using water. Saponins identification, antioxidant, collagenase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activities, carotenoids, total phenols, and flavonoids content, were determined. UHPLC–MS/MS analysis was performed for phytochemical characterization.Saponins were detected in the HAS extract only. However, HASC was shown to contain a higher carotenoid content than HAS (29.51 ± 0.4 vs. 18.11 ± 0.2 μg/g). similarly, total phenolic and flavonoid content were higher for the the HASC extract compared to the HAS (182.3 ± 5.2 vs. 150.28 ± 3.3 mg/g equivalent to gallic acid), and (77.62 ± 1.2 vs. 14.19 ± 0.9 mg/g equivalent to quercetin). As expected, the HASC extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to the HAS, using DPPH and the ABTS assays (IC50 = 7.75 ± 0.14 vs. 20.1 ± 0.4 μg/mL), and (IC50 = 7.6 ± 0.26 vs. 19.57 ± 1.4 μg/mL). UHPLC–MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of several phytocomponents of which, hexadecanoic acid and ascorbic acid, were observed in the HASC extract. Furthermore, HASC extract exhibited superior inhibitory activity compared to HAS against collagenase and tyrosinase enzymes (IC50 = 8.4 ± 1.19 vs. 15.3 ± 1.12 μg/mL) and (IC50 = 30.1 ± 0.91 vs. 35 ± 1.3 μg/mL).These findings highlight the potential of HASC as a valuable ingredient in various pharmaceutical applications, due to their content of various phenolic, antioxidants, carotenoids, hexadecanoic, and ascorbic acids. The latter is well known for its great cosmeceutical applications used for slowing the process of skin aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]