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1. Permanent Paper in France in 2004: Is It Necessary to Worry?

Author

de Bogui, Sarah

Subjects
PERMANENT paper, PAPER, PRESERVATION of paper, PAPER deterioration, PRESERVATION of books
Abstract

The article focuses on the issue of use of permanent paper in France. France is regularly cited as a model in alkaline production. The production of acid-free paper would have developed since 1976, with the appearance of Aquapel, a permanent paper made up by the company Arjomary. The statement of accounts is mitigated as the French case feeds more on hypotheses than on certainties, for lack of information (as data are left to the hands of their owner or simply do not exist). This is why, before making alarmist predictions on the future of contemporary publications, it is first necessary to draw the attention on the lack of data and calculated evaluations. What is at stake is clear: before dashing disorderly into actions of promotion, it is necessary to acquire certainties. Because permanent paper is not the one and only solution: there is need to consider the questions of use, storage, environment and handling. Tackling the carrier does not solve the question of the preservation of the document.

Published
2004

2. Determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol S concentrations and assessment of estrogen- and anti-androgen-like activities in thermal paper receipts from Brazil, France, and Spain.

Author

Molina-Molina JM, Jiménez-Díaz I, Fernández MF, Rodriguez-Carrillo A, Peinado FM, Mustieles V, Barouki R, Piccoli C, Olea N, and Freire C

Subjects
Brazil, Environmental Monitoring, Estrogens, France, Humans, Spain, Benzhydryl Compounds analysis, Paper, Phenols analysis, Sulfones analysis
Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume chemical with endocrine disrupting properties commonly used as color developer in thermal paper. Concerns about the potential hazards of human BPA exposure have led to the increasing utilization of alternatives such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF). This study was designed to assess: (i) BPA, BPS, and BPF concentrations in 112 thermal paper receipts from Brazil, France, and Spain by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS); and (ii) hormone-like activities of these receipts using two receptor-specific bioassays, the E-Screen for (anti-)estrogenicity and PALM luciferase assay for (anti-)androgenicity. BPA was present in 95.3% of receipts from Spain, 90.9% of those from Brazil, and 51.1% of those from France at concentrations up to 20.27 mg/g of paper. Only two samples from Brazil, two from Spain, and ten from France had a BPS concentration ranging from 6.46 to 13.29 mg/g; no BPA or BPS was detected in 27.7% of French samples. No BPF was detected in any receipt. Estrogenic activity was observed in all samples from Brazil and Spain and in 74.5% of those from France. Anti-androgenic activity was observed in > 90% of samples from Brazil and Spain and in 53.2% of those from France. Only 25.5% of French samples were negative for both estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity. Estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities per gram of paper were up to 1.411 µM estradiol (E 2 ) equivalent units (E 2 eq) and up to 359.5 mM procymidone equivalent units (Proceq), respectively. BPA but not BPS concentrations were positively correlated with both estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities. BPA still dominates the thermal paper market in Brazil and Spain, and BPS appears to be one of the main alternatives in France. There is an urgent need to evaluate the safety of alternatives proposed to replace BPA as developer in thermal printing. The large proportion of samples with hormonal activity calls for the adoption of preventive measures., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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