70 results
Search Results
2. China's pandemic-time public diplomacy in the Balkans and the challenge to the EU's regional leadership.
- Author
-
Ushkovska, Mare
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,GOVERNMENT policy ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,FOREIGN partnerships - Abstract
This paper explores how China's assistance to countries in the Western Balkans during the pandemic boosted their reputation in the region, through the case studies of Serbia, Macedonia, and Albania. The COVID-19 crisis has tested EU's reputation of solidarity and partnership to the Western Balkans, with Balkan political leaders accusing the bloc of selfishness due to its decision in 2020 to restrict exports of medical equipment to candidate states and the perceived neglect of the region during the vaccine distribution in early 2021. Simultaniously, China sent planes containing tonnes of medical supplies, respirators, medical personnel, and later vaccines, that would be received with great pomp and live media coverage, in a powerful public diplomacy and vaccine diplomacy offensive. This paper argues that this helped improve public opinion and reshape narratives on China in the Western Balkans. Still, attitudes vary between states, with Serbians having the most favourable views on China as a foreign partner. On the other hand, while public perceptions on China have seen a positive shift in Macedonia and Albania, this has not translated in a change in their pro-EU stance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. CHINA'S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY: EVOLUTION, CHALLENGES, AND THE GREEK CASE.
- Author
-
Zacharias, Georgios
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,NATIONAL interest ,CHINESE people ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The construction of a positive international image is profoundly correlated with advancing one's national interests abroad. Influencing foreign audiences and creating multisided links with countries of interest, is the main objective of public diplomacy. In the highly interconnected XXI century, countries have increasingly invested in that practice, assisted by major technological advancements. China is not an exception. The current paper will examine in which ways the latter conducts public diplomacy and through which actors. The study will also try to showcase the evolution and challenges that took place in this domain. Afterward, the case study of Greece will be considered, presenting the Chinese actors engaging in the country, the practices they use, and how the bilateral relationship has been affected. The essay will conclude with estimating the total effectiveness of the practices, possible challenges that exist, and several insights for future reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. الإطار القانوني للدبلوماسية العامة.
- Author
-
أحمد فارس إدريس and محمد يونس يحيى
- Subjects
PUBLIC diplomacy ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,DIPLOMACY ,SOCIAL constructionism ,LEGAL research - Abstract
Copyright of Al-Rafidain for Rights is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
5. Locally Embedded Civil Society Organizations and Public Diplomacy: the Advocacy Roles of the "Mothers of Srebrenica" in Promoting a Culture of Remembrance.
- Author
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Hasić, Jasmin, Karabegović, Dženeta, and Turković, Bisera
- Subjects
CIVIL society ,DIPLOMACY ,CULTURAL diplomacy ,LOCAL culture ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,GENOCIDE ,ARMENIAN genocide, 1915-1923 - Abstract
Increasingly, non-state actors exercise unofficial forms of influence within international affairs. Analyzing the actions and platforms in which they operate offers a broader perspective on their influence within diplomatic spheres traditionally occupied by state actors. This paper explores the relationship between victim-oriented advocacy roles taken by the NGO 'Mothers of Srebrenica' and the resulting formulation of a 'culture of remembrance' as an unofficial part of Bosnia and Herzegovina's cultural and public diplomacy portfolio. We examine the Mothers' advocacy work in promoting genocide remembrance and fighting genocide denial within the country's foreign policy agency framework. We scrutinize under which circumstances their advocacy shapes or is formulated in parallel with official state diplomacy. We trace three types of advocacy engagement and discuss the influence in contributing to the country's cultural and public diplomacy. This analysis contributes to scholarship on the influence of non-state actors in public diplomacy by examining the role of advocacy organizations on local, regional, and global levels and expanding the scholarship about the intersection of non-state actors and cultural and public diplomacy to include states undergoing transition, particularly postconflict states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
6. THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY ON THE STATES VISIBILITY IN THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.
- Author
-
Trajkov, Viktorija and Trajkov, Goran
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
The attention of this paper focuses on international relations and the impact of public. This paper focuses on international relations and the impact of public diplomacy. The main goal of this study is to analyze the modern instruments of Public diplomacy that are available to countries aiming to achieve three goals in realizing their national interests: first, to overcome negative images from their past, second, to disseminate their values and model of governing and, third, which is most frequently the case, made widely known their comparative economic and trade advantages for foreign investment. Having in mind the Macedonian example, some analysts, when talking about the introduction of EU to the, citizens, believe that they do not sufficiently explain what it means membership in Euro-Atlantic structures. The Republic of Macedonia shall be used as a reference to the case study in the thesis where numerous practical examples are applied to Public diplomacy in the country recent past record in the field of public diplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
7. IMIDŽ SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY V ČINNOSTI ORGÁNOV ŠTÁTU PRE ZAHRANIČNÉ STYKY.
- Author
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Rusiňák, Peter
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,METHODOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of International Relations / Medzinarodne Vztahy is the property of University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of International Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
8. China' Image: A Theoretical and Practical Framework.
- Author
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OEHLER-ŞINCAI, IULIA MONICA
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The present paper has three main research objectives. First, we define a country's image through its principal dimensions, channels of communication (including the Public Diplomacy) and impact on the international relations framework. Second, we underline the specific determinants of China's image worldwide. The literature review emphasizes this country's distinctive "assets and liabilities", taking into account the role played by the political system in the Chinese economy, external factors, associated with the generally accepted norms and values, the geographical distance that hinders the direct contact and mutual understanding. Third, on the basis of recent studies, we analyze how China is perceived in different regions/countries and demonstrate that the economic rationale of international relations is stronger than that induced by a partner country's image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
9. Los medios de comunicación digital en la dinámica reciente de la diplomacia pública colombiana y la seguridad nacional en los gobiernos Uribe y Santos.
- Author
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Cortés Dussán, Alix
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,DIGITAL media ,NATIONAL security ,DIPLOMACY ,SOCIAL media - Abstract
Copyright of Estudios de Derecho is the property of Estudios de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Taiwan's Soft Power and Public Diplomacy.
- Author
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RAWNSLEY, Gary D.
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,TREATIES ,SOFT power (Social sciences) - Abstract
This paper analyses how Taiwan exercises "soft power" and uses public diplomacy to engage with the international community, and to compensate for the absence of formal diplomatic relations with major powers. The research suggests that Taiwan's strategies of international engagement are constrained by its external and internal political environments. The international system (structure) has locked Taiwan into a set of challenging arrangements over which it has little control or influence, while Taiwan's public diplomacy architecture and the activities organised and undertaken by its government agencies in Taibei and its representatives abroad (agency) reveal, at best, a misunderstanding of how Taiwan's soft power might be exercised more effectively. The strategic thematic choices of legitimacy (invoking Taiwan's international status) versus credibility (which in soft power terms offers the most benefit), and the decision to privilege cultural over political themes in international communications, all have profound effects on the success of Taiwan's soft power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Public Diplomacy in the Integration Plan of the Republic of Kosovo.
- Author
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Brovina, Ngadhnjim
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,EUROPEAN integration ,DIPLOMATIC documents ,INTERNATIONAL relations theory - Abstract
The Integrations plan is a process that requires work, time and institutional commitment. The mobilization of all bring the success of acceptance into the Euro-Atlantic, which is main intention of the Republic of Kosovo to be part of European Union, NATO, etc.. In the phase where the new republic is found in Europe, is initial stage, figuratively speaking "as a child in the first steps of walking." The commitment of the Government of the Republic of Kosovo, especially the Ministry of Integration and Foreign Ministry, is not missing, even though is required work and cooperation from the other ministries, also by the citizens themselves, diaspora, businesses, etc.. As the newest state without any political and diplomatic influence, the Republic of Kosovo should strengthen the sector of public diplomacy which mobilizes all institutional structures, non-governmental organizations, individual citizens, etc.. Public diplomacy is seen as a way of achieving the goals by smaller states which do not have influence on other forms. This diplomacy also sends to achievement of goals for integration, and my suggestion about the fulfillment of conditions for integration is to use public diplomacy, about forms and methods that should be used by the Republic of Kosovo, I have explore and explain in the continuing of the paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. POTREBUJE SLOVENSKO DOMÁCU VEREJNÚ DIPLOMACIU?
- Author
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Kužmová, Lucia
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,EXECUTIVE departments ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of International Relations / Medzinarodne Vztahy is the property of University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of International Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
13. The new PR of states: How nation branding practices affect the security function of public diplomacy
- Author
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Rasmussen, Rasmus Kjærgaard and Merkelsen, Henrik
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC relations , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *DIPLOMACY , *BRANDING (Marketing) , *TERRORISM , *NATIONAL security - Abstract
Abstract: This paper investigates how the role of public relations practice in public diplomacy is undergoing a transformation as a consequence of the influence from nation branding. A case study of the Danish government''s response to the so-called Cartoon Crisis illustrates how the threat from international terrorism to national security initially served as a catalyst for new public diplomacy initiatives. But as the initiatives were implemented within a framework of nation branding the focus on risk reduction became subjected to a marketing logic and a new focus on economic objectives took over. The paper points to a possible future status of public diplomacy under the influence of nation branding: Public diplomacy may maintain a function pertinent to national security but as this function is incapable of managing real risks it will only serve as auto-communication that legitimizes security policy towards a domestic audience. In the public diplomacy efforts towards transnational publics the link to national security will completely disappear whereby the public relations of states is transformed to the marketing of states. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The Impact of New Technologies on International Communication: The Case of Public Diplomacy.
- Author
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Ociepka, Beata
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,PUBLIC opinion ,SOCIAL media ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,TELEVISION - Abstract
The events in North Africa in the spring of 2011 again attracted the attention of the world public opinion to social media because of their use by opposition for initiating a social change. The paper raises the question whether social media might play any role in international communication. To answer the question, the case of public diplomacy as a form of political international communication of Central and Eastern European newcomers to the European Union is analyzed. Social media are seen as tools supporting the old networks built thanks to classical tools of diplomacy and contributing to the development of new digital networks. However, the analysis of using of social media by ministries and ministers of foreign affairs as hubs or knots of networks in public diplomacy does not convince as to their any contribution to the development of the relational model of public diplomacy in the region. More optimism might be derived from the online presence of the Belsat television, a channel broadcasting in Belarusian from Poland to Belarus in order to achieve social changes though international broadcasting and social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
15. Managing national reputation and international relations in the global era: Public diplomacy revisited
- Author
-
Wang, Jian
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *DIPLOMACY , *MASS media , *NATION-state - Abstract
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to review and re-examine the concept and practice of public diplomacy in light of the incredible pace of change in global politics and communication, and to discuss implications for future research. It first explains the significance of national reputation and its linkage to public diplomacy. It then surveys and assesses a broad range of literature on public diplomacy, characterized by three basic discourses: public diplomacy as policy-driven rather than relationship-based, the primacy of nation-state governments in the structure and process of public diplomacy, and an emphasis on mass media communication. The paper finally suggests and outlines further research efforts based on the existing literature and the evolving contexts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Diplomatic identity and communication: using Q methodology to assess subjective perceptions of diplomatic practitioners
- Author
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Steven L. Pike and Dennis F. Kinsey
- Subjects
Marketing ,Public diplomacy ,Subject group ,Q Methodology ,Strategy and Management ,Subjective perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sociology of professions ,Identity (social science) ,Identity and communication ,Communication theory of identity ,Perception ,Scientific method ,Original Article ,International relations ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Diplomacy ,media_common - Abstract
This paper initiates exploration of how self-perceptions of role and identity held by public diplomats may impact the practice of public diplomacy. It validates Q Methodology, a scientific method for the study of subjective perception, as a means of identifying, categorizing, and analyzing self-perceptions. Researchers surveyed American public diplomats regarding attributes that they ascribe to the role of diplomatic communicator, successfully identified and categorized such attributes, identified clusters of difference within the subject group, and correlated those differences to demographic factors. This paper focused on the results of one survey group. Future cross-sectional and longitudinal research will compare these perceptions to those of other groups, including across cultural and national boundaries.
- Published
- 2021
17. DIGITAL SOFT POWER DIPLOMACY: THE CASES OF GERMANY, ITALY, AND SPAIN IN THE COUNTRIES OF EASTERN PARTNERSHIP AND CENTRAL ASIA.
- Author
-
Zgurić, Borna, Kos-Stanišić, Lidija, and Luša, Đana
- Subjects
SOFT power (Social sciences) ,PUBLIC diplomacy ,DIPLOMACY ,RESEARCH questions ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,SOCIAL networks ,AUDIENCES ,DIGITAL libraries ,ASIANS - Abstract
The main objective of this article was to examine how Germany, Italy and Spain practice digital public diplomacy in Eastern Partnership and Central Asia countries in 2022, i.e., how they promote their countries through their embassies? Facebook profiles. Three research questions posed by the authors were: 1) Which social networks and applications have embassies of Germany, Italy, and Spain used in the countries of Eastern Partnership and Central Asia to inform and communicate with different audiences?; 2) Which soft power tools were dominantly communicated by the German, Italian, and Spanish embassies on Facebook profiles in countries of Eastern Partnership and Central Asia during 2022 to promote their own countries?; and 3) Are digital diplomacy tools of Germany, Italy, and Spain, that they utilize to promote their own countries and communicate with the public of Eastern Partnership and Central Asia, following their foreign policy focus? The authors have used quantitative content and thematic analysis to answer these questions. The results were presented with the use of descriptive statistics. The authors? findings indicated that digital diplomacy 2.0 is standard practice for Germany and Italy in Eastern Partnership and Central Asia. Less information was available regarding Spain's digital diplomacy efforts. The research's findings further demonstrated that Germany and Italy exhibit greater interest in the Eastern Partnership and Central Asian countries compared to Spain, which was concordant with their foreign policy focuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Scienсе Diplomacy as a Tool for Achieving Foreign Policy Goals
- Author
-
Maxim I. Gutenev
- Subjects
International relations ,Economics and Econometrics ,National interest ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public relations ,Public diplomacy ,Power (social and political) ,Soft power ,State (polity) ,Foreign policy ,Political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,business ,Diplomacy ,media_common - Abstract
Received 13.01.2021. The article discusses the main approaches to the phenomenon of science diplomacy. This paper aims to consider the possibilities of using science diplomacy not only as a tool to reduce tensions between countries, but also as a tool for foreign policy influence. Most modern Western researchers believe that the goals of science diplomacy are reduced exclusively to creating an apolitical atmosphere for solving important global problems. When we are considering science diplomacy from a realistic point of view, the concept can be outlined through national interest, pragmatic public administration, gaining influence and maintaining the balance of power. In the study, the author proves that one of the main goals of science diplomacy is to strengthen the influence of the state through the promotion of national science, as a result of which it will be easier for the interested subject of international relations to achieve its foreign policy goals. The tools of science diplomacy can be successfully used by the state to increase its international influence beyond territorial borders, open the way to gaining a greater international status, and legitimize its ambitions. The author believes that the currently existing definitions of science diplomacy do not fully disclose its content. In this regard, the paper attempts to give a new comprehensive definition of the term, taking into account aspects related to its foreign policy influence. Science diplomacy, according to the author, is a deliberate international activity of the state through controlled scientific organizations and foundations in order to strengthen interaction with other countries, provide them with information influence and promote its interests in the international arena. The article concludes that Russia should conceptualize the domestic model of “soft power” taking into account science diplomacy, as well as begin to take practical steps to research technologies of protection from a possible “soft” impact of science by other states. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation. Project no. 19-78-00047.
- Published
- 2021
19. The Emergence of an European Union Cultural Diplomacy
- Author
-
Cristina Mărășescu
- Subjects
International relations ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Developing country ,International trade ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Public diplomacy ,Political science ,Position (finance) ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,business ,International development ,Diplomacy ,media_common - Abstract
"On 16 April 2020, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) released preliminary figures according to which the collective Official Development Assistance (ODA) from the European Union (EU) and its Member States to developing countries amounted to 75.2 billion in 2019, representing 55.2% of global assistance. The EU and its Member States therefore maintain their position as the largest international aid donor. In spite of the vast amount of resources spent annually by the EU, there is widespread perception that the EU punches below its weight. Notwithstanding the undeniable positive impact that the EU external policies have on the ground, the EU’s role in international development remains mostly invisible. This paper presents the perception of the EU and EU’s policies abroad and makes the case for the necessity of an integrated and fully coordinated EU Public Diplomacy (PD) capable of communicating effectively and strengthening EU’s role as a global actor. It argues that culture has a substantial potential in Europe’s international relations, making the case for the necessity of an integrated and tailor-made EU Cultural Diplomacy. This paper shows that culture is a worthwhile investment in driving economic growth. Failure to capitalise on this would be a huge missed opportunity for Europe. Keywords: European Union, Economic Support to Developing Countries, Economic Growth, Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy, European External Action Service JEL classification: O10, Z10 "
- Published
- 2020
20. PRACTICE OF DIGITAL DIPLOMACY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
- Author
-
Yana Matchuk
- Subjects
Czech ,Environmental Engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Digital diplomacy ,digital diplomacy ,ukraine ,050601 international relations ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,State (polity) ,Phenomenon ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,Social media ,Diplomacy ,media_common ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Public relations ,public diplomacy ,JZ2-6530 ,language.human_language ,0506 political science ,foreign policy ,Foreign policy ,language ,The Internet ,International relations ,business ,czech republic - Abstract
With the current massive coverage of Internet technologies and ongoing spread as well as progressively growing influence of social media platforms, it is natural that diplomacy as a sphere could not refrain from this phenomenon. Moreover, not only did it nor abstain, it has harnessed the new opportunities instead. This paper contributes to the debate on the phenomenon of digital diplomacy which has entered the scientific environment relatively recently and has not yet been comprehensively conceptualized into a single and globally recognized theory. In this paper we study how digital diplomacy is organized and implemented in the Czech Republic. The paper focuses on the approach of the Czech Republic to digital diplomacy, the country’s implementation of its tools and digital diplomacy is embedded within the foreign policy of the state. The author provides an overview of the legal framework underlying development of digital diplomacy in the Czech Republic. The paper also outlines the institutional system operating in the sphere and how its elements contribute to the attainment of the goals typically set up by digital diplomacy. Finally, the author defines the projects created by the Czech governmental and non-governmental bodies aiming at strengthening the image of the country and promoting its brand for the foreign audiences using online tools and solutions. The paper also offers the analysis of efficiency of the primary digital diplomacy tools applied by the Czech Republic in its foreign policy and provides recommendations and conclusions based on the data included for the research.
- Published
- 2020
21. Scope and limitations of soft power diplomacy: a quantitative analysis of Afghans' perceptions about India
- Author
-
Mohammad Reyaz and Sabir Ahamed
- Subjects
Public Administration ,Political Science and International Relations ,International relations ,Internationale Beziehungen ,internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ,International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,ddc:327 ,Afghanistan ,Indo-Afghan relations ,Soft Power ,Diplomacy ,Public Diplomacy - Abstract
Before the Taliban came back to power in Afghanistan in August 2021, India and Afghanistan had cordial bilateral relations and were often described as great friends. Since 2002, India had helped build several infrastructure projects as part of its promised development assistance program of over $2 billion (later increased to $3 billion). Considering India's investments in Afghanistan, the goodwill it enjoyed among common Afghans was understandable. However, it would be wrong to imply that these unique, multifaceted bilateral relations between the two countries were simply due to India's helping hand. This research paper is one of its kind attempt to explain the perceptions Afghans had about India based on the field survey done in Afghanistan in 2019. Using responses of over 321 Afghan participants, the paper attempts to quantitatively analyze the goodwill and positive vibes that India enticed among Afghans. However, many Afghans felt that India did not do enough during the crisis in August 2021. Based on the survey and the general perceptions of Afghans in the aftermath of the return of the Taliban, this paper argues that the soft power investments in Afghanistan helped India in its nation-branding, making it attractive and creating goodwill. However, New Delhi lacked the will to act smartly and hence did not get the desired strategic influences due to 'soft power behavior'.
- Published
- 2022
22. The role of the cultural and creative industries in cultural diplomacy and soft power between China and the European Union
- Author
-
Silvia María González Fernández
- Subjects
International relations ,China ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Public diplomacy ,cultural and creative industries ,Creative industries ,soft power ,Economy ,Soft power ,Spain ,Political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Cultural diplomacy ,European Union ,European union ,Law ,Diplomacy ,media_common ,information society - Abstract
This paper analyses the different terms used in public diplomacy and the symbiotic relations that connect the European Union and China through culture, mobility, cultural diplomacy and soft power. The first part of the article reviews the main treaties and agreements signed between the two continents in the cultural field and explain mobility as a driver to enhance relations among countries. The main objective and central axis of the article is to examine the roles played by the cultural and creative industries in the field of international relations and diplomacy between the European Union, Spain and China through a case study: an analysis of Chinese artists in the Spanish residencies. The methodologies used are qualitative and quantitative analysis through in depth interviews with Chinese artists, a survey to artistic residencies and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping. The last part of the paper offers some reflections and conclusions about the correlation between, and relevance of the cultural and creative industries for cultural diplomacy or mobility between countries, soft power and the image of a country abroad.
- Published
- 2021
23. THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY ON THE STATES VISIBILITY IN THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
- Author
-
Trajkov, Viktorija and Trajkov, Goran
- Subjects
Public diplomacy ,Polen ,International Relations ,international relations ,Tschechische Republik ,the public ,United States of America ,Internationale Beziehungen ,Öffentlichkeit ,lcsh:JC11-607 ,International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ,lcsh:Political theory ,Mazedonien ,Macedonia ,diplomacy ,Poland ,internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ,Diplomatie ,USA ,ddc:327 ,Czech Republic - Abstract
"The attention of this paper focuses on international relations and the impact of public. This paper focuses on international relations and the impact of public diplomacy. The main goal of this study is to analyze the modern instruments of Public diplomacy that are available to countries aiming to achieve three goals in realizing their national interests: first, to overcome negative images from their past, second, to disseminate their values and model of governing and, third, which is most frequently the case, made widely known their comparative economic and trade advantages for foreign investment. Having in mind the Macedonian example, some analysts, when talking about the introduction of EU to the, citizens, believe that they do not sufficiently explain what it means membership in Euro-Atlantic structures. The Republic of Macedonia shall be used as a reference to the case study in the thesis where numerous practical examples are applied to Public diplomacy in the country recent past record in the field of public diplomacy." (author's abstract)
- Published
- 2020
24. ON THE QUESTION OF CLIMATE DIPLOMACY
- Subjects
International relations ,Civil society ,media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:Philosophy (General) ,Global warming ,Climate change ,кліматичні конференції ,зміна клімату ,Public diplomacy ,Soft power ,суб’єкти кліматичної дипломатії ,Foreign policy ,Political economy ,Political science ,кліматичний режим ,дипломатія ,lcsh:B1-5802 ,Diplomacy ,media_common ,кліматична дипломатія - Abstract
Problem setting. An important problem mankind has become the global climate change, which in reality today there is no doubt. Recent research and publications analysis. An analysis of recent studies and publica- tions has revealed a clear lack of research in the field of climatic diplomacy in the na- tional scientific tradition, although in the documents devoted to the issue of climate change, this term is used. To date, there are not enough scientific papers to address the main aspects of the theory and practice of climate diplomacy. Researches devoted to the consideration of climate change problems in political science, as presented by modern Western political science, are practically absent. Paper objective. The purpose and tasks of this article are related to the conceptualiza- tion of climate diplomacy in the aspect of international-political issues regarding its es- sence, structure and analysis of its methodological significance for the improvement of modern practices in the management of international relations or foreign policy in the field of climate change. Paper main body. In the article is realized the conceptualization of climate diplomacy in the aspect of international political problems regarding its essence, structure and stages of evolution, its methodological significance for improving modern practices of managing international relations or foreign policy in the sphere of climate change is ana- lyzed. The content of the terms «climate diplomacy», «climatic regime», «climate confer- ences» is disclosed, the object and subject of climate diplomacy, the main elements of climate diplomacy, the some documents of climate diplomacy are analyzed. The influence of those changes, which take place in diplomacy, on the formation and features of climate diplomacy is traced. The problem of climate change is actualized on social and human consequences, which, possibly, can have the risks of conflict and instability. Particular attention is paid to the empirical level of climate diplomacy, which analyzes the architec- ture of climate change, as well as the analytical level of climate diplomacy, which is de- termined by the transition from the club to the network forms of climate diplomacy on a wider background of discussions about the nature, relevance and adequacy of climate diplomacy in a complex global world. The author considers the criterial signs of climate diplomacy: belonging to the sphere of international relations and the foreign policy of the state; application of negotiations as the main instrument for establishing relations between subjects of international relations in the field of climate change; the presence of the institute of professionals who directly conduct climate talks and implement climate cooperation, preventing not only climate change, but also the consequences of measures taken to respond to climate change. Conclusions of the research. Consequently, climate diplomacy is proposed to be de- fined as the theory and practice of creating an international climatic regime, climate change through multilevel, collective and public diplomacy, which is based on soft power tools that are owned and actively used by officials of states, international organizations, informal institutions, transnational structures and civil society, among which a special role belongs to the negotiation process and the result of which is the clear legal and organizational design of architecture for climatic changes.
- Published
- 2018
25. Managing a nation's image during crisis: A study of the Chinese government's image repair efforts in the “Made in China” controversy
- Author
-
Peijuan, Cai, Ting, Lee Pei, and Pang, Augustine
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *PUBLIC relations , *CRISIS communication , *NATIONAL character , *GOVERNMENT policy , *PRODUCT recall , *DIPLOMACY , *CASE studies - Abstract
Abstract: The image of a nation is crucial in the conduct of international relations (Wang, J. (2006). Managing national reputation and international relations in the global era: Public diplomacy revisited. Public Relations Review, 32, 91–96). A favorable image plays a critical role in asserting one''s influence (Benoit, W. L., & Brinson, S. L. (1994). AT&T: “Apologies are not enough”. Communication Quarterly, 42, 75–88; Wang, J. (2006). Managing national reputation and international relations in the global era: Public diplomacy revisited. Public Relations Review, 32, 91–96). Often, strategic communication tools like public relations and media diplomacy are used to enhance a nation''s image (. News agencies, national images, and global media events. Journalism Quarterly, 77, 8–21). In 2007, China''s reputation as “the workshop of the world” (. China: A workshop of the Cd and a market for Europe. At: http://ideas.repec.org/a/cii/cepill/2005-245.html. Accessed on 14 May 2009) came under severe threat with a series of product recalls. This was arguably the first time that allegations of product deficiencies were targeted at a country. Using the image repair theory, this paper examined the strategies used and the image these strategies generated for China. Findings showed that the initial defensive strategies generated an image of a hurried and harried country. After it was willing to confront the crises through corrective action, a surer and more determined image emerged. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Telling the American story to the world: The purpose of U.S. public diplomacy in historical perspective
- Author
-
Wang, Jian
- Subjects
- *
DIPLOMACY , *INTERNATIONAL communication , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Abstract: This paper seeks to provide an historical reflection on the central purpose of U.S. public diplomacy through an examination of the manifest mandate of the three major institutional settings for such international communication programs, i.e., the Committee on Public Information, the Office of War Information, and the United States Information Agency, and to shed light on the current public diplomacy endeavor spearheaded by the Department of State. The review demonstrates that U.S. public diplomacy has been principally an ad hoc instrument of American foreign policy to meet wartime exigencies and has been underscored by the promotion of American values of democracy and freedom. Over the years, it has expanded to encompass multiple modes of engagement, while at the same time there has been constant tension concerning the role of public diplomacy as a strategic, policy function versus merely as a “mouthpiece” within the foreign affairs apparatus. All of these themes continue to reverberate in the contemporary practice of public diplomacy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Korea's Middle Power Diplomacy for Human Security: A Global and Regional Approach
- Author
-
Lee, Shin-wha and Park, Chun Young
- Published
- 2017
28. Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy as Counter-terrorism Measure in Contemporary International Politics
- Author
-
Zahid Ali Khan and Noor Fatima
- Subjects
International relations ,State (polity) ,Soft power ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political economy ,Hard power ,Political science ,Terrorism ,Nation branding ,Public diplomacy ,Diplomacy ,media_common ,Soft Power, Image, Nation Branding, Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy - Abstract
Public diplomacy lies at the heart of modern development of information age and shapes the concept of social and political thought. This paper analysis the concept of soft power vis-a-vis counter terrorism strategy of nation states and discusses the significance of the soft power and public/cultural diplomacy in building image, nation branding and ultimately building a narrative. It will bring the reference point of Pakistan on the issue of relevance with today's world at the same time carrying a negative image of terrorist state. This paper establishes co-relation between nation branding and public diplomacy. Since the hard power is meeting with failure in order to curb the terrorism, there is limitation of state capacity to use hard power in bringing the structural changes needed for curbing terrorism. The paper recommends that there is a great need for revisiting religious narrative that extremists invoke for justification of their acts.
- Published
- 2018
29. Diplomacia pública, Guerra Fría y relaciones Colombia-Estados Unidos: la exhibición Capitalismo Democrático en Bogotá (1956).
- Author
-
PULIDO LONDOÑO, HERNANDO ANDRÉS
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,COLD War, 1945-1991 ,CAPITALISM ,COMMUNISTS ,AUTHORITARIANISM ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Copyright of IBEROAMERICANA. América Latina - España - Portugal is the property of Vervuert Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. e-Diplomacy: a systematic literature review
- Author
-
Hamad Al-Muftah, Vishanth Weerakkody, and Uthayasankar Sivarajah
- Subjects
International relations ,Digital diplomacy ,business.industry ,Management science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,systematic literature review ,Public relations ,Public diplomacy ,050601 international relations ,public diplomacy ,0506 political science ,e-Diplomacy ,Systematic review ,Foreign policy ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,business ,Empirical evidence ,Diplomacy ,Qualitative research ,media_common - Abstract
Digital diplomacy (also popularly known as e-Diplomacy), is generally defined as the use of information and communication technology for purposes of attaining foreign policy goals. Many experts have particularly defined digital diplomacy as an electronic component of public diplomacy. Although digital diplomacy is an emerging new field with a wide range of important applications in international relations, only a few previous studies have been conducted in this area. This has contributed to a significant research gap. The primary aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of the current e-diplomacy studies based on a systematic literature review research methodology. The results have highlighted two key findings. Firstly, most of the previous studies have been primarily conducted in North America and Europe. Secondly, the majority of studies adopted qualitative methods to gather new empirical evidence to support existing literature and develop new propositions on e-Diplomacy. Finally, based on the findings, the paper highlights a few areas in which further research may be needed in order to help develop the emerging concept of e-Diplomacy.
- Published
- 2016
31. The role and challenges of country branding in transition countries: The Central and Eastern European experience
- Author
-
György Szondi
- Subjects
Marketing ,International relations ,Economic growth ,Strategy and Management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,Public diplomacy ,Eastern european ,Place branding ,Politics ,Economy ,Political science ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,Diplomacy ,media_common - Abstract
Developing coherent and comprehensive country brands is of vital importance for transitional countries as branding can contribute to the success of transition. Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is a typical transitional region where the evolution of country branding provides valuable insights and experiences for other transitional regions as well. This paper overviews the most important challenges as well as mistakes of place branding in the region. After conceptualising place branding in the CEE context, the most important functions of country brands in transitional countries are outlined. This paper concentrates on those countries that joined the European Union in 2004 although some references are made to other Eastern European nations, which are at earlier stages of their political and economic transition.
- Published
- 2007
32. Data-Driven Public Diplomacy: A Critical and Reflexive Assessment.
- Author
-
Bean, Hamilton and Comor, Edward
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,ACQUISITION of data ,COLD War, 1945-1991 ,COUNTERTERRORISM ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
Copyright of All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy & Peace is the property of Ihsan Dogramaci Peace Foundation, Center for Foreign Policy & Peace Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Thinking culturally about place
- Author
-
Franco Bianchini and Lia Ghilardi
- Subjects
Marketing ,International relations ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Social change ,Identity (social science) ,Public relations ,Public diplomacy ,Place branding ,Action (philosophy) ,Political philosophy ,Sociology ,business ,Diplomacy ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,media_common - Abstract
This paper explains the bases for an alternative approach to place branding and marketing, based on the disciplines of Cultural Mapping and Cultural Planning. After an introduction of key cultural mapping and planning concepts and issues, the paper discusses some innovative practical examples of culturally sensitive place branding and marketing from Sweden and the UK, and concludes by outlining some components of a possible future agenda for action.
- Published
- 2007
34. Діджиталізація публічної дипломатії Сполучених Штатів Америки за президентства Дональда Трампа
- Subjects
International relations ,National security ,Presidency ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public diplomacy ,New media ,Globalization ,Foreign policy ,Political economy ,Political science ,business ,Diplomacy ,media_common - Abstract
Digitalization is one of the most essential components of modern globalization process. Today, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, there are almost no areas left that are not being affected by modern information technologies. Digitalization has become the basis of transformational processes of the world economy, cultural development, political life, etc. The sphere of foreign policy activity is not an exception, using digital technologies in its work. The usage of modern digital technologies has led to the abrupt changes in the diplomatic sphere, changing the form of its work. The key players of the international relations system actively use resources of the information and communication technologies in their diplomatic work.The United States of America has become a pioneer in the application of the digital technologies into diplomacy. There are institutions at the state level that implement modern digital technologies into the country’s foreign policy activities in order to achieve strategic interests and ensure the national security. The article analyzes trends in digitalization of the Public Diplomacy in the United States of America under the Trump administration. The main mechanisms and platforms for using modern information and communication technologies are described. It is proved that under the presidency of Trump’s digitalization of US public diplomacy has been taking place at a significant pace. The main directions of application of modern digital technologies in the field of US public diplomacy are traced. The role of the so-called «New Media» in the foreign policy activities of the Trump administration is studied. The paper proves that Donald Tramp had a peculiar way of communication using the social network Twitter, which often contradicted the activities of other high-ranking US officials and, in some places, did not coincide with the declared the foreign policy course of the state.
- Published
- 2021
35. DIPLOMASI PUBLIK SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENGGALANG DUKUNGAN INTERNASIONAL BAGI PALESTINA
- Author
-
Giasinta Livia
- Subjects
International relations ,State (polity) ,Soft power ,Sovereignty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Digital diplomacy ,International community ,Public administration ,Public diplomacy ,Diplomacy ,media_common - Abstract
The preference of states to use public diplomacy strategy to support the realization of their national interests has become an international phenomenon nowadays. Public diplomacy in the modern era of International Relations turns out to be an instrument for states to exercise their soft power, as well as to convey specific messages intended for the international public. Thus, public diplomacy could be an alternative way for states that had serious barriers in practicing formal diplomacy in conventional ways. Palestine, as an entity whose legal status remains debatable, also utilizes public diplomacy as its strategy to gain support and recognition from the international community. This paper would aim to answer the research question on how Palestine exercises its public diplomacy, particularly digital diplomacy and citizen diplomacy, to gain international recognition for its statehood. By means of the use of social media and the exposure on Palestine’s internationally well-known figure, Palestine is building a perception that Palestine itself is a state with no difference with the other states — therefore deserves independence and total sovereignty over its territory.
- Published
- 2020
36. Osobennosti kul'turnoy diplomatii Italii na sovremennom etape
- Author
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S A Bokeriya and Valerij Vitalevich Danilov
- Subjects
History ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Development ,eu cultural strategy ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,Soft power ,Political science ,italy ,Institutional analysis ,“soft power” ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,Diplomacy ,media_common ,International relations ,Government ,lcsh:International relations ,Public diplomacy ,culture ,diplomacy ,economy ,Economy ,Foreign policy ,Political Science and International Relations ,politics ,lcsh:JZ2-6530 ,Cultural policy - Abstract
The article analyzes the cultural policy of Italy, which is one of the key soft power instruments of the country, along with public diplomacy, the Italian language, education and scientific activities, through the prism of the cultural strategy of the EU. Despite the presence of a large number of articles on soft power implementation, this issue remains insufficiently covered today, since the concept of soft power emerged at the end of the 20th century in the framework of the American international relations school (J. Nye) and the majority of academic foreign papers are still devoted to the American soft power model. It is revealed that scientific community paid not enough attention to the Italian soft power phenomenon. The author’s goal is to analyze the cultural model of Italy, used as one of soft power component. According to the results of the structural, comparative and institutional analysis, fundamental problems in the development of the Italian cultural model were identified, as well as the links between the successful adoption of cultural diplomacy and economic crisis. The governmental initiatives in Italy in realization of cultural diplomacy and the EU cultural strategy are thoroughly reviewed. The analysis of the activities of specialized government institutions responsible for the cultural promotion of the country and the Italian language abroad is carried out. The soft power rankings, reflecting the effectiveness of cultural policy, in particular, Anholt-GfK Nation Brands Index and The Soft Power 30 are being analyzed. Measures to ensure the efficient use of the soft power resources in Italy are proposed. They are mostly aimed at combining the activities of existing institutions and forming an integrated strategy for popularizing, financing and broadening soft power components both within the state and foreign policy strategy.
- Published
- 2019
37. New Public Diplomacy and its Effects on International Level.
- Author
-
Gurgu, Elena and Cociuban, Aristide
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,SOFT power (Social sciences) ,COOPERATIVE research ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The purpose of this article is to make known the new type of public diplomacy and the effects this new diplomacy can have internationally. The objectives of our article refer to the context of change, the role of the media in public diplomacy, new approaches and elements of public diplomacy, current diplomacy in scientific and technical way and the use of scientific cooperation to improve bilateral relations between countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The Role of Iran’s «Soft Power» in Confronting Iranophobia
- Author
-
R. Hajimineh and S. M. Mirmohammad Sadeghi
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,050109 social psychology ,Balance of threat ,Public opinion ,Soft power ,iranophobia ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,«soft power» ,Diplomacy ,media_common ,International relations ,islamic republic of iran ,Grand strategy ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Public diplomacy ,public diplomacy ,JZ2-6530 ,0506 political science ,foreign policy ,Foreign policy ,Political economy ,business - Abstract
«Soft power» is a set of activities designed by a government or regional and international actors aimed to influence external public opinion, promote external image or attract support for a particular policy, which is implemented through all the available tools and new technologies. The non-governmental actors also play an effective and important role in this diplomacy. Considering the public diplomacy and soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a deliberate and conscious approach can be of great importance in the country's grand strategies that will strengthen national interests in the domestic sphere and influence them at regional and global levels. The article analyzes the role of Iran’s soft power in confronting Iranophobia. The study is aimed at presenting a theoretical definition of public diplomacy and soft power in foreign policy and international system, and then examines its role in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran with an emphasis on confronting Iranophobia.The authors answer the research question: “What is the role of soft power in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in confronting Iranophobia?” The research method is descriptive-analytical based on historical evidence, documents, and analytical issues of theorists, authors, and media being expressed in the theoretical framework of soft power. The paper is based on a synthesis of Stephen Walt’s “balance of threat” theory with Alexander Wendt’s social constructivism to explain the Iranian “threat” in American foreign policy.The findings of this research show that without the use of force and disturbing the balance in the international relations, using a variety of tools and instruments the Iranian public diplomacy and soft power might be effective to reduce the global and regional atmosphere of Iranophobia and undermine anti-Iranian solidarity.
- Published
- 2019
39. Priming, Rap News, and Public Diplomacy: Reporting on an NGO-Led Media Initiative in Uganda.
- Author
-
SHAKER, LEE and FALZONE, PAUL
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,PRIMING (Psychology) ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
Mediated public diplomacy campaigns are proliferating around the world. Governments are joined by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), terrorists, and others that seek to effect change on the international stage by speaking directly to global populations. As these initiatives spread, they also use new and creative communication tactics. This study contributes to the evolving public diplomacy literature in two key ways. First, it explores the design and effects of an NGO-led intervention that employs a novel message format-rap news-in Uganda. Second, it reports on the integration of priming theory and entertainment-education strategies into this intervention and its evaluation. Experimental results indicate that priming via rap news can be effective-but that the precise results are difficult to control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
40. Horizontal coherence in EU social media diplomacy: case of Ukraine.
- Author
-
Iarovyi, Dmytro
- Subjects
SOCIAL media ,DIPLOMACY ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INFORMATION technology ,POLITICIANS ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
Copyright of Information Sciences / Informacijos Mokslai is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
41. CHINA’S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY: EVOLUTION, CHALLENGES, AND THE GREEK CASE
- Author
-
Georgios Zacharias
- Subjects
China ,Public Administration ,Internationale Beziehungen ,Domain (software engineering) ,Public Diplomacy ,Political science ,bilateral relations ,Außenpolitik ,Diplomatie ,bilaterale Beziehungen ,Greece ,Foreign Policy ,Public diplomacy ,lcsh:JC11-607 ,International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ,Griechenland ,lcsh:Political theory ,diplomacy ,foreign policy ,Bilateral Relations ,Foreign policy ,Political economy ,Political Science and International Relations ,International relations ,internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,ddc:327 - Abstract
The construction of a positive international image is profoundly correlated with advancing one’s national interests abroad. Influencing foreign audiences and creating multisided links with countries of interest, is the main objective of public diplomacy. In the highly interconnected XXI century, countries have increasingly invested in that practice, assisted by major technological advancements. China is not an exception. The current paper will examine in which ways the latter conducts public diplomacy and through which actors. The study will also try to showcase the evolution and challenges that took place in this domain. Afterward, the case study of Greece will be considered, presenting the Chinese actors engaging in the country, the practices they use, and how the bilateral relationship has been affected. The essay will conclude with estimating the total effectiveness of the practices, possible challenges that exist, and several insights for future reference.
- Published
- 2021
42. From Europe to the Arab Peninsula? Cultural Diplomacy Practices in the United Arab Emirates
- Author
-
Daniel Golebiowski
- Subjects
kulturelle Beziehungen ,Frankreich ,United Arab Emirates ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Soft Power ,Cultural Diplomacy ,Public Diplomacy ,germany ,Internationale Beziehungen ,Germany ,Außenpolitik ,cultural relations ,cultural diplomacy ,Diplomatie ,Political science ,international relations ,united arab emirates ,International Relations, International Politics, Foreign Affairs, Development Policy ,public diplomacy ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,soft power ,diplomacy ,foreign policy ,Vereinigte Arabische Emirate ,France ,internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik ,france ,ddc:327 - Abstract
This paper analyzes the practice of “cultural diplomacy” and “soft power” in the United Arab Emirates in light of previously developed practices in European countries such as France and Germany. These two concepts referred to international relations and invented in the Western world, describe strategies that have been taken up by non-Western governments, either to complement their hard power capacity with its soft equivalent or to fill a gap where hard power is missing. Diverse (especially state) actors in international relations appear convinced that public and cultural diplomacy, as an example of soft power, is the most advanced, non-invasive way of conveying a positive image, values, or lifestyle, being at the same time a non-violent means of pursuing national interests. How is the concept of cultural diplomacy applied and facilitated in non-Western countries? Which model of public diplomacy best describes actions undertaken by the Emirati authorities and what are the reason for developing a soft power strategy in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)? This article answers these questions through a comparative analysis of the United Arab Emirates with the examples of France and Germany. It points out the potential challenges and opportunities which arise from a non-Western government using a tool of cultural diplomacy by analyzing diverse initiatives undertaken by UAE, including the “Emirati Film Review in Poland”.
- Published
- 2020
43. Sports Diplomacy of Norway
- Author
-
Michał Kobierecki
- Subjects
International relations ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Identity (social science) ,Gender studies ,Norwegian ,Public diplomacy ,public diplomacy ,language.human_language ,0506 political science ,Political science (General) ,nation branding ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,Sports diplomacy ,050602 political science & public administration ,language ,Nation branding ,international image of Norway ,JA1-92 ,050212 sport, leisure & tourism ,Diplomacy ,media_common - Abstract
Norway is perceived as a country with a clear international identity. The aim of the article is to investigate the sports diplomacy of Norway and to examine its influence on the international brand of this country. The author will define the term “sports diplomacy” and attempt to outline the strategy of Norway’s public diplomacy; an analysis of the methods used in Norwegian sports diplomacy will follow. The main hypothesis of this paper is that sports diplomacy only plays a subsidiary role in Norwegian nation branding.
- Published
- 2017
44. PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND THE EUROPEAN EXTERNAL ACTION SERVICE BRIDGING THE CAPABILITY-EXPECTATIONS GAP.
- Author
-
JORA, LUCIAN
- Subjects
CULTURAL diplomacy ,EUROPEAN foreign relations, 1989- ,CULTURAL relations ,DIPLOMACY ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Within the EEAS when it came to the Public and Cultural Diplomacy the divergent philosophical traditions converted in strategies of actions can be both a challenge and an asset. The European mix of cultural diplomacy and cultural promotions strategies and approaches can create in theory the most powerful public and cultural diplomacy strategy. Although there is a clear idea of what the EU's fundamental aims and objectives are on the international scene as well as consensus on what type of actor the Union wishes to be at least at this stage. Bridging the gap between theory and practice would involve clarifying the details within the mechanism of representation, virtually for every type of public/cultural diplomacy action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
45. Engaging Technologies: A Comparative Study of U.S. and Venezuelan Strategies of Influence and Public Diplomacy.
- Author
-
HAYDEN, CRAIG
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,INFORMATION & communication technologies ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations theory ,TREATIES - Abstract
Nation-state efforts to account for the shift in the global communication environment, such as "public diplomacy 2.0," appear to reflect interrelated transformations-how information and communication technologies (ICTs) change the instruments of statecraft and, importantly, how communication interventions serve as strategically significant foreign policy objectives in their own right. This article examines two cases of foreign policy rhetoric that reveal how the social and political roles of ICTs are articulated as part of international influence objectives: the case of public diplomacy 2.0 programs in the United States and Venezuela's Telesur international broadcasting effort. These two cases provide evidence of the increasing centrality of ICTs to policy concerns and demonstrate how policy makers translate contextualized ideas of communication effects and mediated politics into practical formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
46. Hacia una teoría comunicativa de la diplomacia pública.
- Author
-
Sánchez, Juan Luis Manfredi
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,SPANISH foreign relations ,SOVEREIGNTY ,INTERNATIONAL relations on television ,COMMUNICATION strategies ,SOCIAL networks ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Copyright of Comunicación y Sociedad is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
47. Public Diplomacy: Sunrise of an Academic Field.
- Author
-
Gregory, Bruce
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,DIPLOMACY ,COLD War, 1945-1991 ,WAR & society ,SOCIOLOGY ,MODERN history - Abstract
Public diplomacy is a political instrument with analytical boundaries and distinguishing characteristics, but is it an academic field? It is used by states, associations of states, and nonstate actors to understand cultures, attitudes, and behavior; build and manage relationships; and influence opinions and actions to advance interests and values. This article examines scholarship with relevance, usually unintended, to the study of public diplomacy and a body of analytical and policy-related literature derived from the practice of public diplomacy. Ideas, wars, globalism, technologies, political pressures, and professional norms shaped the conduct of public diplomacy and the literature of scholars and practitioners during the hot and cold wars of the twentieth century. In the twenty-first century, thick globalism, network structures, and new technologies are transforming scholarship, governance, and state-based public diplomacy. An achievable consensus on an analytical framework and a substantial scholarly and practical literature hold promise for an emerging academic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Public Diplomacy and the Rise of Chinese Soft Power.
- Author
-
Yiwei Wang
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,DIPLOMACY ,POLITICAL culture ,POLITICS & culture ,PROPAGANDA - Abstract
In recent years, China has sought to supplement its traditional use of hard power with soft power, and thus the Chinese government has paid more and more attention to public diplomacy. Chinese governments have previously demonstrated a limited understanding of public diplomacy, seeing it either as external propaganda or a form of internal public affairs, but this has not prevented China from becoming a skilled public diplomacy player. Key aspects of traditional Chinese culture and politics have presented major obstacles for Chinese public diplomacy. In comparison to the United States, China needs an enduring and effective public diplomacy strategy and needs to improve its skills to make full use of the modern media. The peaceful rise/peaceful development policy in Chinese grand strategy has sought to integrate Chinese hard power and soft power to create a soft rise for China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Mapping the Undefinable: Some Thoughts on the Relevance of Exchange Programs within International Relations Theory.
- Author
-
Scott-Smith, Giles
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,DIPLOMACY ,GOVERNMENT policy ,CRITICAL theory ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
This article examines the importance of exchange programs as channels of political influence and the value that can be gained from examining their impact via various theoretical positions in international relations (IR). Although there are clear possibilities for linking the study of public diplomacy with IR theory, so far this has not occurred to any real extent. Following World War II, a whole swathe of social scientific and behavioralist research, mainly in the fields of communications and psychology, laid the basis for understanding the political implications of public diplomacy and exchanges. Using these studies as a springboard, the article moves on first to consider their continuing relevance and then to insert exchanges within reflections on IR fields such as regime theory, Gramscian-based critical theory, constructivism, epistemic communities, and transnational networks. The article concludes with some observations on the relevance of exchanges as forms of cultural-political interchange and the use of case studies for confirming their importance as an object of study for IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Moving from Monologue to Dialogue to Collaboration: The Three Layers of Public Diplomacy.
- Author
-
Cowan, Geoffrey and Arsenault, Amelia
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,DIPLOMACY ,SOCIAL sciences ,CULTURAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL organization ,SOCIAL science research - Abstract
For a number of years, commentators and professionals have noted that effective public diplomacy requires that state and private actors communicate with the people of other nations by moving from monologue to dialogue. This article argues that both monologue and dialogue are essential public diplomacy tools and that collaboration is a third layer of public diplomacy that should also be examined. Collaboration, defined in this article as initiatives that feature cross-national participation in a joint venture or project with a clearly defined goal, may in certain instances be a more effective public diplomacy technique than either monologue or dialogue. By examining related social science research, this article seeks to start a systematic examination of the circumstances in which each of these three layers of public diplomacy—monologue, dialogue, and collaboration—is most appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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