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This experiment was to study the therapeutic effect of modified Yujin powder on E. coli in the P. przewalskii. Twenty the Procapra przewalskii with the E. coli were selected from the Wildlife Rescue Center of the Qinghai Lake National Nature Reserve and randomly divided into low-dose group, highdose group, gentamicin sulfate group and control group with 5 Procapra przewalskii in each group. The P. przewalskii in modified Yujin powder group were given Yujing powder once every morning and evening, 3, 4 mL/(kg-BW) for the low-dose group and high-dose group, respectively. The P. przewalskii were injected with gentamicin sulfate intramuscularly, once every morning and evening. The P. przewalskii in control group were fed normally and no medicine was given. After 7 d, the clinical symptoms of the P. przewalskii were observed, and the blood routine, serum biochemical parameter, serum immune and antioxidant indices were measured. The results showed that the P. przewalskii were sensitive reaction, increased appetite, and no diarrhea in the modified Yujin powder group. The healing rates were 75%, 85%, and 60% in low-dose group, high-dose group, gentamicin sulfate group, respectively. The effects of modified Yujin powder was better than gentamicin sulfate. The contents of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the number of white blood cell (WBC) in 3 drug delivery groups were extremely significantly lower (P<0.01) than the control group, and the contents of potassium (K), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the 3 drug delivery groups were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of control group, but there were no remarkable differences between the 3 drug delivery groups. The serum catalase (CAT) activity in the high-dose group was extremely significantly higher (P<0.01) than that in the low-dose group, gentamicin sulfate group, and control group. Consequently, modified Yujin powder had a good therapeutic effect on the E. coli in P. przewalskii. and the effect of the high-dose group was better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fat tail/rump is considered as an adaptive selection under harsh challenges which serves as a fat store for the animal. However, the mechanism of fat deposition in tail is unclear. The polymorphisms of candidate sheep CEBPA, PRKAG3 and SREBF1 genes and their relationship with fat deposition between fat-tailed (rumped) and thin-tailed breeds were investigated. Two and one SNPs were identified for PRKAG3 and SREBF1 respectively. Genotyping method was used to analyze genotypes among Altay sheep (fat-rumped breed) and White Suffolk (thin-tailed breed) by Sequenom MassArray. For PRKAG3 gene, a c,1744C>T SNP and a c,1840C>T SNP have been genotyped. For SREBF1 gene, an unknown synonymous c.2878A>G SNP was detected. The genotype distributions in those two loci were significantly different between fat tail and thin tail breeds by chi-square test(P<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circadian rhythm is a biological rhythm that is related closely to the rhythmic expression of a series of clock genes. A number of studies have revealed the role of circadian rhythms in the estrous mode of mammals. In the present study, the expression patterns of six canonical clock genes (Clock, BMAL1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1 and Per2) were analyzed in year-round estrous rams (Small Tail Han sheep, STH) and seasonal estrous rams (Sunite sheep, SNT). The result showed that all six genes were expressed in brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis, epididymis, vas deferens and adrenal gland tissues in both breeds. The expression level of Clock and BMAL1 showed similar trends in the brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis and epididymis in both breeds. The expression levels of Clock, BMAL1, and Cry1 were significantly higher in the pituitary tissue of STH rams than in that of SNT rams, whereas the expression level of Cry2 showed the opposite pattern. We speculate that Cry1 and Cry2 may have opposite roles in the circadian rhythm of rams. Moreover, the expression patterns of Cry1/2 and Per1/2 in the pituitary suggested that the CRY and PER proteins may function in the circadian rhythm either as a complex or as individual, Therefore, we concluded that circadian rhythmicity may regulate the estrous mode of rams via clock genes within transcription/translation feedback/feedforward loops. This is the first study to systematically analyze the expression patterns of clock genes in rams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To elucidate the tissue expression levels of BMPR1B, BMP15, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5, and Smad9 genes in rams with different fecundity, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the expression level of six genes in the brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, testis, epididymis, vas deferens, and adrenal gland in high fecundity (Small Tail Han sheep) and low fecundity (Sunite sheep) rams. The results were as follows: BMPR1B, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad9 were expressed in all selected tissues, but BMP15 was specifically expressed in the epididymis. Further study indicated that the expression of BMPRIB in the brain, hypothalamus, pituitary, epididymis, and adrenal gland was significantly higher in Sunite sheep than in Small Tail Han sheep (p < 0.05, p < 0.01); the expression of BMP15 in the epididymis was significantly higher in Sunite sheep than in Small Tail Han sheep (p < 0.01); the expression of GDF9 in the cerebellum and vas deferens was significantly higher in Small Tail Han sheep than in Sunite sheep (p < 0.05); the expression of GDF9 in the adrenal gland was significantly higher in Sunite sheep than in Small Tail Han sheep (p < 0.01); the expression of Smad1 in the brain and adrenal gland was significantly higher in Small Tail Han sheep than in Sunite sheep (p < 0.05); the expression of Smad1 in vas deferens was significantly higher in Sunite sheep than in Small Tail Han sheep (p < 0.01); the expression of Smad5 in the adrenal gland was significantly higher in Small Tail Han sheep than in Sunite sheep (p < 0.05); the expression of Smad9 in the brain and epididymis was significantly higher in Sunite sheep than in Small Tail Han sheep (p < 0.05, p < 0.01); and the expression of Smad9 in the cerebellum and hypothalamus was significantly higher in Small Tail Han sheep than in Sunite sheep (p < 0.05). This is the first study to systematically analyze the BMPR1B, BMP15, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5, and Smad9 genes’ tissue expression pattern in rams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]