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To breed a new yam cultivar of Dioscorea alata, the different and excellent germplasm resources were investigated within artificially cultivated population and some superior individuals, with a higher yield and medicinal properties, were selected. Considering results of the yield and medicinal properties during 2006-2013 cropping season, strains and lines were established and selected. As a result, the yield of the new developed cultivar (Wenshanyao No. 1, WSY01-1) reached 2217. 0 kg per 667 m2 (fresh weight) and 348.3 kg per 667 m2 (dry weight), and increased 23.8% and 23.9% comparing with control cultivars (landraces). Comparing with control cultivars, the level of polysaccharide, allantoin, and dioscin increased 36.9%, 48.3%, 20.9%, and reached 12.2%, 1.30%, 579.7 µg · g(-1), respectively. This result showed that the systematic selection method can significantly improve yield and medicinal properties of D. alata, and the developed " Wenshanyao No. 1" exhibits wide spreading prospects.

In order to breed and spread a new cultivar of Curcuma wenyujin, the C. wenyujin germplasm resources were investigated in authentic regions. Better varieties were chosen by comparing the yield, economic characters and quality differences between different cultivars. The results showed that the character of new selected cultivar was stable, the yield of zedoary, turmeric and curcuma was reached 313.7, 177.9, 91.2 kg per 667 m2, respectively, it increased 11.6%, 10.2%, 14.2% comparing with farmer varieties. The volatile oil contents in zedoary and turmeric was 4.0%, 3.0%, respectively. The target ingredients (germacrone) content was stable. It is demonstrated that the new cultivar "Wenyujin No. 1" has value for extension at authentic regions.

Suspension cultures cell of Sorbus aucuparia (SASC) was used as materials, the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes of SASC after treatment with yeast extract (YE) were detected, and the synthetic mechanism of secondary metabolites in SASC treated with YE was preliminarily explored. The results were as follows: under the assay conditions, SASC was induced to synthesize five biphenyl compounds, and these compounds content changed differently with induction time prolonging; YE treatment inhibited cell growth, the culture medium pH was gradually reduced after treatment; water-soluble protein content showed a trend of slow decline, which was significantly increased in YE treatment group (YE group) compared with the control group (CK group), the maximum relative content was 147.76% in contrast with CK group; both YE group and CK group were extracellular Ca2+ flow influx, but the YE group flow was significantly slow than CK group. The results indicate that YE induced the cells in a stress state, which was not conducive to the growth of cells and forced the cells to synthesize biphenyl compounds against external stress; water-soluble protein may serve as intracellular enzymes involved in the synthesis of compounds regulation; Ca2+ may as signal molecule mediate cell signal transduction respond to YE stress.

WRKY transcription factor is one of the Zinc finger proteins which contains a highly conserved WRKY domain and is a family of the plant-specific transcription factor. The plasmid pET28a-SmWRKY1 harboring Salvia miltiorrhiza WRKY1 (SmWRKY1) gene was successfully transformed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The conditions on protein expression of SmWRKY1 in E. coli, including induction duration, temperature, IPTG concentration and the E. coli concentration were optimized. The results showed that the highest protein expression of SmWRKY1 was obtained at 24 hours after the E. coli was cultured in the presence of 0.2 mol x L(-1) IPTG at 20 degrees C with A600 values of 1.0-1.5. This recombinant histidine-tagged protein was expressed at 2.454 g x L(-1) as inclusion body, which was first extracted using urea, and then purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography and identified by SDS-PAGE. The expression of SmWRKY1 in E. coli was further confirmed by western blotting analysis.

Objective: To study the developmental phase on the growth and active compounds in Scutellaria baicalensis., Method: Seeds of wild plants were collected from Laiwu and sowed in Fangshan (Beijing) and Laiwu (Shandong). Samples of aerial and underground parts were collected in five growth periods of sprouts, seedlings, flowering, seed drop and withered periods respectively. The length of taproot, fresh weight of root, diameter of taproot and the length of stem were determined. The content of active compounds and total flavonoids were determined by HPLC and ultraviolet spectrophotometry respectively. The transcripted level of PAL1, PAL2, PAL3, C4H, 4CL, CHS, GUS and UBGAT were analyzed with RT-PCR., Result: The results showed that the aerial part of S. baicalensis grew quickly before flowering stage, and the underground part grew mostly between the periods of flowering and withered. In the whole growing developmental periods, the content of total flavonoids was not changed significantly, the content of baicalin was increased gradually and the content of baicalein was decreased gradually. Expression level of PAL and 4CL was the highest in withered period, CHS was increased between flowering and seed drop and decreased in withered period., Conclusion: Seedlings and withered periods may be the key phase affecting the growth and active compounds in S. baicalensis.

Objective: To identify SNP in flos Lonicerae, and authenticate Lonicera japonica from its adulterants and the mixture by using bidirectional PCR amplification of specific alleles (Bi-PASA)., Method: SNP of L. japonica and its adulterants was identified by using ClustulW to align trnL-trnF sequences of the Lonicera genus from GenBank database. Bi-PASA primer was designed and the PCR reaction systems including annealing temperature optimized. Optimized result was performed in 84 samples to authenticate L. japonica, its adulterants and the mixture., Result: When the annealing temperature was 61 degrees C, DNA from L. japonica would be amplified 468 bp whereas PCR products from all of the 9 adulterants were 324 bp. The established method also can detect 5% of intentional adulteration DNA into L. japonica., Conclusion: The Bi-SPASA could authenticate L. japonica from its adulterants and the mixture.

Objective: To study the effect of plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride (DPC) on the growing development of plant and the content of active compounds in Scutellaria baicalensis., Method: After spraying DPC during the seedling period, the length of taproot, fresh weight of root, diameter of taproot and the length of stem were measured. The contents of baicalin, baicalein and wogonin were determined by HPLC, respectively. Total flavonoids and scavenging DPPH were determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometry., Result: After spraying DPC, fresh weight of S. baicalensis root was significant increased, and root diameter was also increased. The contents of baicalin and total flavonoids were significantly increased and baicalein and wogonin were decreased remarkably. Compared with controls, scavenging activity of ethanol extracts on DPPH free radical was no significant changed after spraying DPC., Conclusion: Plant growth regulator DPC could regulate the growth on the ground and underground effectively, and could enhance the content of flavonoids compounds of S. baicalensis.

Objective: To find out the influence of differences pruning on Lonicerea Japonicae Flos on it's yield and quality, and provide reference for reasonable pruning., Method: Using different pruning treatments, the growth and yield and chlorogenic acid and galuteolin contents of Lonicerea Japonicae Flos were measured and compared. And the source and sink theory were used to interpret the rationality of the best way., Result: There existed significant differences in the growth and branching and yield at differences pruning methods, but not including chlorogenic acid and galuteolin contents of Lonicerea Japonicae Flos., Conclusion: The best pruning treatments is in shearing.

Objective: Through analyze of shape, structure and content of effective components of Cistanche deserticola, the variation of "you cong rong" is discussed., Method: The color surface, texture, the size of pith and the arrange of vascular bundle was observed with freshed, dried drugs and the transverse section, the effective component of echinacoside and acteoside was analyzed with hplc and the amylose was analyzed with ultraviolet spectrophotometry., Result: The variation of "you cong rong" is obvious different with the common drug in shape and structure, the content of echinacoside is 2.5 times, acteoside is 3.8 times, amylose yield is 1.6 times and the content is 2 times of the common drugs., Conclusion: "you cong rong" is an independent variation pattern of C. deserticola, it has no relationship with the ecological and geographical conditions.

Objective: To study the germination property of the seeds of Achyranthes bidentata from different producing area, providing foundation for choosing the better seed resources., Method: The germination rate, germination energy, germination index, vigor and the characteristics of the seeds of A. bidentata from different producing area were compared, and the relative electric conductivity was measured. The characteristics of the seed were recorded through the Anymicro DSS YT-5M microscope digital camera, and the differences were analyzed., Result: Seed from Henan Boai and Hebei Anguo showed the better germination rate, germination energy, germination index and vigor., Conclusion: The seeds from both Henan Boai and Hebei Anguo showed the better quality.

Objective: To define the genetic relationship and other genetic characters of different varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa., Method: RAPD reactions were conducted on total 54 samples from 16 varieties and 2 populations of R. glutinosa. The data were analyzed by Phylips, Popgene and Arlequin software., Result: The majority rule consensus tree defined the 54 samples to 3 groups. Population genetics analysis and AMOVA showed that the genetic diversity among varieties/populations much greater than that within varieties/populations, but within group II the genetic diversity among varieties was similar to that within varieties., Conclusion: Due to the long-time asexual propagation of R. glutinosa, some genetic differentiation has been accumulated and fixed within the species. It was shown that the genetic distance between wild population and cultivated varieties was greater than the genetic distance among cultivated varieties. The wild resource of the plant should be paid more attention and studies.

Objective: To find the status and changes of the soil nutrients in rhizosphere of Atractylodes lancea., Method: Total nitrogen (total N), available K, available P, organic matter (ORG), available nitrogen and pH in rhizosphere soil of the wild growing A. lancea in 3 sites, MS, LT and MFS, and the cultivated ones with different ages in LT were detected., Result: The contents of total nitrogen (total N), available K, available P, organic matter (ORG), available nitrogen and pH value in rhizosphere soil were significant different between MS, LT and MFS (P < 0.01). The results of the 6 detected parameters in MS were the lowest, in MFS were the highest and in LT were in the middle. The total N, ORG and available N in the cultivated A. lancea were lower than that in the wild ones (P < 0.01) and available P and pH value in the cultivated A. lancea were higher than that in wild ones (P < 0.01) and there was no difference in available K between the wild and cultivated ones in LT (P > 0.05); 3 available P in rhizosphere soil of the two years old A. lancea were higher than of the one year old A. lancea (P < 0.01) and there were no difference of total N, ORG, available N, available K and pH value in rhizosphere soil of A. lancea between one year and two years plant (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: It is indicated that the growth of A. lancea in Mt. Mao is faced nutrient stress.

Objective: To analyse the echinacoside and acteoside content of Cistanche tubulosa, collected from different hosts and different size of the cultivated, which is compared to the wilding by RP-HPLC method., Method: An Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used and a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-1% acetic acid (15:10:75) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was 30 degrees C and the UV detection wavelength was 334 nm., Result: The calibration curves of echinacoside and acteoside were in good linearity over the range of 0.904-9.04 microg (r = 0.999 9), and 1.27-12.7 microg (r = 0.999 9) respectively and the average recoveries of echinacoside (and acteoside) were 98.9% (n = 5, RSD 1.9%), and 97.0% (n = 5, RSD 0.97%)., Conclusion: The method is simple, quick, acurate. In all of the samples, the contents of echinacoside is markedly more than that of acteoside, the content of the two active component in the wilding is higher than that in the planting. The content of sample in the different sizes gradually increase from the big to the small, and the contents of samples collected from the different hosts vary markedly. These results are useful for the quality evaluation of medicinal materials of C. tubulosa.