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In this article, the authors reflect on the 5 years since the publication of DC:0-5™: Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (DC:0--5; ZERO TO THREE, 2016). They describe the context in which the Task Force was created, some of the initial shaping decisions that were made, and the process used to create the revised nosology. The authors highlight the major changes in DC:0--5 and conclude by assessing the value of DC:0--5 based on a priori criteria that we established prior to publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During pregnancy, low-income women are at high risk for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but they are unlikely to receive mental health services. As a follow-up to Narayan et al. (2017), we provide a detailed picture of pregnant women's mental health service (MHS) need versus utilization. Results suggested that the majority of women with very elevated depression and PTSD symptoms received MHSs during pregnancy. However, few women with lowergrade depression received MHSs, despite meeting prenatal depression criteria recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Pregnant women of color were also especially unlikely to receive MHSs. Inefficient transportation and lack of child care were primary issues interfering with service utilization. Detailed recommendations for how to improve MHS access are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the impact on young children of sudden and extended separation from a primary attachment figure. It recommends clinical intervention when the child's development and family functioning are negatively affected by the severity of the child's symptoms, and it highlights key treatment modalities derived from Child--Parent Psychotherapy, including the importance of "speaking the unspeakable," defined as affirming reality by giving words to the separation and its sequelae and the importance of offering a safe space for the child's expression of sadness, anger, and fear in the supportive presence of the caregiver. Two clinical examples illustrate treatment while the separation is ongoing and after reunion takes place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prenatal period represents an opportunity to buffer the intergenerational transmission of adversity through integrated, comprehensive perinatal health services for women experiencing high levels of adversity and clinical symptoms. This article presents preliminary descriptive data, drawn from an ongoing clinical research study, on prenatal clinical symptomatology and service usage and needs in 101 pregnant women who have experienced lifetime adversity. The women gave birth at a university-affiliated county hospital that serves low-income, ethnically diverse, medically uninsured families. Results highlight the need for improved identification of unmet mental health service needs during pregnancy. The authors provide recommendations for strategies to more comprehensively understand how to support low-income pregnant women via tailored, trauma-informed services for maternal health and infant well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the Attachment Vitamins program, a trauma-informed parent group intervention for families with young children. Attachment Vitamins is a relational psychoeducational intervention based on the principles of Child- Parent Psychotherapy (CPP). Its goal is to repair the impact of chronic stress and trauma through strengthening the child-parent relationship. The authors discuss the history, development, and implementation of the intervention, made possible through a collaborative research and development platform. Two vignettes are presented to highlight unique aspects of the program. Attachment Vitamins is a promising new intervention with the potential to improve outcomes for vulnerable young children and their families on a large scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood experiences of interpersonal trauma often leave a legacy of painful emotions and memories that can be especially destructive when adults transition to parenthood. In this article, the authors present a promising treatment approach, Perinatal Child-Parental Psychotherapy (P-CPP), adapted from evidence-based Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) for trauma-exposed parents and young children. Like CPP, P-CPP addresses traumatic experiences and improves mother-child emotional attunement, but it brings this work to the prenatal period. A clinical case illustrates the core modalities of P-CPP and emphasizes how uncovering, making meaning of, and healing from childhood trauma has enduring benefits on prenatal and postnatal maternal and child well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Including fathers is the next frontier for infant mental health. In this article, the authors describe the inclusion of fathers as equal partners in Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), an evidence-based treatment for young children experiencing or at risk for mental health problems following exposure to violence and other adversities. The authors present two vignettes in which the father's participation in treatment was pivotal to successful outcomes for the child, and they illustrate some of the considerations, complexities, concerns, and rewards of engaging and working with fathers. They discuss the benefit of using a "triadic lens" (McHale, 2011) for formulation and treatment planning with all families involved with CPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's exposure to violence is a national crisis. The high prevalence of exposure to violence in infancy and early childhood has implications for lifelong health and development because early experiences are most influential in shaping the structure and functioning of the brain, the quality of attachments and other relationships, and the child's readiness to explore and learn. The authors highlight the urgency of creating effective approaches to identification and treatment as well as public policy initiatives that protect both children and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of violence for young children and their caregivers are multidimensional. The story of 2-year-old Tyronne, his mother, Josephine, and his father, James, illustrates the use of a relationship-focused treatment, child-parent psychotherapy (CPP), in addressing the traumatic consequences of exposure to violence. This family's story exemplifies the complexity of domestic violence by unraveling the source of intergenerational transmission of attachment patterns and unresolved psychological conflict that become internalized, impacting sense of self, safety, and emotional well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), an evidence-based dyadic therapeutic intervention for very young children exposed to trauma, is becoming the go-to therapeutic intervention for infant mental health practitioners. Although CPP has been shown to be effective for rebuilding the parent-child relationship, reducing trauma symptoms, and reducing depression in mothers, there are some challenges to training and disseminating the model. The authors present two training methods that have been anecdotally effective in training clinicians in the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an obituary for Bernard Levy, founder and board member of the child-care nonprofit Zero to Three.